thesis statement for hockey

Malcolm Gladwell

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Origins of Hockey and Game Concept Essay

Introduction, the main body.

Hockey is a popular family of sports, the main purpose of which resolves around scoring a goal by hitting a puck with a special hockey stick. The most famous types of hockey that immediately come to mind whenever it is mentioned are ice hockey and, to a lesser extent, field hockey. Nowadays, though, there are many more types of hockey, like air hockey, foot hockey, and even underwater hockey. However, all of them are just variations of the original game with only a few minor differences. Hockey is commonly considered as one of the most entertaining sports to watch and is currently placed as the 3rd most popular sport in the world, having over 2 billion fans in Asia, Europe, Africa, Australia, and many other countries.

The origin of this sport is rather unclear and is open up to a debate even now. What is certain is that the roots of this sport go back to ancient times. Numerous researches show that the very first form of hockey was played by Egyptians 4000 years ago, as shown by various carvings. The game with sticks and a projectile has also been played by ancient Romans, Greeks, and even Aztecs. This comes as no surprise, as kicking around a ball-like object as entertainment was pretty natural during those times; later it led to hitting ball-like objects with a club or a stick, which is most likely the way hockey was invented. Ice hockey in its early form can be seen on various paintings in the Netherlands, depicting Dutchmen playing a version of golf on ice ( Ice hockey , n.d.). It was mostly played in small towns, though, and games were not organized until the 18th century. Blackheath Hockey Club is considered the first hockey club in the world, founded in 1862. Before Blackheath HC, there were no direct references to a hockey club, despite hockey being played in numerous schools 75 years before the foundation of the club. The first recorded ice hockey game was organized by James Creighton in 1875 in Montreal between two teams of Victoria Skating Rink. Both teams played on a confined ice area, and all names of the players and the score were recorded.

Regarding rules, outdoor field hockey is very similar to football, with the only difference being that hockey players hit the ball-like object with a stick instead of their feet. Teams consist of a Goalkeeper, Defenders, Midfielders, and Attackers, a total of 11 players. Field hockey is played on a pitch 91.4 meters long and 55 yards wide with a ball of 23 cm circumference. Indoor hockey rules are different: the pitch is smaller (44 meters x 22 meters) and the total number of players in a team is 5 (). The rules of field hockey are published by the International Hockey Federation, both for indoor and outdoor hockey. In ice hockey, each team has five skaters who are trying to retrieve a puck and score it into the opponent’s goal, and a goaltender, whose purpose is preventing the puck from entering the team’s goal. The game usually consists of three 20-minute periods of action, with 15-minute intermissions in between (). Before the beginning of each period, the ice is resurfaced (except for 5- and 10-minute overtime periods). The game always starts with a faceoff conducted by an on-ice official, and each period starts at the center of the ice rink. A team that scores more goals than the other team is declared the winner.

Ice hockey is known as a very brutal sport, which often leads to casualties and various injuries to the players. The International Ice Hockey Association has published rules regarding the equipment of skaters and goaltenders. Protective equipment of skaters includes facial protection and mouthguard, elbow pads, gloves, helmets, neck and throat protectors, and shin pads. Players can attach two types of facial protection to their helmets – cage and visor. Equipment that does not correspond to IIHF standards or may seem dangerous is prohibited during play. These rules are very important to follow, as the player who wears dangerous equipment will be ruled off the ice, and his team will get a warning from the referee. Such measures are aimed at reducing an already considerable level of danger present in ice hockey.

Canada is commonly considered as one of the most (if not the most) dominant countries in hockey and the best hockey nation in the world. It is the primogenitor of ice hockey, which is treated by Canadians as their sport. Hockey is Canada’s official national winter sport, passionately played and watched by Canadian men, women, and children over the past decade. Over 60% of National Hockey League players come from Canada. Founded in 1917 as the successor to the National Hockey Association, NHL is regarded as the main professional ice hockey league in the world. NHL was organized in Montreal, Quebec, and consists of 30 member clubs, 7 of which are in Canada and 23 are in the USA.

However, Canada is not the only country that plays hockey with passion. Although hockey is not treated as high in the US as in Canada, lots of Americans find this sport very entertaining and becoming more popular each day for several reasons. For instance, the success of American teams in the NHL greatly increased the interest in hockey, as well as the fact that now NHL players can participate in the Olympic Games. At present, there are ice hockey federations in 74 countries of the world. Despite hockey being more popular in the colder, northern climates of the world, it is no less popular overseas. You would be surprised to discover that Japan is in the top 10 in overall hockey players per country (Fischer, 2015). Their level is not as high, but their love for the game is quite surprising, considering the population of nearly 123 million people. South Korea is also interested in ice hockey, namely because of the 2018 Olympics held in Pyeongchang. Also, ice hockey is largely popular in Sweden, Finland, and Russia.

As in every sport, playing hockey can be both advantageous and disadvantageous. The game is very fast-paced, thus, it helps to burn a lot of calories. To be more precise, players burn about 0,061 calories per pound in a minute, which may lead to a huge weight loss in a long run (Health Fitness Revolution, 2015). Racing on the rink provides a cardiovascular workout, which helps to improve breathing and cellular activity. Because fast skating is broken up by periods of rest, it is similar to high-intensity interval training, allowing you to burn even more calories and boost your metabolism. Playing hockey also can help you to develop leg muscles along with increasing endurance of triceps, forearms, and shoulder muscles. You will increase your muscular and bone strength, improve your overall body function, and will decrease the chances of getting injured during the game. The fast pace of the game will help to improve your reflexes, agility, and hand-eye coordination, as well as improve your overall balance. Aside from the positive physical effects gained from playing hockey, you will also learn to communicate better, work in a team and develop good sportsmanship. Hockey may also help you to develop self-confidence, patience, and self-esteem.

However, hockey also has its disadvantages, some of which immediately pop up in people’s minds whenever they hear of hockey, i.e. body checks, fistfights, and missing teeth. Ice hockey is a very brutal sport, often resulting in concussions, shoulder, elbow, back, hip, and knee injuries (Roland, 2015). Violence is quite present in hockey; fighting is often used as a way of defending teammates and settling disputes with the opposite team. Therefore, the large amount of body protection that players wear during games is not surprising at all. Fight presence and frequent body contacts are also the reasons why IIHA forbids the use of dangerous equipment by players.

Hockey has always been an entertaining sport to play and watch. Having billions of fans all over the globe, it is commonly placed in the top 10 of the most popular sports in the world. Playing hockey is a great way to improve your body in various ways, develop strong communication and listening skills, as well as respect for authority and rules. It helps you to build your character and to discover important things like the correlation between action, reaction, and consequences, which will help you greatly in life.

