10 Hero Archetypes with Examples
As archetype means a typical example of something or some person, a hero , too, is an archetype. There are several types of hero archetypes. These range from classical hero archetypes such as Odysseus to common hero types of this postmodern age. The top ten hero archetype examples are as follows in order.
Example #1
Tragic Hero Archetype
Such type of hero archetypes tops this list due to their popularity and certain character traits. Tragic heroes usually possess great qualities such as boldness, courage , intellect, sagacity, patience, and resilience but with a tragic flaw . It is also called an error of judgment due to which they suffer downfall and evoke pity and fear or catharsis in the audience . Some of the best tragic hero archetypes are as follows.
- Odysseus in Odyssey by Homer
- Antigone in Antigone by Sophocles
- Oedipus in Oedipus, The King by Sophocles
- Hamlet in Hamlet by William Shakespeare
- Romeo in Romeo and Juliet in William Shakespeare
Epic Hero Archetype
Although these types of hero archetypes match the qualities of tragic heroes, they lack some features due to which they do not match the catharsis that the tragic heroes evoke. Yet, they, too, come at the top of the list of their hero archetypes due to their nobility, legendary features, and superhuman qualities. However, they also do not seem to join the category of superhero archetypes as they still perform heroic and not superhuman deeds. They have appeared in the classical epics. Some of the best examples of epic hero archetypes are as follows.
- Achilles in Iliad by Homer
- Beowulf in Beowulf by Anonymous
- Enkidu and Gilgamesh in the Epic of Gilgamesh by Anonymous
Classical Hero Archetype
As the title suggests that these hero archetypes are from the classical age. It is not that the classical heroes have had just some traits as compared to epic or tragic heroes, they have some great skills and abilities that bring them at the top of the list among contemporary heroes. These skills include the ability to fight, cleverness, or agility. Although they live among human beings, in one or the other way, they demonstrate this superhuman quality to save humanity or serve the public. They differ from epic heroes in that they have just a few traits as opposed to epic heroes having noble lineage and a good upbringing. That is why this category of the archetype is placed third. Some of the best classical hero archetypes are as follows.
- Harry Potter in Harry Potter Series by J. K. Rowling
- Skywalker in Star Wars
Everyman Hero Archetype
Such archetypes are just ordinary persons without having any heroic qualities or character traits. These people undergo normal circumstances but when they face odds, they show grit and values like those of heroes. Yet, they do not have heroic qualities of courage, resilience, or warrior nature. Despite lacking these qualities, the display of common compassions, feelings, altruism, and love makes them heroes of ordinary people. Readers and audiences relate themselves to these characters for their self-correction. Some of the examples of everyman heroes are as follows.
- Anonymous Narrator in Fight Club by Chuk Palahniuk
- Common Man in A Man for All Seasons by Robert Bolt ( play )
- Leopold Bloom in Ulysses by James Joyce
- Jonathan Harker in Dracula by Bram Stoker
- Walter Mitty in The Secret Life of Walter Mitty by James Thurber
- Winston Smith in 1984 by George Orwell
Superhero Archetype
As the title suggests, such types of archetypes possess qualities that do not normally fall in the domain of human beings. They surpass the human domain and achieve abilities and character traits that make them show superior qualities. Such heroes fight crimes, protect the public, and use super powers and excellent skills to save the public from demons, ghosts, or even vampires. Their main aim is to make the world a better place for ordinary people. Some of the best superhero archetypes are as follows.
- Maximo, Big Little Book Series by Russel Winterbotham
- Captain America by Jack Kirby and Joe Simon (Cartoon series)
- Lady Luck in The Spirit Section (Comics)
- Phantom Lady in Police Comics
- Spiderman, Batman, the Hulk, Iron Man, Thor and Power Girl, etc.
Byronic Hero Archetype
As the title suggests, a Byronic hero archetype is based on the qualities suggested by Lord Byron , a popular romantic poet. Such heroes are often sullen, inscrutable as well as prickly. They are, however, rich in romantic feelings and passions. Interesting thing is that as they are based on Byronic qualities, they are often flawed, suffering from psychological scars, yet have strong morals . Their leading character trait is to attack the existing ethical framework and challenge the existing beliefs. Some examples of the Byronic archetypes examples are as follows.
- Darcy in Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen
- Faulkland in Caleb Williams by William Godwin
- Rochester in Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte
- Edmond Dantes in The Count of Monte Christo by Alexander Dumas
- Pechorin in A Hero of Our Times by Mikhail Lermontov
- Anti-Hero Archetype
Such types of archetype characters do not have heroic qualities like several other archetypes. They, rather, possess non-heroic or anti-heroic qualities such as immorality, dishonesty, treachery, and even greed. They, however, try to reconcile with the existing social fabric by curbing these wrong traits. When they undergo some mental conflict , they face the issue of choice between right and wrong, which places them in the category of heroes. Some of the best anti-hero archetype examples are as follows.
- Jay Gatsby in The Great Gatsby by Scott Fitzgerald
- Shylock in The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare
- Becky Sharp in Vanity Fair by William Makepeace Thackeray
- Satan in Paradise Lost by John Milton
- Holden in The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger
- Stephen Dedalus in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man by James Joyce
- Meursault in The Stranger by Albert Camus
Mentor Archetype
Such types of hero archetypes are either heroes or companions of heroes. Such characters often lack the main heroic qualities of waging a war, going to fight, showing physical strength, or demonstrating grit. However, they have old-age experience and skills that make them guide others as well as heroes present near them. Such characters equip heroes with the necessary skills. They save heroes just in the nick of time to assist them to save the world. Some of the best mentor archetype examples are as follows.
