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Essay on Democracy in Pakistan in Urdu

Welcome to our blog on essay on democracy in Pakistan in Urdu! As a nation, Pakistan has a rich and complex history, and its political system is no exception. In this essay, we will delve into the concept of democracy in Pakistan, examining its origins, its current state, and its future prospects.

We will also explore the role of Islam in Pakistani democracy and the challenges that the country has faced in establishing and maintaining a fair and representative government. Whether you are a student of politics, a citizen of Pakistan, or simply interested in learning more about this fascinating topic, we hope that this essay will provide you with valuable insights and a greater understanding of democracy in Pakistan. So let’s get started!

The Basics of Democracy | جمہوریت کی بنیادی باتیں

Democracy is a system of government in which all the citizens have the right to vote and have the right to elect their leaders. It also means that the people have the right to participate in political affairs and make decisions on their own.

جمہوریت ایک ایسا نظام حکومت ہے جس میں تمام شہریوں کو ووٹ دینے کا حق حاصل ہے اور اپنے لیڈروں کو منتخب کرنے کا حق حاصل ہے۔ اس کا مطلب یہ بھی ہے کہ عوام کو سیاسی معاملات میں حصہ لینے اور خود فیصلے کرنے کا حق ہے۔

Democracy in Pakistan | پاکستان میں جمہوریت

The main aim of democracy is to ensure that every citizen has equal rights and opportunities. Democracy in Pakistan is a form of government whereby the nation is governed by elected representatives. The elected leaders are expected to represent the interests of all the citizens. In Pakistan, it is a fundamental principle of Islam that the ultimate authority in governing rests with Allah, who is the sole master of all affairs.

جمہوریت کا بنیادی مقصد یہ یقینی بنانا ہے کہ ہر شہری کو مساوی حقوق اور مواقع میسر ہوں۔ پاکستان میں جمہوریت حکومت کی ایک شکل ہے جس کے تحت ملک پر منتخب نمائندے حکومت کرتے ہیں۔ منتخب قائدین سے توقع کی جاتی ہے کہ وہ تمام شہریوں کے مفادات کی نمائندگی کریں۔ پاکستان میں یہ اسلام کا ایک بنیادی اصول ہے کہ حکومت کرنے کا حتمی اختیار اللہ کے پاس ہے جو تمام امور کا واحد مالک ہے۔

The concept of democracy in Pakistan was born during the struggle for independence from British rule during the 1940s. A group called Indian National Congress was formed to fight for Indian independence, and to propagate its views among other communities who were struggling for freedom from colonial rule. After World War II, when India gained its freedom from British rule and became independent as a nation, then-Prime Minister Mohammad Ali Jinnah invited the Indian National Congress to form an interim government for India’s newly-formed state of Pakistan.

پاکستان میں جمہوریت کا تصور 1940 کی دہائی میں برطانوی راج سے آزادی کی جدوجہد کے دوران پیدا ہوا۔ انڈین نیشنل کانگریس کے نام سے ایک گروپ ہندوستان کی آزادی کے لیے لڑنے اور نوآبادیاتی حکمرانی سے آزادی کے لیے جدوجہد کرنے والی دیگر برادریوں کے درمیان اپنے خیالات کو پھیلانے کے لیے تشکیل دیا گیا تھا۔ دوسری جنگ عظیم کے بعد، جب ہندوستان نے برطانوی راج سے آزادی حاصل کی اور بحیثیت قوم آزاد ہوا، تو اس وقت کے وزیر اعظم محمد علی جناح نے انڈین نیشنل کانگریس کو ہندوستان کی نو تشکیل شدہ ریاست پاکستان کے لیے عبوری حکومت بنانے کی دعوت دی۔

The Origins of Pakistani Democracy | پاکستانی جمہوریت کی اصل

This was done so that Pakistani people could gain their independence from British rule at a time when Britain itself was struggling for its own freedom from Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan. Thus, after Pakistan gained its independence from British rule, then-Prime Minister Mohammad Ali Jinnah invited leaders from several parties across India to form a coalition government in order to fight against British rule in Pakistan.