Fischer, C. (2015). The top five most unconventional developing hockey nations . Web.

Health Fitness Revolution. (2015). Top 10 health benefits of hockey . Web.

Ice hockey . (n.d.). Web.

Roland, J. (2015). Hockey’s advantages & disadvantages . Web.

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• v.183(8); 2011 May 17

Concussion in youth ice hockey: It’s time to break the cycle

Pittsburgh Penguins captain Sidney Crosby suffered a hard blow to the head in a blind-side collision during the 2011 Winter Classic hockey game. He crashed to the ice, staggered to his feet and slowly left the rink. In a game a few days later, Crosby was slammed against the boards, fell to the ice and exited the game. 1 He’s been sidelined indefinitely with a concussion and, according to the concussion protocols of the National Hockey League (NHL), can’t return to the game until he’s free of symptoms. 2

Crosby has a lot of company in the NHL, where the number of concussions doubled in the 2010/11 season. 3 The NHL commissioner attributes the increase in concussions to accidental hits: players being struck by pucks, colliding with teammates, or striking the ice or the boards after being hit legally. 3 The fact is that the vast majority of concussions, and hockey injuries overall, at all levels of play, are caused by legal bodychecking. 4 – 8 It’s safe to say that as long as bodychecking is a part of ice hockey, a high rate of concussions will also be a part of hockey. Neither of the blows suspected of causing Crosby’s concussion were illegal. That’s important — concussion is not a problem the NHL can solve without radically modifying the sport’s rules of contact.

Concussion in youth ice hockey

The NHL’s problem with concussions is just the tip of the iceberg; concussion is all too common in youth ice hockey, with evidence that, despite educational efforts, the number of concussions continues to be substantially under-reported. 4 , 9 , 10 A study published in late 2010 found an alarming rate of concussions in junior hockey. 9 In the prospective study, which involved two teams of hockey players aged 16–21 years, 17 of 67 players sustained a concussion during a single season, with five of those players also suffering a second concussion. That is, 25.3% of players sustained at least one concussion in a single season, a rate of concussion seven times higher than the highest rate previously reported in the literature. 9

An estimated half-million youths play organized minor ice hockey in Canada. 11 The pediatric population is known to be more vulnerable to concussion and to experience more serious short-and long-term symptoms of concussion than adults. 12 – 15 Youth athletes with concussion may experience fatigue, inattention, lack of concentration, memory loss and headaches, which can have devastating effects on both athletic and academic performance. 12 – 16 Subtle cognitive deficits may persist for up to a year in some youths. 16 Youth athletes who sustain minor brain trauma are also at risk for so-called second-impact syndrome, a rare but catastrophic neurologic condition that is almost always fatal. 17 A history of concussion results in substantially increased susceptibility to additional concussions and more severe symptoms of concussion. 18

Repeat concussions are also a risk factor for chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), which is associated with a spectrum of sequelae including memory loss, behavioural and personality changes, depression, early dementia and motor neuron disease. 19 In one-half of the confirmed instances of CTE in athletes, symptoms developed within four years of the athletes stopping play. 19 Subconcussion impacts of the kind common in contact and collision sports, such as hockey and tackle football, are also implicated in CTE. The deposition of tau proteins indicative of CTE have been found on autopsy in the brains of American football players with no history of concussion, as well as athletes as young as 18 years old. 20 Concussion causes detectable but subtle symptoms and can be diagnosed by properly trained and vigilant physicians, trainers and coaches, but subconcussion impacts cause silent, invisible, lifelong damage to the brains of youth athletes.

The role of bodychecking

Bodychecking is a major cause of serious injury, including concussion, in hockey players. 4 , 21 , 22 The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that bodychecking be prohibited for children younger than 15 years. 23 Among the reasons cited by the academy is that there can be pronounced variations in body size, physical maturity and strength among players in younger age groups, resulting in heightened risk to smaller players who are matched against much larger players in the same age bracket. 23

The more conservative recommendation of the Canadian Academy of Sports and Exercise Medicine calls for bodychecking to be eliminated from all levels of minor hockey “which are not designed as training for professional and international ranks,” and only beginning in elite Rep or All Star leagues in the 16- to 17-year (Midget level) age group. 24 Hockey Canada, the governing body of minor hockey, allows body-checking at the Peewee level (ages 12–13) and above for male players; the Saskatchewan, Ontario and Ottawa hockey leagues permit bodychecking at the Atom level (ages 9–10) on an experimental basis. Quebec permits body-checking at the Bantam level (ages 14–15). 25 Quebec is the only province in Canada that has seen growth, rather than decline, in the number of children playing minor hockey, a trend that has been attributed in part to the late introduction of bodychecking. 26

Hockey Canada’s position is that checking skills are critical to the game of hockey and that “players must learn and master all aspects of the checking game to become effective and complete players.” 25 A 2004 study sponsored by the Canadian Hockey Association (now Hockey Canada) concluded that bodychecking “can be taught at the younger age levels in a manner that does not lead to a higher incidence of injuries.” 27 Several studies have confirmed, however, that injury rates rise dramatically when bodychecking is introduced, 5 – 7 , 21 , 28 that players typically sustain their first concussion within a year of starting bodychecking 4 and that education in “proper” bodychecking technique does not reduce rates of injury. 6 The evidence strongly suggests that substantial harm may result from teaching youth players bodychecking at an earlier age. 5 , 6 , 28

USA Hockey, the governing body for minor hockey in the United States, permits bodychecking at the Peewee level (ages 11–12), but is currently considering a rule change to raise the age to the Bantam level (ages 13–14), based on a recommendation by the USA Hockey Player Development Sub-committee on Body Checking. 29 The proposed change is motivated by two factors. First, skill development is hindered when bodychecking is introduced, because players focus on hitting and avoiding being hit rather than on skating, puck- and stick-handling, receiving, shooting and other hockey skills. 29 The subcommittee argues that players will benefit from two more years of skill development, unhindered by bodychecking. 29 This is in contrast to Hockey Canada’s assertion that training in bodychecking benefits player development. 25 Second, the US subcommittee cited concerns about player safety, noting a threefold increase in game-related injuries, “including concussion, severe injury and severe concussion,” among players aged 11–12 years following the introduction of bodychecking. 8 , 29

The increased incidence of serious injuries related to bodychecking has also been observed in other countries where bodychecking is not permitted for younger players. 7 , 28 In Finland, Mölsä and coauthors observed a disproportionate increase in injuries related to bodychecking, compared with other mechanisms of injury, in the age group for which bodychecking is first introduced. 7 Additionally, bodychecking was found to be the dominant mechanism of injury in older groups. 7

