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Use Case Modeling for an ATM System: A Comprehensive Guide and Case Study

Introduction.

This case study focuses on the use case modeling of an ATM system for a bank. The ATM system is designed to provide customers with a convenient way to access their accounts and perform various banking transactions, such as withdrawing cash, depositing cash, transferring funds, checking their account balance, and changing their PIN. The case study discusses the problem description and requirements of the system, as well as the use case diagrams, actors, and scenarios that were created to model the system’s functionality. The case study also explores how other types of UML diagrams, such as activity diagrams and sequence diagrams, can be used in conjunction with use case diagrams to provide a more detailed view of the system’s behavior and interactions. By the end of the case study, readers will have a clear understanding of the use case modeling process and how it can be applied to real-world systems such as an ATM system.

什麼是用例圖？Use Case Diagram - Learn it, Try it! | 學習EA, Agile & UML 和使用Visual Paradigm 技能- 點部落

Guidelines and Tips for Developing Effective Use Cases and Writing Proper Use Case Scenarios

Here are some guidelines, tips, and tricks for developing use cases and writing proper use case scenarios:

Identify the actors: Begin by identifying the actors who will interact with the system. This could include users, administrators, and any other stakeholders who will use the system.
Define the system’s scope: Clearly define the scope of the system and what it is meant to accomplish. This will help ensure that the use case scenarios capture all necessary requirements.
Use a structured approach: Use a structured approach to develop the use case scenarios. This could include using templates or guidelines to ensure that each scenario follows a consistent structure.
Write clear and concise scenarios: Write use case scenarios that are clear, concise, and easy to understand. Use plain language and avoid technical jargon or acronyms that may not be familiar to all stakeholders.
Use action-oriented language: Write use case scenarios using action-oriented language that describes what the user or system is doing. This can help ensure that the scenarios are easy to understand and follow.
Focus on user goals and needs: Focus on the user’s goals and needs when developing use case scenarios. This will help ensure that the scenarios capture the user’s perspective and are aligned with their needs.
Identify pre-conditions and post-conditions: Clearly identify any pre-conditions and post-conditions that must be met for the scenario to be successful. This will help ensure that the scenario is complete and accurate.
Include exception scenarios: Identify any exception scenarios that may occur and include them in the use case scenarios. This will help ensure that the system can handle unexpected situations and errors.
Get feedback and review: Get feedback from stakeholders and review the use case scenarios regularly to ensure that they remain accurate and up-to-date with the latest system specifications and requirements.

By following these guidelines, tips, and tricks, developers can develop use case scenarios that accurately capture the system’s functionality and meet the needs of all stakeholders.

Problem Description of the Case Study – ATM

A bank needs to provide its customers with a convenient way to access their accounts and perform various banking transactions, such as withdrawing cash, depositing cash, transferring funds, checking their account balance, and changing their PIN. To address this problem, the bank plans to implement an ATM system that allows customers to perform these transactions using their ATM cards and a PIN.

Requirements:

Security: The ATM system must ensure the security of customer transactions by verifying the customer’s identity using their ATM card and PIN. The system must prevent unauthorized access to customer accounts and must be protected against various forms of fraud and attack, such as skimming and hacking.
Availability: The ATM system must be available to customers at all times, subject to periodic maintenance and downtime. The system must be reliable and resilient to hardware and software failures to minimize service disruptions and ensure a high level of customer satisfaction.
Usability: The ATM system must be easy to use and navigate for customers of all ages and backgrounds. The system must provide clear instructions and feedback to guide customers through the transaction process and minimize errors and confusion.
Transaction processing: The ATM system must process customer transactions accurately and efficiently, including withdrawing and depositing cash, transferring funds, checking account balances, and changing PINs. The system must maintain accurate records of all transactions and provide customers with receipts and other documentation as needed.
Integration: The ATM system must integrate with the bank’s existing IT infrastructure, including its core banking system, network, and databases. The system must communicate securely and reliably with other systems and components to ensure accurate and timely processing of transactions and account information.

Use Case Modeling and Use Case Scenario Development

Starting with the problem description of an ATM system, the next step is to identify the various use cases that are required to fulfill the needs of the system’s users. This involves analyzing the system’s requirements and defining the specific actions that users can take when interacting with the system. Each use case will have its own set of scenarios that describe how the system and user will interact in specific situations. These scenarios should be developed in a structured manner, using clear and concise language to ensure they are easily understandable by all stakeholders involved in the project.

The process of identifying use cases and developing use case scenarios is a critical step in the software development life cycle. It enables the development team to fully understand the requirements of the system and to design a solution that meets the needs of its users. As the development process progresses, it may be necessary to refine the use cases and scenarios to reflect changes in the requirements or to incorporate feedback from stakeholders. This iterative process helps to ensure that the final system meets the needs of all stakeholders and is capable of handling a wide range of scenarios and use cases.

Use Case Diagram:

The use case diagram for an ATM system could include the following actors:

And the following use cases:

Withdraw Cash
Deposit Cash
Check Balance
Transfer Funds

The diagram would show the relationships between the actors and use cases, indicating which use cases are accessible by which actors.

Use Case Scenarios:

a) Withdraw Cash:

The customer inserts their ATM card into the machine.
The system prompts the customer to enter their PIN.
The customer enters their PIN.
The system verifies the PIN.
The customer selects the “Withdraw Cash” option.
The system prompts the customer to enter the amount of cash they wish to withdraw.
The customer enters the amount of cash.
The system dispenses the cash.
The customer removes their ATM card and takes the cash.

b) Deposit Cash:

The customer selects the “Deposit Cash” option.
The system prompts the customer to enter the amount of cash they wish to deposit.
The system verifies the amount and displays it to the customer.
The customer confirms the amount.
The system accepts the cash and credits the customer’s account.

c) Check Balance:

The system displays the customer’s account balance.

d) Transfer Funds:

The customer selects the “Transfer Funds” option.
The system prompts the customer to enter the account number to which they wish to transfer funds.
The customer enters the account number.
The system prompts the customer to enter the amount of funds they wish to transfer.
The customer enters the amount of funds.
The system transfers the funds and displays a confirmation message to the customer.

e) Change PIN:

The system prompts the customer to enter their current PIN.
The customer enters their current PIN.
The system verifies the current PIN.
The system prompts the customer to enter their new PIN.
The customer enters their new PIN.
The system prompts the customer to confirm their new PIN.
The customer confirms their new PIN.
The system updates the customer’s PIN and displays a confirmation message.

Refining Use Case Scenario – Withdraw Cash

Refining a use case scenario as the development process progresses forward is important for several reasons:

To ensure that the scenario is accurate and reflects the current state of the system: As the development process moves forward, the system may change, and new requirements may emerge. Refining the use case scenario helps ensure that it remains accurate and up-to-date with the latest system specifications.
To identify any missing or incomplete requirements: As the system evolves, it may become apparent that additional requirements are needed to fully capture the system’s functionality. Refining the use case scenario helps identify any missing or incomplete requirements.
To improve usability and user experience: Refining the use case scenario can help improve the usability and user experience of the system. By refining the scenario, developers can better understand the user’s needs and make design decisions that better meet those needs.

The process of refining a use case scenario can involve several steps, including:

Reviewing the scenario for accuracy and completeness: Developers should review the scenario to ensure that it accurately reflects the current state of the system and that all requirements are captured.
Identifying any missing or incomplete requirements: Developers should identify any missing or incomplete requirements and work to incorporate them into the scenario.
Refining the user interface: Developers should refine the user interface to improve usability and user experience, taking into account user feedback and design best practices.
Incorporating feedback: Developers should incorporate feedback from stakeholders and users to refine the scenario and ensure that it meets the needs of all users.

Steps to Refine a Use Case Scenario

By continually refining the use case scenario throughout the development process, developers can ensure that the system meets user needs and requirements and is as usable and user-friendly as possible.

Here’s an elaboration of the “Withdraw Cash” scenario for the ATM system, including normal and exception flows and insertion points to reflect a real-life scenario:

Scenario: Withdraw Cash

Primary Actor: Customer

Preconditions:

The customer has inserted their ATM card into the machine.
The customer has entered their correct PIN.

Basic Flow:

The customer selects the “Withdraw Cash” option from the main menu.
The ATM prompts the customer to enter the amount of cash they wish to withdraw.
The customer enters the amount of cash they wish to withdraw.
The ATM verifies that the customer has sufficient funds in their account to cover the withdrawal amount.
The ATM dispenses the requested cash to the customer.
The ATM displays a message confirming the successful withdrawal and prompts the customer to select another transaction or end the session.
The customer selects another transaction or ends the session.
The ATM ejects the customer’s ATM card.

Exception Flows:

1a. Insufficient Funds

The ATM verifies that the customer has insufficient funds in their account to cover the withdrawal amount.
The ATM displays an error message informing the customer that they do not have sufficient funds to complete the transaction.
The ATM prompts the customer to either enter a smaller withdrawal amount or cancel the transaction.
The customer either enters a smaller withdrawal amount or cancels the transaction.

2a. Invalid Amount

The customer enters an invalid withdrawal amount, such as a negative number or a value that exceeds their daily withdrawal limit.
The ATM displays an error message informing the customer that the amount entered is invalid.
The ATM prompts the customer to enter a valid withdrawal amount.
The customer enters a valid withdrawal amount.

3a. Card Retained

The ATM fails to dispense the cash due to a hardware or software error.
The ATM displays an error message informing the customer that their card has been retained.
The ATM prompts the customer to contact their bank or customer service for assistance.
The customer contacts their bank or customer service to retrieve their card.

