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ASCE Code of Ethics Case Studies
In ASCE Code of Ethics Case Studies , you'll learn ...
- History of the ASCE Code of Ethics
- Case Study #1: A straight-forward case of corruption during bidding of a levee reconstruction project following Hurricane Katrina
- How the "best-value" bid evaluation method used in the levee reconstruction project created an environment conducive to corruption
- Case Study #2: Determining the ownership of intellectual property developed during employment
Preview a portion of this course before purchasing it.
Credit: 2 PDH
Length: 24 pages
Every human being is faced with the temptation and motivation to take ethical shortcuts. Oftentimes, actions and activities appear to be in one's self-interest, but violate obligations to others. Even those most concerned about the honesty and integrity of their work are subject to strong pressures from revenue demands, employers, clients and managers to take actions with which they are uncomfortable.
This course focuses on The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Code of Ethics. ASCE is the oldest engineering society in the United States, incorporating as the American Society of Engineers and Architects in 1852. It developed its first code of ethics in 1914, which lays the foundation for the codes developed by many states and other engineering societies.
The purpose of this course is not to solve ethical dilemmas, but to provide a framework for recognizing and evaluating ethical issues and generating alternatives.
The objectives are to:
- Familiarize the reader with the portions of the ASCE Code of Ethics that regulate engineers' ethical obligations to employers, clients, the community and the profession, and
- Provide the framework for application of the Code to engineers’ individual professional activities
To this end, a number of though-provoking case studies are presented, along with discussions of the relevant portions of ASCE's Code of Ethics and possible alternatives for addressing the issues.
Specific Knowledge or Skill Obtained
This course teaches the following specific knowledge and skills:
- Case Study #3: A case requiring a bidder to hire the County Engineer's wife and daughter as the implied "price" of securing a contract
- Various iterations of Case Study #3: a) the wife and daughter are outstanding vs. mediocre prospects, b) the company is looking to fill open positions vs. the company has no pressing need for more employees
- Another iteration of Case Study #3: The company declined to hire the wife and daughter and lost the work, then discovered that the successful bidder did hire the County Engineer's relatives
- Specific Canons of the ASCE Code of Ethics that apply to the cases above, as well as how these Canons apply to your practice
- Help in developing a strategy in dealing with someone who may be pressuring you for favors in order to be awarded a contract
- A discussion of two engineering disasters that provide tragic examples of what can happen when the principles of the ASCE Code of Ethics are ignored
Certificate of Completion
You will be able to immediately print a certificate of completion after passing a multiple-choice quiz consisting of 10 questions. PDH credits are not awarded until the course is completed and quiz is passed.
| This course is applicable to professional engineers in: | ||
| Alabama (P.E.) | Alaska (P.E.) | Arkansas (P.E.) |
| Delaware (P.E.) | District of Columbia (P.E.) | Florida (P.E. Other Topics) |
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Case Studies in Engineering Ethics
- Review the ASCE Code of Ethics and understand the “hierarchy” of an engineer’s ethical obligations
- Test the engineer’s understanding of ethical principles through application to real-world case studies
- Consider best practices to contribute to creation of an ethical workplace
Pricing Information
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|---|---|
| Member | $30.00 |
| Non-member | $40.00 |
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Cannon 6 of the ASCE Code of Ethics Case Study
- To find inspiration for your paper and overcome writer’s block
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- As a template for you assignment
Engineering is a field, which occasionally encounters some ethical issues and contradictions. One of them has happened recently when ACB registered a case of fraud and corruption (Brighter Kashmir News, 2020). It was discovered “during the verification on the allegations of misappropriation of funds received by the R&B Department in Shopian/Handwara Districts” (Brighter Kashmir News, 2020, papa. 2). ACB revealed the fact that a significant sum of funds was saved by the Private cellular companies in the Arhama (Shopian) Branch of Axis Bank. They used the fake name of Assistant Engineer R&B Division Shopian, which is ruled by Hakeem Imtiyaz (Brighter Kashmir News, 2020). The director is known for being part of a criminal conspiracy.
Such an occasion contradicts with ASCE Code of Ethics and violates the Cannon 6 on upholding professional honor. It states that “Engineers shall not knowingly engage in business or professional practices of a fraudulent, dishonest or unethical nature” (ASCE, n.d., para. 6). The cases mentioned above raise some ethical issues, for instance, the illegal appropriation of considerable sums of money and using a fake name, which is also inadmissible. Such violations should be considered urgently, as a high crime rate in the engineering field is especially dangerous since it covers society comprehensively and implies a heavy responsibility. In addition, they are highly likely to lead to the authority declining of the job in society.
Therefore, the possible and most recommended solution for this situation is to initiate legal proceedings against the criminals described earlier. This process should be widely broadcasted to show its immorality and improve the reliability of engineering. Furthermore, some strict regulations should be implemented to avoid further violations in this sphere. This way, unethical occasions will become rarer, which will improve the outcomes of engineers’ labor and its image in the society, as it will not be associated with different kinds of frauds and corruption.
ASCE. (n.d.). Code of ethics . 2020, Web.
Brighter Kashmir News. (2020). Corruption: ACB arrests engineer on ‘Engineers Day’. Web.
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IvyPanda. (2022, September 9). Cannon 6 of the ASCE Code of Ethics. https://ivypanda.com/essays/cannon-6-of-the-asce-code-of-ethics/
"Cannon 6 of the ASCE Code of Ethics." IvyPanda , 9 Sept. 2022, ivypanda.com/essays/cannon-6-of-the-asce-code-of-ethics/.
IvyPanda . (2022) 'Cannon 6 of the ASCE Code of Ethics'. 9 September.
IvyPanda . 2022. "Cannon 6 of the ASCE Code of Ethics." September 9, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/cannon-6-of-the-asce-code-of-ethics/.
1. IvyPanda . "Cannon 6 of the ASCE Code of Ethics." September 9, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/cannon-6-of-the-asce-code-of-ethics/.