The way forward

Rates of concussion in hockey are among the highest in all contact sports. 4 , 30 There is considerable evidence to support the conclusion that to substantially reduce the number of concussions and subconcussion impacts in junior hockey would require a comprehensive set of changes to how minor hockey is played, including the elimination of bodychecking. 5 – 9 , 21 , 24 , 28 The recommendation of the Canadian Academy of Sport and Exercise Medicine to eliminate bodychecking in all levels of minor hockey except elite leagues, and then only for players aged 16 and older, is a reasonable compromise that acknowledges the need for specialized training for a select few at the elite level of play. 24 Hockey has a combination of aggressive play, high speed and hard playing surfaces that makes it especially risky for athletes of all ages, and hockey, like most sports, cannot be made 100% concussion-free. For that reason, better training in detection of concussions and heightened vigilance on the part of coaches, physicians, trainers and parents of hockey players is essential. Also, adherence to return-to-play protocols will always be needed, so that players who do suffer concussions receive proper management and don’t return to the ice before they’re ready.

More than a decade ago, the NHL led the way in professional sports by adopting postconcussion return-to-play protocols and mandating baseline neuropsychologic testing for its athletes. 31 The league recently implemented a new protocol for detection of concussions, requiring that players with suspected concussions be examined by a physician for 15 minutes in a quiet office location. 32

Now, the NHL needs to do more to prevent concussions. But even if nothing changes in professional hockey, more can and should be done to protect junior hockey players. If youth hockey players are not exposed to bodychecking, their chances of experiencing a concussion will decrease considerably. Because the damaging effects of concussion are cumulative, the fewer concussions a youth player has sustained, the better off they’ll be in the short and long term. Only 1 in 4000 youth hockey players makes it to the professional league, 33 but taking measures to limit subconcussion impacts and hits that induce concussion at the junior level, where young athletes often play for more than a decade, means NHL players will have accumulated fewer damaging blows to the head over the entire course of their hockey-playing lives.

Bodychecking in minor hockey introduces substantial risks of serious injury, including the risk of concussion and lasting brain damage. Those risks do not come with comparably important benefits for the 99.9% of junior hockey players who do not need to develop the skills requisite for playing professional hockey. 24 , 33 There is ample evidence to support the conclusion that bodychecking should be banned from all levels of minor hockey, 5 – 7 , 21 , 28 except leagues where elite players are trained. 24 Research to determine the optimal age to introduce bodychecking, as well as the best practices for teaching bodychecking at elite levels to minimize injury, would be a valuable and needed contribution to the literature on safety in hockey.

The way hockey is played by the professionals is imitated in junior hockey. This creates a vicious cycle in which young athletes learn to play in a way that inevitably causes injury 5 , 21 and in turn influence the next generation of players. It’s time to break that cycle and teach youths to play in a way that emphasizes skill and protects their brains, so they’ll be prepared to do the same when they grow up. There are a lot of kids who want to be the next Sidney Crosby, but they ought to be able to play the sport they love without being the next hockey player with a concussion.

• Concussion is a common, serious injury in youth ice hockey, affecting up to 25% of players per season by one estimate.
• Bodychecking is a major cause of injury and concussion in hockey, yet some Canadian provinces allow players as young as nine years to engage in bodychecking.
• Reducing rates of concussion requires eliminating bodychecking for all except elite hockey players aged 16 years and older, as per the recommendations of the Canadian Academy of Sports and Exercise Medicine.

Acknowledgements

The author thanks anonymous reviewers who provided valuable and informative feedback on this paper.

See article by Benson and colleagues on page 905 and at www.cmaj.ca/cgi/doi/10.1503/cmaj.092190 and commentary by Sojka on page 887 and at www.cmaj.ca/cgi/doi/10.1503/cmaj.110504 .

Competing interests: None declared.

This article has been peer reviewed.

Funding: Research funded by Canadian Institutes of Health Research, MOP 77670, Therapeutic Hopes and Ethical Concerns: Clinical research in the neurosciences, and NNF 80045, States of Mind: Emerging issues in neuroethics.

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Outliers by Malcolm Gladwell

Chapter 1: matthew’s effect.

This chapter is dedicated to hockey, so the author writes about Canada, which is the most hockey-crazy country. The story begins from the moment the author notices strange things in the hockey player roster. He starts to realize that all the successful hockey players from the list were born in certain months of the year. These are January, February, and March. There has to be some explanation for that, so the author begins to investigate the case. Naturally, what he finds out is not related to the magic or the horoscope. Their success is easy to explain by the eligibility cutoff for the hockey class date that was on January 1. According to that, if a boy was born on January 2, he will be playing hockey more than his peers who were born closer to the end of the year. At first, the difference would not be noticeable, but later, that gap would play a key role in their game. The other thing is that the hockey success depends on the individual merit. Annually “players are scrutinized and arranged and estimated, with the most talented separated out and trained for the next level” (Gladwell, 2008, p. 16). That is a meritocracy principle in action. This principle is valid in such spheres as arts, music, and science as well. An ability and talent are the main criteria of the castings of a different kind. The whole system of talent spotters is based on these criteria.

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Chapter 2: The 10,000 – Hour Rule

This chapter is about different successful people, particularly about musicians and programmers. The first story is about Bill Joy, a computer genius. He wrote most of the software people use today. He is the author of Java and the so called “Edison of Internet”. The next story is about the childhood and life of a great composer named Mozart. From the classical music, the story goes to the Beatles, the pop rock legends. Finally, the story comes to Bill Gates, the Microsoft founder. Gladwell shows that all these people have something in common. All of them had the opportunities for their talents’ development. Bill Joy was lucky to find himself in the University of Michigan with a time-sharing system. He had an opportunity to sit in the Computer Center with no time limits as there was a bug. Since Computer Center was open twenty-four hours, he could stay up all night. Before he could become an expert, he received the opportunity to learn. Mozart also had great opportunities. His father was a composer himself so he taught his son to play musical instruments and allowed young Mozart to practice on the concerts. The Beatles had an opportunity to play in Hamburg clubs. Bill Gates had three opportunities. Firstly, he had the opportunity to study at a reputable university and had an opportunity to develop his computer skills. Secondly, his parents had money to pay for his computer time. Thirdly, his parents became involved in programming. Besides, he was exactly in the right place and at the right time.

The 10,000 – Hour Rule is what readers get to know from this chapter. The neurologist Daniel Levitin formulated this rule. According to the rule, person needs 10, 000 hours to improve his or her skills, gain the experience, and develop the practice. It equals nearly to ten years of an active and meaningful practice of one’s ability. Thus, the heroes of this chapter became famous because they had opportunities for the practice.