- Glinda in The Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum
- Dumbledore in Harry Potter by J. K. Rowling
- Thomas Nightingale in Rivers of London by Peter Grant
Example #9
- Lover Archetype
A lover archetype or such types of characters are involved in passionate love with some other characters. It seems that they wear their heart on their sleeves, but actually, they are devoted to their affection. They even put their safety at stake when they are protagonists . Despite living in luxury and beauty , they end up in tragedy . Most of these lover archetypes become the embodiment of love, attraction, beauty, and devotion. Some of the examples of the lover archetype are as follows.
- Angel Clare in Tess d’Urberville by Thomas Hardy
Example #10
Redeemer Archetype
Redeemer types of archetypes are characters who bring redemption to their people, tribes, or nations. They pay for the transgressions of their generations and bring absolution for them. Some of them even assist others in atonement, while at times, they also help others rise up from disgrace and face the world. Some of these archetypes are religious, while some are not so religious. Yet, salvation lies in the ways they suggest through which they help others. Some of the best redeemer archetypes are as follows.
- Sir Henry Baskerville in The Hounds of the Baskerville by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
- Adam in Paradise Lost by John Milton
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Hero Archetype: Definition, 10 Examples and How to Write
The hero archetype has been a fundamental element in storytelling since the beginning of time. From ancient myths to modern-day superhero stories, the hero archetype has evolved but continues to captivate audiences worldwide. As a writer, understanding the hero archetype can be instrumental in crafting a compelling and relatable protagonist that resonates with readers.
In this article, we’ll explore the hero archetype and how to use it in your writing, with ten great examples to help you along the way.
What is the Hero Archetype?
The hero archetype is a pattern of characteristics and behaviors commonly found in protagonists across cultures and stories. These heroes embark on a quest or journey, often facing trials and tribulations, to achieve a goal or overcome an obstacle. They often possess noble qualities such as courage, selflessness, and a desire to help others. They have a special skill or talent that sets them apart from others, and they use this skill to achieve their goals. The hero archetype is often associated with the monomyth, also known as the heroic journey, a storytelling structure that includes various stages the hero must go through to achieve their ultimate goal.
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Ten Examples of the Hero Archetype in Stories
1. harry potter from j.k. rowling’s harry potter series.
The Harry Potter series is a classic example of the hero archetype. Harry, the protagonist, is an orphan boy who discovers he is a wizard and embarks on a journey to defeat the evil Lord Voldemort. He possesses magical abilities that set him apart from others and is aided by friends who help him along the way. Harry faces numerous trials, including battling Voldemort’s followers and overcoming personal obstacles, but ultimately prevails in defeating the dark lord.
2. Katniss Everdeen in Suzanne Collin’s Hunger Games
Suzanne Collins’ Hunger Games trilogy features Katniss Everdeen, a teenage girl who volunteers for the titular games to save her younger sister. Katniss is a skilled archer and survivor, using her wits and abilities to overcome the various obstacles she faces in the arena. She becomes a symbol of hope for the oppressed people of her world, leading a rebellion against the corrupt government and ultimately defeating them.
3. Luke Skywalker from Star Wars
The Star Wars franchise features Luke Skywalker, a farm boy who discovers he is part of a noble lineage of Jedi knights. He is aided by his mentor, Obi-Wan Kenobi, and friends like Han Solo and Princess Leia as he battles the evil Empire. Luke overcomes various challenges, including defeating Darth Vader, to become a hero of the Rebellion.
4. Wonder Woman from DC Comics
DC Comics’ Wonder Woman is a powerful superhero and Amazonian warrior princess. She possesses superhuman strength, agility, and combat skills and uses them to fight for justice and peace. She has faced many challenges and enemies over the years, including Ares, the God of War, but always emerges victorious, inspiring others with her courage and conviction.
5. Mulan from Disney’s Mulan
Disney’s Mulan is a young woman who disguises herself as a man to take her father’s place in the army. She possesses courage and fighting skills that allow her to excel in battle, ultimately saving China from invasion. Mulan also demonstrates compassion and selflessness, risking her life to save her fellow soldiers and becoming a beloved hero in her country.
6. Neo from The Matrix
The Matrix features Neo, a computer programmer who discovers he is the prophesied savior of humanity. Neo possesses extraordinary abilities within the Matrix, such as superhuman strength and agility, which he uses to fight against the machines that control humanity. He is aided by allies like Morpheus and Trinity, and must overcome various challenges, including the Agents, to ultimately fulfill his destiny and bring about the end of the Matrix.
7. Odysseus from Homer’s The Odyssey
Odysseus is a Greek hero who embarks on a perilous journey home after the Trojan War. He faces numerous obstacles and challenges, including the wrath of the gods, treacherous sea creatures, and the temptation of pleasure and luxury. Despite these challenges, Odysseus persists, using his cunning intelligence, strength, and determination to ultimately triumph over his enemies and return home to his wife and kingdom. He embodies the qualities of a hero, such as courage, perseverance, and resourcefulness, and his journey serves as a timeless example of the hero’s journey.
8. Bilbo Baggins from J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Hobbit
The Hobbit features Bilbo Baggins, a hobbit who is recruited by a group of dwarves to help them reclaim their lost treasure from the dragon Smaug. Bilbo possesses a sense of adventure and a cleverness that helps him navigate the various challenges he faces, including Gollum and the spiders of Mirkwood. He ultimately succeeds in his mission and returns home a changed and heroic figure.
9. Rocky Balboa from the Rocky franchise
Rocky Balboa is a boxer who uses his determination and fighting skills to overcome obstacles and become a champion. He is aided by his mentor, Mickey, and his wife, Adrian, and ultimately becomes a symbol of perseverance and success.