Bibliography
IvyPanda . "Cannon 6 of the ASCE Code of Ethics." September 9, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/cannon-6-of-the-asce-code-of-ethics/.
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ASCE Code of Ethics Case Studies (Ohio T&M)
In ASCE Code of Ethics Case Studies , you'll learn ...
- History of the ASCE Code of Ethics
- Case Study #1: A straight-forward case of corruption during bidding of a levee reconstruction project following Hurricane Katrina
- How the "best-value" bid evaluation method used in the levee reconstruction project created an environment conducive to corruption
- Case Study #2: Determining the ownership of intellectual property developed during employment
To meet the Ohio Board's intent that online courses be "paced" by the provider, a timer will be used to record your study time. You will be unable to access the quiz until the required study time of 100 minutes has been met.
Credit: 2 PDH
Length: 24 pages
Every human being is faced with the temptation and motivation to take ethical shortcuts. Oftentimes, actions and activities appear to be in one's self-interest, but violate obligations to others. Even those most concerned about the honesty and integrity of their work are subject to strong pressures from revenue demands, employers, clients and managers to take actions with which they are uncomfortable.
This course focuses on The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Code of Ethics. ASCE is the oldest engineering society in the United States, incorporating as the American Society of Engineers and Architects in 1852. It developed its first code of ethics in 1914, which lays the foundation for the codes developed by many states and other engineering societies.
The purpose of this course is not to solve ethical dilemmas, but to provide a framework for recognizing and evaluating ethical issues and generating alternatives.
The objectives are to:
- Familiarize the reader with the portions of the ASCE Code of Ethics that regulate engineers' ethical obligations to employers, clients, the community and the profession, and
- Provide the framework for application of the Code to engineers’ individual professional activities
To this end, a number of though-provoking case studies are presented, along with discussions of the relevant portions of ASCE's Code of Ethics and possible alternatives for addressing the issues.
Specific Knowledge or Skill Obtained
This course teaches the following specific knowledge and skills:
- Case Study #3: A case requiring a bidder to hire the County Engineer's wife and daughter as the implied "price" of securing a contract
- Various iterations of Case Study #3: a) the wife and daughter are outstanding vs. mediocre prospects, b) the company is looking to fill open positions vs. the company has no pressing need for more employees
- Another iteration of Case Study #3: The company declined to hire the wife and daughter and lost the work, then discovered that the successful bidder did hire the County Engineer's relatives
- Specific Canons of the ASCE Code of Ethics that apply to the cases above, as well as how these Canons apply to your practice
- Help in developing a strategy in dealing with someone who may be pressuring you for favors in order to be awarded a contract
- A discussion of two engineering disasters that provide tragic examples of what can happen when the principles of the ASCE Code of Ethics are ignored
Certificate of Completion
You will be able to immediately print a certificate of completion after passing a multiple-choice quiz consisting of 10 questions. PDH credits are not awarded until the course is completed and quiz is passed.
| This course is applicable to professional engineers in: | ||
| Alabama (P.E.) | Alaska (P.E.) | Arkansas (P.E.) |
| Delaware (P.E.) | District of Columbia (P.E.) | Florida (P.E. Other Topics) |
| Georgia (P.E.) | Idaho (P.E.) | Illinois (P.E.) |
| Illinois (S.E.) | Indiana (P.E.) | Iowa (P.E.) |
| Kansas (P.E.) | Kentucky (P.E.) | Louisiana (P.E.) |
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JSmol Viewer
Predicting residual flexural strength of corroded prestressed concrete beams: comparison of chinese code, eurocode and aci standard.
1. Introduction
2. experimental database of the flexural capacity of cpc beams, 2.1. set up of the experimental database, 2.2. unification of compressive strength of concrete, 2.3. unification of corrosion rate of prestressed steel, 3. effects of parameters on the flexural strength of cpc beams, 3.1. beam’s width and effective depth, 3.2. compressive strength of concrete and shear span ratio, 3.3. corrosion rate of prestressed steel, 3.4. prestressing ratio (ppr) and effective prestress, 4. comparison between the test results and predictions of chinese code, eurocode and aci standard, 4.1. gb50010-2010 (chinese code: design code for concrete structure, 2010), 4.2. en 1992-1-1:2004+a1 (eurocode 2: design of concrete structure-part 1-1: general rules and rules for buildings, 2014), 4.3. aci 318-19 (aci standard: building code requirements for structural concrete, 2019), 4.4. calculation of the flexural capacity without considering the effects of strand corrosion, 5. a proposal for a flexural strength model for cpc beams on the basis of the aci standard, 5.1. deterioration of mechanical properties of corroded prestressed reinforcement, 5.2. proposal of new model based on aci standard, 5.3. verification of proposed model, 6. conclusions, author contributions, data availability statement, conflicts of interest, nomenclature.