Insertion Points:

After step 1: The customer inserts their ATM card into the machine and enters their PIN.
After step 2: The customer enters the amount of cash they wish to withdraw.
After step 3: The ATM verifies that the customer has sufficient funds to cover the withdrawal amount.
After step 5: The ATM dispenses the requested cash to the customer.

Appendix – Refined Use Case Scenarios – ATM

Use Case Name: Withdraw Cash

Actors: Customer, ATM

Preconditions: The customer must have a valid ATM card and PIN number. The ATM must be functioning properly and connected to the banking network.

The customer inserts their ATM card into the card reader slot on the ATM.
The ATM prompts the customer to enter their PIN number using the keypad.
The customer enters their PIN number.
The ATM validates the PIN number and displays the main menu options.
The customer selects the “Withdraw Cash” option from the menu.
The ATM prompts the customer to enter the amount of cash they wish to withdraw using the keypad.
The ATM validates that the customer has sufficient funds in their account to complete the transaction.
The ATM dispenses the requested cash amount to the customer.
The ATM displays a message indicating that the transaction is complete.
The customer removes their ATM card from the card reader slot.

Alternative Flows:

1a. If the ATM is unable to read the customer’s ATM card, the ATM displays an error message and prompts the customer to try again or contact their bank.
4a. If the customer enters an incorrect PIN number three times, the ATM will retain their card and display a message indicating that it has been retained.
8a. If the customer does not have sufficient funds in their account to complete the transaction, the ATM displays an error message and prompts the customer to enter a smaller amount or cancel the transaction.

Use Case Name: Check Account Balance

The customer selects the “Check Account Balance” option from the menu.
The ATM displays the customer’s current account balance on the screen.

Use Case Name: Deposit Cash

The customer selects the “Deposit Cash” option from the menu.
The ATM prompts the customer to insert the cash they wish to deposit into the cash deposit slot on the ATM.
The customer inserts the cash into the deposit slot.
The ATM validates the cash and displays a message indicating the amount of cash that has been deposited.

References: Use Case Modeling Techniques

What is Use Case Specification?
A Practical Tutorial on Robustness Analysis
Identify User Requirements with Use Case Diagrams
User Story vs Use Case for Agile Software Development
Use Case Driven Approach for Agile Development
Types of Actor in Use Case Model
What is Use Case Diagram?
What is UML?
Why UML Modeling?

Use Case Diagram for the ATM System

Learn how to define use cases and create the corresponding use case diagram for the ATM.

Primary actors

Secondary actors, card issuer, associations.

Use case diagram

Let’s build the use case diagram of the ATM and understand the relationship between its different components.

First, we’ll define the different elements of our ATM design, followed by the complete use case diagram of the system.

Our system is an "ATM."

Let’s define the main actors of our ATM system.

Cardholder: This is the primary actor of the ATM who inserts or removes the ATM card, performs or cancels the transaction, and changes the PIN.

Card issuer: This actor verifies the cardholder's identity, checks for sufficient funds, checks the cardholder's account transaction limit, and blocks/unblocks the cardholder's account.

System: This actor checks for sufficient funds in the ATM, checks the ATM’s transaction limit, and verifies the cardholder's identity. This actor also returns the card and dispenses the amount and receipts.

Operator: The operator is responsible for starting and shutting down the system. It can refill printer receipts and cash dispensers.

In this section, we will define the use cases for the ATM. We have listed the use cases according to their respective interactions with a particular actor.

Insert card: To insert an ATM card into ATM

Transaction: To perform an operation—balance inquiry, deposit, fund transfer, or cash withdrawal

Change pin: To change the PIN of the ATM card

Cancel transaction: To cancel a transaction

Verifying the cardholder's identity: To validate the card and cardholder's bank account details

Check sufficient funds in account: To check if the cardholder's bank account has more or equal funds than the fund being withdrawn or transferred

Check account transaction limits: To check if the transaction limits of the cardholder's bank account are more or equal to the funds being withdrawn or transferred

Block/Unblock account: To block or unblock the cardholder's bank account

Check sufficient funds in ATM: To check if the ATM has more or equal funds than the fund being withdrawn or transferred

Check ATM withdrawal limits: To check if the transaction limits of the ATM are more or equal to the funds being withdrawn or transferred

Return card: To return the card after completing or canceling the transaction

Dispense money: To dispense cash in case of cash withdrawal from an ATM

Dispense receipt: To dispense cash after completing the transaction

System startup/shutdown: To start and shutdown the ATM session

Refill printer receipts: To refill the paper in the printer

Refill cash dispenser: To refill the cash in the dispenser

Relationships

This section describes the relationships between and among actors as well as their use cases.

The “Transaction” use case has a generalization relationship with the “Balance Inquiry,” “Deposit,” “Transfer,” and “Cash withdrawal,” because a cardholder can use any of these options to perform a transaction.

The table below shows the association relationship between actors and their use cases.

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UML diagrams for ATM application

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ATM application

Read the following documents/reports to understand the problem statement, requirements and other necessary things related to the ATM application: Doc1 , Doc2 , Doc3 , Doc4 , Doc5

1 Use case diagram
2 Class diagram
3 Sequence diagram
4 Collaboration diagram
5 Statechart diagram
6 Activity diagram
7 Component diagram
8 Deployment diagram

Use case diagram

Class diagram, sequence diagram, collaboration diagram, statechart diagram, activity diagram, component diagram, deployment diagram.

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Suryateja Pericherla, at present is a Research Scholar (full-time Ph.D.) in the Dept. of Computer Science & Systems Engineering at Andhra University, Visakhapatnam. Previously worked as an Associate Professor in the Dept. of CSE at Vishnu Institute of Technology, India.

He has 11+ years of teaching experience and is an individual researcher whose research interests are Cloud Computing, Internet of Things, Computer Security, Network Security and Blockchain.

He is a member of professional societies like IEEE, ACM, CSI and ISCA. He published several research papers which are indexed by SCIE, WoS, Scopus, Springer and others.

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love you ho gya sir g

That’s a great content sir

Hello startertutorials.com admin, Your posts are always informative and up-to-date.

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To the startertutorials.com webmaster, Your posts are always well organized and easy to understand.

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Use Cases for Example ATM System

(click on a use case above to go to the flow of events for that use case), flows of events for individual use cases, system startup use case.

The system is started up when the operator turns the operator switch to the "on" position. The operator will be asked to enter the amount of money currently in the cash dispenser, and a connection to the bank will be established. Then the servicing of customers can begin.

[ Interaction Diagram ]

System Shutdown Use Case

The system is shut down when the operator makes sure that no customer is using the machine, and then turns the operator switch to the "off" position. The connection to the bank will be shut down. Then the operator is free to remove deposited envelopes, replenish cash and paper, etc.

Session Use Case

A session is started when a customer inserts an ATM card into the card reader slot of the machine. The ATM pulls the card into the machine and reads it. (If the reader cannot read the card due to improper insertion or a damaged stripe, the card is ejected, an error screen is displayed, and the session is aborted.) The customer is asked to enter his/her PIN, and is then allowed to perform one or more transactions, choosing from a menu of possible types of transaction in each case. After each transaction, the customer is asked whether he/she would like to perform another. When the customer is through performing transactions, the card is ejected from the machine and the session ends. If a transaction is aborted due to too many invalid PIN entries, the session is also aborted, with the card being retained in the machine.

The customer may abort the session by pressing the Cancel key when entering a PIN or choosing a transaction type.

Transaction Use Case

Note: Transaction is an abstract generalization. Each specific concrete type of transaction implements certain operations in the appropriate way. The flow of events given here describes the behavior common to all types of transaction. The flows of events for the individual types of transaction (withdrawal, deposit, transfer, inquiry) give the features that are specific to that type of transaction.

A transaction use case is started within a session when the customer chooses a transaction type from a menu of options. The customer will be asked to furnish appropriate details (e.g. account(s) involved, amount). The transaction will then be sent to the bank, along with information from the customer's card and the PIN the customer entered.

If the bank approves the transaction, any steps needed to complete the transaction (e.g. dispensing cash or accepting an envelope) will be performed, and then a receipt will be printed. Then the customer will be asked whether he/she wishes to do another transaction.

If the bank reports that the customer's PIN is invalid, the Invalid PIN extension will be performed and then an attempt will be made to continue the transaction. If the customer's card is retained due to too many invalid PINs, the transaction will be aborted, and the customer will not be offered the option of doing another.

If a transaction is cancelled by the customer, or fails for any reason other than repeated entries of an invalid PIN, a screen will be displayed informing the customer of the reason for the failure of the transaction, and then the customer will be offered the opportunity to do another.

The customer may cancel a transaction by pressing the Cancel key as described for each individual type of transaction below.

All messages to the bank and responses back are recorded in the ATM's log.

Withdrawal Transaction Use Case

A withdrawal transaction asks the customer to choose a type of account to withdraw from (e.g. checking) from a menu of possible accounts, and to choose a dollar amount from a menu of possible amounts. The system verifies that it has sufficient money on hand to satisfy the request before sending the transaction to the bank. (If not, the customer is informed and asked to enter a different amount.) If the transaction is approved by the bank, the appropriate amount of cash is dispensed by the machine before it issues a receipt. (The dispensing of cash is also recorded in the ATM's log.)

A withdrawal transaction can be cancelled by the customer pressing the Cancel key any time prior to choosing the dollar amount.