10. Buffy Summers from Buffy the Vampire Slayer
Buffy Summers fights against supernatural forces to protect the world. She possesses exceptional abilities that set her apart from others, including physical strength and combat skills, but also has flaws and weaknesses that make her relatable and human. Buffy faces numerous challenges and obstacles throughout her journey, often aided by mentors and allies, and undergoes a transformation from a reluctant hero to a confident and capable warrior.
How to Use the Hero Archetype in Your Writing
Incorporating the hero archetype into your writing can help create a compelling and relatable protagonist that resonates with readers. Here are some tips on how to use the hero archetype effectively:
- Give your hero a goal : The hero archetype is often associated with a quest or journey. Giving your protagonist a clear goal, such as defeating a villain or saving a loved one, can provide a sense of direction and purpose to the story.
- Develop the hero’s strengths and weaknesses : A hero should possess qualities that set them apart from others, such as bravery or intelligence. However, they should also have flaws and weaknesses that make them relatable and human.
- Create obstacles for the hero to overcome : The hero archetype is often associated with facing challenges and obstacles on their journey. These obstacles should be difficult and provide a sense of tension and conflict in the story.
- Provide a mentor or allies for the hero : The hero should not be alone on their journey. Providing a mentor or allies for the hero can offer support and guidance, and provide an opportunity for character development and growth.
- Show the hero’s transformation : The hero should undergo a transformation throughout the story, whether it be in their beliefs or actions. This transformation should be a result of the challenges they face and the lessons they learn along the way.
Final Word on the Hero Archetype
The hero archetype is a powerful tool in storytelling, providing a relatable and compelling protagonist that resonates with readers. By understanding and utilizing the hero archetype, writers can create memorable and engaging stories that captivate audiences worldwide. Whether it be through the magical world of Harry Potter or the epic adventure of Star Wars , the hero archetype continues to inspire and captivate audiences with its timeless themes of courage, selflessness, and the triumph of good over evil.
More Heroic Journey Resources
- Villain Archetype
- Hero Archetype
- Mentor Archetype
- Trickster Archetype
- Shapeshifter Archetype
- Herald Archetype
- Threshold Guardian Archetype
- Allies Archetype
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The Hero Archetype - Everything You Need To Know
This is the second article in our fifteen-part masterclass on archetypes. Learn more about archetypes in our first article .
Of all the character archetypes , the hero archetype is probably the most obvious, most popular, and best known.
While not all protagonists fall under this archetype, many do. From Odysseus to Anne Shirley, storytellers can’t stop gravitating back to this universally compelling character…
…the character whose emotionally loaded backstory sets them on a fevered mission. The character who ventures beyond their comfort zone to meet with danger and unexpected transformation.
The protagonist who uses the best of their power to defeat darkness and face down their demons, inspiring each of us to ask if that same capability might lie somewhere within us.
Who doesn’t love a hero?
If you’re planning to build a protagonist around this archetype, you have the potential to create a character readers will love and remember. But in order to do that, you have to understand what makes the hero archetype so compelling.
Because it’s not all magic, courage, and insane deltoids.
It’s also struggle, poor choices, and impossible dilemmas.
Ready to go deep?
Key Attributes of the Hero Archetype
First, let’s nail down a baseline idea of what the over-arching hero archetype is.
What makes a hero a hero?
What a Hero Does
You can pretty much always count on a hero to:
- Leave their ordinary world to pursue a mission in unfamiliar circumstances.
- Discover new friends and make new enemies, including one primary foe who seems undefeatable.
- Face tremendous trials.
- Learn difficult lessons.
- Experience an “all is lost” moment or a moral dilemma. Or both.
Many hero character arcs are transformational arcs, meaning the protagonist changes as a result of the journey. But this is not always the case. Characters like Sherlock Holmes and James Bond are the same story after story, beginning to end. (That’s called a flat character arc , if you’re taking notes.)
Most heroes come out the other end as winners, but as you’ll soon learn, there are a couple sub-archetypes where losing is the rule. The victorious heroes use their achieved goal to restore order or improve life for the folks back home.
Who a Hero Is
In terms of what the hero is like as a person, traits can vary. However, the most common qualities seen in the hero archetype are:
- Physical or magical strength.
- Physical, mental, and emotional resilience.
- Persistence.
- A strong sense of right and wrong.
- Commitment to a mission, relationship, or value system.
- An impulse to protect the defenseless or give a voice to the unheard.
Now that’s just the positive stuff. Your hero needs to fall short in a couple areas, too. Their failings help you create conflict, relatability, and make sure your reader has something to stress about when the antagonist shows up.
The hero’s shortcomings can be anything. For Jay Gatsby, it’s idealism, obsession, and a bit of a BS habit. For Moana, it’s a tendency to be single-minded to the point of recklessness. And for Harry Potter, it’s a refusal to develop any defense skills beyond slapping wands out of people’s hands. (Just kidding. But still.)
Throughout history, the most popular hero flaws tend to be arrogance and foolhardiness. But don’t let tradition hold you back. Design your character on your terms. Just make sure they aren’t perfect.
That’s the big picture stuff. Now we’re going to take a closer look at all the different ways you can approach the hero archetype. We’ll cover six sub-archetypes, their key characteristics, and familiar examples.
Along the way, I’ll show you how you can use the character notes feature in Dabble to build your own compelling hero.
The Classical Hero Archetype
The classical hero is, well, an obvious hero.
While a character of this archetype typically comes from humble beginnings or appears to be ordinary , they possess a remarkable ability that sets them apart . They may have always been aware of this ability or their discovery of it could occur as part of the call to adventure.