| A | Cross-sectional area of the prestressed reinforcement |
| A | Minimum remaining cross-sectional area of the prestressed reinforcement after corrosion |
| A | Cross-sectional area of the compression non-prestressed reinforcement |
| A | Cross-sectional area of the tensile non-prestressed reinforcement |
| A | Original cross-sectional area of the tensile prestressed reinforcement |
| A′ | Cross-sectional area of the compression prestressed reinforcement |
| A | Cross-sectional area of prestressed reinforcement after corrosion |
| a | Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block |
| a | Distance from the resultant force of the prestressed steel and the ordinary tensile steel bar to the edge of the beam Section in tension zone |
| b | Beam width, and the data in brackets are the flange width of the T-beam |
| d | Diameter of the prestressed reinforcement |
| d | Diameter of the prestressed reinforcement after corrosion |
| d | Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of prestressed reinforcement |
| E | Elastic modulus of uncorroded prestressed reinforcement |
| E | Elastic modulus of corroded prestressed reinforcement |
| E | Modulus of elasticity of the reinforcing steel |
| f | Prismatic compressive strength of the concrete |
| f | Cube compressive strength of concrete |
| f | Effective prestress |
| f | Stress in prestressed reinforcement at nominal flexural strength |
| f | Stress in corroded prestressed reinforcement at nominal flexural strength |
| f | Ultimate tensile strength of prestressed reinforcement |
| f | Ultimate tensile strength of uncorroded prestressed reinforcement |
| f | Yield strength of the tensile prestressed reinforcement |
| f | Yield strength of compression non-prestressed reinforcement |
| f | Yield strength of tensile non-prestressed reinforcement |
| f | Compressive strength of concrete obtained from cylinder tests of 150 × 300 mm specimens |
| h | Beam depth, and the data in brackets are the flange depth of T-beam |
| h | Effective depth of the cross-section |
| M | Calculated the flexural capacity of CPC beams |
| M | Experimental ultimate flexural capacity of CPC beams |
| M | Normalized ultimate flexural stress |
| m | Initial mass of the prestressed reinforcement before corrosion |
| m | Remaining mass of the prestressed reinforcement after corrosion |
| PPR | Prestressing ratio |
| X | Maximum corrosion depth of the prestressed steel |
| x | Concrete depth of compression zone |
| η | Section loss ratio of prestressed reinforcement |
| η | Weight loss ratio of prestressed reinforcement |
| ε | Ultimate compressive strain in the concrete |
| ε | Ultimate strain of uncorroded prestressed reinforcement |
| ε | Ultimate strain of corroded prestressed reinforcement |
| λ | Shear span to depth ratio |
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Click here to enlarge figure
| Reference | Specimen | b (mm) | h (mm) | Concrete Strength (MPa) | A (mm ) | f (MPa) | A (mm ) | f (MPa) | A (mm ) | f (MPa) | E (N/mm ) | η | λ | M (kN·m) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rinaldi et al. [ ] (9 sets) | NO.7 | 200 | 300 | 34 | 157 | 400 | 157 | 400 | 226.19 | 1976 | 195,000 | 0 | 3.57 | 73.20 |
| NO.8 | 200 | 300 | 34 | 157 | 400 | 157 | 400 | 226.19 | 1976 | 195,000 | 0.2 | 3.57 | 43.95 | |
| NO.9 | 200 | 300 | 34 | 157 | 400 | 157 | 400 | 226.19 | 1976 | 195,000 | 0.2 | 3.57 | 52.95 | |
| NO.2 | 200 | 300 | 41.5 | 157 | 400 | 157 | 400 | 226.19 | 1976 | 195,000 | 0 | 3.57 | 86.70 | |
| NO.3 | 200 | 300 | 41.5 | 157 | 400 | 157 | 400 | 226.19 | 1976 | 195,000 | 0.14 | 3.57 | 39.45 | |
| NO.1 | 200 | 300 | 41.5 | 157 | 400 | 157 | 400 | 226.19 | 1976 | 195,000 | 0.2 | 3.57 | 30.90 | |
| NO.4 | 200 | 300 | 47.4 | 157 | 400 | 157 | 400 | 226.19 | 1976 | 195,000 | 0 | 3.57 | 95.70 | |
| NO.6 | 200 | 300 | 47.4 | 157 | 400 | 157 | 400 | 226.19 | 1976 | 195,000 | 0.07 | 3.57 | 91.20 | |
| NO5 | 200 | 300 | 47.4 (f ) | 157 | 400 | 157 | 400 | 226.19 | 1976 | 195,000 | 0.2 (η ) | 3.57 | 32.70 | |
| Li and Yuan [ ] (9 sets) | PRB1 | 150 | 200 | 33.0 | 57 | 284 | 226 | 375 | 98.7 | 1913 | 195,000 | 0.0173 | 3.96 | 27.7 |