ایسا اس لیے کیا گیا تاکہ پاکستانی عوام ایک ایسے وقت میں برطانوی راج سے اپنی آزادی حاصل کر سکیں جب برطانیہ خود نازی جرمنی اور امپیریل جاپان سے اپنی آزادی کے لیے جدوجہد کر رہا تھا۔ اس طرح، پاکستان کو برطانوی راج سے آزادی حاصل کرنے کے بعد، اس وقت کے وزیر اعظم محمد علی جناح نے ہندوستان بھر میں کئی جماعتوں کے رہنماؤں کو پاکستان میں برطانوی راج کے خلاف لڑنے کے لیے مخلوط حکومت بنانے کی دعوت دی۔

The Interim Government of Pakistan | پاکستان کی عبوری حکومت

This coalition government was called ” National Government ” or ”Interim Government”, because it only served to be an interim government until true sovereignty was achieved after the creation of a new constitution for Pakistan. Therefore, this interim government was not expected to last very long, as it was created with little time to prepare.

اس مخلوط حکومت کو “قومی حکومت” یا “عبوری حکومت” کہا جاتا تھا، کیونکہ یہ صرف ایک عبوری حکومت کے طور پر کام کرتی تھی جب تک کہ پاکستان کے لیے نئے آئین کی تشکیل کے بعد حقیقی خودمختاری حاصل نہ ہو جائے۔ اس لیے اس عبوری حکومت کے زیادہ دیر تک چلنے کی توقع نہیں تھی، کیونکہ اسے تیاری کے لیے بہت کم وقت کے ساتھ بنایا گیا تھا۔

The Lasting Impact of Pakistani Democracy | پاکستانی جمہوریت کے دیرپا اثرات

However, this interim government lasted beyond its expected lifespan because it was formed with a very solid foundation of support from all sides, including all political parties (such as Muslim League) as well as nationalist groups across India who were fighting for independence themselves

تاہم، یہ عبوری حکومت اپنی متوقع عمر سے زیادہ قائم رہی کیونکہ یہ تمام سیاسی جماعتوں (جیسے مسلم لیگ) کے ساتھ ساتھ ہندوستان بھر کے قوم پرست گروہوں سمیت تمام فریقوں کی حمایت کی ایک بہت ہی مضبوط بنیاد کے ساتھ قائم ہوئی تھی جو خود آزادی کے لیے لڑ رہے تھے۔

Democracy is a form of government that gives all citizens the right to participate in the political process and make decisions for themselves. In Pakistan, democracy is based on Islamic principles, with the ultimate authority resting with Allah.

The concept of democracy in Pakistan was born during the struggle for independence from British rule, and a coalition government was formed to fight against this colonial power. This interim government was eventually replaced by a new constitution, but it was able to last longer than expected due to strong support from all sides. Overall, Pakistani democracy ensures religious freedom and works towards the common good of all citizens

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Democracy in Pakistan Essay with Quotations

by Pakiology | Mar 25, 2024 | Essay | 1 comment

Explore the evolution, challenges, and progress of democracy in Pakistan in this in-depth essay . Gain insights into the nation’s rich history, the influence of the military, the pervasive issue of corruption, and the role of civil society in shaping Pakistan’s democratic landscape.

Title: The Evolution of Democracy in Pakistan: Challenges, Progress, and Prospects for the Future

Introduction.

Pakistan, a country characterized by its rich and diverse history, has embarked on a tumultuous journey in pursuit of democracy. Overcoming numerous obstacles, its citizens have tenaciously defended their democratic rights and worked diligently to forge a more equitable society. In this comprehensive essay, we delve into the current state of democracy in Pakistan, recognizing its historical context, addressing the persistent challenges it confronts, highlighting the progress made, and considering the prospects for the future.

The Historical Landscape

Democracy, at its core, is a system of government grounded in the principle of representation, allowing citizens to actively participate in decision-making processes that impact their lives. Regrettably, the implementation of democracy in Pakistan has been marred by a series of military coups and periods of martial law, intermittently disrupting its democratic trajectory. Despite these adversities, Pakistan now operates as a federal parliamentary republic with a president and prime minister at the helm.