A classical hero uses their tremendous skill to battle a powerful foe for a righteous purpose . Typically, the battle they fight on the surface coincides with an internal battle —a struggle with identity, a powerful temptation, or any other fun drama.
This archetype tends to be courageous and they may be a tad arrogant, impulsive, or reckless. But they’ll also make a tremendous sacrifice for the sake of their cause .
Examples of the Classical Hero Archetype:
- Harry Potter (The Harry Potter Series)
- Katniss Everdeen (The Hunger Games Series)
- Mulan ( Mulan )
The Everyman Hero Archetype
The everyman (everyperson?) hero is built from a formula that is nearly guaranteed to captivate readers:
An ordinary person navigating extraordinary circumstances.
What makes this character heroic is not their abilities, but their heart and values . They have a strong moral compass , a selfless spirit, unfailing loyalty and a willingness to try beyond their proven abilities.
The everyman hero has the potential to resonate deeply with your readers because by their very nature, they suggest what many of us want to believe: that we can do incredible things when we show up with our whole hearts.
Examples of the Everyman Hero Archetype:
- Neville Longbottom (The Harry Potter Series)
- Bilbo Baggins (Everyhobbit) ( The Hobbit )
- Babe (Everypig) ( Babe )
The Superhero Archetype
This hero archetype is exactly what you think it is.
Wonder Woman. Shang-Chi. Captain Underpants.
But as self-explanatory as this hero category may seem, there are rules to follow if you want to write a superhero character well. This character needs:
- Extraordinary abilities or powers .
- An origin story that explains those abilities.
- A compelling motivation or mission that drives them. (The origin story can help with this, too.)
- A strict moral code .
- A secret identity.
Typically, a superhero faces off against a super villain who also possesses exceptional powers and a notable origin story.
Examples of the Superhero Archetype:
- Black Widow
- The Incredible Hulk
- Black Panther
The Tragic Hero Archetype
If you love tearing your reader’s hearts out, this is the hero archetype you’re looking for. An emotional reaction is exactly what Artistotle was going for when he developed this protagonist.
The tragic hero is destined for devastation . Their story ends in tragedy (go figure), not victory. And that tragedy is the result of either cruel, cruel fate or their own tragic flaw , also called “hamartia.”
It’s important to note that the tragic hero is a noble character , so the tragic flaw can’t be anything despicable. Save that one for your anti-hero.
The tragic hero’s flaw is something morally forgivable, like Oedipus’ hubris or Romeo’s over-the-top passion. (Who among us doesn’t have that friend who gets a little sonnet-crazy after a little foxy eye contact?)
Even when the tragic hero is part-architect of their own downfall, there still tends to be a “star-crossed” element at play. By the end of the story, the hero is either dead or suffering pretty hard. And the audience is feeling big feelings—what Aristotle called “catharsis.”
Examples of the Tragic Hero Archetype:
- Romeo ( Romeo and Juliet )
- Oedipus ( Oedipus Rex )
- Jack Dawson ( Titanic ) - Up for discussion: can we really blame the fates when there was clearly room on the door ?
The Epic Hero Archetype
The best-known epic heroes come from waaaay back. We’re talking Odysseus and Gilgamesh … folks like that.
The poet Homer defined an epic hero as being god-like . This archetype is still definitely human , but when battling supernatural enemies (as they often do), they prove to be shockingly powerful for a mere mortal.
An epic hero is of noble birth and lives in a mythical world . They grow to be a mighty warrior , and their adventures bring them far beyond their ordinary world . Word of their impressive victories makes them a legend in their homeland and beyond.
This hero archetype exemplifies the values of the culture telling their story. An epic hero demonstrates the attributes that are considered ideal in the author’s society . And in the event that the hero has an undesirable trait, you can bet they’ll be punished for it and make a change.
Examples of the Epic Hero Archetype:
- Odysseus ( The Odyssey )
- Gilgamesh ( Epic of Gilgamesh )
- Beowulf ( Beowulf )
The Anti-Hero Archetype
The anti-hero is the hero archetype you need to know if you want to create a hit cable show. This is Walter White. Dexter Morgan. Tony Soprano.
Anti-heroes are so compelling to watch and read because of the fascinating conflict they create within us. We see them as villains. We resent the destruction they cause. But we also can’t ignore their humanity, and many times, we can’t help but feel the tension when they’re in jeopardy.
If your reader anticipates your hero’s demise with equal parts dread and satisfaction, you’ve written a stellar anti-hero.
So how do you strike this tricky balance? It’s not easy. But if you’re up for the challenge, it helps that relatability is baked into the anti-hero formula.
To follow this hero archetype, your character needs a balance of both positive and negative traits . While their villainous inclinations will ultimately rule their choices , it will be their virtues or vulnerabilities that make them relatable to your reader.
We also see anti-heroes struggle in a way that the average villain does not. They may be battling their inner demons or desperately trying to overcome difficult circumstances . Either way, this is where you throw some shades of gray onto your protagonist’s dark deeds.
To that end, the anti-hero’s journey often (but not always) begins from a place of normalcy. They’re not a villain yet , and you’re about to show the reader how a good-natured Joe can go full-blown Skeletor.
Finally, just as with classical heroes, anti-heroes tend to be driven by a specific mission, philosophy, or values . They are despicable for a reason . It doesn’t have to be a good reason. But it does have to be a reason— ideally one that is unsettlingly logical .
Examples of the Anti-Hero Archetype:
- Othello ( Othello )
- Hannibal Lecter ( The Silence of the Lambs )
- George Costanza ( Seinfeld )
The Key to Mastering the Hero Archetype
For many writers, the greatest challenge in writing a hero lies in giving this character the dimension they deserve.