| PRB2 | 150 | 200 | 33.0 | 57 | 284 | 226 | 375 | 98.7 | 1913 | 195,000 | 0.0219 | 3.96 | 27.5 | |
| PRB3 | 150 | 200 | 33.0 | 57 | 284 | 226 | 375 | 98.7 | 1913 | 195,000 | 0.0224 | 3.96 | 25.1 | |
| PRB4 | 150 | 200 | 33.0 | 57 | 284 | 226 | 375 | 98.7 | 1913 | 195,000 | 0.0287 | 3.96 | 25.0 | |
| POB0 | 150 | 200 | 35.2 | 57 | 284 | 226 | 375 | 98.7 | 1913 | 195,000 | 0 | 3.96 | 28.9 | |
| POB1 | 150 | 200 | 35.2 | 57 | 284 | 226 | 375 | 98.7 | 1913 | 195,000 | 0.0094 | 3.96 | 25.8 | |
| POB2 | 150 | 200 | 35.2 | 57 | 284 | 226 | 375 | 98.7 | 1913 | 195,000 | 0.0151 | 3.96 | 25.3 | |
| POB3 | 150 | 200 | 35.2 | 57 | 284 | 226 | 375 | 98.7 | 1913 | 195,000 | 0.0198 | 3.96 | 26.3 | |
| POB4 | 150 | 200 | 35.2 (f ) | 57 | 284 | 226 | 375 | 98.7 | 1913 | 195,000 | 0.0112 (η ) | 3.96 | 25.8 | |
| Zhang et al. [ ] (8 sets) | PCB1 | 150 | 220 | 31.82 | 101 | 235 | 226 | 335 | 140 | 1910 | 195,000 | 0.7790 | 3.70 | 11.4 |
| PCB2 | 150 | 220 | 31.82 | 101 | 235 | 226 | 335 | 140 | 1910 | 195,000 | 1 | 3.70 | 9.9 | |
| PCB3 | 150 | 220 | 31.82 | 101 | 235 | 226 | 335 | 140 | 1910 | 195,000 | 0.0635 | 3.70 | 31.5 | |
| PCB4 | 150 | 220 | 31.82 | 101 | 235 | 226 | 335 | 140 | 1910 | 195,000 | 0.0982 | 3.70 | 30.6 | |
| PCB5 | 150 | 220 | 32.35 | 101 | 235 | 226 | 335 | 140 | 1910 | 195,000 | 0.5510 | 3.70 | 15.9 | |
| PCB6 | 150 | 220 | 32.35 | 101 | 235 | 226 | 335 | 140 | 1910 | 195,000 | 0.4804 | 3.70 | 19.5 | |
| PCB7 | 150 | 220 | 34.28 | 101 | 235 | 226 | 335 | 140 | 1910 | 195,000 | 0.3589 | 3.70 | 22.8 | |
| PCB8 | 150 | 220 | 34.28 (f ) | 101 | 235 | 226 | 335 | 140 | 1910 | 195,000 | 0.0128 (η ) | 3.70 | 34.5 | |
| Li et al. [ ] (7 sets) | SCC0-2 | 150 | 250 | 34.37 | 308 | 360 | 100.6 | 254 | 201.1 | 622.83 | 205,000 | 0 | 2.23 | 46.53 |
| SCC2-1 | 150 | 250 | 34.65 | 308 | 360 | 100.6 | 254 | 201.1 | 622.83 | 205,000 | 0.0067 | 2.23 | 44.28 | |
| SCC2-2 | 150 | 250 | 32.42 | 308 | 360 | 100.6 | 254 | 201.1 | 622.83 | 205,000 | 0.0108 | 2.23 | 42.48 | |
| SCC2-3 | 150 | 250 | 33.73 | 308 | 360 | 100.6 | 254 | 201.1 | 622.83 | 205,000 | 0.0120 | 2.23 | 42.03 | |
| SCC2-4 | 150 | 250 | 30.47 | 308 | 360 | 100.6 | 254 | 201.1 | 622.83 | 205,000 | 0.0138 | 2.23 | 41.8 | |
| SCC1-3 | 150 | 250 | 33.65 | 308 | 360 | 100.6 | 254 | 201.1 | 622.83 | 205,000 | 0.0122 | 2.23 | 42.03 | |
| SCC4-1 | 150 | 250 | 35.07 (f ) | 308 | 360 | 100.6 | 254 | 201.1 | 622.83 | 205,000 | 0.0113 (η ) | 2.23 | 51.03 | |
| Zhang et al. [ ] (8 sets) | CB0 | 150 | 220 | 34.1 | 101 | 235 | 226 | 335 | 140 | 1910 | 195,000 | 0 | 3.70 | 37.8 |
| CB1 | 150 | 220 | 33.7 | 101 | 235 | 226 | 335 | 140 | 1910 | 195,000 | 0.7370 | 3.70 | 13.5 | |
| CB2 | 150 | 220 | 33.7 | 101 | 235 | 226 | 335 | 140 | 1910 | 195,000 | 0.4600 | 3.70 | 21 | |
| CB3 | 150 | 220 | 33.7 | 101 | 235 | 226 | 335 | 140 | 1910 | 195,000 | 0.6170 | 3.70 | 15.9 | |
| CB4 | 150 | 220 | 33.7 | 101 | 235 | 226 | 335 | 140 | 1910 | 195,000 | 0.8470 | 3.70 | 11.7 | |
| CB5 | 150 | 220 | 32.4 | 101 | 235 | 226 | 335 | 140 | 1910 | 195,000 | 0.1210 | 3.70 | 33 | |
| CB6 | 150 | 220 | 32.4 | 101 | 235 | 226 | 335 | 140 | 1910 | 195,000 | 0.1950 | 3.70 | 31.5 | |
| CB7 | 150 | 220 | 34.3 (f ) | 101 | 235 | 226 | 335 | 140 | 1910 | 195,000 | 0.2700 (η ) | 3.70 | 28.8 | |
| Jeon et al. [ ] (4 sets) | RB | 150 | 220 | 37.46 | 157 | 400 | 265.46 | 400 | 140 | 1865 | 194,500 | 0 | 3.66 | 49.17 |
| QB | 150 | 220 | 37.46 | 157 | 400 | 265.46 | 400 | 140 | 1865 | 194,500 | 0.0482 | 3.66 | 48.3 | |
| MB1 | 150 | 220 | 37.46 | 157 | 400 | 265.46 | 400 | 140 | 1865 | 194,500 | 0.0667 | 3.66 | 43.92 | |
| MB2 | 150 | 220 | 37.46 (f ) | 157 | 400 | 265.46 | 400 | 140 | 1865 | 194,500 | 0.0751 (η ) | 3.66 | 40.68 | |
| Zeng et al. [ ] (9 sets) | L1 | 150 | 300 | 44 | 402 | 365 | 226 | 360 | 140 | 1950 | 203,000 | 0 | 3.33 | 91.12 |
| L2 | 150 | 300 | 44 | 402 | 365 | 226 | 360 | 140 | 1950 | 203,000 | 0.087 | 3.33 | 86.68 | |
| L3 | 150 | 300 | 44 | 402 | 365 | 226 | 360 | 140 | 1950 | 203,000 | 0.136 | 3.33 | 78.04 | |
| L4 | 150 | 300 | 44 | 402 | 365 | 226 | 360 | 140 | 1950 | 203,000 | 1 | 3.33 | 47 | |