Deposit Transaction Use Case

A deposit transaction asks the customer to choose a type of account to deposit to (e.g. checking) from a menu of possible accounts, and to type in a dollar amount on the keyboard. The transaction is initially sent to the bank to verify that the ATM can accept a deposit from this customer to this account. If the transaction is approved, the machine accepts an envelope from the customer containing cash and/or checks before it issues a receipt. Once the envelope has been received, a second message is sent to the bank, to confirm that the bank can credit the customer's account - contingent on manual verification of the deposit envelope contents by an operator later. (The receipt of an envelope is also recorded in the ATM's log.)

A deposit transaction can be cancelled by the customer pressing the Cancel key any time prior to inserting the envelope containing the deposit. The transaction is automatically cancelled if the customer fails to insert the envelope containing the deposit within a reasonable period of time after being asked to do so.

Transfer Transaction Use Case

A transfer transaction asks the customer to choose a type of account to transfer from (e.g. checking) from a menu of possible accounts, to choose a different account to transfer to, and to type in a dollar amount on the keyboard. No further action is required once the transaction is approved by the bank before printing the receipt.

A transfer transaction can be cancelled by the customer pressing the Cancel key any time prior to entering a dollar amount.

Inquiry Transaction Use Case

An inquiry transaction asks the customer to choose a type of account to inquire about from a menu of possible accounts. No further action is required once the transaction is approved by the bank before printing the receipt.

An inquiry transaction can be cancelled by the customer pressing the Cancel key any time prior to choosing the account to inquire about.

Invalid PIN Extension

An invalid PIN extension is started from within a transaction when the bank reports that the customer's transaction is disapproved due to an invalid PIN. The customer is required to re-enter the PIN and the original request is sent to the bank again. If the bank now approves the transaction, or disapproves it for some other reason, the original use case is continued; otherwise the process of re-entering the PIN is repeated. Once the PIN is successfully re-entered, it is used for both the current transaction and all subsequent transactions in the session. If the customer fails three times to enter the correct PIN, the card is permanently retained, a screen is displayed informing the customer of this and suggesting he/she contact the bank, and the entire customer session is aborted.

If the customer presses Cancel instead of re-entering a PIN, the original transaction is cancelled.

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Class diagram for an ATM system: step-by-step guide

What is a class diagram and what is it used for?

Class diagrams are one of the most popular Unified Modeling Language diagrams . For over 20 years, the UML standard has provided software engineers with a standardized way to visualize and diagram systems before starting to code. Class diagrams are great for sketching a static overview of a system so that all stakeholders can make sure that their requirements will be met.

In a class diagram, each class acts as a template, or blueprint, for a type of object that can exist in the system. Each class has attributes and methods.

Make your own UML class diagram with Gleek .

Attributes are the characteristics of the class and represent data elements that will need to be stored for the class. Methods are the ways in which the class interacts with other classes and explain the types of communication or messages that will need to be created. Methods are also known as operations.

A class is represented in a class diagram as a rectangle with three different sections. The top part of the rectangle contains the name, the middle part contains attributes, and the bottom part contains methods.

Modeling an ATM system with a class diagram

Let’s create an example of a class diagram. We’ll use a bank ATM system so that we can model a few different interactions between classes. First, we need to work out what classes we need.

What classes do we need to create?

In the real world, each of these classes might have a lot more attributes and methods, but we’ll keep things simple and only model what we need.

We can start with the Bank class. The bank needs a code to identify it and an address. The methods that the bank class can use to interact with its ATM are manage and maintain.

In Gleek, you create a class by just typing the name of the class, hitting enter and then the tab key, and then adding your attributes and methods. You tell Gleek that something is a method by adding parentheses after it.

Check out Gleek's new article on How to create a university management system class diagram via Gleek AI chat .

The following simple lines of Gleek syntax is all you need to create a class for your class diagram.

The plus symbols just indicate that these attributes and methods are public. You can read more about this in our detailed look at UML class diagrams .

Next, we need to create an ATM at the bank. The ATM is managed by the bank and it has a location. Its methods are related to transactions, which it identifies and carries out.

We should add a line between the bank and ATM classes to show how they work together. That’s really easy in Gleek. Just type the following line after your classes.

The label “maintains” explains the relationship between the bank and the ATM, while the number one in curly brackets tells us about the cardinality of the relationship. In this case, a bank can have one ATM. You can read more about cardinality in our detailed class diagram page . Don’t be afraid to experiment if you want to try out all the different possible cardinality options. Gleek will suggest autocompleted syntax when you start typing, so that’s a great way to learn what works.

Every bank needs customers, so we’ll create the Customer class. Customers need a name and an address. The relationship between the bank and the customer is that the bank has customers.

Here’s the syntax for that in Gleek.

And here’s the resulting diagram.

Now that you’re familiar with the Gleek syntax, let’s just create each class. You can explore the full syntax for the diagram in the example at the end.

The only method for the customer is to own an account and to own a debit card. Let’s create those two now. An account is owned by a customer and also has a type, such as savings or checking. It has a method to enable it to check the account balance.

The DebitCard class has a card number and is also owned by a customer. Its method enables it to access the ATM and therefore the account.

Now we need to model the transactions that can take place when the customer uses the ATM.

The base class for this is ATMTransaction. It has three attributes: transaction ID, date, and type. Its method is to update.

Let’s imagine that the customer can perform two different types of transactions. They can withdraw funds or they can transfer funds to another account.

For the first, we need a WithdrawalTransaction class. That has an amount attribute and a withdrawal method. The second is covered by a TransferTransaction class. This also has an amount attribute, but in addition it has an account number attribute so that the customer can send the money to a different account.

These last two classes are special, because they share the ATMTransaction class as their parent class. That means that they can inherit functionality from the parent class. For instance, these transactions can make use of the update method to interact with the account class. You can show inheritance in a class diagram by using solid arrows.

If you want to learn more about how different lines and arrows can represent different relationships in a class diagram, check out our blog post about UML class diagram arrow types .

Putting it all together in an ATM class diagram

We have all the classes we need, so our finished class diagram now models the interaction between the bank, a customer, the ATM, and the customer account.

The bank class has customers and it maintains the ATM.

The customer owns an account and also owns a debit card.

The ATM identifies an active ATM transaction and the transaction can in turn modify the customer account.

And here’s the finished diagram, with all relationships included.

So that’s a basic class diagram that shows you how easy it is to sketch out how a system works! If you’re curious about the rest of the syntax, you can edit this example yourself over on Gleek.io. Try it out and see if you can add any other classes or interactions that might be needed by our imaginary bank and customer. Check another example on the ATM withdrawal sequence diagram .

Learn more on how to create a class diagram in our tutorials for Library management and Restaurant management systems .

University management system class diagram with Gleek AI chat

Hospital management system class diagram using Gleek App

UML class diagram arrow types: explanations and examples

How do we create a Class diagram for a Library Management system?

UML relationships explained: Dependency, Realization, Association

Restaurant management system class diagram from scratch

UML diagram types: everything you need to know

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Library Management System

A use case diagram is a visual representation of a user's potential interactions with a system. Other diagram styles are frequently used in combination with it to illustrate the various use cases and user types the system has. A library management system use case is demonstrated in the template above. It demonstrates the procedures involved in operations including borrowing and returning books, managing the library's collection, and monitoring library users' actions.

You can easily edit this template using Creately's use case diagram tool . You can export it in multiple formats like JPEG, PNG and SVG and easily add it to Word documents, Powerpoint (PPT) presentations, Excel or any other documents. You can export it as a PDF for high-quality printouts.

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Automated Teller Machine (ATM) is a self-service banking machine that enables users to perform various banking transactions, including withdrawing money, checking their account balance, depositing money, and recording transactions.

The Withdraw Money use case allows users to withdraw cash from their account using the ATM. The user selects the withdraw money option , enters the desired amount, and the machine dispenses the cash. This use case is a vital feature of any ATM system as it allows users to access their funds easily and conveniently.

The Check Balance use case allows users to view their account balance at the ATM. The user selects the check balance option , and the system displays the account balance on the screen. This use case helps users to keep track of their finances and make informed decisions about their spending.

The Check Pin use case allows users to verify their identity by entering their Personal Identification Number (PIN) at the ATM . The user enters their PIN , and the system verifies it against the stored PIN in the database. This use case is a critical security feature of the ATM system as it ensures that only authorized users can access their account.

The Deposit Money use case allows users to deposit cash or checks into their account using the ATM. The user selects the deposit money option , enters the amount and inserts the cash or check into the machine. The system verifies the deposit and credits the user's account. This use case provides users with a convenient and secure way of depositing their funds into their account.

Benefits of creating this diagram

Creating a use case diagram for an ATM system offers several benefits. Firstly, it provides a clear and concise overview of the various features and functionalities of the system, which can aid in the development process. The diagram helps to identify the different use cases involved in the system, their relationships, and dependencies. This information is useful in designing the system's architecture, developing the user interface, and identifying potential issues early in the development process.

Secondly, the use case diagram can be used as a communication tool between the development team and stakeholders. The diagram provides a common vocabulary for discussing the system's requirements and functionality. Stakeholders can easily understand the system's features and functionalities, which helps to ensure that the system meets their needs. Additionally, the use case diagram can be used to manage user expectations by setting realistic goals for the system's development.