Chapter 3: The Trouble with Geniuses, Part 1

The author talks about natural outliers – the geniuses – in this chapter. These people usually reveal some unique abilities since their childhood and their talents are so obvious that they cannot be ignored. The author talks about one of the most famous talents’ researches in this chapter. Just after the First World War, a certain Lewis Terman, a young professor of psychology at Stanford University conducted it. This professors’ specialty was intelligence testing so he invented the standard IQ test. Then he decided to find as many clever children as he could. He tested the most brilliant pupils for that purpose. The ones with the best results became his “experimental animals”, his Termites. He wrote his life book based on the results of his research. He noted everything: their progress, their private life, and their career. However, he was disappointed. They have not become the great personalities. They were just good enough.

On the other side, the author tells about the well-known modern wise man Cristopher Langan. He has an IQ of one hundred ninety-five comparing to Einstein one hundred fifty. He became an embodiment of genius in the United States, a superstar outlier. He was invited to news shows and was published in magazines; Errol Morris even shot a documentary about him, all because of his unique brain. Yet, having such abilities, he did not receive any education and did not gain success.

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Chapter 4: The Trouble with Geniuses, Part 2

The author compares two geniuses Christopher Langan and Robert Oppenheimer in this chapter. These two men have much in common, but they have particular differences as well. When Langan was a child, he had troubles with his studying for his family was a poor one. Finally, he left college and started to work in different places. At school, Langan could not attend classes showing up only for tests. Although he was not able to attend foreign language classes, he always passed the tests excellent. He studied French, Russian, Math, and Philosophy an hour a day each. Later, he went to study to Reed College in Oregon.

Oppenheimer was a child thinking in a similar way as Chris Langan did. His parents believed he was a genius. He left behind his peers in studying Physics and Chemistry. He knew Latin and Greek. Oppenheimer went to Harvard. He wanted to pursue a doctorate in physics so he went to Cambridge University.

Their “studying stories” do not have a happy end. Langan lost his scholarship for his mother missed a deadline for his financial aid. Oppenheimer tried to poison his teacher so he was put out for probation. Nevertheless, Oppenheimer became famous afterwards for he had invented a nuclear bomb.

Thus, to become successful, one has to have a practical mind and the so-called “Sense of entitlement”. In this context, the term mentioned relates to a skill of pursuing individual inclinations and managing communications in formal surroundings. Though this type of skill is inherent to middle-class children, it might be developed regardless of the class. Oppenheimer and Langan had different origins, which explains why the former became successful and the latter did not. The author insists that the main point of success is the origin.

Chapter 5: The Three Lessons of Joe Flom

This chapter tells the story of the Jewish immigrants’ life in 1950s in America. Joseph Flom was a Jewish lawyer. His business started as a risky venture and resulted in the world business. Making his way to success, he learned three important lessons.

His first lesson was to understand the importance of being Jewish. Being Jewish at that time in America meant that you were treated as someone worse. He wanted to be a lawyer, but since he was Jewish, he had to take cases that others rejected. There were “white companies” and Jewish companies. The first ones never took the “worse”; cases like litigation, which were reserved for Jewish. However, the historical situation changed and the world happened to be in need for the people that could “take care” of hostile takeovers and litigation.

His second lesson was about demographical luck. He was a representative of the so-called “small generation”. Because of the Depression, families stopped having children, which led to a decrease in birthrate and this in turn provoked a decrease in population. As it turned out, being born in a small generation had some advantages. Children of the small generation received more attention from teachers, then professors, and later on, they had no problems with finding a job. When there is a lack of workers, each of them is worth his/her weight in gold. There is an example of Janklow’s family in this chapter. Regardless of all the expectations, Janklow’s son achieved success as he was born in the small generation.

The third lesson Flom had to learn was about a meaningful work and the garment industry. The meaningful work is the one that combines autonomy, complexity, and an effort-reward balance. Getting a meaningful work was the first step to success. Jews were good particularly in the garment industry. It became their meaningful work.

Chapter 6: Harlan, Kentucky

This is a chapter about Harlan, a city known as a “Bloody Harlan”. There were many murders at that city in the late 19th century. Apparently, there was a feud between the two clans, that of the Howards and the one of the Turners. The feud started because of a cow that walked into the neighbor’s territory. After that, too many people were murdered.

This chapter tells the readers that there were many other similar stories at that time. Therefore, there had to be some kind of a pattern. According to the book, Harlan people shared the so-called culture of honor. Cultures of such a kind usually appear somewhere in the mountains. Because of the bad soil in the mountains, people cannot work on the fields and raise crops. All they can do is to breed cattle and be the herdsmen. It means that they do not have to cooperate as farmers do. They are all by themselves. However, herdsmen are always in danger of loosing their animals. Therefore, they have to be aggressive. They have to prove that they are tough enough to protect their property and are ready to fight for it. Thus, the most important thing in their life is their reputation.

It is an interesting fact that this culture of honor is in human’s blood. There was a research in the early 1990s, conducted by the two psychologists Dov Cohen and Richard Nisbett. They decided to investigate the question of the culture of honor. They wanted to know whether there were any remnants of this culture in the modern era. Their research showed that cultural legacy is a powerful force. The participants of the research, who were the offspring of that culture, behaved as their ancestors did even in other time and place conditions. It is something they received through their blood; it was sub conscience and social heritance.

Chapter 7: The Ethnic Theory of Plane Crashes

This is a chapter about the plane crashes. The chapter begins with a strange story about an increase in plane crashes within Korean Air Company. One of the most famous plane crash stories is the one that happened in Guam. Nowadays, all the future pilots study this plane crush as a model example. According to the text, the main reasons of the plane crashes are some slight malfunctions. There are also some other reasons on the list, such as bad weather conditions, tired and sleepy pilots, and late departures. In general, there are seven human errors that can cause plane crashes. They are always related to errors of teamwork and communication.

However, the plane crash in Guam led to an extensive research on human factors. After this research, Korean Air became one of the most secure airline companies in the world. Their services are now of the highest quality, and people may only wonder what changed this company forever.

Nevertheless, there is nothing so amazing for the author of this book. He knows that Korean Air could not become successful until it admitted the importance of the culture legacy. The main reason of the plane crash in Guam was a communication misunderstanding caused by the mitigated speech. There were two pilots in the plane, a first officer and a captain. The first officer was a Korean so he followed the rules of the subordination. The captain did not get his hints so they crashed. After that crash, the new system was established in Korean Air. All the pilots had to study English and this helped them to overcome the subordinate instincts. That was a successful strategy. Having fought cultural and ceremonial stereotypes, the aviation administration improved the quality of their service and made their airlines more reliable.