| L5 | 150 | 300 | 44 | 402 | 365 | 226 | 360 | 140 | 1950 | 203,000 | 0.203 | 3.33 | 55.28 | |
| L6 | 150 | 300 | 44 | 760 | 370 | 226 | 360 | 140 | 1950 | 203,000 | 0.058 | 3.29 | 110.68 | |
| L7 | 150 | 300 | 44 | 402 | 365 | 226 | 360 | 140 | 1950 | 203,000 | 0 | 3.33 | 84.6 | |
| L8 | 150 | 300 | 44 | 402 | 365 | 226 | 360 | 140 | 1950 | 203,000 | 0.26 | 3.33 | 48.32 | |
| L9 | 150 | 300 | 44 (f ) | 402 | 365 | 226 | 360 | 140 | 1950 | 203,000 | 0.017 (η ) | 3.33 | 75.84 | |
| Ma et al. [ ] (5 sets) | B0 | 150 | 220 | 31.8 | 101 | 290 | 226 | 375 | 140 | 1910 | 193,000 | 0 | 3.69 | 37.8 |
| B1 | 150 | 220 | 31.8 | 101 | 290 | 226 | 375 | 140 | 1910 | 193,000 | 0.0270 | 3.69 | 33 | |
| B2 | 150 | 220 | 31.8 | 101 | 290 | 226 | 375 | 140 | 1910 | 193,000 | 0.0620 | 3.69 | 31.5 | |
| B3 | 150 | 220 | 31.8 | 101 | 290 | 226 | 375 | 140 | 1910 | 193,000 | 0.0910 | 3.69 | 28.8 | |
| B4 | 150 | 220 | 31.8 (f ) | 101 | 290 | 226 | 375 | 140 | 1910 | 193,000 | 0.1060 (η ) | 3.69 | 21 | |
| Youn and Kim [ ] (3 sets) | PC1 | 150 | 300 | 31 | 265.46 | 400 | 265.46 | 400 | 98.7 | 1834 | 195,000 | 0 | / | 45.6 |
| PC2 | 150 | 300 | 31 | 265.46 | 400 | 265.46 | 400 | 98.7 | 1834 | 195,000 | 0.0881 | / | 44.6 | |
| PC3 | 150 | 300 | 31 (f ) | 265.46 | 400 | 265.46 | 400 | 98.7 | 1834 | 195,000 | 0.1963 (η ) | / | 39.8 | |
| Yu et al. [ ] (6 sets) | L1 | 150 | 300 | 44.2 | 402.1 | 365 | 226.2 | 359 | 140 | 1959 | 203,000 | 0 | 3.33 | 91.1 |
| L2 | 150 | 300 | 44.2 | 402.1 | 365 | 226.2 | 359 | 140 | 1959 | 203,000 | 0.087 | 3.33 | 86.7 | |
| L3 | 150 | 300 | 46.5 | 402.1 | 365 | 226.2 | 359 | 140 | 1959 | 203,000 | 0.136 | 3.33 | 78.0 | |
| L4 | 150 | 300 | 44.2 | 402.1 | 365 | 226.2 | 359 | 140 | 1959 | 203,000 | 1 | 3.33 | 47.0 | |
| L5 | 150 | 300 | 45.4 | 760.3 | 368 | 226.2 | 359 | 140 | 1959 | 203,000 | 0.058 | 3.29 | 110.7 | |
| L6 | 150 | 300 | 42.5 (f ) | 402.1 | 365 | 226.2 | 359 | 140 | 1959 | 203,000 | 0.017 (η ) | 3.33 | 75.8 | |
| Jeon et al. [ ] (5 sets) | CB1 | 280 | 380 | 37.46 | 157 | 400 | 265.46 | 400 | 138.7 | 1883 | 195,000 | 0.0949 | 6.02 | 181.75 |
| CB2 | 280 | 380 | 37.46 | 157 | 400 | 265.46 | 400 | 138.7 | 1883 | 195,000 | 0.0884 | 6.02 | 222.02 | |
| CB3 | 280 | 380 | 37.46 | 157 | 400 | 265.46 | 400 | 138.7 | 1883 | 195,000 | 0.0689 | 6.02 | 230.45 | |
| CB4 | 280 | 380 | 37.46 | 157 | 400 | 265.46 | 400 | 138.7 | 1883 | 195,000 | 0.068 | 6.02 | 226.92 | |
| RB5 | 280 | 380 | 37.46 (f ) | 157 | 400 | 265.46 | 400 | 138.7 | 1883 | 195,000 | 0 (η ) | 6.02 | 226.31 | |
| Liu et al. [ ] (5 sets) | B2 | 150 | 250 | 45.1 | 308 | 335 | 308 | 335 | 197.4 | 1860 | 195,000 | 0.071 | 3.34 | 59.79 |
| B3 | 150 | 250 | 43.6 | 308 | 335 | 308 | 335 | 197.4 | 1860 | 195,000 | 0.043 | 3.34 | 67.17 | |
| B5 | 150 | 250 | 45.5 | 308 | 335 | 308 | 335 | 197.4 | 1860 | 195,000 | 0.102 | 3.34 | 57.63 | |
| B7 | 150 | 250 | 46.7 | 308 | 335 | 308 | 335 | 197.4 | 1860 | 195,000 | 0.022 | 3.34 | 68.52 | |
| B9 | 150 | 250 | 45.6 (f ) | 308 | 335 | 308 | 335 | 197.4 | 1860 | 195,000 | 0 (η ) | 3.34 | 69.66 | |
| Xu et al. [ ] (8 sets) | PCB-1 | 150 | 250 | 51.2 | 226 | 400 | 226 | 400 | 140 | 1661 | 202,000 | 0 | 3.04 | 57.8 |
| PCB-2 | 150 | 250 | 51.2 | 226 | 400 | 226 | 400 | 140 | 1661 | 202,000 | 0.0322 | 3.04 | 56 | |
| PCB-3 | 150 | 250 | 51.2 | 226 | 400 | 226 | 400 | 140 | 1661 | 202,000 | 0.0611 | 3.04 | 53.5 | |
| PCB-4 | 150 | 250 | 51.2 | 226 | 400 | 226 | 400 | 140 | 1661 | 202,000 | 0.0895 | 3.04 | 50.9 | |
| PCB-5 | 150 | 250 | 51.2 | 308 | 400 | 226 | 400 | 140 | 1661 | 202,000 | 0.0623 | 3.02 | 64.5 | |
| PCB-6 | 150 | 250 | 51.2 | 402 | 400 | 226 | 400 | 140 | 1661 | 202,000 | 0.0635 | 3.00 | 67.5 | |
| PCB-7 | 150 | 250 | 59.9 | 226 | 400 | 226 | 400 | 140 | 1661 | 202,000 | 0.0582 | 3.04 | 55.5 | |
| PCB-8 | 150 | 250 | 44.5 (f ) | 226 | 400 | 226 | 400 | 140 | 1661 | 202,000 | 0.0753 (η ) | 3.04 | 53.4 | |
| Qiu [ ] (8 sets) | A0 | 89(265) | 240(75) | 55.7 | 100.6 | 350 | 100.6 | 350 | 140 | 1860 | 195,000 | 0 | 4.09 | 61.63 |
| A1 | 89(265) | 240(75) | 55.7 | 100.6 | 350 | 100.6 | 350 | 140 | 1860 | 195,000 | 0.0033 | 4.09 | 61.71 | |