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Case Study: Library Management System

October 18, 2023

explain case study of atm library management system

The Library Management System is a simple Python program that emulates the core functionalities of a library, including adding books, displaying the book catalog, lending books, and returning books. This case study presents a straightforward implementation of a library management system for educational and organizational purposes.

Objectives:

To create a text-based library management system for managing a collection of books.
To allow users to add books to the library catalog.
To provide users with a list of available books.
To enable users to borrow and return books.

Implementation:

The Library Management System consists of the following components:

Library Class: The Library class serves as the core of the system and contains methods for adding books, displaying the catalog, lending books, and returning books. It uses a dictionary to store book information.
Main Function: The main function initiates the library system and presents a menu to users for performing actions like adding books, displaying books, lending books, and returning books.

Case Study Steps:

Launch the Library Management System.
The system displays a welcome message, and the main menu is presented to the user.
Add a Book (Option 1): Users can add books to the library catalog by providing the book’s title and author.
Display Books (Option 2): Users can view the list of books in the library catalog.
Lend a Book (Option 3): Users can borrow a book by specifying the title and their name. The system checks for book availability and records the borrower’s name.
Return a Book (Option 4): Users can return a borrowed book by providing the book’s title and their name. The system verifies the book’s status and updates it.
Exit (Option 0): Users can exit the library management system.
The system processes user inputs, executes the chosen action, and provides appropriate feedback.

Conclusion:

The Library Management System presented in this case study offers a simplified way to manage a library’s book catalog. It is suitable for educational purposes and provides the core features necessary for a basic library system, such as adding, displaying, lending, and returning books. Further development could include features like due dates, user authentication, and storing book information in a database for a more comprehensive library management system.

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UML Diagram Examples

Here we provide several UML diagrams of different types, all part of a Bank ATM model.

Purpose : Describe use cases that an automated teller machine (ATM) or the automatic banking machine (ABM) provides to the bank customers.

Summary : Customer uses a bank ATM to check balances of his/her bank accounts, deposit funds, withdraw cash and/or transfer funds (use cases). ATM Technician provides maintenance and repairs to the ATM.

Bank ATM UML use case diagrams examples.

Purpose : Domain model describing common types of bank accounts.

Summary : This example shows several subtypes of Bank Account using UML generalization sets . Bank accounts could be grouped into UML generalization sets based on different criteria. Example diagram shows bank accounts topology with two orthogonal dimensions and with corresponding power types Liability Type and Account Type.

Bank account domain UML class diagram example.

Purpose : Show internal structure of a bank ATM and relationships between different parts of the ATM.

Summary : Bank ATM is typically made up of several devices such as central processor unit (CPU), cryptoprocessor, memory, customer display, function key buttons (usually located near the display), magnetic and/or smartchip card reader, encrypting PIN Pad, customer receipt printer, vault, modem.

Bank ATM UML composite structure diagram example.

Purpose : An example of UML behavioral state machine diagram describing Bank Automated Teller Machine (ATM) top level state machine.

Summary : ATM is initially turned off. After the power is turned on, ATM performs startup action and enters Self Test state. If the test fails, ATM goes into Out of Service state, otherwise there is triggerless transition to the Idle state. In this state ATM waits for customer interaction.

Bank ATM behavioral state machine UML diagram example.

Component Diagram for ATM System | UML

Component diagram for atm system.

The component diagram of ATM system is used to show how the system components work together to make the ATM operate correctly. A component diagram shows how the software’s parts are organized and how they depend on each other. This diagram gives a high-level look at the parts of a system.

ATM System Component Diagram: Table of contents

Component diagram for atm system : details.


:	The is used in object-oriented programming to group classes together based on their common purpose. This way, the developer and others can see how a project is progressing at a high level.
:	Component Diagram
:	Bank Admin, Employee, and Card Holders.
:	Diagraming Tools that have UML Component Diagram Symbols
:	ITSourceCode.com

Component Diagram of ATM System Description

The ATM system is specialized software that aids in managing a bank account or holder’s funds simply. Users can check account balances, make cash withdrawals or deposits, print a record of account activities or transactions, and even purchase stamps via the system.

Customers can utilize the ATM system to conduct self-service transactions such as deposits, cash withdrawals, bill payments, and account transfers. The bank where the account is stored, the ATM operator, or both, frequently levy cash withdrawal fees.

These statements were collected as the information concepts in developing the component diagram. The concept formulated will be applied to the component diagram illustration.

What is ATM System Component Diagram in UML?

A component diagram in the (UML) Unified Modeling Language shows how parts are wired together to make bigger parts or software systems. They are used to show the structure of any kind of system.

The UML component diagram shows how an ATM system will be made up of a set of deployable components, such as dynamic-link library (DLL) files, executable files, or web services. Using well-defined interfaces, these parts communicate with each other and keep their internal details hidden from each other and the outside world.

The Component Diagram for ATM System

This component diagram of ATM system is the illustration of the components of every hardware and software node. The component diagram below is a detailed illustration of the Deployment Diagram fo r ATM System.

ATM System Component Diagram (Explanation)

The component diagram of ATM system has 8 components which are the account database, transaction database, balance inquiry, withdraw, deposit, loan, card, and the user. The components under the ATM system are the required interface at the same time are provided interface which serves as the provider for the transaction database and required for the accounts database.

ATM System Component Diagram Pdf

Characteristics of component diagram:, benefits of using component diagram, steps in developing component diagram for atm system.

Here are the steps in developing the ATM system component diagram.

You need to know the diagrams used to design and develop the ATM System . This method is to perfectly create a fully-functional system without unwanted errors and avoid mistakes in development. A component diagram will help you know the components of software and hardware that the project should possess. Not only that, you will find out the needed consideration for the software to work perfectly.

Library Management System Project | Software Development

Library Management System is one of the most common software development projects till date. In this article, we are going to make the Library Management System software development project, from scratch, for final year students. We will be covering all the steps you have to do while developing this project.

Library Management System | Software Development Project

How to create a Library Management System Project?

Table of Content

Step 1- Team Formation Phase: Creating a Dynamic Team

Step 2- Topic Selection

Step 3- Project Synopsys for Library Management System
Step 4- Requirement Gathering (Creating SRS for Library Mangement System)
Software Requirement Specification (SRS) Document Template
4.1 SRS (Library Mangement System) | Introduction:
4.2 SRS (Library Mangement System) | Overall Description:
4.3 SRS (Library Mangement System) | Designing Library Management System :
4.3.1 Use case Diagram for Library Management System:
4.3.2 ER Model of Library Management System:
4.3.3 Data Flow Diagram of Library Management System:
4.4 Functional Requirements | SRS (Library Mangement System)

4.5 Non Functional Requirements | SRS (Library Mangement System)

4.6 SRS (Library Mangement System) | Appendices:
5. Coding or Implementation of Library Mangement System
5.1 Implementing Library Mangement System | Environment Creation:
5.2 Implementing Library Mangement System | Database Creation:
5.3 Implementing Library Mangement System | Frontend and Backend Development:
5.3.1 Step 1: Creation of Login page Module:
5.3.2 Step 2: Creation of User Dashboard Module:
5.3.3 Step 3: Creation of Admin Dashboard Module:
5.3.4 Step 4: Creation of Add/Manage Book Module:
5.3.5 Step 5: Creation of Add/Manage Book Category Module:
5.3.6 Step 6: Creation of Issue Book Module:

Step 6- Testing Library Mangement System

Step 7- creating project presentation on library management system:.

Step 8- Writing a Research Paper on Library Management System:

A Project Development is a multiphase process in which each and every process are equally important. Here in this post we are also going to develop our Library Management System Project in multiple phases, such as:

Team Formation
Topic Selection
Creating Project Synopsys
Requirement Gathering
Coding or Implementation
Project Presentation
Writing a Research Paper

Let us look into the steps one by one.

Team formation for a final year project is a crucial aspect that can significantly impact the success and efficiency of the project. In the final year, students often have diverse academic backgrounds, skills, and interests. Therefore, forming a well-balanced team becomes essential to leverage the strengths of each member and address any potential weaknesses.

In Our project as we will be exploring about web application for Library Management system project so we will be required below skill sets.

Front end Developer
Back end Developer
Devops Developer

Team-Formation-Phase-Library-Management-System

Step 1- Team Formation Phase

While making our library management system project this will be our second step in which we will find an interesting problem statement and try to generate an idea to solve that problem using our knowledge.

Choose a topic related to your field of study that is of great interest to you. It is advised that you pick a topic that has a powerful motive. For instance, a project that helps humankind will truly be unmatched. Another factor to keep in mind is to choose topics that aren’t very common.

You Can Pick some of the unique Software Development Ideas from Top 50 Software Development Ideas for Beginners article.

Topic Planning : In this phase team will gather and try to search a topic or problem statement by brainstorming , reverse thinking or any other strategy and select a problem which is challenging in nature and solvable by using their combined knowledge of tech.
Defining & Set Objective: After planning the problem statement we will define clear problem statement and its objectives.

Result : In the end of this phase we will be having a problem statement for our project.

In our example we are selecting the topic ” Library Management System ” .

After the selection of the topic we are going to start our project work in the following steps:

Step 3- Synopsys for Library Management System Project

A project synopsis serves as a concise overview or summary of a proposed project, offering a brief but comprehensive insight into its objectives, scope, methodology, and expected outcomes. It typically acts as a preliminary document, providing supervisors, or evaluators with a quick understanding of the project before they delve into more detailed documentation.