Often, when we think of a hero, we think of perfection. Traditional heroes are aspirational and admirable. They’re saviors and winners. We’re supposed to want to be just like them.
Most importantly, the hero is usually the protagonist. As writers, we know how important it is for our readers to care about the main character. So it feels safer to make our heroes good people with no truly objectionable traits or actions.
But when you approach your protagonist with only heroism in mind, you write a character who’s dull and unrelatable. This is where the hero archetypes save your bacon.
You may have noticed that each category of hero calls for flaws, weaknesses, or troubled pasts. Even the exhaustingly mighty epic heroes slip up. (Looking at you hard , Odysseus.)
This is what actually makes your protagonist lovable and relatable: their recognizable humanity.
Just look at how we connect with one another. The people who impress us live on pedestals. The ones we keep close are the ones who make us feel like we’re not alone in vulnerability and failure. And when the flawed among us succeed, we feel deeper joy and inspiration than when Beyonce does it.
So don’t be afraid of the dark origin story or the tragic flaw.
Those are things that make the hero in all of us.
Want to learn more about how Dabble can help you write unforgettable heroes? Check out our story structure articles on classic plotting methods like the Hero’s Journey or the Fichtean Curve to see examples of Dabble’s Plot Grid in action. Or take a shortcut and try Dabble for free for 14 days. Click here to start your free trial!
Abi Wurdeman is the author of Cross-Section of a Human Heart: A Memoir of Early Adulthood, as well as the novella, Holiday Gifts for Insufferable People. She also writes for film and television with her brother and writing partner, Phil Wurdeman. On occasion, Abi pretends to be a poet. One of her poems is (legally) stamped into a sidewalk in Santa Clarita, California. When she’s not writing, Abi is most likely hiking, reading, or texting her mother pictures of her houseplants to ask why they look like that.
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What is the Hero Archetype? Definition and Examples
by Fija Callaghan
Look, what’s that in the sky? A bird? A plane? No, it’s the hero archetype !! One of the most recognizable character archetypes in literature and film , heroes have captured our imagination for centuries. But it can, at times, be challenging to incorporate this archetype into your writing without turning it into a cliché.
It may surprise you to find that not all hero archetypes are cut from the same cloth. They can come from different walks of life and have different attitudes towards those around them. But , there are a few distinctive features that bind all heroes together. We’ll guide you through everything you need to know about this leading character archetype, with some helpful examples from literature.
What is a hero archetype?
The hero archetype is a character who acts as a force for the greater good, defending those weaker than themselves to the point of self sacrifice. They’re usually elevated above those around them in some way, whether that’s through a superpower or magical advantage, or through an exemplary personal trait such as great courage or compassion.
Traditionally, heroes are the protagonist of a story; the narrator follows them along their journey as the hero overcomes adversaries and protects those they love. Some of these protagonists set out to be heroes from the beginning, while others come to their hero-ness gradually as they’re shaped by their experiences.
We’ll look at the different forms a literary hero can take later in this article.
Characteristics of the hero archetype
Heroes can look very different across different genres and types of stories; however, there are a few key hero archetype characteristics that you’ll see recurring in this distinctive literary figure.
1. They’re loyal
Heroes are fiercely loyal to those they care about. For some, this might be a country, political system, or community; for others, it might only be one or two close family members or friends. Whether a hero’s personal battleground is large or small, they’re prepared to ride or die for the people they love.
For some hero archetypes, such as everyman heroes or anti-heroes (and we’ll look at both of those in more detail below), this loyalty can be the thing that pushes them from the role of survivor to true hero.
2. They have a code of honor
Heroes have a determined sense of what’s right and wrong. This isn’t a universal standard—what’s “wrong” can vary from one character to another. But within their own personal worldview, a hero archetype will have a clear line that they know they cannot cross.
For instance, maybe your hero is comfortable stealing from baddies, but they refuse to steal from those who are most in need. Or maybe your hero does some bad things in pursuit of justice, but they decided long ago that they won’t ever lie. Hero archetypes know exactly how far they’re willing to go, and what they need to do to hold themselves back from that line.
3. They have a particular strength that sets them apart
You can usually tell the hero of a story by their distinctive “superpower.” In many cases, this is an actual superpower or magical gift. They might be chosen or prophesied for a particular purpose, or come from a proud lineage of warriors.
However, your hero’s superpower could be something more benign: extraordinary courage, quick-thinking street skills, or a gift for making people laugh. This strength will, in some way, become essential on their hero’s journey and help them overcome obstacles along the way.
4. They stand up to injustice
One of the most admirable qualities of the hero archetype, heroes are always ready to stand up against perceived wrongdoing—whether this is a multinational conglomerate dumping toxic waste into a pristine ecosystem, or a bully on a playground. This can get them into trouble if they start a fight before they’re ready for it.
Sometimes, characters become heroes gradually over time. In this case, they might start out as too afraid to stand up to the injustices they see around them, but find the strength to do so later on. This can be an effective way to show your reader how much your character has grown.
5. They’re driven by something greater than themselves
A hero isn’t out for self-gain—even if they start off thinking they are. Their true goal will be about something more.
Maybe they’re driven by a need to repair a fundamentally corrupt society, or maybe they’re trying to protect a younger sibling from an outside enemy. It’s this ability to put the well-being of others before themselves—consciously or unconsciously—that makes them a hero.
Types of hero archetypes
Even though all true hero archetypes will share certain attributes, they can look quite different on the page depending on where they come from and where they ultimately end up in a story. Here are the specific types of hero archetype you’ll meet in literature and film.