| A2 | 89(265) | 240(75) | 55.7 | 100.6 | 350 | 100.6 | 350 | 140 | 1860 | 195,000 | 0.0124 | 4.09 | 59.93 | |
| A3 | 89(265) | 240(75) | 55.7 | 100.6 | 350 | 100.6 | 350 | 140 | 1860 | 195,000 | 0.0237 | 4.09 | 56.7 | |
| A4 | 89(265) | 240(75) | 55.7 | 100.6 | 350 | 100.6 | 350 | 140 | 1860 | 195,000 | 0.0452 | 4.09 | 53.72 | |
| A5 | 89(265) | 240(75) | 55.7 | 100.6 | 350 | 100.6 | 350 | 140 | 1860 | 195,000 | 0.0615 | 4.09 | 49.39 | |
| A6 | 89(265) | 240(75) | 55.7 | 100.6 | 350 | 100.6 | 350 | 140 | 1860 | 195,000 | 0.0747 | 4.09 | 47.86 | |
| A7 | 89(265) | 240(75) | 55.7 (f ) | 100.6 | 350 | 100.6 | 350 | 140 | 1860 | 195,000 | 0.0831 (η ) | 4.09 | 44.54 | |
| Yang [ ] (5 sets) | B01 | 80(320) | 250(80) | 45.2 | 100.6 | 350 | 402.4 | 350 | 140 | 1860 | 195,000 | 0 | 3.07 | 59.2 |
| CB2 | 80(320) | 250(80) | 45.2 | 100.6 | 350 | 402.4 | 350 | 140 | 1860 | 195,000 | 0.0085 | 3.07 | 57.2 | |
| CB3 | 80(320) | 250(80) | 45.2 | 100.6 | 350 | 402.4 | 350 | 140 | 1860 | 195,000 | 0.0358 | 3.07 | 54.9 | |
| CB4 | 80(320) | 250(80) | 45.2 | 100.6 | 350 | 402.4 | 350 | 140 | 1860 | 195,000 | 0.0648 | 3.07 | 51.4 | |
| CB5 | 80(320) | 250(80) | 45.2 (f ) | 100.6 | 350 | 402.4 | 350 | 140 | 1860 | 195,000 | 0.0842 (η ) | 3.07 | 47.5 | |
| Zhou et al. [ ] (5 sets) | A0 | 100(320) | 250(80) | 51.75 | 100.6 | 415.3 | 402.4 | 415.3 | 140 | 1980.8 | 195,000 | 0 | 3.06 | 220.33 |
| A1 | 100(320) | 250(80) | 51.75 | 100.6 | 415.3 | 402.4 | 415.3 | 140 | 1980.8 | 195,000 | 0.0313 | 3.06 | 207.51 | |
| A2 | 100(320) | 250(80) | 51.75 | 100.6 | 415.3 | 402.4 | 415.3 | 140 | 1980.8 | 195,000 | 0.0798 | 3.06 | 186.08 | |
| A3 | 100(320) | 250(80) | 51.75 | 100.6 | 415.3 | 402.4 | 415.3 | 140 | 1980.8 | 195,000 | 0.1184 | 3.06 | 160.56 | |
| A4 | 100(320) | 250(80) | 51.75 (f ) | 100.6 | 415.3 | 402.4 | 415.3 | 140 | 1980.8 | 195,000 | 0.1353 (η ) | 3.06 | 152.74 |
| Compressive Strength of the Concrete | Yield Strength of the Longitudinal Tensile Reinforcement | Yield Strength of the Longitudinal Compression Reinforcement | Ultimate Tensile Strength of the Prestressed Reinforcement | Section Loss Ratio of the Prestressed Reinforcement | Shear Pan Ratio | Prestressed Reinforcement Type | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| f (MPa) | f (MPa) | f (MPa) | f (MPa) | η | λ | ||
| Range | 30.47~59.9 | 235~415.3 | 254~415.3 | 622.83~1980.8 | 0~100% | 2.32~6.02 | 12.7 mm and 15.2 mm steel strands, 16 mm prestressed steel bar |
| Types of Code | AAE | MSE | SD |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB50010-2010 [ ] | 0.6186 | 1146.8869 | 0.5304 |
| EN 1992-1-1:2004+A1 [ ] | 0.3868 | 371.4661 | 0.4676 |
| ACI 318-19 [ ] | 0.2829 | 238.2815 | 0.3263 |
| The new proposal | 0.1990 | 178.5013 | 0.2764 |
| The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
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Li, H.; Pan, Z.; Yang, Y.; Wang, X.; Tang, H.; Ma, F.; Zheng, L. Predicting Residual Flexural Strength of Corroded Prestressed Concrete Beams: Comparison of Chinese Code, Eurocode and ACI Standard. Buildings 2024 , 14 , 2047. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072047
Li H, Pan Z, Yang Y, Wang X, Tang H, Ma F, Zheng L. Predicting Residual Flexural Strength of Corroded Prestressed Concrete Beams: Comparison of Chinese Code, Eurocode and ACI Standard. Buildings . 2024; 14(7):2047. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072047
Li, Hai, Zhicheng Pan, Yiming Yang, Xinzhong Wang, Huang Tang, Fanjun Ma, and Liangfei Zheng. 2024. "Predicting Residual Flexural Strength of Corroded Prestressed Concrete Beams: Comparison of Chinese Code, Eurocode and ACI Standard" Buildings 14, no. 7: 2047. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072047
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New Mexico research facility develops solar-powered water treatment method
In India, most of the groundwater is brackish, necessitating some form of desalination to make it potable in water-scarce regions. Rural areas with no or unreliable access to electricity face an added burden beyond simply the cost to design and operate the necessary groundwater treatment systems.