Synopsys of Library Management System Project

The project synopsis usually includes key elements such as the project title , problem statement or context , objectives , scope and limitations , methodology or approach , expected outcomes , and the significance of the project in the broader context. It serves as a roadmap, guiding readers through the fundamental aspects of the project and helping them grasp its purpose and potential impact.

Below are some of the points we have to cover in the synopsis report : Project Title Introduction of Project Problem Statement Proposed Solution Objective of the Project Scope of the Project Methodologies used ER Model Use case Diagram Dataflow Diagram Features of the project For Users For Admin Impact of the project Limitations of the project Future scope of the project

Let’s create a Synopsys Report for Library Management System Project:

3.1 Introduction | Synopsys for Library Management System Project

A Library Management System (LMS) is a software application that simplifies and automates the operations of libraries. It is a complete system for managing library duties such as purchases, member management, monitoring, storing, and circulation. The primary objective of an LMS is to properly organize and manage the resources available in a library, making it easier for librarians to conduct everyday operations and create a user-friendly experience for users.

3.1.1 Problem Statement for Library Management System Project :

Conventional libraries are having difficulty integrating various formats, including multimedia and e-resources, because of outdated management systems. Inefficient cataloguing, resource tracking bottlenecks, and a lack of analytics tools hinder librarians from optimizing collections and improving user experiences. To close the gap, libraries require a modern library management system with an intuitive interface, effective cataloguing, and analytics capabilities to resurrect libraries as vibrant centres of knowledge and community involvement in the digital era.

3.1.2 Proposed Solution for Library management system Project :

To solve the traditional issue we are building a W eb development project of library management system using Html , Bootstrap , Php and MYSQL in which we will be providing User-friendly interface for easy navigation , Efficient book search functionality , seamless book issuance and return policy , automated tracking of library activities, Regular maintenance of book availability records and Secure login and access control managed by the admin.

3.1.3 Objective of the Project:

The objective of the Library Management System (LMS) project is to design and implement an efficient and user-friendly system that automates the various tasks associated with managing a library.

The primary goals of the project include:

Efficient Book Management: Streamlining the process of book acquisition, cataloguing, and tracking to ensure an organized and easily accessible collection.
User-Friendly Interface: Developing an intuitive and user-friendly interface for library staff and patrons to facilitate easy navigation, quick retrieval of information, and seamless interaction with the system.
Automation of Processes: Automating routine library tasks such as book check-in and check-out, reservation management, and overdue notifications to improve operational efficiency and reduce manual workload.
Inventory Management: Implementing a robust inventory management system to monitor stock levels, identify popular titles, and facilitate timely reordering of books to maintain a well-stocked library.
Enhanced Search and Retrieval: Implementing an advanced search mechanism to allow users to quickly locate books, authors, or genres, promoting a more efficient and enjoyable library experience.
User Account Management: Providing features for patrons to create accounts, track their borrowing history, and manage personal preferences, fostering a personalized and user-centric library experience.
Reporting and Analytics: Incorporating reporting tools to generate insights into library usage, popular genres, and circulation trends, enabling informed decision-making for library administrators.
Security and Access Control: Implementing robust security measures to protect sensitive library data and incorporating access controls to ensure that only authorized personnel have access to specific functionalities.
Integration with Other Systems: Offering the flexibility for integration with other academic or administrative systems to create a cohesive and interconnected information ecosystem within the institution.
Scalability: Designing the system to be scalable, allowing for easy expansion and adaptation to the evolving needs of the library as it grows over time.

By achieving these objectives, the Library Management System project aims to enhance the overall efficiency, accessibility, and user satisfaction of the library services, ultimately contributing to an enriched learning and research environment within the institution.

3.1.4 Scope of the Project:

It may help collecting perfect management in details . In a very short time the collection will be obvious simple and sensible. it will help a person to know the management of passed year perfectly and vividly. it also helps in current all works relative to library management system project. It will reduce the cost of collecting the management and collection procedure will go on smoothly.

The scope of the project of library management system typically covers the following aspects:

Book Management: The system should cover tasks related to book acquisition, cataloguing, and organization within the library.
User Management: Creating and managing user accounts, handling patron information, and providing authentication for library services.
Circulation Management: Automating the process of book check-in, check-out, and reservation to streamline circulation activities.
Search and Retrieval: Implementing a robust search mechanism for users to quickly locate books, authors, and other library resources.
Reporting and Analytics: Generating reports on library usage, circulation trends, and popular genres to aid decision-making.
Security and Access Control: Ensuring the security of sensitive data and implementing access controls to manage user privileges.
Usability: Ensuring a user-friendly interface that promotes ease of navigation and a positive user experience for both library staff and patrons.
Scalability: Designing the system to accommodate growth in the library’s collection and user base over time.
Performance: Meeting performance standards to ensure timely response and efficient processing of library transactions.
Reliability: Building a reliable system that minimizes downtime and ensures the continuous availability of library services.
Security: Incorporating robust security measures to protect against unauthorized access, data breaches, and other security threats.

3.2 Methodologies | Synopsys for Library Management System Project

In LMS we are using various technologies and new methodologies to solve our problems. Below are the detailed description about the technology used and methods we are applying in our project.

Technology Used:

Here we are developing a Library Management System (LMS) using HTML , Bootstrap for the frontend, and MySQL , PHP , and JavaScript for the backend involves a structured methodology.

ER Model of Library Management System Project:

An Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD) for a Library Management System (LMS) models the entities and their relationships within the system. Below is a simplified ERD for a Library Management System. In Synopsys we make a rough ER Diagram to give a idea about the working of the project.

Let’s Draw an ER Model of Library Management System Project :

ER Model of Library Management System Project

Book: Attributes: ISBN (Primary Key), Title, Author, Genre, Published Year, Copies Available, etc.
Readers: Attributes: User ID (Primary Key), Name, Email, Address, Phone Number, etc.
Staff: Attributes: Staff ID (Primary Key), Name, etc.
Authentication System: Attributes: Login ID (Primary Key) and Password
Publisher: Attributes: Publisher ID (Primary Key) , Year of Publication, Name, etc.
Reports: Attributes: Reg No(Primary Key), User ID, Book No, Issue/Return

Relationships:

A Reader can borrow multiple books.
A Book can be borrowed by multiple Readers.
Attributes: Borrow Date, Return Date
A Staff member manages the catalogue, which includes adding, updating, or removing books.
A Book is managed by a Staff member.
Attributes: Management Date, Operation Type (Add/Update/Remove)
A Staff member issues library cards to Readers.
A Reader can have only one Staff member issuing their card.
Attributes: Issue Date, Expiry Date
The Authentication System authenticates Staff and Readers during the login process.
Attributes: Last Login Date, Login Attempts
A Book is published by a Publisher.
A Publisher can have multiple books.
Attributes: Publication Date
A Report is generated for transactions involving Readers and Books.
Attributes: Generation Date, Report Type (Issue/Return)

Data Flow Diagram of Library Management System Project:

Data Flow Diagram (DFD) serves as a visual representation of the flow of information within the system. This diagram illustrates how data, such as book information, user details, and transaction records, moves between various components of the LMS.

Processes , represented by circles or ovals, Depict activities such as book issuance, returns, and cataloguing.
Data stores , depicted by rectangles, represent where information is stored, including databases housing book records.
Data flows , indicated by arrows, showcase how data moves between processes, data stores, and external entities like library patrons.

The DFD provides a concise yet comprehensive overview of the LMS’s data flow and interactions, aiding in the analysis, design, and communication of the system’s functional aspects.

Data Flow Diagram of Library Management System Project

Use Case Diagram of Library Management System Project:

Use case diagram referred as a Behaviour model or diagram. It simply describes and displays the relation or interaction between the users or customers and providers of application service or the system. It describes different actions that a system performs in collaboration to achieve something with one or more users of the system. Use case diagram is used a lot nowadays to manage the system.

Here is a Use Case Diagram for Library Management System Project :

Use Case Diagram for Library Management System Project

3.3 Features | Synopsys for Library Management System Project

The proposed Library Management System (LMS) is designed to simplify the day-to-day activities of a library, providing features for both users and administrators.

We will have following features for a User:

This feature allows new users (students, teachers, etc.) to sign up for the system by providing the necessary details.
This feature Provides authenticated access for registered users to use the system.
This feature allow users to search for books based on criteria such as book ID, book name, or author name, enhancing the ease of locating desired materials.
This feature allow users in borrowing books from the library by recording the transaction and updating the availability status.
This feature allows users to return books either before the due date or after the specified time with a late fine, ensuring proper management of borrowed materials.
This feature allows librarians to enter various records into the system, such as book issuances, returns, and non-availability of books.
This feature allow librarians to keep track of the library’s books by adding new books or removing them.
This feature allow librarians to keep track of number of students and their details.
This feature allows librarians to view all Issued books with their status.
This feature allows librarians to show the details of the student who did not return the books before the deadline.

Authentication and Authorization:

The system implements a secure login mechanism for users, and administrators. The admin has the authority to manage user access and ensure data integrity.

