nursing is a profession in sri lanka essay

Nursing Education, Practice, and Research in Sri Lanka

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• First Online: 25 March 2024
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• Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-5752-2913 2 , 3  

This chapter aims to discuss nursing education, practice, and research-related issues in Sri Lanka. Moreover, it described the achievement in education, practice, and research in the country. This chapter will describe the challenges facing education in the country and suggest the recommendations to overcome these challenges, challenges facing the practice in the country and suggest the recommendations to overcome these challenges, and challenges facing the research in the country and suggest the recommendations to overcome these challenges. Moreover, online education, practice, and research will be discussed in this chapter; facilitators for the best online education, practice, and research will be explained; and finally, the barriers to the implementation of online education, practice, and research will be discussed with the recommendations to overcome it.

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Lee, K. S., Yee, S. M., Zaidi, S. T. R., Patel, R. P., Yang, Q., Al-Worafi, Y. M., & Ming, L. C. (2017). Combating sale of counterfeit and falsified medicines online: A losing battle. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 8 , 268.

Loy, M. J., Goh, K. W., Osili, N., Ming, L. C., Dhaliwal, J. S., Hermansyah, A., … & Lee, K. S. (2022). Features and functionalities of medical mobile applications for the endemic phase of COVID-19: Review and content analysis. Progress in Microbes & Molecular Biology, 5 (1), 1–17.

Mahleyuddin, N. N., Moshawih, S., Ming, L. C., Zulkifly, H. H., Kifli, N., Loy, M. J., … & Goh, H. P. (2021). Coriandrum sativum L.: A review on ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and cardiovascular benefits. Molecules, 27 (1), 209.

Mahmoud, M. A., Wajid, S., Naqvi, A. A., Samreen, S., Althagfan, S. S., & Al-Worafi, Y. (2020). Self-medication with antibiotics: A cross-sectional community-based study. Latin American Journal of Pharmacy, 39 (2), 348–353.

Manan, M. M., Rusli, R. A., Ang, W. C., Al-Worafi, Y. M., & Ming, L. C. (2014). Assessing the pharmaceutical care issues of antiepileptic drug therapy in hospitalised epileptic patients. Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research, 44 (3), 83–88.

Manan, M. M., Ibrahim, N. A., Aziz, N. A., Zulkifly, H. H., Al-Worafi, Y. M. A., & Long, C. M. (2016). Empirical use of antibiotic therapy in the prevention of early onset sepsis in neonates: A pilot study. Archives of Medical Science, 12 (3), 603–613.

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Ming, L. C., Hameed, M. A., Lee, D. D., Apidi, N. A., Lai, P. S. M., Hadi, M. A., Al-Worafi, Y. M. A., & Khan, T. M. (2016). Use of medical mobile applications among hospital pharmacists in Malaysia. Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science, 50 (4), 419–426.

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Othman, G., Ali, F., Ibrahim, M. I. M., Al-Worafi, Y. M., Ansari, M., & Halboup, A. M. (2020). Assessment of anti-diabetic medications adherence among diabetic patients in Sana’a city, Yemen: A cross sectional study. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 32 (21), 114–122.

Saeed, M. S., Alkhoshaiban, A. S., Al-Worafi, Y. M. A., & Long, C. M. (2014). Perception of self-medication among university students in Saudi Arabia. Archives of Pharmacy Practice, 5 (4), 149.

Saher, T., Al-Worafi, Y. M., Iqbal, M. N., Wahid, A., Iqbal, Q., Khan, A., … & Ahmad, N. (2022). Doctors’ adherence to guidelines recommendations and glycaemic control in diabetic patients in Quetta, Pakistan: Findings from an observational study. Frontiers in Medicine, 9 , 978345.

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Voo, J. Y. H., Lean, Q. Y., Ming, L. C., Al-Worafi, Y. M., & Ibrahim, B. (2021). Vaccine knowledge, awareness and hesitancy: A cross sectional survey among parents residing at Sandakan district, Sabah. Vaccines, 9 (11), 1348.