The classical hero
The classical hero is a natural-born leader. They may not be the strongest or the fastest kid on the block, but they have a charismatic je ne sais quoi that makes people trust them and want to follow them. These heroes will usually have a strong moral compass and exhibit noble qualities such as courage, integrity, and compassion.
Often these heroes are of noble birth, but they can also just be well-loved people who always try to do the right thing. King Arthur is an example of this hero archetype.
The everyman hero
The everyman hero is a regular Joe (or Jane) who is thrown into extraordinary circumstances. They’re not born into great wealth or privilege, and they’re not gifted with magical abilities or extranatural intelligence. They look and act like anyone you might see walking down the street—any one of us—and yet, through their hero’s journey , they find they have the capacity for heroic deeds within them.
Readers particularly love everyman heroes because they show us that in times of crisis, we can rise to be heroes too. Simon Lewis from The Mortal Instruments is an example of an everyman hero archetype.
The epic or super hero
The epic hero or superhero archetype may have exploded onto cinema screens in recent years, but their roots run all the way back to the classical heroes of ancient mythology. They have extraordinary abilities and often find themselves pitted against equally extraordinary adversaries.
Unlike the everyman archetypal hero, these hero archetypes are completely removed from our own way of living. They allow readers a glimpse into another world, knowing that no matter how much danger the hero finds themselves in, everything will be okay in the end. Achilles from Greek mythology and Superman from DC comics are examples of epic heroes.
The anti-hero
The anti-hero archetype is a character who doesn’t fit the mold of a traditional hero in some way. Often, anti-heroes have personality traits more commonly associated with a villain , but they use those traits for good instead of evil.
An anti-hero might be broody, sarcastic, or short-tempered; they might lie or cheat their way through conflicts in pursuit of their goal. Anti-heroes are relatable and endearing, and readers love seeing their dynamic character arcs as they learn to fight for what’s right. Jack Sparrow from the Pirates of the Caribbean franchise and Batman from DC comics are examples of anti-hero archetypes.
The tragic hero
The tragic hero archetype is a hero that’s held back or brought down by a deep personal flaw. This might be something like excessive pride, impatience, ambition, or fear. The hero’s tragic flaw keeps them from realizing their full potential and, in many cases, leads to their downfall.
Sometimes, a tragic hero can overcome their flaw through the choices they make on their journey. For example, Dickens’ character Ebeneezer Scrooge has one deep and fatal flaw: his avarice. The story makes it clear what will happen to him if he allows this flaw to devour him. Ultimately, however, he’s able to grow and dodge that fate in favor of a happy ending. Shakespeare’s Macbeth is another example of the tragic hero archetype.
Examples of hero archetype characters from literature
Let’s look at some popular examples of heroes from our favorite stories.
Harry Potter
Harry Potter, the main character of the series by the same name, is a pretty classic hero figure. While he has certain everyman qualities that make him relatable to young readers, he’s also the focus of a magical prophecy and gifted with the bravery, nobility, and leadership skills that make him a hero others are willing to live and die for.
Despite his underdog upbringing in the ordinary world, Harry uses his heroism to inspire others and make his world a better place.
Wonder Woman
Wonder Woman encapsulates many of the classic superhero trappings, with one key difference: she’s a dame. In 1941, when she first appeared in the pages of DC comics, this was a pretty big deal. Superheroes weren’t a new thing at this point, but Wonder Woman taught young girls that they could be powerful, too.
Inspired by classical mythology, this hero archetype brought epic-scale battles to living color in a way that was approachable and relatable to modern readers.
Odysseus was the epic hero in the mythological cycle surrounding The Odyssey , The Iliad , and other works of the time. To this day, readers still love the range of retellings about Odysseus and his friends overcoming obstacles, conquering beasties, and finding their way home.
His stories formed the basis of much of the adventure genre, and you can find echoes of this hero archetype all across literature.
Tristran Thorn
The protagonist of Neil Gaiman’s Stardust and the film of the same name is a less obvious hero than some of these others; he grows from a curious and lovesick boy into a brave warrior and legend of his people.
His journey has elements in common with that of both Harry Potter and King Arthur; he’s born unknowingly into an extraordinary heritage, goes on a quest to secure something precious, and comes into his heroic nature along the way.
The hero archetype represents the best that we can be
Heroes are some of our favorite characters, in real life and in the world of fiction. Classical storytelling has often revolved around heroic figures because they show the reader or the listener that anyone is capable of these heroic traits—even if you’re not the hidden son of a king or born into magical powers. Now, you can use this story archetype to help inspire others.
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The “hero archetype” is a recurring motif in myths and stories across cultures and generations. It represents the idealized protagonist with whom we empathize and root for. They are an embodiment of goodness and prevail over the shadow archetype, which is the embodiment of darkness and evil.
As a recurring cultural trope, we might all recognize the hero – the superhero who wins the day or the underdog protagonist who prevails against the odds.
As Cambell defines it in The Hero with a Thousand Faces ,
“He is the one who appears and points to the magic shining sword that will kill the dragon-terror, tells of the waiting bride and the castle of many treasures, applies healing balm to the almost fatal wounds, and finally dismisses the conqueror, back into the world of normal life, following the great adventure into the enchanted night” (Cambell, 1956)
But this trope also exists within the analytical psychology work of Carl Jung, who proposed that we are born with an innate understanding of this archetype in our ‘ collective unconscious .
The Hero Archetype and Jungian Psychology
It’s hard to explore the concept of the hero archetype without giving a nod to Carl Jung. And while this article isn’t specifically from a Jungian perspective, we need to touch on Jung’s work given his enormous influence on the concept of archetypes.