3.4 Impact | Synopsys for Library Management System Project

The proposed Library Management System (LMS) , developed using MySQL and Java NetBeans, is expected to have a substantial impact on real-life library operations, benefiting both librarians and patrons in several ways:

Enhanced User Experience: The user-friendly interface facilitates easy navigation, making it more convenient for library patrons to search for and access resources. This improved experience is likely to encourage greater library utilization.
Time Efficiency: The efficient book search functionality and seamless book issuance and return process significantly reduce the time spent by both librarians and patrons. Quick transactions and streamlined processes contribute to a more time-efficient library environment.
Automated Tracking for Efficiency: Automation of library activities, such as tracking book transactions and due dates, enhances operational efficiency. Librarians can focus on more strategic tasks, and patrons benefit from timely reminders and notifications, reducing instances of late returns.
Accurate Book Availability Records: The regular maintenance of accurate book availability records ensures that the library’s collection remains up-to-date. Patrons can trust the system to provide reliable information on the availability of specific titles, contributing to a more satisfying library experience.
Improved Security and Access Control: The implementation of secure login and access control measures ensures the integrity and confidentiality of library data. Librarians can manage user access efficiently, and patrons can trust that their personal information is secure, fostering trust in the system.
Resource Optimization: With the ability to track library activities and user preferences, librarians can optimize the library’s resources. This includes restocking popular titles, identifying underutilized resources, and making informed decisions about future acquisitions, ultimately enhancing the library’s overall value.
Adaptation to Modern Technologies: The integration of barcode or RFID technology brings the library into the modern age, aligning it with current technological trends. This not only improves the efficiency of book transactions but also showcases the library’s commitment to staying relevant in the digital era.

3.5 Limitations | Synopsys for Library Management System Project

Library Management System (LMS) can offer many benefits, it may also have certain limitations. Here are some potential constraints associated with such a system:

Limited Scalability: Depending on the design and architecture, scalability might be limited, making it challenging to handle a significant increase in users or data volume.
Performance Issues: Large datasets or complex queries may result in slower performance, especially if optimization techniques are not adequately implemented.
Security Concerns: Without careful attention to security practices, there might be vulnerabilities such as SQL injection or cross-site scripting, posing risks to data integrity and user privacy.
Offline Accessibility: A web-based LMS may have limitations in providing offline access to resources, which could be a constraint in environments with intermittent or no internet connectivity.
Browser Compatibility: Compatibility issues may arise across different browsers, requiring additional effort to ensure a consistent user experience.
Limited User Interface Customization: HTML and CSS provide styling capabilities, but achieving highly customized and dynamic user interfaces might be more challenging compared to frameworks with extensive UI libraries.
Dependency on JavaScript: If users disable JavaScript in their browsers, certain interactive features might not function correctly, affecting the overall user experience.
Complexity in Real-time Updates: Real-time updates, such as simultaneous editing or live notifications, may require more advanced technologies (like WebSocket) and could add complexity to the system.
Dependency on Server-Side Processing: Heavy reliance on server-side processing with PHP might lead to increased server loads, affecting response times, especially during peak usage periods.
Limited Mobile Responsiveness: While Bootstrap and CSS can enhance mobile responsiveness, ensuring a seamless experience across all devices may require additional effort and testing.

To mitigate these limitations, it’s essential to continuously monitor and update the system, follow best practices in coding and security, and consider adopting additional technologies or frameworks based on evolving project requirements. Regular testing and user feedback can also help identify and address potential constraints.

3.6 Future Scope | Synopsys for Library Management System Project

The future scope of a Library Management System (LMS) developed using HTML, CSS, JS, PHP, and MySQL is promising, with opportunities for enhancement and expansion. Some potential future avenues for the project include:

Integration of Advanced Technologies: Explore the integration of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) for intelligent book recommendations, predictive analytics, and user behaviour analysis.
Mobile Applications: Develop dedicated mobile applications for iOS and Android platforms to provide a more seamless and tailored user experience on smartphones and tablets.
Enhanced User Interactivity: Implement more interactive features, such as real-time collaboration, chat support, and discussion forums, to foster a sense of community among library patrons.
Accessibility Improvements: Focus on enhancing accessibility features to ensure inclusivity for users with diverse needs, including those with disabilities. This could involve compliance with accessibility standards and guidelines.
Blockchain Integration: Explore the potential of integrating blockchain technology for secure and transparent management of transactions, user data, and digital rights management.
E-learning Integration: Integrate e-learning functionalities, allowing users to access educational materials, tutorials, and multimedia content directly through the LMS.
Data Analytics for Decision-Making: Implement advanced data analytics tools to derive insights into library usage patterns, user preferences, and popular resources. This data-driven approach can inform decision-making for collection development and resource allocation.
Multi-language Support: Expand the system’s reach by incorporating multi-language support to cater to diverse user populations and potentially attract a global user base.
Enhanced Security Measures: Stay abreast of evolving cybersecurity threats and implement advanced security measures to safeguard user data and ensure the integrity of the system.
Customization Options: Provide users with more customization options, allowing them to personalize their profiles, preferences, and interface settings for a tailored experience.
Voice Recognition and AI Assistants: Explore the integration of voice recognition technology and AI-driven virtual assistants to enable hands-free interactions and enhance the overall user experience.
Collaboration with External Systems: Collaborate with external systems, such as publishers or other libraries, to expand the availability of resources and streamline inter-library loans.
User Feedback Mechanisms: Strengthen user feedback mechanisms to continuously gather input on system performance, identify areas for improvement, and enhance user satisfaction.

After Creating Synopsys of our project we will start building Software Requirement Specification for our project , which will be out next phase .

Step 4- Requirement Gathering (Creating SRS for Library Management System)

This is the next phase after the submission of the synopsis report. We can do this process before the Synopsys report creation as well , It is all depends upon the project and their requirements. Here after getting an overview about the project now we can easily do the requirement gathering for our project.

Requirement analysis, also known as requirements engineering or elicitation, is a critical phase in the software development process. It involves gathering , documenting , and analysing the needs and constraints of a project to define its scope and guide subsequent development.

Requirement Gathering & Designing Phase in Library Management System Project

We develop a detailed Software Requirement Specification for Library Management System Project , in this process which will have all the details about the project from Technical to Non Technical Requirements.

Software Requirement Specification (SRS) Document | Library Management System Project

Below are some of the key points in a Software Requirement Specification Document:

Introduction Purpose Scope References Overall Description Product Perspective Product Function User Classes and characteristics Operating Environment Assumptions and Dependencies Functional Requirements Software Requirements Hardware Requirements Database Requirements Non-Functional Requirement Usability Requirements Security Requirements Availability Requirements Scalability Requirements Performance Requirements Design Control Flow Diagram ER Model of LMS Use Case Diagram System Features

Note : To know more about What is a SRS Document or How to write a good SRS for your Project follow these articles.

Let’s Start building a Software Requirement Specification for Library Management System Project Document for our project:

4.1 SRS (Library Management System) | Introduction:

4.1.1 purpose:.

The main objective of this document is to illustrate the requirements of the project Library Management system. The document gives the detailed description of the both functional and non-functional requirements proposed by the client.

The purpose of this project is to provide a friendly environment to maintain the details of books and library members also this project maintains easy circulation system using computers and to provide different reports. It describes the hardware and software interface requirements using ER Models and UML diagrams.

4.1.2 Scope of the Project:

Library Management System Project is basically updating the manual library system into an internet-based web application so that the users can know the details of their accounts, availability of books and maximum limit for borrowing and many more features.

The project is specifically designed for the use of librarians and library users. The product will work as a complete user interface for library management process and library usage from ordinary users. Library Management System can be used by any existing or new library to manage its books and book borrowing, insertion and monitoring. It is especially useful for any educational institute where modifications in the content can be done easily according to requirements.

The project can be easily implemented under various situations. We can add new features as and when we require, making reusability possible as there is flexibility in all the modules. The language used for developing the project is Html, Bootstrap and php and mysql for backend. In terms of performance, tools available, cross platform compatibility, libraries, cost (freely available), and development process these languages are pretty compatible.

4.1.3 References:

Software Requirements (Microsoft) Second Edition By Karl E. Wiegers
Fundamentals of Database System By Elmasri
Software Requirements and Specifications: A Lexicon of Practice, Principles and Prejudices (ACM Press) by Michael Jackson
Fundamentals of Software Engineering By Rajib Mall
Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach Fifth Edition By Roger S. Pressman

4.2 SRS (Library Management System) | Overall Description:

4.2.1 product perspective:.

LMS is a replacement for the ordinary library management systems which depend on paper work for recording book and users’ information. LMS will provide an advanced book search mechanism and will make it easy to borrow, insert and index a book in the library.

4.2.2 Product Functions:

Authentication and authorization system:, 4.2.3 class diagram and characteristics:.

Class Diagram for Library Management System simply describes structure of Library Management System class, attributes, methods or operations, relationship among objects.

Class Diagram for Library Management System Project

Aggregation and Multiplicity are two important points that need to take into consideration while designing a Class Diagram. Let us understand in detail.

Aggregation:

Aggregation simply shows a relationship where one thing can exist independently of other thing. It means to create or compose different abstractions together in defining a class.
Aggregation is represented as a part of relationship in class diagram. In diagram given below, we can see that aggregation is represented by an edge with a diamond end pointing towards superclass.
The “Library Management System” is superclass that consists of various classes. These classes are User, Book, and Librarian as shown in diagram. Further, for “Account” class, “User” is a superclass. All of these, share a relationship and these relationships are known as aggregate relationships.

Multiplicity:

Multiplicity means that number of elements of a class is associated with another class. These relations can be one-to-one, many-to-many, and many-to-one or one-to-many. For denoting one element we use 1 , for zero elements we use 0 , and for many elements we use * .
We can see in diagram; many users are associated with many books denoted by * and this represents a many-to-many type of relationship. One user has only one account that is denoted by 1 and this represents a one-to-one type of relationship.
Many books are associated with one librarian and this represents many-to-one or one-to-many type of relationship. All these relationships are shown in diagram.