Chapter 8: Rice Paddies and Math Tests

This chapter is about such two incompatible things as rice paddies and mathematics. The readers get to know that there is a very special connection between these things. Growing rice is a kind of art as it implies a manifold balanced system and a special approach. A Chinese farmer cannot just go and get some rest anytime he wants. He has to measure the dampness of the soil and the water temperature; he has to check his paddy for weeds and harvest in time so he could get another harvest in winter. A distinctive feature of a paddy is that it is small. Though the work is extremely hard and tedious, this work is meaningful. There is a stable balance between the efforts and the reward. Thus, the hard work is a pledge of success for the Chinese people.

Still the difference between the Europeans and the Chinese lies not only in the hard work. Chinese children always surpass their European peers in mathematics. The whole point is in a Chinese number system. There is a big difference between the construction of number naming systems in European and Asian languages. In Asian languages, all the numbers are of one syllable and they are constructed according to the strict rules with no exceptions. As the Chinese number system is less complex and more easily understood, Chinese children learn to count faster and surpass their American peers at least for a year. When talking about math, Asian children have a built-in advantage (Gladwell,2008, p. 230). There is nothing much about the talent here. It is about something else. Thus, the author states that culture legacies matter. As Chinese believe that they have to be hardworking people and they can calculate everything faster, they have all the preconditions for their success.

Chapter 9: Marita’s Bargain

This is a chapter about a unique middle school – the KIPP Academy. This is the place where children from poor city blocks study. A majority of the students are Mexicans and blacks. However, this school is thriving for it takes into account the cultural legacies of its students. One of the main concerns of the KIPP Academy is to provide a balance between studying and having rest. This understanding of the rest efficiency dates back to the 19 th  century. That was the exact time when people understood the advantages of balanced education. Hence, the changes were made. The schedule was simplified, the classes became shorter, and the summer holidays became longer. The key principle of the KIPP Academy is: “Effort must be balanced by rest.” This school is well known for its pupils’ math progress. The teachers explain that fact with a meaningful approach. Children have time to study, to play games, and to ask questions at the classes. As a result, they are more motivated and their efforts always bring the rewards.

The graduates of the KIPP Academy do not have to worry for their future. They receive a chance to get out from poverty. They will surely improve their level in mathematics. The majority of them will get scholarships to private high schools so they are not doomed to attend high schools in the Bronx. Furthermore, most of the KIPP graduates would be able to go to college, often being the first in their family to do so.

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Book Report

Gladwell, M. (2008). Outliers. The story of success. New York: Little, Brown and Company.

Many books nowadays concentrate on how to become successful in different areas of life. People want to stand out; people want to be better than others are. Everyone wants to take the cake. Some people succeed in it and some do not for certain reasons. Most of them believe that there is a strong connection between their luck, abilities or talent and their success. They all tend to think that they owe their success to some of the latter. But what if it is just a superstition? What if all people have the same potential, equal conditions, and equal skills for reaching their goals? It seems that this new way of thinking will replace the previous one soon, particularly after reading Outliers by Malcolm Gladwell.

Malcolm Gladwell is also the author of the famous books Blink and The Tipping Point. He is currently The New Yorker writer. He started his career as a reporter at the Washington Post. In his Outliers, he writes about people that are above average. In this book, he proves that success does not depend solely on the individual talent. He tries to find out what are the key factors for success. For that, Gladwell analyzes the life stories of famous people and searches for something they have in common. He is looking forward to spotlight the secret of talented people. For that, he observes their distinctive patterns of practice, motivation, and coaching.

After his research, Gladwell concludes that there are three components of success. These are an origin, practice, and an opportunity. The main claim of Gladwell is that success majorly depends on the origin. The birth dates also have an impact on personal success. Gladwell finds the perfect birth dates for hockey players, musicians, sportsmen, programmers, and executives. Each century in some exact time creates all the conditions needed for a special kind of occupation. All a person has to do is to be born in the right time and in the right place.

The second component of success is practice. It seems that Gladwell was the first one to proclaim the ideas of deep practice:

A group of wonderful psychologists in the field of expertise research have gathered together and tried to find out how long do people have to work at something before they become really good? And the answer appears to be 10, 000 of hours… in an unbelievable quantity of spheres: you need to get practiced for ten thousand hours before you get good (Gladwell, 2008).

The similar ideas are there in the book of Daniel Coyle – The Talent Code. What Coyle calls “deep practice”, Gladwell calls “ten thousand hours rule”. Geoff Colvin calls this kind of practice “deliberate practice” in another book Talent is overrated, which was published in 2008.

According to Gladwell, the third success factor is an opportunity. He speaks of it mainly in his second chapter. When analyzing the life stories of famous people, he states that children from rich families have more opportunities. Their opportunities come not only from their money, but also from the fact that they receive the sense of entitlement from their parents. They are accustomed to reaching their goals better for they are not afraid of authorities.

Gladwell supports his arguments with many examples and statistics data. He strives to provide valid information. He frequently refers to reputable sociologists, psychologists, and economists. Thus, his research methods are: a qualitative analysis of data with recording experiences and meanings; a content analysis with studying the messages contained in media; interpretations of interviews, case studies, and observations; and descriptive statistics. In order to avoid confusions and misunderstandings, the author gives many clarifying notes. These provide useful information for the readers. For instance, when he speaks of Jewish emigrants, he explains that their additional advantage was that they were of a literate culture and intelligent origin.

Another good thing about Gladwell’s book is that he encourages his readers to an active reading. Gladwell poses many open questions to make his readers think about it: What do people usually think of the successful? Do people know enough about the sunlight that warms successful people, the soil in which they are putting down their roots, and the hindrances they were lucky enough to avoid? Do people see the consequences of their understanding of success? Can the pattern of special opportunities function in the real world also? Is there such a thing as an inborn talent? Is the ten-thousand-hour rule a universal principle of success? Where does practical intelligence come from? The reader cannot ignore such questions – he has to react somehow.

Gladwell is being worth given credit for his courage as well. The author dares the public opinion. Gladwell realizes that his deep practice concept is weird. Firstly, because people think that talent does not need much practice. Secondly, people need to have a meaningful work. He suggests the opposite: the talent is not born – it is grown. According to Gladwell, everybody can get better results with some efforts. Furthermore, these efforts do not necessarily produce perfection. A 10,000 hours rule implies that there are some obstacles on the way to success. Gladwell shows rather unexpected patterns, which do not meet society expectations: talented people spend much of their time on improving their skills. His view differs so much from the one that is constantly promoted on television. All those talents’ shows “profess another faith”: you have a talent or you do not. Therefore, writing such a book seems to be a challenge for the author.