The Military’s Influence: A Persistent Challenge

A major impediment to democracy in Pakistan has been the enduring influence of the military on the political landscape. Pakistan’s history is replete with instances of military interventions in civilian governance, including several coups and martial law declarations. This persistent interference not only undermines democratic principles but also erodes public trust in the democratic system. Additionally, intelligence agencies have faced accusations of wielding substantial influence in the political sphere, further eroding democratic institutions and processes.

Corruption as a Hindrance: A Deep-Seated Issue

Another significant challenge is the pervasiveness of corruption within Pakistan. Corruption has become deeply ingrained in the country, with numerous politicians and government officials implicated in embezzlement and bribery. This deeply rooted issue corrodes the legitimacy of the democratic process and erodes public trust in the government. The adverse effects of corruption are most acutely felt by marginalized communities, who suffer from a lack of essential public services and resources.

The Resilience of Democratic Aspirations: Signs of Progress

Despite these formidable challenges, the citizens of Pakistan persistently strive to defend their democratic rights and fortify democratic institutions. In recent years, the country has seen a notable rise in the number of civil society organizations dedicated to advocating for transparency, accountability, and the promotion of awareness regarding democratic rights and freedoms. Additionally, the media has played a pivotal role in promoting democratic values and holding the government accountable for its actions.

The Role of Civil Society

Civil society organizations have emerged as vital agents of change in Pakistan’s democratic landscape. They tirelessly work to bridge the gap between the government and the governed, acting as watchdogs for accountability and transparency. Through advocacy, awareness campaigns, and public mobilization, these organizations have managed to shine a spotlight on the pressing issues of democracy and governance in Pakistan. Their activities range from monitoring elections to exposing corruption and advocating for the rule of law.

Media as the Fourth Estate

The media in Pakistan has undergone a transformational journey, evolving into a vibrant fourth estate that plays a crucial role in promoting democratic values. While media outlets often grapple with challenges such as censorship and intimidation, they continue to serve as a check on government power and a forum for diverse voices. Investigative journalism has uncovered corruption scandals, challenged authoritarianism, and provided a platform for citizens to engage in political discourse.

In conclusion, democracy in Pakistan remains an imperfect yet indispensable system, despite the numerous setbacks and challenges it has encountered. The people of Pakistan ardently safeguard their democratic rights, and the fortification of democratic institutions and processes is pivotal for the nation’s future. The enduring challenges posed by military influence, corruption, and public mistrust can only be surmounted through persistent efforts and sustained citizen engagement in the democratic process. As Pakistan continues its journey towards a more robust democracy, the world watches with hope and anticipation, recognizing the nation’s potential to overcome its challenges and achieve democratic excellence. The path may be long and arduous, but the resilience and determination of Pakistan’s people offer a promising outlook for the future of democracy in the country.

Quotes Related to Democracy

Here are a few quotes related to democracy and its challenges in Pakistan:

“A society that puts equality before freedom will get neither. A society that puts freedom before equality will get a high degree of both.” – Milton Friedman, Economist

“The greatest threat to democracy is not the enemies from without, but the enemies from within.” – Thomas Jefferson, Third President of the United States

“I believe that the real solution to the problems facing Pakistan lies in true democracy and the rule of law.” – Imran Khan, Former Prime Minister of Pakistan

“The price of freedom is eternal vigilance.” – John Philpot Curran, Irish Orator and Statesman.

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Sir you have used a lot of bitter words in this essay which are enough to awake a nation.😭😭😭😭 But It’s reality I think inshallah one day we will achieve that original democracy which will prevent our basic rights and our motherland…..

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Essay on “Democracy in Pakistan” for CSS, and PMS

January 24, 2022
Essay for CSS PMS and Judiciary Exam

This is an Essay on “Democracy in Pakistan” for CSS, PMS, and Judiciary Examinations. Democracy is a form of government in which the people have the authority to deliberate and decide legislation, or to choose governing officials to do so.” Democracy is a system of government in which power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or through freely elected representatives. As Democracy is a very popular topic so, here is a complete Essay on “Democracy in Pakistan” for CSS, PMS, and judiciary examinations.

