case study questions class 8 science chapter 9

• Friction Class 8 Case Study Questions Science Chapter 9

Last Updated on May 16, 2024 by XAM CONTENT

Hello students, we are providing case study questions for class 8 science. Case study questions are the new question format that is introduced in CBSE board. The resources for case study questions are very less. So, to help students we have created chapterwise case study questions for class 8 science. In this article, you will find case study questions for cbse class 8 science chapter 9 Friction.

Table of Contents

Case Study Questions on Friction

Question 1:

Read the given passage below and answer the question:

(I) The force required to overcome friction at the instant an object starts moving from rest is a measure of static friction. On the other hand, the force required to keep the object moving with the same speed is a measure of sliding friction. The sliding friction is slightly smaller than the static friction. When one body rolls over the surface of another body, the resistance to its motion is called rolling friction. Rolling reduces friction. It is always easier to roll than to slide a body over another.

Q.1. The following options show arrangement of types of friction according to decreasing order of applied friction. Select the correct order. (a) Rolling > Sliding > Static (b) Static > Rolling > Sliding (c) Sliding > Static > Rolling (d) Static > Sliding > Rolling

Difficulty Level: Easy

Ans. Option (d) is correct. Explanation: Rolling friction is least among all three types because the surface of wheels has minimal contact with the surface on which it rolls, thus minimising friction.

Q.2. In which of the following case one will have to apply maximum force? (a) Riding a bicycle (b) Trying to move a heavy rock from its resting place (c) Swimming in a pool (d) Drilling a hole in a wall

Ans. Option (b) is correct. Explanation: Stationary rock will experience static friction. Static friction is the highest; thus it will require maximum force or efforts to move it from its rest position.

Q.3. Oiling or greasing in machine parts: (a) Increases the friction between the parts (b) Decreases the friction between the parts (c) Both (a) and (b) are correct. (d) None of the above

Ans. Option (b) is correct.

Explanation: Oiling and greasing act as a lubricant. When oil, grease or graphite is applied between the moving part of a machine, a thin layer is formed there and moving surfaces do not directly rub against each other. Interlocking of irregularities is avoided to a great extent. Movement becomes smooth.

Q.4. Why static friction is more than sliding friction?

Ans. The friction is caused by the interlocking of irregularities in the two surfaces. It is obvious that the force of friction will increase if the two surfaces are pressed harder. The force required to overcome friction at the instant an object starts moving from rest is a measure of static friction. On the other hand, the force required to keep the object moving with the same speed is a measure of sliding friction. When the box starts sliding, the contact points on its surface, do not get enough time to lock into the contact points on the floor. So, the sliding friction is slightly smaller than the static friction.

Q.5. Classify the given examples into static, sliding and rolling friction Papers on a table, a box sliding on an inclined plain, car parked on a hill, ball moving on the ground, child playing on slide in a park, tyres of a bus.

Ans. Static Friction: Papers on a table, car parked on a hill. Sliding Friction: A box sliding on an inclined plain, child playing on slide in a park Rolling Friction: Ball moving on the ground, tyres of a bus.

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Crop production and management class 8 case study questions science chapter 1, topics from which case study questions may be asked.

• Learn the concept of friction.
• Understand the factors that affect frictional force.
• Learn the different types of friction.
• Understand the advantages and disadvantages of friction.
• Learn the methods to increase or decrease friction.
• Understand the concept of fluid friction and methods to reduce it.

The force which opposes the relative motion between two surfaces in contact is called friction. Friction is a necessary evil that makes us walk, write, hold things, etc. The liquids and gases also exert opposition forces on objects moving through them. This is called fluid friction.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on Friction Case Study Questions

Q1: what are case study questions for cbse examinations.

A1: Case study questions in CBSE examinations typically involve scenarios or real-life examples, requiring students to apply their understanding of concepts to solve problems or analyze situations.

Q2: Why are case study questions important for understanding class 8 science chapters?

A2: Case study questions provide a practical context for students to apply theoretical knowledge to real-world situations, fostering deeper understanding and critical thinking skills.