It seems that author’s purpose is to change the public opinion. As long as the society believes that success is luck for the chosen ones, the number of the latter would be low. People underestimate the importance of practice. Gladwell’s book is supposed to encourage the society to create equal opportunities for everybody. It will result in an increase in the number of successful individuals. This can be understood from the instances of Michigan University and the KIPP Academy.

The good side of the author’s argumentation is that he does not only describe but also analyzes his research findings. He writes thoughtfully and calls his testimonies into question. After all, he poses many questions and expresses some doubt to find the truth and be objective. He considers all the available data equally. He does not have any preferences as to pay more attention to some particular themes and ignore the rest of them. He demonstrates the same attitude to the research in all chapters and provides a balanced information in each of them. The book is well organized. All parts of it are equally well reasoned and developed.

Nevertheless, his argumentation has some limitations. He takes a one-sided view of his topic. The prefect birth date does not guarantee success for everybody who was born on that day. Not all children of rich parents have special opportunities and a sense of entitlement. Gladwell’s theory just explains some more aspects of the different stories. It explains hockey regularities, the honor code, the society’s specifics, Korean subordination, and other features of cultural legacies. However, in order to become successful, people need to have a motivation, strong will, and persistence as well. Without that, people will remain unknown geniuses like the most intelligent person in the world – Chris Langan.

It seems that the author omits possible alternative interpretations. He never compares his research to the other authors. It is obviously that there were no similar authors before him, but he could have investigated different pinions much deeper. The author’s approach is not very flexible. He believes that his findings (particularly what it takes to become successful) are universal. He is not so dogmatic about it, but he is close to that. Of course, an achievement requires a talent plus preparation, but it is a bit complex phenomenon though.

This book was written in 2008, but it is still of interest now. People are still looking for success explanations and there are much more Gladwell-like authors today. It means that his book had a profound impact on the way people perceive success nowadays. The book appeals to a very broad audience for everybody is looking for the truth. Everybody wants to be happy and successful. Everybody wants to grasp the essence of success. People tend to explain their success by luck, hard work or talent. On the other hand, Gladwell believes that, to be successful, one needs to have the right origin, right parents, and a perfect birth date. The other things that matter are customs and traditions of one’s ancestors and his or her cultural legacy. These ideas are simple to understand and to remember. Nevertheless, where are those people who would claim, “Hey, that book of Gladwell was so much help for me. Now I am a very successful person”? It seems that there were not such cases mentioned in the media.

Thus, this book is good as a theory handbook. This book made a lasting contribution to its field, but it cannot be considered as a “Bible of success”. The readers are free to decide whether to follow its recommendations or not. In both cases, they are encouraged for further reading to find where the secret of success is hidden.

Gladwell, M. (2008). Outliers. The story od success. New York: Little, Brown and Company. Live Chat Order now

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Struggles Faced By Canadian Women In Hockey

2,292 Words Published On: 14-06-2019

Birth of Women's Hockey in Canada

Discuss about the Gender & Hockey in Canada for Thesis Statement.  

The research has been conducted to understand the Canadian women and hockey together. The birth of women’s hockey in Canada is understood with the focus on gender discrimination which happened in the place which is considered as the birthplace of hockey. From the point of being considered as a manly sport to the point of the formation of the first women’s hockey team, all the struggles associated with this development, which the women had to go through. The pressures from different places, especially from the family and society. The insult which the women players go through for their hockey dress to be considered to have a masculine orientation. The gender discrimination which the women players have to go through is extremely immense, and when compared with the men’s hockey team of Canada, it is way beyond that extreme. This discrimination discouraged a lot of women’s, who had an interest in the sport. Hockey is considered to be a unifying factor in Canada, as it helps in building relationships between people of the different generation. The research provides a deeper view of the different factors which demotivated the women hockey players and also contributed towards slowing down the growth process of women’s hockey in Canada. 

Women’s have continuously faced a lot of struggles, to make their niche in the sports world. The struggles can be due to fewer facilities for women, societal pressure and personal struggles too. A number of former Canadian Ice hockey players have transformed into a coach, as they want to encourage girls to participate in it and also don’t want them to go through the same struggle they have been through (Fisher 2012). Even after making a mark in the sports career, many players have to go through troubled married life, and the reason was their association with the sport.

Angela Jones is a former Canadian hockey player, who played from 1998 to 2000. She played at the highest rank of senior hockey. As a kid, initially, she had to face certain struggle due to her mother, who supported her to pursue swimming over hockey. This was due to the scarce facilities which hockey had and thus did not promise a positive future. She started playing hockey in a boys’ team. When she was eight, she played in Flemingdon Park boy’s house league and played ball hockey (Blair 2015). But she was later excluded from the team when her mother threatened to take a legal action against the coach of the team. Later, she started playing in different leagues and convinced her mother to let her participate in Flemingdon Park league. Due to her strong skills which were above her age, she was nominated as the star player. Her association, with the Flemingdon Park League, ended, due to jealousy factor in boys. The president’s son of Flemingdon Park League was offended when he heard about a girl overshadowing all the boys of the team. He forbid James from playing in the league, by bringing a change in the team policy, of not allowing any female player to play in the boys’ team (Bowering 2012).

Challenges Faced by Women Players

The society initially never considered hockey as a girl's sport. These sports were considered masculine and to associate a girl with them, was not possible for the society. The society considered sports like golf and swimming, more appropriate for women. The Amateur Athletic Union of Canada, until 1914, forbid the involvement of any female in any athletic activity which was under their control. Some of the players have to go through many marital issues in their life. This was due to the societal norms and the main struggle in marriage was due to the false and invalid perceptions associated with pregnancy and motherhood (Hemond 2012). 

The discrimination which has been happening since ages between different genders and their association with the hockey is incomparable. The facilities which were provided to the boys at the very beginning of their career is completely different when compared with the girls’ team. The men are prepared for the sports and are provided with the facilities to build physical and mental knowledge to deal with the hurdles which they might face in a sport. The thought of women participating in the sports which were considered ‘masculine’, created a lot of disturbance in the social surroundings and order (King 2006).

The women’s primary role was associated with being a mother, wife and a homemaker. A number of females used to enjoy playing hockey, but the obstacles which used to come in front of them were very difficult to face. There was also a time when women were instructed and have to play hockey in isolation. At the McGill University, the women were allotted four hours to play hockey in a week, with a condition that three men will continuously guard the entrance. The freedom to play hockey came way later. The men are encouraged to play sports and were given a complete freedom, but women have to face obstacles at every step (Behar 2007).