What is democracy? Essentials of democracy Democracy in Pakistan

A brief history

The early period from 1947-58
Period of General Ayub and General Zia
Political turmoil and General Pervaiz Musharraf

Causes of failure of democracy in Pakistan

Delayed Framing of the Constitution
Leadership Crisis
Lack of education
No independence of the judiciary
Weak political parties and their infighting
Delayed elections and rigging
Corruption and nepotism
Quasi-Federalism and Conflict between Eastern and Western Wings
Terrorism and extremism

Pakistani Democracy Vs. Western Democracy

Suggestions

Effective accountability of the politicians
Reforming judiciary
Abolish feudalism
Eliminate corruption
Two parties system on the pattern of the USA, UK
Amendment in the constitution
Fair and free election
Increase the education budget to educate people
Uninterrupted democratic process
Strengthening the institutions

Essay on “Democracy in Pakistan” for CSS, PMS, and Judiciary Examinations

“You have to stand guard over the development and maintenance of Islamic democracy, Islamic social justice, and the equality of manhood in your own native soil.” -Muhammad Ali Jinnah,

To acquire immunity to eloquence is of the utmost importance to the citizens of a democracy. – Bertrand Russell

Democracy is a form of government in which all citizens have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives. Ideally, this includes equal (and more or less direct) participation in the proposal, development, and passage of legislation into law. It can also encompass social, economic, and cultural conditions that enable the free and equal practice of political self-determination. While there is no specific, universally accepted definition of ‘democracy’, equality and freedom have both been identified as important characteristics of democracy since ancient times. These principles are reflected in all citizens being equal before the law and having equal access to legislative processes.

For example, in a representative democracy, every vote has equal weight, no unreasonable restrictions can apply to anyone seeking to become a representative, and the freedom of its citizens is secured by legitimized rights and liberties which are generally protected by a constitution.

Many people use the term “democracy” as shorthand for liberal democracy, which may include elements such as political pluralism; equality before the Jaw; the right to petition elected officials for redress of grievances; due process; civil liberties; human rights ; and elements of civil society outside the government. In the United States, separation of powers is often cited as a central attribute, but in other countries, such as the United Kingdom, the dominant principle is that of parliamentary sovereignty (though in practice judicial independence is generally maintained).

In other cases, “democracy” is used to mean direct democracy. Though the term “democracy” is typically used in the context of a political state, the principles are applicable to private organizations and other groups as well.

Democracy in Pakistan

Democracy in its true spirit has never been allowed to take root in Pakistan. Since its independence in 1947, a military-bureaucratic establishment has always governed the country. Army generals usurp power at their own convenience and quit only when they are forced to quit by mass political movements or by sudden unexpected death. When forced by external or internal pressures, democracy is given a chance but in reality, a group of army generals keeps controlling the decision-making.

This direct or indirect military influence is the greatest impediment to the evolution of a stable governing system in Pakistan. Besides, the army is not solely responsible for this mass but it is our inefficient politicians who provide an opportunity for to army to take over.

A brief history of Democracy in Pakistan

Recalling the last 62 years of Pakistan, democracy is found only as an interval before the next military general comes to the scene. The future of democracy was doomed from the start when Liaquat Ali Khan, the first elected Prime Minister, was shot at a public gathering. Nobody knows to this day who did it and why. From now on, the balance of power was to shift in the favor of the military. A comparison tells us how this shift came up. From 1951-57 India had one Prime Minister and several army chiefs while during the same period Pakistan had one army chief and several Prime ministers.

The same army chief, the Sandhurst-trained general, Ayub Khan was to announce the first martial law in the country in 1958 and then a series of military rules were to follow.

General Ayub Khan could not withstand a popular national movement against him and transferred power to General Yahya Khan in March 1969. Under him, Pakistan lost its half which is now Bangladesh. Power was then transferred to Zulfikar Ali Bhutto as the first civilian martial law administrator. Bhutto pursued an independent policy, which was against what generals and the US wanted, and he had to pay with his life.