Looking to find a more efficient process, a team of researchers developed a novel solar-powered approach to the desalination method: flexible electrodialysis reversal. Comprising a form of electrodialysis reversal that operates in sync with available solar power, the flexible treatment system requires a much smaller battery and less operator attention than conventional EDR systems. These differences could reduce treatment costs associated with EDR, helping to facilitate greater use of the system in remote areas in India and in other countries that rely on brackish groundwater.
Flexible approach
EDR modules comprise a stack of ion-exchange membranes through which two streams of water — one dilute and the other more brine-laden — are pumped while an electric field is added. The process causes ions to move from the dilute stream to the brine stream, producing drinkable water. The name of the process includes the word “reversal” because the electric field occasionally is reversed to prevent scale buildup on the membranes.
Conventional batch EDR systems typically operate with a fixed voltage and flow rate. When run on solar power, such systems cannot ramp up and down to keep up with the intermittent nature of solar power. As a result, the systems require storage batteries to capture and save solar energy when sunlight is available, usually during midday, to generate power when solar energy is low or unavailable, typically during mornings and evenings.
In the article “Flexible batch electrodialysis for low-cost solar-powered brackish water desalination,” which was published online on March 26 by the journal Nature Water , researchers from King’s College London, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and the Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy describe their efforts to develop what they call a “flexible EDR technology” that adapts to the variable nature of solar energy.
The flexible batch EDR system “incorporates a time-variant voltage and flow rate adjustment,” according to the article. “A model-based control method enables the EDR system to align its power consumption with available solar power at each time step while optimizing water production under varying solar conditions,” the article states. In other words, the flexible system can rapidly ramp up and down as solar power is available, reducing the need for battery storage.
In addition to the model-based main controller, the flexible EDR system includes a programmable logic controller, an electrodialysis stack, two pumps with variable-frequency drives, several sensors, a diluate tank, a brine tank, solar panels, and an inverter module.
Although the flexible system consists of “off-the-shelf components,” its “novelty lies in how they are used with (the) novel model-based controller,” says Wei He, Ph.D., a senior lecturer in the Department of Engineering in the Faculty of Natural, Mathematical, and Engineering Sciences at King’s College London and the lead author of the Nature Water article.
Performance advantages
At the Brackish Groundwater National Desalination Research Facility in Alamogordo, New Mexico, the researchers tested a flexible EDR system capable of producing fresh water at a rate of 6 cu m/day. For comparison, the batch system operated in flexible and constant operation modes.
Despite variable solar conditions during its six-day test, the flexible EDR system met the target production rate of 6 cu m/day of fresh water. However, a key difference in performance between the two modes of operation was the extent to which they directly used available solar energy. Whereas the flexible system could use 77% of the available solar energy on average, the conventional constant-mode system could use only about 40% because it was unable to take advantage of peak periods of solar energy.
Since it could use more solar energy, the flexible system required vastly less battery use, needing only 0.27 kWh of battery power on average. By comparison, the conventional system required 3.3 kWh of battery power, a difference of 92%, the article states.
The flexible system also performed better in terms of operation time. During testing, the flexible system produced the same amount of treated water as the constant-mode system, but in 33% less time, according to the article.
Cost-competitive system
Such reductions in the need for batteries and operator attention could lower the operating and maintenance costs of an off-grid EDR system, making it more affordable for remote areas. In fact, as part of a case study in a rural village in India, the researchers found that the flexible system could produce water that is 22% less expensive than that generated by a state-of-the-art solar-powered EDR system and 46% less expensive than water generated by a conventional solar-powered EDR system.
Meanwhile, the flexible solar-powered EDR system was found to be “cost-competitive” with on-grid reverse-osmosis systems that are often used to treat brackish groundwater in Indian villages, according to the article. Despite its higher capital costs, the flexible solar-powered EDR system offers certain advantages compared to on-grid RO. After installation, “... there are no (additional) energy costs during (its) lifetime, so the overall lifetime costs (of flexible solar-powered EDR) will be lower,” He notes.
Other benefits include higher recovery rates and, therefore, less brine requiring management.
Ahead of efforts to commercialize the technology, additional testing and further research of the flexible solar-powered EDR system will be conducted at the Alamogordo facility, He says.
Jay Landers is the editor in chief of Parking Today .
This article first appeared in the July/August 2024 issue of Civil Engineering as “Solar Power Boost.”
- Environmental Engineering
- Sustainability & Resilience
- Water & Water Resources
- Water Distribution
- Smart Design
- Desalination
- Water Resources Engineering
- Equity & Infrastructure
- International
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The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Code of Ethics is the model for professional conduct for ASCE members. An examination of the ethical cases considered by the ASCE Committee on Professional Conduct, as well as ethical issues affecting the profession. The Order of the Engineer was initiated in the United States to foster a spirit of ...
Code of Ethics. First adopted in 1914, the ASCE Code of Ethics is the model for professional conduct for ASCE members. The Code of Ethics was most recently updated on October 26, 2020. Download a printable copy in standard paper size (8.5"x11" PDF) or ledger paper size (11"x17" PDF). Download a previous version of the Code of Ethics (PDF).
Ethics is defined by Merriam-Webster, as "the principles of conduct governing an individual or a group." To uphold the integrity, honor and dignity of the civil engineering profession, ASCE first adopted a code of ethics in 1914. This collection of papers has been assembled to help engineers apply the ASCE Code of Ethics in your daily practice.
CANONS OR CODES OF ETHICS • NSPE, ASCE, ASME, AAES: Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public . . . (Fundamental Canon) • AIChE: Members shall hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public . . . • IEEE: We, the members of the IEEE . . . , do hereby . . . agree to accept responsibility in making decisions consistent with the safety, health and
Section 1 (a) of the new code states that engineers must "first and foremost, protect the health, safety, and welfare of the public," while section 1 (i) directs engineers to "report misconduct to the appropriate authorities where necessary to protect the health, safety, and welfare of the public.". Yet while protecting the public ...