The rules of the ice hockey have been through major changes. Initially, if a woman showed more aggression on the field, then she would be removed from the game and was regarded as a bad girl. The community initially wanted to make hockey a feminism game and built rules accordingly. This attitude exists now also, but not in the same level as before. The intentional body checking also comes in this scenario, whereas the men’s hockey is played with full-contact. The structuring of the sports is conducted by keeping the men as the priority and the perfect example, whereas the women are sidelined. By following such practices, the sport hockey is considered to be equivalent for all the genders, even after practicing such discriminating activities (Rhine 2011).

Efforts of Former Players

The women who were part of the hockey in Canada, in the early times, were mostly encouraged by their parents if their brother also had an interest in the game. The girl’s interest never mattered. A lot of players have male siblings who are associated with the male hockey team and due to their interest in the game at an early age, their sisters also built an interest in hockey (Johnson 2011). 

There are no doubts about it, that the women hockey players in Canada had faced a lot of hurdles, to make a professional career in this sports industry. The struggle was not limited to the rule or but the women players have to face a lot of criticism due to their dress codes for the game. The women used to wear bloomer for the game and this brought a lot of brickbats. It was stated that, women wearing bloomer in the field will create a lot of corruption in boys and which will be even more than a city full of seductive dancers. The women hockey team dress was changed from heavy long skirts to bloomer, to provide the women players better freedom of movement. The male hockey team has been wearing shorts and they never faced any criticism for it. This is sheer discrimination between genders (Kale 2011).

The influence of sports also had an impact on the sexuality of women, which become a major concern too. Hockey has the reputation of making women masculine, and many players were also teased to be men for their physical appearance. The hockey players were questioned for their sexual preferences too. The masculinization of female hockey players also sparked a fear of “sexual transference”. According to this, a hockey player who is masculine or women who had an interest in masculine activities, then it was considered that the male has to build interest in the female activities, like taking care of babies and family (Langley 2003). This was also termed as “Feminization of Men”. The approach in itself is dividing the males and the females. This gradually changed, but the thought of men to adapt to female activities is very disturbing (Adams, Mason and Robidoux 2015).

Sports were never considered to be the main ambition of a female’s life, except sports like golf and tennis. The parents did not use to encourage their daughters due to the fewer opportunities and facilities available to the women in comparison to the males. The growth in the advertisement of sports and their products, with women kept as the center attraction, came very late. But this attempt of spreading the correct awareness about it, was one of the biggest steps towards, providing women with the freedom and the power to pursue their dreams in all the sports, especially hockey (Dorland 2018). The men always got that center attention from the society and many different aspects which contributed to encouraging them to build a career in sports. 

Struggle for Acceptance of Women in Sports

In Canada, hockey has a reputation which is more than just a sport. It is considered equivalent to a religion in Canada. The sport has not only made a contribution to the society, but also contributes to the economy on a very large scale. The sport hockey unified the population of thirty-three millions, which might be divided politically and with different originality (Watson 2016).

In Canada, hockey is an identity, which was initially considered to be an important involvement between fathers and sons, but now after the traditional gender boundaries have been removed it is considered as an important step of building relationships between mothers and daughters too. In Canada, hockey is a tradition, which has evolved over the years. From listening to the scores and commentary on the radio to building a Sunday night tradition, with friends and family. The sport hockey is worshiped in Canada (Kobierecki 2017).

It is due to this approach towards the sport, which has helped in building unity between people and also in resolving conflicts too, between people of different origins. The International Olympic Committee (IOC), describes the sport as ice hockey, whereas in Canada it is regarded as simply “hockey”, and the country also considers it as it birthplace too (Parr and Leyland 2010). In Canada, it is the biggest source of entertainment and the country considers it as its own “National Drama”. During the time of popular tournaments like the Olympics, the followers go crazy, and any loss or win for the country, have extreme reactions, from people being in tears, to celebrating it madly.

Though the game has evolved over the years, bringing new opportunities for the women. But the struggles which the women had to face, especially due to their family and husbands was immense. The societal pressure was associated with every aspect of women’s hockey, and it was due to the fear of disturbance which hockey will bring in the social order, which the men’s hockey players were unaware of. This pressure, slowed the growth of hockey, which could have evolved at a higher pace. The women’s hockey team of Canada participated in the Olympics for the first time in 1998, and the formation of the first hockey team happened in 1933. This big gap depicts a strong discrimination and the hurdles which the women’s hockey team has to face. After 1970, there was a bigger decrease in the participation of women in hockey, due to the fewer funds which were provided to the team and which further lead to very slow development. The major issue which the women faced was to fit in a prototype. Women’s were viewed as a motherly figure or person who exhibiting elegance and peace. The women of Canada have to break such mold and have to work forward to build a new image of women, who excelled in all fields and especially sports like hockey.  

Adams, Stephen, Courtney W. Mason, and Michael A. Robidoux. 2015. "‘If You Don’T Want To Get Hurt, Don’T Play Hockey’: The Uneasy Efforts Of Hockey Injury Prevention In Canada". Sociology Of Sport Journal 32 (3): 248-265.

Behar, A. 2007. "Hockey Playoff Noise". Canadian Medical Association Journal 176 (10): 1462-1462.

Blair, Kelsey. 2015. "Hockey Sticks And Heartstrings: The Men’S Gold Medal Hockey Game And The Affective Legacy Of The 2010 Olympic Games". Canadian Theatre Review 164: 83-88.

Bowering, L. M. 2012. "Injuries In Minor Hockey". Canadian Medical Association Journal 184 (3): 325-325.

Dorland, Michael. 2018. "Editorial: Hockey Night And Other Canadian Myths". Canadian Journal Of Communication 43 (2).

Fisher, C. M. 2012. "Injuries In Minor Hockey". Canadian Medical Association Journal 184 (3): 325-325.

Hemond, C. 2012. "Hockey Concussion: Is It Child Abuse?". Canadian Medical Association Journal 184 (8): 861-862.

Johnson, L. S. M. 2011. "Concussion In Youth Hockey". Canadian Medical Association Journal 183 (10): 1175-1175.

Kale, R. 2011. "Stop The Violence And Play Hockey". Canadian Medical Association Journal184 (3): 275-275.

King, W. J. 2006. "Should Bodychecking Be Allowed In Minor Hockey?". Canadian Medical Association Journal 175 (2): 163-163.

Kobierecki, Micha? Marcin. 2017. "Canada – USSR Hockey Exchanges. Between Positive And Negative Sports Diplomacy". Historia I Polityka, no. 18 (25): 19.