Q3: How should students approach answering case study questions for CBSE?

A3: Students should carefully read the case study, identify the key issues or problems presented, analyze the information provided, apply relevant concepts and principles of friction, and formulate well-supported solutions or responses.

Q4: Are there any resources available online for students to practice case study questions on class 8 science chapters for CBSE exams?

A4: Yes, several educational websites offer case study questions for CBSE students preparing for science examinations. We also offer a collection of case study questions for all classes and subject on our website. Visit our  website  to access these questions and enhance your learning experience.

Q5: How can students effectively prepare for case study questions on friction for CBSE exams?

A5: Effective preparation strategies include regular revision of concepts, solving practice questions, analyzing case studies from previous exams, seeking clarification on doubts, and consulting with teachers or peers for guidance and support.

Q6: How can teachers incorporate case study questions on friction class 8 science into classroom teaching?

A6: Teachers can integrate case studies into lesson plans, group discussions, or interactive activities to engage students in active learning, promote problem-solving skills, and facilitate a deeper understanding of concepts of friction.

Q7: Why soles of the rubber slippers become slippery after prolonged use?

A7: While walking the slipper’s sole and ground surface experiences friction which causes the sole to wear off.

Q8: What are lubricants? How do they work? Give two examples.

A8: The substances which reduce friction are called lubricants. Example Oil, grease, graphite etc. They work by forming a thin layer between machine parts. As a result, the moving surfaces do not directly rub against each other. Interlocking of irregularities is avoided to a great extent. Movement becomes smooth.

Q9: Will the force of friction come into play, when a rain drop rolls down a glass window pane?

A9: Yes, friction comes into play when two surfaces are in contact, e.g., glass and water in this case.

Q10: While playing tug of war, Preeti felt that the rope was slipping through her hands. Suggest a way out for her to prevent this.

A10: To prevent slipping the rope from her hands, Preeti has to make her hands somewhat non-smooth, so she can rub her hands by introducing the sand between them.

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Case Study Questions for Class 8 Science Chapter 9 Reproduction in Animals

• Last modified on: 12 months ago
• Reading Time: 4 Minutes

Here we are providing case study questions for CBSE Class 8 Science Chapter 9 Reproduction in Animals.

Case Study Questions

Question 1:

Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow-

For the continuity of life, all living things produce organisms of their own kind. This is called reproduction. A special organ system called the reproductive system is responsible for carrying out the process of reproduction in a living body. Although all living things reproduce they do so by different means. There are two types of Reproduction-Asexual and Sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction requires one parent while Sexual reproduction requires two parents to produce a baby. Asexual reproduction is the simplest form of reproduction and is commonly found in plants and lower animals like starfish, sponges and worms. Most plants and mammals, including human beings, reproduce sexually.

a) What is reproduction? i) Producing fruits ii) Producing young ones of its own kind iii) Producing food iv) All of these

b) What are the two types of reproduction? i) Budding ii) Fragmentation iii) Asexual reproduction iv) Sexual reproduction a. i) b. ii) c. ii&iv d. iii &iv

c) Which type of reproduction involves only one parent? i) Sexual reproduction ii) Asexual reproduction iii) Both of these iv) None of these

d) How do mammals reproduce? i) By sexual reproduction ii) By asexual reproduction iii) By budding iv) All of these

e)Identify the organism which reproduces asexually. i) Shark ii) Sponges iii) Snake iv) Snail

b) iii & iv (Option c)

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Class 9 Science Case Study Questions Chapter 8 Motion

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• Post category: class 9th
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Case study Questions in Class 9 Science Chapter 8 are very important to solve for your exam. Class 9 Science Chapter 8 Case Study Questions have been prepared for the latest exam pattern. You can check your knowledge by solving  Class 9 Science Case Study Questions Chapter 8 Motion

Join our Telegram Channel, there you will get various e-books for CBSE 2024 Boards exams for Class 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th.