Jung proposed that all humans share a bank of “psychic structures” (Hauke, 2012) deep in our unconsciousness. He claimed that these are not unique to any one person. Rather, these are shared psychic structures which influence our thoughts, behaviors, and worldviews.
These psychic structures are today named Jungian archetypes . And Jung believed we were all born innately knowing them, which is why they are shared across cultures and generations.
Erich Neumann (1954), Jung’s student, used the analogy of human organs to explain that, just as organs develop prior to birth and are the same among all humans, so too are cognitive archetypes. Just as we’re unaware of our organs, we are also unaware of the archetypes living deep in our minds.
Here’s how Jung defined the hero archetype:
“the unversal hero myth, for example, shows the picture of a powerfum man or god-man who vanquishes evil in the form of gragons, serpents, monsters, demons, and enemies of all kinds, and who liberates his people from destruction and death. The narration or ritual repetition of sacred texts and ceremonies and the worship of such a figure with dances, music, hymns, prayers, and sacrifices, grop the audience with numinous emotions and exalt the participants to identification with the hero.” (Jung, 1957)
Note that I find the psychoanalytical theories of Jung, Freud, and Newmann, and their brethren to be bordering on pseudoscientific, more akin to astrology than science (that’ll ruffle some feathers). And while Jung clearly tapped into the rather unremarkable fact that various cultures have created a similar range of stories and myths, I don’t believe they exist preprogrammed in our unconsciousness.
With that, let’s explore the hero archetype as it exists in modern-day society, media, and culture, not as it exists in some dark recesses of a newborn’s brain.
Hero Archetype Examples
The following hero arcs demonstrate how, regularly, the hero goes through a journey that involves a challenge, transformation, assistance from others, return, and sacrifice.
1. Luke Skywalker (from “Star Wars”)
Journey : Luke goes from being a farm boy on Tatooine to becoming a key figure in the Rebellion against the Empire.
Challenge : He faces numerous adversaries, most notably Darth Vader and the Emperor, while grappling with his own identity and destiny.
Transformation : He matures, becoming a Jedi and eventually confronting the darkness within himself and his family legacy.
Assistance : Along the way, Luke receives guidance from mentors like Obi-Wan Kenobi and Yoda.
Return : He returns to save his friends multiple times and plays a crucial role in restoring balance to the Force.
Sacrifice : He risks his life repeatedly for the greater good of the galaxy.
2. Harry Potter (from “Harry Potter” series by J.K. Rowling)
Journey : Harry evolves from an orphaned boy living in a cupboard under the stairs to the central figure in the fight against the dark wizard Voldemort.
Challenge : Harry faces multiple threats from dark forces, unravels mysteries, and confronts his own past.
Transformation : He grows into his role as a leader and protector.
Assistance : Harry is guided by figures like Dumbledore and gains loyal friends like Hermione and Ron.
Return : He continually returns to Hogwarts, which becomes his true home, to face and defeat the threats that arise.
Sacrifice : Harry is prepared to sacrifice his life to defeat Voldemort and protect the wizarding world.
3. Frodo Baggins (from “The Lord of the Rings” by J.R.R. Tolkien)
Journey : Frodo, a humble hobbit, is tasked with carrying the One Ring to Mordor to destroy it.
Challenge : He faces numerous threats from Sauron’s forces, the temptation of the Ring, and the treacherous journey through Middle-earth.
Transformation : Frodo is forever changed by his journey, carrying both the physical and emotional scars from his quest.
Assistance : He is aided by the Fellowship and, in particular, his loyal friend Samwise Gamgee.
Return : After completing his quest, Frodo returns to the Shire but finds he no longer completely belongs, leading him to leave Middle-earth for the Undying Lands.
Sacrifice : He endures great suffering and risks his life to ensure the Ring is destroyed.
4. Katniss Everdeen (from “The Hunger Games” series by Suzanne Collins)
Journey : From a resourceful girl hunting to feed her family, to the face of a rebellion against the Capitol.
Challenge : Navigates the deadly Hunger Games twice, faces political intrigue, and resists manipulation.
Transformation : Grows into a symbol of hope, the “Mockingjay.”
Assistance : Mentored by Haymitch Abernathy and supported by friends like Peeta and Gale.
Return : After the war, returns to District 12 to find healing.
Sacrifice : Puts her life on the line multiple times for her sister and her people.
5. Neo (from “The Matrix” films)
Journey : Transforms from a computer hacker named Thomas Anderson to the prophesied savior, Neo.
Challenge : Battles against Agents of the Matrix and discovers the truth about his world.
Transformation : Embraces his role as “The One” and harnesses unparalleled abilities.
Assistance : Guided by Morpheus and supported by Trinity and others.
Return : Continually re-enters the Matrix to free humanity.
Sacrifice : Offers himself to save both humans and machines.
Hero Archetype Traits
Some common traits (Johnson, 2016) of a hero character include:
- Triumph Over Adversity : Heroes often face seemingly insurmountable odds or challenges but manage to overcome them, showcasing their resilience and perseverance.
- Determination : A hero’s resolve to achieve their goal, no matter the obstacles or setbacks, is often unyielding.
- Saves the Day : Heroes often intervene in critical situations to rescue others, halt a disaster, or defeat a villain.
- Makes the World a Better Place : Beyond personal achievements, heroes often work toward broader societal or global improvements, ensuring others benefit from their actions.
- Vulnerability : Despite their strengths, heroes often grapple with internal fears, especially the fear of failing or not being adequate for the task.
- Rising to the Occasion : When circumstances demand it, heroes step up, demonstrating adaptability and a sense of duty.