Wahid, A., Ghafoor, A., Khan, A. W., Al-Worafi, Y. M., Latif, A., Shahwani, N. A., … & Ahmad, N. (2022). Comparative effectiveness of individualized longer and standardized shorter regimens in the treatment of multidrug resistant tuberculosis in a high burden country. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13 , 973713.

Yaseen, M. O., Saif, A., Khan, T. M., Yaseen, M., Saif, A., Bukhsh, A., … & Jaber, A. A. (2022). A qualitative insight into the perceptions and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Pakistani pharmacists. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 18 (1), 2031455.

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Al-Worafi, Y.M. (2024). Nursing Education, Practice, and Research in Sri Lanka. In: Al-Worafi, Y.M. (eds) Handbook of Medical and Health Sciences in Developing Countries. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74786-2_509-1

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74786-2_509-1

Received : 10 October 2023

Accepted : 10 October 2023

Published : 25 March 2024

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• Nursing as a Profession

Nursing is an art and a science as well as a humanitarian service. It is a unique profession within the health care sector focused on the care of individuals, families, and communities. Florence Nightingale was the founder of modern nursing. She laid the foundation of professional nursing with the establishment of her nursing school at St Thomas Hospital, London in 1860. Nurses play a vital role in the health care system of any country whose main goals are to promote healthy lifestyles, prevent diseases, alleviate suffering and rehabilitate individuals that are differently abled. Therefore, most of the countries have strengthened their nursing profession through degree level education and specialization in selected fields of nursing in order to provide effective and efficient health care for the public. Nursing is identified as a profession based on the criteria that a profession must have; a systematic body of knowledge that provides the framework for the profession’s practice, standardized formal higher education, commitment to providing a service that benefits individuals and the community, maintenance of a unique role that recognizes autonomy, responsibility and accountability, control of practice responsibility of the profession through standards and a code of ethics, evidence based practice and commitment to members of the profession through professional organizations and activities. The nurse’s primary professional responsibility is providing nursing care for patients, family and community. Nurses are accountable for facilitating safe and therapeutic environment for the patients, delivering holistic and personalized care, maintaining accurate and up to date records and report, protecting patient’s legal rights and privacy, maintaining collaborative relationship with other health workers , working within ethical and legal boundaries, delegating responsibility appropriately, providing health education, focusing on evidence-based practice and contributing to the professional development.

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The nursing profession in Sri Lanka: time for policy changes

D. Aluwihare-Samaranayake , L. Ogilvie , G. Cummings + 1 more authors

Sep 1, 2017

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Quality indicators

International Nursing Review

Key Takeaway : Sri Lanka's nursing profession needs policy changes to establish mandatory nurse licensure, improve nursing education, and promote professionalization, ultimately improving health systems.

AIM We address issues and challenges in nursing in Sri Lanka with the aim of identifying where and how policy changes need to be made. BACKGROUND Increased global interconnectivity calls for professional leadership, research, education, and policy reform in nursing as these are identified as enhancing health workforce performance and professionalization, thereby improving health systems. SOURCES OF EVIDENCE We draw on first-hand knowledge of health care and nursing in Sri Lanka and a recent survey of nurses at a large urban government hospital in Sri Lanka, followed by discussion and proposed action on themes identified through analysis of published and unpublished literature about the nursing profession. DISCUSSION Policy and action are needed to: (a) establish mandatory nurse licensure in the public and private healthcare sectors; (b) implement realistic policies to further develop nursing education; (c) develop a professionalization process to support nursing autonomy and voice; and (d) promote systematic processes for educational accreditation, curriculum revision, continuing professional development, evidence-based practice, research, leadership, and information systems. CONCLUSION There is a policy vacuum that requires careful analysis and strategic planning by formal nurse leaders. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY Implementing change will require political and professional power and strategic, innovative, and evolutionary policy initiatives as well as organizational infrastructure modifications best achieved through committed multidisciplinary collaboration, augmented research capacity, bolstered nursing leadership, and promotion of partnerships with policy makers.