In CBSE Class 9 Science Paper, Students will have to answer some questions based on Assertion and Reason. There will be a few questions based on case studies and passage-based as well. In that, a paragraph will be given, and then the MCQ questions based on it will be asked.

Motion Case Study Questions With Answers

Here, we have provided case-based/passage-based questions for Class 9 Science  Chapter 8 Motion

Case Study/Passage-Based Questions

Case Study 1: Answer the following questions by observing following diagram

(i)What is distance and displacement when the particle moves from point A to B?

(a)distance is equal to the displacement

(b)distance is greater than and equal to the displacement

(c)distance is lesser than and equal to the displacement

(d)none of the above

Answer: (a)distance is equal to the displacement

(ii)What is Displacement when the particle moves from point A to D?

(d)   none of the above

Answer: (b) 20km

(iii) What is Displacement when particle moves from point A to C through A-B-C?

(c) 10√2 km

Answer: (c) 10√2 km

(iv) Find distance covered when particle moves in path ABCDA i.e. starts from A and ends at A?

Answer: (c) 40 km

(v) Find Displacement covered when particle moves in path ABCDA i.e. starts from A and ends at A?

Answer: (b) 0km

Case Study 2:

Distance is the length of the actual path covered by an object, irrespective of its direction of motion. Displacement is the shortest distance between the initial and final positions of an object in a given direction. Distance is a scalar quantity. Displacement is a vector quantity. Distance covered can never be negative. It is always positive or zero. Displacement may be positive, negative or zero.

(i) ______________ is the actual path covered by an object. (a) Speed (b) Motion (c) Velocity (d) Distance

Answer: (d) Distance

(ii) _______________ is the shortest distance between the initial and final positions of an object. (a) Displacement (b) Acceleration (c) Distance (d) Motion

Answer: (a) Displacement

(iii) Which of the following is a scalar quantity? (a) Displacement (b) Distance (c) Velocity (d) Acceleration

Answer: (b) Distance

(iv) Distance covered ____________ (a) can never be negative. (b) can never be positive. (c) can never be zero. (d) can be positive or negative.

Answer: (a) can never be negative.

(v) Which of the following is vector quantity? (a) Displacement (b) Velocity (c) Acceleration (d) All of these

Answer: (d) All of these

Case Study 3:

Motion is a fundamental concept in science that involves the change in position of an object with respect to its surroundings. When an object changes its position with time, it is said to be in motion. Motion can be described in terms of various parameters, such as distance, displacement, speed, and velocity. Distance is the total path covered by an object, while displacement is the change in position of an object in a particular direction. Speed is the rate at which an object covers distance, while velocity is the rate of change of displacement with respect to time. Motion can be classified into different types, such as linear motion, circular motion, and periodic motion. Understanding the principles and measurements of motion is essential in analyzing and predicting the behavior of objects in the physical world.

What is motion? a) The change in position of an object with respect to its surroundings b) The total path covered by an object c) The rate at which an object covers distance d) The change in position of an object in a particular direction Answer: a) The change in position of an object with respect to its surroundings

How is displacement different from distance? a) Displacement is the total path covered by an object, while distance is the change in position of an object. b) Displacement is the change in position of an object with respect to its surroundings, while distance is the total path covered by an object. c) Displacement is the rate at which an object covers distance, while distance is the change in position of an object in a particular direction. d) Displacement is the change in position of an object in a particular direction, while distance is the rate of change of displacement with respect to time. Answer: b) Displacement is the change in position of an object with respect to its surroundings, while distance is the total path covered by an object.

What is speed? a) The change in position of an object with respect to its surroundings b) The total path covered by an object c) The rate at which an object covers distance d) The change in position of an object in a particular direction Answer: c) The rate at which an object covers distance

How is velocity different from speed? a) Velocity is the total path covered by an object, while speed is the change in position of an object. b) Velocity is the change in position of an object with respect to its surroundings, while speed is the total path covered by an object. c) Velocity is the rate at which an object covers distance, while speed is the change in position of an object in a particular direction. d) Velocity is the rate of change of displacement with respect to time, while speed is the rate at which an object covers distance. Answer: d) Velocity is the rate of change of displacement with respect to time, while speed is the rate at which an object covers distance.