- Discipline/Focus : Heroes demonstrate a strong commitment to their cause, often undergoing rigorous training or preparation and maintaining their focus even in the face of distractions.
- Ability to Make Tough Choices : Heroes often face moral or tactical dilemmas and must decide the best course of action, even when all options come with a cost.
- Protector : Heroes often take on the role of safeguarding others, whether it’s their loved ones, community, or even an entire realm or world.
- Leadership : Many heroes naturally take on leadership roles, guiding, inspiring, and rallying others to a cause or mission.
- Bravery : One of the foundational traits of a hero, bravery refers to the capacity to face danger, difficulty, or pain without being overcome by fear.
- Call to Adventure : The hero often starts in a place of normalcy but feels compelled to embark on a journey due to some event or summons.
- Reluctance : Initially, the hero might be hesitant or refuse the call due to fear, obligation, or other reasons.
- Supernatural Aid : Early in their journey, the hero often receives help from a mystical or divine source, often in the form of a mentor or talisman.
- Companions : The hero often has sidekicks or allies who assist, advise, or accompany them on their quest.
- Personal Growth and Transformation : Over the course of their journey, the hero matures, gains wisdom, and often undergoes a significant personal transformation.
- Temptation : At some point, the hero might be tempted away from their quest, either by external enticements or internal doubts.
- Abyss or Lowest Point : The hero reaches a point of despair, facing their greatest fears or the possibility of failure, often resulting in a symbolic or literal death.
- Revelation : After the abyss, there’s usually a moment of revelation, insight, or clarity, where the hero gains new strength or understanding.
- Atonement : The hero finds reconciliation with their past, their actions, or with some aspect of themselves, achieving a state of balance.
- Return to the Ordinary World : After accomplishing their quest, the hero often returns to their starting point, but they are fundamentally changed by their journey.
- Moral Integrity : Even with flaws and moments of doubt, the hero typically embodies certain moral qualities like courage, loyalty, and a sense of justice.
Conclusion: The Future of the Hero
This archetype, while apparently longstanding and containing some core traits, can shift and change with cultures (I wonder how our friend Carl Jung would reconcile this).
For example, as it becomes increasingly normalized for men to feel and speak of vulnerabilities, so, too, might our heroes increasingly have emotional vulnerabilities that might endear us to him.
Furthermore, we often go through periods of time when ‘group heroes’ are popular (Hall, 2016), where no one protagonist rules the plot. Like all archetypes, we can play with this motif and build on it, to create new stories and characters that make a nod to heritage while also branching out to a brave new world.
Campbell, J. (1956). The Hero with a Thousand Faces . Princeton University Press.
Hall, C. (2016). The group hero: An archetype whose time has come. In Schafer, S. B. (Ed.). Exploring the collective unconscious in the age of digital media . IGI Global.
Hauke, C. (2012). The unconscious: Personal and collective. In The handbook of Jungian psychology (pp. 54-73). Routledge. ( Source )
Johnson, S. (2016). Can We All Be a Hero? Differentiating Your Brand’s Archetype . Retrieved from https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/handle/11299/181492/Johnson_Capstone_FINAL_6-30-2016.pdf?sequence=5
Jung, C. G. (1957). The Undiscovered Self: With Symbols and the Interpretation of Dreams . Princeton University Press.
Neumann, E. (1954). The origins and history of consciousness . Princeton: Princeton University.
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Home Essay Samples Psychology
Archetype Essay Examples
An archetype essay explores the universal symbols and patterns that repeat across different cultures and time periods. In literature, these archetypes often manifest as characters or plot points that represent common human experiences and emotions. When deciding how to write an archetype essay, it’s essential to first identify the archetypes at play and then analyze how they contribute to the meaning of the work as a whole.
One example of an archetype is the “hero’s journey,” in which a protagonist undergoes a transformative journey or quest, facing challenges and obstacles before emerging victorious. Another example is the “wise mentor,” a character who imparts knowledge and guidance to the hero along their journey.
To write an archetype essay, begin by selecting a work of literature that contains prominent archetypes. Then, identify the specific archetypes present in the text and consider how they contribute to the meaning of the work. For example, in the classic novel “To Kill a Mockingbird,” the archetype of the “innocent” is embodied by the character of Scout, who navigates the complexities of racial injustice in her small town. This archetype reinforces the novel’s themes of prejudice, justice, and moral courage.
Overall, a successful archetype essay should demonstrate a deep understanding of the archetypes at play and how they contribute to the work’s meaning. To find a perfect archetype essay example, be sure to check this section on WritingBros.
Archetypal Analysis Of Jon Krakauer's Novel Into Thin Air
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The Archetypes in Young Goodman Brown
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The Depth Psychology of Carl Jung and the Complexity of Carl Jung's Archetypes
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Best topics on Archetype
1. Archetypal Analysis Of Jon Krakauer’s Novel Into Thin Air
2. The Archetypes in Young Goodman Brown
3. Archetypes of Mother and Crone in the Novel Everyday Use by Alice Walker, A Worn Path’ by Eudora Welty, and Mothers Tongue by Amy Tan
4. The Depth Psychology of Carl Jung and the Complexity of Carl Jung’s Archetypes
5. Analysis of The Archetypal Villain in The Odyssey
6. The Tragic Downfall of Heroes: Aristotelian Tragic Hero Archetypes in The Illiad and Million Dollar Baby
7. Implementation of Business Strategies and Archetypes by Brands
8. Literary Hero Archetypes in Brown’s Prose
9. The Darker Aspects of the Human in British Literature
10. How To Read Literature Like A Professor By Thomas C. Foster: Archetype Symbols
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Archetype Essay Examples
The impact of carl jung’s development on the development of archetypes.
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