Charged for compliance in murder, Bhutto was hanged by the next martial law administrator, General Zia ul Haq. The hanging of an elected Prime Minister was shocking news to the world and Pakistan was to have the effects years later. The general died in a mysterious plane crash.

Then came a ten years gap of experimentation with democracy and every two years each elected government was ousted by the special discretionary powers of the president . An end to this ten-year spell came with a new general coming to power ousting the incumbent elected government of Mian Nawaz Sharif. This time the Prime Minister was charged with conspiring against the state and was ousted from the country.

The immediate and foremost requirement of the Constituent Assembly was to frame a democratic constitution for the country. The constitution had to lay down the form of government, and the role of the judiciary, military, and bureaucracy. It had to decide the basic issues about provincial autonomy, religion and the state, the joint or separate electorate, representation of minorities and women in assemblies, fundamental rights, and civil liberties.

The debate over the representation of eastern and western wings of the country and religion versus secularism were the two main hindrances in the way of framing the constitution. As against India, which was able to frame the constitution of the country within two years of independence in 1949, Pakistan took nine years to finalize the constitution in 1956, which did not work for more than two years and was abrogated.

The second constitution was framed by a military ruler General Ayub in 1962 which could last as long as he was in power. Finally, it was after the separation of East Pakistan and a lapse of more than a quarter of a century (1947-1973) that the elected representatives of the people under the leadership of Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto framed a consensus constitution envisaging a federal, democratic structure for the country and a parliamentary form of government.

This constitution has survived in spite of the breakdown of democracy twice in 1978 and 1999 and hopefully has come to stay. But the delay in framing the constitution harmed the growth of political democracy, as it allowed the authoritarian rule of the Governor-General to continue for seven long years (1947-56), which set this inglorious tradition in the country.

The second obstacle in the way of democracy is the culture of feudalism. Democracy cannot develop in the suffocating atmosphere of feudalism. The history of feudalism in the subcontinent is not very old. It owes its origin to the war of independence in 1857 when different people were awarded large swathes of land by the British government because of their treacherous cooperation with the latter. Those feudal families joined Muslim League when they saw that Pakistan was going to be a reality and inherited power after the death of the founding father. Feudalism has now become a severe migraine for the nation. Democracy and feudalism are incompatible.

Change of faces at the wheel has not served any purpose. Even these feudal lords occupy more than 70 % of our land leaving the people to lead a miserable life. They are senators, ministers, MPAs, MNAs, and also the owners of major industries in Pakistan. There is a crying need to bring some structural changes in order to strengthen the political system. Industrialization has also played a significant role in the strengthening of democracy across the world. Great Britain is considered the mother of democracies on this planet.

Some analysts are of the view that democracy has its origin in the Magna Carta, Bill of Rights and Habeas Corpus, etc. But even after these developments very mighty rulers have ruled Great Britain. In fact, the invention of the steam engine led to the industrial revolution which eradicated the roots of feudalism and the evil of absolute monarchy. All this resulted in the development of democracy. In Pakistan, there is everything from adult franchises to the separation of powers between the three organs of government but no plan for that kind of industrial revolution.

Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the father of the nation and the first Governor-General, died just one year after the establishment of Pakistan on September 11, 1948, and his right-hand lieutenant Liaquat Ali Khan, who was the first Prime Minister, was assassinated on October 16, 1951. About the capability of other leaders of the Pakistan Muslim League (PML), the party which had successfully piloted the movement for Pakistan, Jinnah had ruefully remarked that “he had false coins in his pocket”.

Consequently, several ministers appointed initially were not politicians and did not have a seat in the Assembly. Similarly, in 1954, there were several members of the Prime Minister’s cabinet without a seat in Parliament. “The cabinet and other high political appointments reflected a paucity of talent among the politicians.”

It is indeed a sad commentary on the elected members of the first Legislature and Constituent Assembly of Pakistan that they could not find a suitable head of state from among their own ranks. Most of them came from the civil bureaucracy or the military. The civil-military bureaucracy did not have a favorable opinion about the competence of political leaders and often took decisions without consulting them. This adversely affected their political training, development, and growth.