What are the different types of motion? a) Linear motion and circular motion b) Periodic motion and random motion c) Circular motion and periodic motion d) Random motion and linear motion Answer: a) Linear motion and circular motion

Hope the information shed above regarding Case Study and Passage Based Questions for Class 9 Science Chapter 8 Motion with Answers Pdf free download has been useful to an extent. If you have any other queries about CBSE Class 9 Science Motion Case Study and passage-based Questions with Answers, feel free to comment below so that we can revert back to us at the earliest possible By Team Study Rate

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Cbse, ncert and icse solution online, class 8 science case study question, case study question class 8 science (cbse / ncert board).

Class 8 Science Case Study Question and Answer: CBSE / NCERT Board Class 8 Science Case Study Question prepared by expert Science Teacher. Students can learn Case Based Question / Paragraph Type Question for NCERT Class 8 Science.

There are total 18 chapter Crop Production and Management, Microorganisms: Friend and Foe

, Synthetic Fibres and Plastics, Materials: Metals and Non-Metals, Coal and Petroleum, Combustion and Flame, Conservation of Plants and Animals, Cell – Structure and Functions, Reproduction in Animals, Reaching the Age of Adolescence, Force and Pressure, Friction, Sound, Chemical Effects of Electric Current, Some Natural Phenomena, Light, Stars and the Solar System, Pollution of Air and Water

For any problem during learning any Case or any doubts please comment us. We are always ready to help You.

CBSE Class 8 Science Case Study Question

• Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management Case Study Question
• Chapter 2 Microorganisms: Friend and Foe Case Study Question
• Chapter 3 Synthetic Fibres and Plastics Case Study Question
• Chapter 4 Materials: Metals and Non-Metals Case Study Question
• Chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum Case Study Question
• Chapter 6 Combustion and Flame Case Study Question
• Chapter 7 Conservation of Plants and Animals Case Study Question
• Chapter 8 Cell – Structure and Functions Case Study Question
• Chapter 9 Reproduction in Animals Case Study Question
• Chapter 10 Reaching the Age of Adolescence Case Study Question
• Chapter 11 Force and Pressure Case Study Question
• Chapter 12 Friction Case Study Question
• Chapter 13 Sound Case Study Question
• Chapter 14 Chemical Effects of Electric Current Case Study Question
• Chapter 15 Some Natural Phenomena Case Study Question
• Chapter 16 Light Case Study Question
• Chapter 17 Stars and the Solar System Case Study Question
• Chapter 18 Pollution of Air and Water Case Study Question

What is Case Study Question?

Ans. At case Study there will one paragraph and on the basis of that concept some question will made. Students have to solve that question.

How many marks will have at case based question?

Most of time 5 questions will made from each case. There will 1 or 2 marks for each question.

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Important Questions for CBSE Class 8 Science Chapter 9 - Reproduction in Animals

• Class 8 Important Question
• Chapter 9: Reproduction In Animals

Reproduction in Animals Class 8 Important Questions with Solutions: Free PDF Download

To help the students with their exam preparations and to get the important topics easily without any struggle, subject experts at Vedantu, with a lot of research on exam patterns, previous year's question papers, and the latest sample papers issued by the CBSE board, created the important questions for Class 8 Science Chapter 9. Some of the questions frequently asked in previous year's papers in Class 8 are also included in these important questions pdf. So, practising them will prepare students effectively for the exams. These important questions will also familiarise students with the exam's marking scheme and difficulty level. 

Vedantu is a platform that also strives to provide  free CBSE Solutions (NCERT) and other study materials for students. Maths and Science Students who are looking for better solutions can download Class 8 Maths and Class 8 Science NCERT Solutions to revise the complete syllabus and score more marks in examinations.

Topics Covered In Class 8 Science Chapter 9 Reproduction In Animals

Class 8 Science Chapter 9 Reproduction in Animals - Highlights

Reproduction is a biological process in which new offspring is produced from their parents.