Entrusted by the public to provide professional solutions to complex situations, engineers can face ethical dilemmas of all forms. In Engineering Ethics: Real World Case Studies, Starrett, Bertha, and Lara provide in-depth analysis with extended discussions and study questions of case studies that are based on real work situations.
A Practical Application of Code of Ethics in Failure Case Studies. Authors: Rui Liu. [email protected]. , Hossein Ataei, Kevin Rens, Tara L. Cavalline, Phil Hailes, Laura Sullivan-Green, Paul Bosela Sr., Norb Delatte, Jacelyn Rice-Boayue, Simon Adamtey, and Lameck Onsarigo Author Affiliations. Publication: Forensic Engineering 2022.
History of the ASCE Code of Ethics; Case Study #1: A straight-forward case of corruption during bidding of a levee reconstruction project following Hurricane Katrina; How the "best-value" bid evaluation method used in the levee reconstruction project created an environment conducive to corruption;
That conference was conducted online. The presentation focused on ethics case studies, an overview of the Proposed Code of Ethics in comparison to the existing Code of Ethics, a summary of key items inherent in the Proposed Code, and two test questions/case studies using the Proposed Code. A total of 112 individuals attended the presentation.
A Question of Ethics. Career & Growth. Ethics. A Question of Ethics. This column offers an examination of the ethical cases considered by the ASCE Committee on Professional Conduct, as well as ethical issues affecting the profession. These articles are published 11 times per year in Civil Engineering Magazine. Ethics. A Question of Ethics.
The topic will be "Case Studies in Engineering Ethics" with the following learning objectives: Review the ASCE Code of Ethics and understand the "hierarchy" of an engineer's ethical obligations. Test the engineer's understanding of ethical principles through application to real-world case studies. Consider best practices to contribute ...
the importance of real-life case histories becomes so evident. Whether presented formally at an ethics workshop or seminar or simply discussed informally among friends and colleagues, ethics case studies provide a helpful mechanism for sharing ideas and experiences among engineers at all lev-els of experience. While young members of the engineer-
The current ASCE Code of Ethics, adopted in October 2020, was the result of a years-long effort to develop a code that better reflects the needs of today's and tomorrow's engineers. ... ASCE's General Counsel will review the language of the Code and will test how it applies to actual case studies. Engineering is a proud, honorable, and ethical ...
The topic will be "Case Studies in Engineering Ethics" with the following learning objectives: Review the ASCE Code of Ethics and understand the "hierarchy" of an engineer's ethical obligations. Test the engineer's understanding of ethical principles through application to real-world case studies.
The current ASCE Code of Ethics, adopted in October 2020, was the result of a years-long effort to develop a code that better reflects the needs of today's and tomorrow's engineers. ... ASCE's General Counsel will review the language of the Code and will test how it applies to actual case studies. Engineering is a proud, honorable, and ethical ...
History of the ASCE Code of Ethics; Case Study #1: A straight-forward case of corruption during bidding of a levee reconstruction project following Hurricane Katrina; How the "best-value" bid evaluation method used in the levee reconstruction project created an environment conducive to corruption;
In the case of a conflict between ethical responsibilities, ... the American Society of Civil Engineers. Title: ASCE Code of Ethics Author: American Society of Engineers Subject: ASCE Code of Ethics Keywords: Standard sized rendering of the ASCE Code of Ethics (8.5 in x11 in) Created Date: 9/17/2021 4:41:41 PM ...
Recently, research focusing on the ethical conduct of civil engineers has amassed attention. The present research proposes a two-level, case-based discussion and analysis of comments on a case study using popular social media platforms; and a questionnaire survey exploring the involvement of professional civil engineers in social media discussions.
Get a custom case study on Cannon 6 of the ASCE Code of Ethics. Such an occasion contradicts with ASCE Code of Ethics and violates the Cannon 6 on upholding professional honor. It states that "Engineers shall not knowingly engage in business or professional practices of a fraudulent, dishonest or unethical nature" (ASCE, n.d., para. 6).
ASCE Code of Ethics Case Studies (Ohio T&M) Type: Timed and Monitored - designed for Ohio-licensed engineers. Price: $59.90 Purchase using Reward Tokens. Details. This course is specifically designed for Ohio-licensed engineers to qualify as a "timed and monitored" online course. The course contains an automatic timer that prevents the user ...
The current ASCE Code of Ethics, adopted in October 2020, was the result of a years-long effort to develop a code that better reflects the needs of today's and tomorrow's engineers. ... ASCE's General Counsel will review the language of the Code and will test how it applies to actual case studies. Engineering is a proud, honorable, and ethical ...
ASCE installs new Code of Ethics. 11/10/2020. 3 min read. ASCE has updated the primary document that guides and protects decisions made by civil engineers around the world. At its quarterly meeting Oct. 26, the ASCE Board of Direction approved the suggested changes to the Society's Code of Ethics, marking the first wholesale update of the ...
In the present study, 104 sets of flexural tests on corroded prestressed concrete (CPC) beams were gathered from different publications. A flexural strength database for CPC beams was created by incorporating standardized concrete strength and the corrosion rate of prestressed steel. This database enables the analysis of the impact of different factors on the flexural capacity, such as the ...
Test your civil engineering ethics. 3/27/2024. 4 MIN READ. A civil engineering ethics case study to ponder: "Shortly after obtaining her P.E. license, Sara was assigned to work on a large multi-department project. While Sara was initially excited by the opportunity to take on the exciting new challenge and to work and interact with a group of ...
Ethics; Awards & Honors; Get Involved; Career Paths; Civil Engineering Certification; Pre-College Outreach; ... In fact, as part of a case study in a rural village in India, the researchers found that the flexible system could produce water that is 22% less expensive than that generated by a state-of-the-art solar-powered EDR system and 46% ...