Issues, challenges and vision for the future of the nursing profession in Sri Lanka: a review

Affiliation.

• 1 The Joanna Briggs Institute, Level 8, Royal Adelaide Hospital, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [email protected]
• PMID: 19239512
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1466-7657.2008.00657.x

Background: Reviewing the current situation and future development of nursing profession in Sri Lanka enables one to understand not only the nature of its successes and problems, but more importantly, in what way plans for the future will impact on the profession.

Aim: To explore the issues and challenges concerning nursing regulation, administration, services and education in Sri Lanka and how they will impact on developing nursing professionalism.

Methods: A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE and CINAHL limited to articles in the English and Sinhala languages published between 1976 and November 2007. The reference lists of all identified reports and articles were searched for additional studies. Personal communication, unpublished reports and government records and websites were also used to obtain information on nursing service, regulation, administration and education in Sri Lanka. Hand searching of relevant Sri Lankan journals and government reports was undertaken to reveal any additional literature.

Conclusion: The Sri Lankan nursing profession is being very tardy in asserting its professional status in the health sector. There has been minimal effort to improve the standards of nursing services and education, mainly because of inadequate and disjointed involvement of those who are responsible for improving the health services in Sri Lanka. However, nursing services and education in Sri Lanka are being scrutinized as nurses today show more concern about their professional roles, education and status.

Publication types

• Community Health Nursing / organization & administration
• Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate / organization & administration
• Education, Nursing, Diploma Programs / organization & administration
• Education, Nursing, Graduate / organization & administration
• Forecasting
• Health Planning Guidelines
• Health Services Needs and Demand
• Licensure, Nursing
• National Health Programs / organization & administration
• Nurse Administrators / organization & administration
• Nurse's Role
• Nursing / organization & administration*
• Nursing Research / organization & administration
• Nursing Services / organization & administration
• Professional Autonomy*
• Quality Assurance, Health Care / organization & administration

The nursing profession in Sri Lanka: time for policy changes.

21  citations

17  citations

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Cites background from "The nursing profession in Sri Lanka..."

... Nurses also need more professional autonomy and their status and role at governing levels need to be better established (Aluwihare-Samaranayake et al. 2017). ...

... In all countries, it is therefore imperative that nursing has a presence and voice in the creation of health policies at all levels to ensure their needs are addressed and the importance of their role recognized (Aluwihare-Samaranayake et al. 2017; Catton 2017). ...

6  citations

5  citations

View 4 citation excerpts

... This shortage of nurses is a result of nursing being an unattractive profession because of low pay, poor working conditions, long working hours, limited career progression and inadequate professional recognition in Sri Lanka (Aluwihare-Samaranayake et al., 2017; Aluwihare-Samaranayake et al., 2018). ...

... …and shortage of nurses is a result of nursing being an unattractive profession because of low pay, poor working conditions, long working hours, limited career progression and inadequate professional recognition in Sri Lanka (Aluwihare-Samaranayake et al., 2017; Aluwihare-Samaranayake et al., 2018). ...

... Shortage of nurses is a significant issue in Sri Lanka’s healthcare system (Aluwihare-Samaranayake et al., 2017). ...

... Most of the private hospital nurses were not registered (Aluwihare-Samaranayake et al., 2017; Jayasekara & Mccutcheon, 2006) and statistics of this group are not available. ...

3  citations

2,551  citations

275  citations

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"The nursing profession in Sri Lanka..." refers background in this paper

... Professional and organizational support of the application of nursing knowledge and expertise in patient care is associated with enhancing autonomous nursing practice (Van Bogaert et al. 2013). ...

... Powerlessness leads to job dissatisfaction, burnout, and depersonalization and contributes to poor patient outcomes (Van Bogaert et al. 2013). ...

88  citations

72  citations

View 1 reference excerpt

... This will enhance nurses’ abilities to use their knowledge and judgment with confidence and provide nursing care within the full scope of practice as defined by existing professional, regulatory, and organizational rules (Weston 2008). ...

58  citations

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