Modes of Reproduction:

There are two different modes of reproduction, they are:

1. Sexual Reproduction: The process by which a new organism is formed by the fusion of genetic material from the male and female parents. The genetic material is carried out by specialised cells called gametes.

Male Reproductive System: Male reproductive system consists of a pair of testes, urethra, scrotum, and penis.

Testosterone is the male sex organ produced in the testes. It is responsible for the production of secondary sexual characters in males.

Female Reproductive System: Female reproductive system consists of the ovary, uterus, cervix, vagina, fallopian tubes, and endometrium.

Estrogen or oestrogen is the primary sex hormone produced in female ovaries. It is responsible for the production of secondary sexual characters and maintains the menstrual cycle and the development of the female gamete.

2. Asexual Reproduction: It is a type of reproduction that doesn’t involve the fusion of gametes. The produced offspring are unicellular or multicellular and these inherit the exact genes of the parents. The different types of asexual reproduction include Fission, fragmentation, agamogenesis, spore formation, budding, and vegetative reproduction.

What is Fertilisation?

The process of fusion of haploid male and female gametes to form a diploid zygote is called fertilisation. The fertilised ovum is called a zygote. Human fertilisation takes place in the fallopian tube and then the zygote is carried to the uterus where the zygote undergoes multiple numbers of divisions to develop an embryo and the developed embryo grows as a foetus.

The fertilisation process takes place in two ways one is external fertilisation and the other is internal fertilisation.

External Fertilisation: If the fertilisation happens outside the body, it is called external fertilisation.

Amphibians and fishes use this type of fertilisation.

Internal Fertilisation: The process of fertilisation takes place inside the female body, it is called internal fertilisation.

Mammals, birds, and reptiles use this type of fertilisation.

Benefits of Solving CBSE Class 8 Science Chapter 9 Important Questions

Students can get the following benefits when practising Class 8 Science Chapter 9 important questions:

Solving the questions repeatedly is the best way for the students to develop  time management skills.

Frequently asked questions in exams are covered in the pdf. Practising those will boost students' confidence level.

Solving various types of questions of this chapter ensures to develop students' problem-solving skills.

Practising the questions repeatedly strengthens students' chapter concepts and will help them to present the answer in the exam in a better way. 

How to Practise the CBSE Class 8 Science Chapter 9 Important Questions

Practise the question of  Class 8 Science Chapter 9 without a break.

Do not look for an answer while solving the questions. Always try to write the answer on your own first as this will help you to develop problem-solving skills.

Allocate a time limit for solving the questions and try to finish it in that time duration.

After completing it, do self-evaluation first.

Write and learn those questions repeatedly that you find most difficult and attempted wrong in the first attempt.

Extra Questions For Practice

Very short answer type questions.

What are the male and female reproductive organs included?

What is known as Ova?

Define internal fertilisation.

Where does the embryo develop?

What are viviparous and oviparous?

Short Answer Type Questions

Explain IVO or In Vitro fertilisation process.

What is budding?

What is known as Binary Fission?

What are buds?

What is metamorphosis?

Long  Answer Type Questions

Explain the importance of reproduction in organisms.

Explain the life cycle of the frog with a diagram.

Referring to the Class 8 Science Chapter 9 Extra Questions helps to increase their confidence during the exam preparation and it is one of the best study materials that can be used for free. All these topics are important not only from the exam point of view but also provide knowledge about the basic topics which we will use often in future studies and in our daily life. Having knowledge of Class 8 Science Chapter 9 Extra Questions will help the students to solve the tricky questions in an easy manner.

FAQs on Important Questions for CBSE Class 8 Science Chapter 9 - Reproduction in Animals

1. Why does the frog lay the egg coverless, whereas Hen lays it with a hard cover  according to Chapter 9 Reproduction in Animals of Class 8 Science?