4.2.4 General Constraints:

The information of all users, books and libraries must be stored in a database that is accessible by the website.
MS SQL Server will be used as SQL engine and database.
The Online Library System is running 24 hours a day.
Users may access LMS from any computer that has Internet browsing capabilities and an Internet connection.
Users must have their correct usernames and passwords to enter into their online accounts and do actions.

4.2.5 Assumptions and Dependencies:

The assumptions are:-

The Coding should be error free.
The system should be user-friendly so that it is easy to use for the users .
The information of all users, books and libraries must be stored in a database that is accessible by the website .
The system should have more storage capacity and provide fast access to the database.
The system should provide search facility and support quick transactions.
The Library System is running 24 hours a day .
Users must have their correct usernames and passwords to enter into their online accounts and do actions .

The Dependencies are:-

The specific hardware and software due to which the product will be run.
On the basis of listing requirements and specification the project will be developed and run.
The end users (admin) should have proper understanding of the product.
The system should have the general report stored.
The information of all the users must be stored in a database that is accessible by the Library System.
Any update regarding the book from the library is to be recorded to the database and the data entered should be correct.

4.3 SRS (Library Mangement System) | Designing Library Management System Project:

Use case diagram for library management system project:.

Use Case Diagram of Library Management System Project

This is a broad level diagram of the project showing a basic overview. The users can be either staff or student. This System will provide a search functionality to facilitate the search of resources. This search will be based on various categories . Further the library staff personal can add/update the resources and the resource users from the system. The users of the system can request issue/renew/return of books for which they would have to follow certain criteria.

ER Diagram is known as Entity-Relationship Diagram, it is used to analyze the structure of the Database. It shows relationships between entities and their attributes. An ER Model provides a means of communication.

The Library Management System project database keeps track of readers with the following considerations –

The system keeps track of the staff with a single point authentication system comprising login Id and password.
Staff maintains the book catalogue with its ISBN, Book title, price(in INR), category(novel, general, story), edition, author Number and details.
A publisher has publisher Id, Year when the book was published, and name of the book.
Readers are registered with their user_id, email, name (first name, last name), Phone no (multiple entries allowed), communication address. The staff keeps track of readers.
Readers can return/reserve books that stamps with issue date and return date. If not returned within the prescribed time period, it may have a due date too.
Staff also generate reports that has readers id, registration no of report, book no and return/issue info.

Let’s draw an ER Model of Library Management System :

Entities and their Attributes –

Book Entity : It has authno, isbn number, title, edition, category, price. ISBN is the Primary Key for Book Entity.
Reader Entity : It has UserId, Email, address, phone no, name. Name is composite attribute of firstname and lastname. Phone no is multi valued attribute. UserId is the Primary Key for Readers entity.
Publisher Entity : It has PublisherId, Year of publication, name. PublisherID is the Primary Key.
Authentication System Entity : It has LoginId and password with LoginID as Primary Key.
Reports Entity : It has UserId, Reg_no, Book_no, Issue/Return date. Reg_no is the Primary Key of reports entity.
Staff Entity : It has name and staff_id with staff_id as Primary Key.
Reserve/Return Relationship Set : It has three attributes: Reserve date, Due date, Return date.

Relationships between Entities –

A reader can reserve N books but one book can be reserved by only one reader. The relationship 1:N.
A publisher can publish many books but a book is published by only one publisher. The relationship 1:N.
Staff keeps track of readers. The relationship is M:N.
Staff maintains multiple reports. The relationship 1:N.
Staff maintains multiple Books. The relationship 1:N.
Authentication system provides login to multiple staffs. The relation is 1:N.
Let’s draw an Data Flow Diagram of Library Management System Project:

4.4 Functional Requirements | SRS (Library Management System)

The LMS must have the following functional requirements:

The LMS should store all information about librarian and other users (student students and faculty members) like their login info , books issued etc.
The LMS should store all information about the books and users in two separated databases.
The LMS should allow searching books / journals by author, title , keywords or availability.
The LMS should generate request’s reports for librarian , upon which he/she could make decisions about accepting / rejecting the requests.
The LMS should provide the module to Issue or return the books.
The LMS should provide modules to search request and renew books .
The Admin must be able to add/remove/manage books or users.

4.4.1 Software Requirements:

This software package is developed using html , bootstrap for front end . Php and MY SQL Server as the back end to store the database for backend we are using Xampp server.

Operating System : Windows 7, 8, 9, 10 .
Language : Html , Css , Javascript , Php , sql
Database : MS SQL Server (back end)

4.4.2 Hardware Requirements:

Processor : Intel core i3 or above for a stable experience and fast retrieval of data.
Hard Disk : 40GB and above
RAM : 256 MB or more, recommended 2 GB for fast reading and writing capabilities which will result in better performance time.

4.5.1 Usability Requirements:

Our user interface should be interactive simple and easy to understand . The system should prompt for the user and administrator to login to the application for proper input criteria.
Library management system shall handle expected and non – expected errors in ways that prevent loss in information and long downtime period.

4.5.2 Security Requirements:

System should use secured Database.
Normal users can just read information but they cannot edit or modify anything except their personal and some other information.
System will have different types of users and every user has access constraints.
Proper user authentication should be provided.
No one should be able to hack users password .
There should be separate accounts for admin and members such that no member can access the database and only admin has the rights to update the database.

4.5.3 Performance Requirements:

The system shall accommodate high number of books and users without any fault.
Responses to view information shall take no longer than 5 seconds to appear on the screen.

4.5.4 Error Requirements:

LMS product shall handle expected and non-expected errors in ways that prevent loss in information and long downtime period.

4.6 SRS (Library Management System) | Appendices:

Appendix a:.

A: Admin, Abbreviation, Acronym, Assumptions.
B: Books, Business rules.
C: Class, Client, Conventions.
D: Data requirement, Dependencies.
K: Key. L: Library, Librarian.
N : Non-functional Requirement.
O: Operating environment;
P: Performance, Perspective, Purpose;
R: Requirement, Requirement attributes;
S: Safety, Scope, Security, System features;
U: User, User class and characteristics, User requirement;

The following are the list of conventions and acronyms used in this document and the project as well:

Administrator: A login id representing a user with user administration privileges to the software.
User: A general login id assigned to most users.
Client: Intended users for the software.
User Interface Layer: The section of the assignment referring to what the user interacts with directly.
Interface: Something used to communicate across different mediums.

5. Coding or Implementation of Library Management System

At this stage, the fundamental development of the product starts. For this, developers use a specific programming code as per the design. Hence, it is important for the coders to follow the protocols set by the association. Conventional programming tools like compilers, interpreters, debuggers, etc. are also put into use at this stage.

Coding of Library Management System Project

In Our project as we will be using php and mysql so we will install all required software’s:

Implementing Library Mangement System | Environment Creation:

Required Softwares:

Xampp software ( for php and mysql )
VS Code ( you can use any other suitable editor as well )
Install Bootstrap or download bootstrap extension on vscode.

After we downloaded the above required software now we will start creating our project . In the following article We will discuss about different different modules compiled with same category.

We will discuss it stepwise :

Implementing Library Mangement System | Database Creation:

Go to your favourite browser and write localhost/dashboard >> phpmyadmin

Now you can create your own database by using New button.

Create a database named LMS and inside it create separate databases like:

Database Used in this project:

Below is the SQL code to create those tables in the database, You can modify the code to create your own database for the project.

After creating the database we can now start building the frontend of our project.

Implementing Library Mangement System | Frontend and Backend Development:

Now we are going to develop our frontend and backend part of the project in different modules.

Step 1: Creation of Login page Module:

This is how Our Landing page will look like:

Functionalities of this page:

You Can show some important details on the landing page.
Existing Users will be able to login through user login page.
Admins can also login using admin login form.
Users will be able to signup using above signup button.
These will be our main functionalities of login page.

Below is the Code for creating above page:

If you are a new user you can signup and then use login for user dashboard.

Step 2: Creation of User Dashboard Module:

This is how user dashboard will look like:

Page will show the username and email id .
User can view Issued books and its count.
User can view and edit its profile as well.
Users can change his password also.
These will be one button for logging out from this page.

Step 3: Creation of Admin Dashboard Module:

This is how our admin dashboard will look like:

Page will show the username and email id of admin.
Admin can view and edit his profile.
Registered Users
Details of available books.
Details of all book’s categories.
Details of authors.
Issued books details.
Admin can add or manage existing books.
Admin can add or manage categories of books.
Admin can add or manage the authors.
One Important feature is Admin can Issue Book to any user.

Step 4: Creation of Add/Manage Book Module:

This is how Add/Manage Books will look like:

Add book page

Manage Book Page

Books Database

Admin can add a new book using its details.
Admin can edit the details of existing books.
All changes will be reflected on our SQL database.

Below is the code for modules mentioned above:

Step 5: Creation of Add/Manage Book Category Module:

This is how Add/Manage Book Category will look like:

Admin can add a new book category using its details.
Admin can edit the existing book category.

Similarly we can add and manage the author details as well.

Below is the code for above mentioned details:

Step 6: Creation of Issue Book Module:

This is how Issue Book Page will look like:

Admin can use this feature to Issue any book from library to the user.
Database will store the student id and book details for security.

Below is the code for the above mentioned page:

These are the basic modules we require to make our LMS Project , you can add some more exiting features using your own new idea as well.

Coding phase is the most important and time consuming phase after this phase we will be having a source code for our project and it will be through for testing phase.