Langley, Sandra. 2003. "Gender, Talk, TV, Hockey, And "Canadian Identity": Feminist Takes On "Television Rejection"". Canadian Journal Of Communication 28 (4).

Parr, Grace, and Nicholas Leyland. 2010. "The “Hockey Stick” Sign In Appendiceal Endometriosis". Journal Of Obstetrics And Gynaecology Canada 32 (5): 421.

Rhine, D. 2011. "Concussion In Youth Hockey". Canadian Medical Association Journal 183 (10): 1175-1175.

Watson, Scott D. 2016. "Everyday Nationalism And International Hockey: Contesting Canadian National Identity". Nations And Nationalism 23 (2): 289-308.

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Shohei Ohtani on gambling scandal: 'Shocked' MLB star calls out interpreter's 'lies,' denies paying bookmaker

Ohtani broke his silence on the scandal involving his former interpreter, ippei mizuhara, on monday.

Los Angeles Dodgers  superstar Shohei Ohtani spoke with members of media on Monday for the first time since Major League Baseball opened an investigation into allegations that his longtime interpreter Ippei Mizuhara -- since fired by the Dodgers -- had placed illegal bets on non-baseball sports and Ohtani's bank account was used to pay an illegal bookmaker millions of dollars.

During his press conference Monday, Ohtani said he has never bet on baseball or any other sports, and that Mizuhara stole from his bank account. This comes after Ohtani's lawyers last week said he was the victim of a "massive theft."

Here is part of Ohtani's statement, which he read in Japanese and was translated by Dodgers interpreter Will Ireton:

"I wanted to be here to be able to talk. I'm sure it was a tough week for fans and the organization. On a personal note, I'm very saddened and shocked that someone I trusted has done this. Obviously today there are things that I am limited to talk about. I do have a document in front of me that will detail what has happened. "I never bet on baseball or any other sports. I have never asked anybody to do that on my behalf. I have never gone through a bookmaker to bet on sports. Up until a couple of days ago, I didn't know this was happening. "Just to go over the result, Ippei has been stealing money from my account, and has told lies.  "... The first time I knew about this gambling -- Ippei's gambling -- was after the first game (in Korea) when we had the team meeting in the clubhouse. During the team meeting Ippei was speaking English and I didn't have a translator at my side. But even with that, I started to feel that there was something amiss. "...Obviously I never agreed to pay off the debt or make payments to the bookmaker. And finally, when we went to the hotel and talked one to one, that was when I found out he has massive debt, and it was revealed during the meeting that Ippei admitted that he was sending money using my account to the bookmaker. "And at that moment -- obviously it was an absurd thing that was happening -- I contacted my representatives at that point. When I was finally able to talk to my representatives, that's when my representatives found out Ippei has been lying the whole time. And that's when I contacted the Dodgers and my lawyers. "In conclusion, I do want to make it clear I never bet on sports or have willfully sent money to the bookmaker. To summarize how I'm feeling right now, I'm beyond shocked. It's hard to verbalize how I'm feeling at this point."

Ohtani did not take any questions after reading his statement. 

Mizuhara originally told ESPN in an interview last week that Ohtani had paid off his gambling debt, an amount that had reached at least $4.5 million. However, his story changed a day later, and the now-fired interpreter later said Ohtani was unaware of the payments. The story broke while Ohtani, Mizuhara and the Dodgers were in Seoul, South Korea to open the MLB regular season against the Padres. The clubhouse meeting Ohtani referenced came after their season-opening win in Korea.

Shohei Ohtani addresses the media regarding Ippei Mizuhara and the recent gambling allegations. pic.twitter.com/tioSqvkPvn — SportsNet LA (@SportsNetLA) March 25, 2024

MLB's policy allows personnel to gamble on non-diamond sports (e.g. baseball and softball) provided that such activity is legal in that jurisdiction. Sports betting remains illegal in California, however. That, in turn, explains why Mizuhara is alleged to have placed his bets with an accused bookmaker at the center of a federal investigation . 

The accused bookmaker, Mathew Bowyer, has denied through his lawyer that he ever talked to or met Ohtani, but Mizuhara originally claimed that Ohtani voluntarily paid off his gambling debts. Mizuhara later changed his story, stating that Ohtani was not aware of the situation. A law firm representing Ohtani told CBS Sports that the two-way superstar "has been the victim of a massive theft."

Dodgers manager Dave Roberts told reporters on Sunday, including Jack Harris of the Los Angeles Times , that he thinks it's "good" for Ohtani to speak with the media about the situation. He reiterated that he does not believe the Ohtani-Mizuhara story has been a distraction to the rest of the clubhouse.

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Miami murder-suicide victims identified as New England College graduates

By Matt Schooley

Updated on: March 20, 2024 / 5:20 PM EDT / CBS Boston

MIAMI – Two women killed over the weekend  in an apparent murder-suicide in Miami, Florida have been identified as former New England College hockey players Meghan Moore and Sidney Capolino .

Police said it happened Saturday night at a condominium complex in Southwest Miami-Dade.

According to Miami-Dade Police, 40-year-old Luis Napoles shot Moore, a 2017 graduate of Barnstable High School, outside her apartment.

Napoles then shot Capolino inside the apartment before he shot and killed himself, police said.

Moore's brother told WBZ-TV Napoles was an acquaintance who Moore worked with at one time. Moore's friends said Napoles became obsessed with her.

A New England College spokesperson said Moore graduated in 2021 and Capolino graduated in 2022. Both were members of the women's hockey team.

New England College is located in Henniker, New Hampshire, about 20 minutes from Concord.

According to the college, Moore was previously a standout player for the Barnstable High School hockey team. Capolino was a native of Pawling, New York.

"New England College is deeply saddened by the tragic loss of two recent graduates, Sidney Capolino '22 and Meghan Moore '21," New England College said in a statement. "Meghan and Sidney were known to many on campus, and we are keeping their families and friends in our thoughts and our prayers at this difficult time. As the campus community pauses to process the gravity of the event, it is important that we support and care for each other."

The college made counselors available for students.

Barnstable Superintendent of Schools Sara Ahern released a statement about Moore's death.

"The Barnstable Public Schools is deeply saddened to learn of the passing of Meghan Moore, one of our former students and a 2017 graduate of Barnstable High School. She is described as someone who always had a smile on her face, loved to laugh, and was an avid Girls Ice Hockey Player. Our hearts go out to her friends, family, and loved ones at this most difficult time," Ahern said.

Editor's note: Miami Police originally said that Moore and Napoles were dating, family and friends of Moore say they were not.

• Barnstable News
• Miami-Dade Police
• New Hampshire News

Matt Schooley is a digital producer at CBS Boston. He has been a member of the WBZ news team for the last decade.

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