In the case of hen, it reproduces through the process of internal fertilisation. So, in hens, the egg is already fertilised before coming out in the form of an egg. In the case of frogs, external fertilisation takes place in which the egg actually fertilises outside the female body. In the water body, females lay coverless eggs. Later, male deposit their sperm over them. The sperm swims with the help of the tail and fuses with the egg. It is impossible for the sperm to fuse with the eggs if they have hard covering and thus the reproduction will not happen. This is the reason why the frog lays egg coverless and hen lays it with a hard cover.

2. Why are millions of sperms produced?

The reproductive organs of the male include a pair of testes, two sperm ducts, and a penis. Male gametes known as sperms are produced by the testes. Millions of sperm are produced by the testes at a time, out of which only one fuses with the egg. This is the reason millions of sperm are produced to make fertilisation in the female body successful. Each sperm has a head, a middle piece, and a tail and are very small in size. Each sperm is a single cell which has all the usual cell components.

3. What is budding?

 Budding is a type of asexual mode of reproduction in which a new organism or new individual is formed from a small part of a single parent. This outgrowth is known as bud. This bud gets separated from the parent’s body on maturation to grow into a new individual. This reproduction process is called budding. For example, through the process of budding, only hydra, yeast, and sponges produce their young ones. But, buds are not separated from their parent’s body in some organisms like sponges and they form a colony and remain attached to the parent's body.

4. A mother gives birth to a baby but the baby has the characteristics of both parents. How?

Sexual reproduction occurs in human beings. Two gametes, the female gamete egg in the mother and male gamete sperm in the father fuse together to form zygotes during fertilisation. So, in the mother’s body, the zygote develops into a body. Due to this, the baby is born by the combination of the genetic material of the two. This is the reason why the baby has characteristics of both the parents even though the mother gives birth.

5. What do you mean by binary fission?

Binary fission is a kind of asexual reproduction in which an organism reproduces itself by dividing into two individuals. In this process, the parent cell divides into two daughter cells in which each daughter cell receives one copy of its parent DNA. They are genetically identical to each other. The identity of the parent is technically lost. For example, this kind of reproduction occurs in single-celled Eukaryotes like the Amoeba and the Paramoecium. To know more about  Chapter 9 Reproduction in Animals of Class 8 Science, refer to the notes provided by Vedantu . 

Chapterwise Important Questions for CBSE Class 8 Science

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Case Study Questions Class 8 Science Crop Production and Management

Case study questions class 8 science chapter 1 crop production and management, cbse case study questions class 8 science crop production and management, case study 1, case study 2, case study 3, case study 4.

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Case study 5

Que. 5) Answer: In the drip irrigation system, water falls drop by drop directly near the roots. It is considered to be a best technique for watering fruit plants, gardens and trees. It reduces wastage of water and ideal for places with poor availability of water.

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Reproduction in Animals Class 8 Science Extra Questions and Answers

Reproduction in Animals Class 8 Science Chapter 9 Extra Questions with Answers are provided here. We prepared these extra questions based on the latest NCERT Class 8 Science Book. CBSE Class 8 Science Chapter 9 Reproduction in Animals Extra Questions will help you to properly understand a particular concept of the chapter.

Class 8 Science Chapter 9 Reproduction in Animals Extra Questions

Very short answer type question.

Question 1: Name two animals which reproduce sexually.

Answer: Cow, Elephant

Question 2: Name two animals which reproduce asexually.

Answer: Hydra, Amoeba

Question 3: Which type of reproduction involves gametes?

Answer: Sexual reproduction

Question 4: Which type of reproduction does not involve gametes?

Answer: Asexual reproduction

Question 5: What is another term for a fertilised egg?

Answer: Zygote

Question 6: Name the reproductive process which involves two parents.

Question 7: Name the reproductive process which involves one parent.

Question 8: What type of fertilization takes place in hen?

Answer: Internal fertilization takes place in hen.

Question 9: Name the organs which produce sperms in human.

Answer: The testes produce sperms in human.

Question 10: What are the male gametes in humans called?

Answer: The male gametes in humans are called sperms.

Question 11: What are the female gametes in humans called?

Ans. Female gametes in humans are called ova (eggs).