Testing is a crucial phase in the development of a library management system (LMS) to ensure that it meets its intended requirements, functions correctly, and is free of bugs. Below are some key steps and considerations for the testing phase of a library management system:

Test individual modules or components of the system in isolation to ensure they function as intended.
Identify and fix any bugs or issues found at the module level.
Verify that different modules and components of the LMS work together seamlessly.
Test data flow and interactions between various parts of the system.
Validate that the LMS performs its intended functions accurately and efficiently.
Test basic functionalities such as adding, updating, and deleting books, managing user accounts, and generating reports.
Ensure that the user interface is user-friendly, intuitive, and visually appealing.
Check for consistency in design elements and responsiveness across different devices.
Assess the system’s performance under normal and peak load conditions.
Check response times, scalability, and overall system stability.
Identify and rectify any security vulnerabilities in the system.
Ensure that user data is handled securely, and unauthorized access is prevented.
Evaluate the LMS from an end-user perspective to ensure ease of use.
Gather feedback on user interfaces, navigation, and overall user experience.
Test the LMS on various browsers, operating systems, and devices to ensure cross-platform compatibility.
Conduct tests to ensure that new changes or fixes do not negatively impact existing functionalities.
Re-run previously executed test cases to verify the overall system stability.
Conduct tests in the production environment to ensure a smooth transition from the testing phase to live operation.

In this phase of software development, Team will have to present their work in front of authorities and they will judge your work and give suggestions on the improvement areas. Please make sure to host your web project before this step to make a good impression on the judges and authorities.

You can follow the E Portfolio Website project to follow how to host your web projects on GitHub.

The ideal length of the ppt should be min 10 slides and maximum 15 slides , you will not have too much time to explain your project so prepare your presentation carefully using important key points.

Project Presentation Phase of Library Management System

Some of the key points (slides) which your presentation should have are given below:

Project Name and Team Details
Introduction
Project Scope
Problem Statement
Proposed Solution
Product Functionalities
Flow chart of the project
Analysis of model

Let’s create a sample PowerPoint presentation for Library Managment System Project:

Step 8- Writing a Research Paper on Library Management System Project:

You can also write a research paper on the basis of your work . The Research paper will explore the significance of implementing an Integrated Library Management System Project (LMS) to enhance the efficiency, accessibility, and overall functionality of libraries.

Research Paper Development of Library Management System Project

Key points for this paper includes:

Related Work
Methodologies Used
Result and Discussion
Acknowledgement

Future Enhancements for Library Management System Project

Integration with RFID or barcoding for efficient book tracking.
Notification system for overdue books and fines.
Online reservation of books.
Integration with external databases for expanded book catalogue.

Check Out Some Other CS Relate Projects down below:

Portfolio Website Project
Weather Forecast Project
URL Shortener Project

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IMAGES

13+ Collaboration Diagram Of Library Management System
Use case diagram for library management system
Case Study: Library Management System A Library
Use Case Diagram for Library Management System
Introduction to ATM case study
Class Diagram For ATM Management System

COMMENTS

Use Case Diagram for Bank ATM System
A use case diagram in UML helps to show the various ways in which a user could interact with a system. For a Library Management System, the use case diagram helps visualize the interactions between users (actors) and the system's functionalities (use cases). This diagram provides a clear, simplified way to understand how the system operates and wha
Use Case Modeling for an ATM System: A Comprehensive Guide and Case Study
This case study provides a comprehensive guide to use case modeling for an ATM system in a bank. The study starts by presenting the problem description and requirements of the system, including security, availability, usability, transaction processing, and integration. Then, it explains how use case diagrams were used to model the system's ...
Use Case Diagram for Library Management System
A use case diagram in UML helps to show the various ways in which a user could interact with a system. For a Library Management System, the use case diagram helps visualize the interactions between users (actors) and the system's functionalities (use cases). This diagram provides a clear, simplified way to understand how the system operates ...
Use Case Diagram for the Library Management System
Next, we will define the main actors of our library management system. Primary actors . Member: This actor is the client of the library. It can search, reserve, renew, or return a book and modify its library membership. Librarian: It acts as an admin in a library management system. It can add or remove a book as well as modify the status of ...
Use Case Diagram for the ATM System
System: This actor checks for sufficient funds in the ATM, checks the ATM's transaction limit, and verifies the cardholder's identity. This actor also returns the card and dispenses the amount and receipts. Operator: The operator is responsible for starting and shutting down the system. It can refill printer receipts and cash dispensers.
PDF Use Case Documentation for ATM
About the document. This document describes the use case narratives for a simple ATM system. There are two types of users in this system - customers and managers. Any user (manager or customer) requires to login into the system before using it. The system will include four transactions that can be invoked by customers - deposit, withdraw ...
Library Management System
The Library Management System use case diagram provides a visual representation of the key functionalities and interactions within a library management system. The diagram illustrates the roles of the Librarian and Borrower, along with the various actions they can perform within the system. The use case diagram includes essential actions such ...
ATM UML Diagrams
Contains UML diagrams for ATM like class diagram, use case diagram, component diagram, deployment diagram, sequence and collaboration diagrams and more. UML Tutorial for Beginners Blog containing resources for uml like lecture notes, lecture videos, lab manual, uml diagrams, objective bits, important questions and more.
Example of the use cases and actors for an ATM system
A four-step method for restructuring use cases has been developed. At the first stage, use cases are presented in a formalized form. At the second, they are stored in the repository, which ensures ...
An example of UML use case diagram for a bank ATM (Automated Teller
Bank ATM UML Use Case Diagram Examples. An automated teller machine (ATM) or the automatic banking machine (ABM) is a banking subsystem () that provides bank customers with access to financial transactions in a public space without the need for a cashier, clerk, or bank teller.Customer () uses bank ATM to Check Balances of his/her bank accounts, Deposit Funds, Withdraw Cash and/or Transfer ...
PDF ATM Case Study, Part 2: Implementing an OO Design in C#
26 ATM Case Study, Part 2: Implementing an OO Design in C# Objectives In this chapter you'll: Incorporate inheritance into the design of the ATM. Incorporate polymorphism into the design of the ATM. Fully implement in C# the UML-based object-oriented design of the ATM software. Study a detailed code walkthrough of the ATM software system that explains the implementation issues.
Use Cases for Example ATM System
A deposit transaction asks the customer to choose a type of account to deposit to (e.g. checking) from a menu of possible accounts, and to type in a dollar amount on the keyboard. The transaction is initially sent to the bank to verify that the ATM can accept a deposit from this customer to this account. If the transaction is approved, the ...
Case study ATM
25-8 Chapter 25 ATM Case Study, Part 1: Object-Oriented Design with the UML. Use Case Diagrams We now introduce the first of several UML diagrams in our ATM case study. We create a use case diagram to model the interactions between a system's clients (in this case study, bank customers) and the system. The goal is to show the kinds of ...
Class diagram for an ATM system: step-by-step guide
Putting it all together in an ATM class diagram. We have all the classes we need, so our finished class diagram now models the interaction between the bank, a customer, the ATM, and the customer account. The bank class has customers and it maintains the ATM. The customer owns an account and also owns a debit card.
Library Management System
A use case diagram is a visual representation of a user's potential interactions with a system. Other diagram styles are frequently used in combination with it to illustrate the various use cases and user types the system has. A library management system use case is demonstrated in the template above. It demonstrates the procedures involved in operations including borrowing and returning books ...
Class Diagram for Library Management System
In diagram given below, we can see that aggregation is represented by an edge with a diamond end pointing towards superclass. The "Library Management System" is superclass that consists of various classes. These classes are User, Book, and Librarian as shown in diagram. Further, for "Account" class, "User" is a superclass.
ATM System
This use case is a critical security feature of the ATM system as it ensures that only authorized users can access their account. The Deposit Money use case allows users to deposit cash or checks into their account using the ATM. The user selects the deposit money option, enters the amount and inserts the cash or check into the machine.
Case Study: Library Management System
The system verifies the book's status and updates it. Exit (Option 0): Users can exit the library management system. The system processes user inputs, executes the chosen action, and provides appropriate feedback. Conclusion: The Library Management System presented in this case study offers a simplified way to manage a library's book catalog.
ATM Management System using C++
The Appointment Management System is a web application that allows users to schedule, manage, and view appointments. It provides an easy-to-use interface for clients to book and keep track of appointments. Below is a simplified outline for creating an Appointment Management System using React JS. Preview of final output: Let us have a look at how t
Bank ATM
Bank ATM UML use case diagram examples. Purpose: Describe use cases that an automated teller machine (ATM) or the automatic banking machine (ABM) provides to the bank customers.. Summary: Customer uses a bank ATM to check balances of his/her bank accounts, deposit funds, withdraw cash and/or transfer funds (use cases).ATM Technician provides maintenance and repairs to the ATM.
Component Diagram for ATM System
The component diagram of ATM system is used to show how the system components work together to make the ATM operate correctly. A component diagram shows how the software's parts are organized and how they depend on each other. This diagram gives a high-level look at the parts of a system. Components of an ATM component diagram can be part of ...
Case Study of Library Management System
Case Study of library management system - Free download as Word Doc (.doc), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Case Study of library management system
Library Management System Project
Step 7- Creating Project Presentation on Library Management System: Step 8- Writing a Research Paper on Library Management System: Future Enhancements for Library Management System. A Project Development is a multiphase process in which each and every process are equally important.
IBM Blog
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