Question 12: Name the organs which produce female gametes.

Answer: Ovaries produce female gametes.

Question 13: Name the parent sheep of which dolly was a clone.

Answer: Finn Dorsett sheep

Question 14: Where does a fertilized egg (or zygote) develop into a baby?

Answer: A fertilized egg (or zygote) develops into a baby in the uterus.

Question 15: What are the reproductive organs of male?

Answer: The reproductive organs in male include testes, sperm ducts and penis.

Question 16: What term is used for bulges observed on the sides of the body of hydra?

Answer: Buds

Question 17: What is the name given to the fusion of male and female gametes?

Answer: Fertilization is the name given to the fusion of male and female gametes.

Question 18: What are the reproductive organs of female?

Answer: The reproductive organs in the female include ovaries, oviducts and uterus.

Question 19: What is foetus?

Answer: The stage of the embryo in which all the body parts can be identified is called a foetus.

  Question 20: In which female reproductive organ does the embryo get embedded?

Ans. The embryo gets embedded in the wall of the uterus for further development.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1: What type of asexual reproduction take place in amoeba?

Answer: Amoeba reproduces by the common asexual reproduction method called binary fission.

Question 2: Who cloned Dolly the sheep?

Answer: Dolly was cloned by Ian Wilmut and his colleagues at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland.

Question 3: What purpose does the tail in a sperm serve?

Answer: Tail allows the sperm to become motile, hence helps the sperm to reach female gametes for fusion. 

Question 4: What is cloning?

Answer: Cloning is the production of an exact copy of a cell, any other living part, or a complete organism.

Question 5: What are the two modes of reproduction in animals?

Answer: There are two modes by which animals reproduce. These are: (i) Sexual reproduction, and (ii) Asexual reproduction.

Question 6: What are the reproductive organs in humans which produce the gametes?

Answer: The ovary produces female gametes called ova and the testes produce male gametes called sperms.

Question 7: Which life process ensures that a plant or animal species will not disappear from the earth?

Answer: Reproduction is the life process ensures that a plant or animal species will not disappear from the earth.

Question 8: Explain the importance of reproduction in organisms.

Answer: Reproduction is essential for the continuation of a species. It ensures the continuation of similar kinds of individuals, generation after generation.

Question 9: What is an embryo?

Answer: The zygote divides repeatedly to give rise to a ball of cells. The cells then begin to form groups that develop into different tissues and organs of the body. This developing structure is termed as an embryo.

Question 10: Name the technique which is used to help a woman with blocked oviducts to have a baby.

Answer: . IVF or in vitro fertilization (fertilization outside the body) is the technique which is used to help a woman with blocked oviducts to have a baby.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1: Describe the process of fertilization in human beings.

Answer: The first step in the process of reproduction is the fusion of a sperm and an ovum. When sperms come in contact with an egg, one of the sperms may fuse with the egg. Such fusion of the egg and the sperm is called fertilization. During fertilization, the nuclei of the sperm and the egg fuse to form a single nucleus. This results in the formation of a fertilized egg or zygote.

Question 2: How does a hydra reproduce?

Answer: Hydra reproduces asexually by the process of budding. A small outgrowth called ‘bud’ is formed on the side of its body. This bud then grows gradually to form a small hydra. And finally the tiny new hydra detaches itself from the body of parent hydra and lives as a separate organism.

Question 3: Give two differences between a zygote and a foetus.

Answer:  Differences between a zygote and a foetus

Question 4: Give two differences between zygote and embryo.

Answer: Differences between zygote and embryo

Question 5: Why do fish and frogs lay eggs in hundreds?

Answer: Though these animals lay hundreds of eggs and release millions of sperms, all the eggs do not get fertilized and develop into new individuals. This is because the eggs and sperms get exposed to water movement, wind and rainfall. Also, there are other animals in the pond which may feed on eggs. Thus, production of large number of eggs and sperms is necessary to ensure fertilization of at least a few of them.

Question 6: Explain how chicks are born.

Answer: Internal fertilization takes place in hens also. Soon after fertilization, the zygote divides repeatedly and travels down the oviduct. As it travels down, many protective layers are formed around it. The hard shell that we see in a hen’s egg is one such protective layer. After the hard shell is formed around the developing embryo, the hen finally lays the egg. The embryo takes about 3 weeks to develop into a chick.

Question 7: Define asexual reproduction. Describe two methods of asexual reproduction in animals.

Answer: The type of reproduction in which only a single parent is involved is called asexual reproduction. The two methods of asexual reproduction in animals are:

Budding – In this type of asexual reproduction, a small part of the body of the parent organism grows as a ‘bud’ which then detaches and becomes a new organism. Example- hydra

Binary fission – In this type of asexual reproduction, the parent organism splits (or divides) to form two new organisms. Example – Amoeba reproduces by binary fission by dividing itself into two parts.

Question 8: Differentiate between Viviparous and Oviparous Animals.

Answer: Difference between Viviparous and Oviparous Animals

Question 9: What is the basic difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?

Answer: Difference between asexual and sexual reproduction

Question 10: Differentiate between internal fertilization and external fertilization.

Answer: Difference between internal fertilization and external fertilization

Question 11: What is metamorphosis? Give examples.

Answer: The transformation of the larva into adult through drastic changes is called metamorphosis. Commonly known examples of metamorphosis include the process undergone by most insects and the transformation of tadpoles into frogs. The diagram below shows the stages of this change, wherein the small fish-like tadpoles transform into what seems a completely different animal:

Question 12: How does fertilization take place in frog? Or How do frog eggs get fertilized? Or How does fertilization occur in frog?

Answer: During spring or rainy season, frogs and toads move to ponds and slow flowing streams. When the male and female come together in water, the female lays hundreds of eggs. Frog’s egg is not covered by a shell and it is comparatively very delicate. A layer of jelly holds the eggs together and provides protection to the eggs. As the eggs are laid, the male deposits sperms over them. Each sperm swims randomly in water with the help of its long tail. The sperms come in contact with the eggs. This results in fertilization.

Question 13: What is ‘in vitro fertilization’ technique of reproduction? Or What are test-tube babies?

Answer: In some women oviducts are blocked. These women are unable to bear babies because sperms cannot reach the egg for fertilization. In such cases, doctors collect freshly released egg and sperms and keep them together for a few hours for IVF or in vitro fertilization (fertilization outside the body). In case fertilization occurs, the zygote is allowed to develop for about a week and then it is placed in the mother’s uterus. Complete development takes place in the uterus and the baby is born like any other baby. Babies born through this technique are called test-tube babies.

Question 14: How could a single cell become such a big individual?

Answer: Fertilization results in the formation of zygote. The zygote divides repeatedly to give rise to a ball of cells. The cells then begin to form groups that develop into different tissues and organs of the body. This developing structure is termed an embryo. The embryo gets embedded in the wall of the uterus for further development. The embryo continues to develop in the uterus. It gradually develops the body parts such as hands, legs, head, eyes, ears, etc. The stage of the embryo in which all the body parts can be identified is called a foetus. When the development of the foetus is complete, the mother gives birth to the baby.

Question 15: What are the steps involved in sexual reproduction in animals?

Answer: Steps involved in sexual reproduction in animals are:

• The male parent produces male gametes called sperms. Sperm is a single cell with all the usual cell components.
• The female parent produces female gametes called eggs (or ova). Like the sperm, an egg is also a single cell.
• The sperm enters into the egg. The nucleus of sperm fuses with the nucleus of egg cell to form a new cell called zygote.
• The zygote divides repeatedly to form a hollow ball of hundreds of cells which is called embryo.
• Embryo grows and becomes a foetus in which all main body features of the baby animal have formed.
• Foetus grows and develops to form a new baby animal.

At Study Path, you can also learn more about Class 8 Science Chapter 9 Reproduction in Animals by accessing the free exhaustive list of study materials and resources related to the chapter such as NCERT Solutions, Notes, Important Questions, and MCQ.

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