The inability to control the Anti-Ahmadiya Movement in Punjab in 1953 was blamed on inept political leadership. This religious movement was spearheaded by the religious Ahrar Party which had opposed the establishment of Pakistan and now wanted again to come into the limelight. They were supported by other religious parties, i.e., Jamaat-i-Islami, JamiatuiUlema-i-Pakistan, and JamiatulUlerna-i-Islam. The movement was exploited by politicians in their own political interests.

But the civil-military bureaucracy was against the religious parties dominating the power structure either in the provinces or the center. To rescue the city of Lahore where Ahmadis were in a “virtual state of siege” and their properties were being “burned or looted”, General Azam Khan, the Area Commander, was ordered by the Defense Secretary, to impose martial law in Lahore. It was met with the general approval of the people.

It was demonstrated that the civil-military bureaucracy “would not let politicians or religious ideologues lead the country to anarchy”. This also laid down the foundations of the supremacy of the military and orchestrated the initial rehearsal for the recurring imposition of Martial Law in the country and its acceptance by the people.

Lack of education has remained an important impediment to the democratization of countries. This is not just a problem for Pakistan but of the whole Third world. Laski, a famous political thinker said that education is the backbone of democracy. Democracy is a system of governance in which the people choose their representatives through elections. Their strength lies in the ballot box. If people are not vigilant and educated enough to make a better choice, democracy will not flourish in that country.

This is the main reason that even in the countries apparently practicing democracy but the majority of uneducated people are among the under-developed nations. Masses in Pakistan have not found ways of compelling their rulers to be mindful of their duty. Their failures in this regard result from insufficiency of experience and training in operating modem democratic politics. Democracy puts the highest premium on constitutionalism, which is possible only with the predominant majority of people. Pakistan’s democracy can neither improve nor become viable as long as the majority of the population remains uneducated.

Judiciary is one of the most important pillars of a state and in a country where the judiciary is not imparting justice , democracy cannot develop. During the Second World War, someone asked British Prime Minister Winston Churchill whether the British would win the war. The Prime Minister laughed and replied that if the British courts were dispensing justice, no one would trounce the United Kingdom. In Pakistan since 1954 judiciary has remained docile to the wishes of the executive. As Shelley says, “If the winter comes; can spring be far behind”.

In fact, since its birth, Pakistan has been governed by bureaucratic, military, and political elites. The bureaucratic elite generally became more assertive, steadily increasing their power at the expense of the political elite. Ayub’s term of office (1958-69) was the golden era for the bureaucracy, which exercised its powers, unbridled by any political interference. The weakness of political elites can be demonstrated by the fact that during seven years from 1951 to 1958, as many as seven Prime Ministers had been changed.

From 1988 to 1999, four democratically elected governments were replaced on charges of corruption, inefficiency, security risk, etc. The civil-military bureaucracy has dominated governance owing to the inherent weakness of the political parties and their incompetent leadership, resulting in the derailment of democracy thrice in the history of Pakistan, i.e., in 1958, 1977, and 1999.

Pakistan was not created as a theocracy but as a place where an economically marginalized minority could operate a democracy independently. It was to save the people from religious discrimination and domination by an overwhelming religious majority. Moreover, it emerged as a territorial state in the Muslim majority areas of the subcontinent. But the religious and secular groups soon started making conflicting demands while formulating the constitution of Pakistan.

The speech of Mr. Jinnah on August 11, 1947, addressed to the first legislative and constituent assembly of Pakistan, advocated political pluralism and declared that the “religion or caste or creed has nothing to do with the business of the State”. This has not adhered to the Objectives Resolution passed by the Constituent Assembly in 1949, which pacified the demands of Muslim religious parties and elements but was not supported by religious minorities.

The compromise solution attempted to balance the values and the spirit of Islam with the requirements of secularism. Due to a lack of competent and visionary political leadership , and the fact that Muslims constituted 98 percent of the population, the conservative religious leaders, partly due to their conviction and partly owing to their parochial interests, advocated and preached the establishment of a religiopolitical system based on Al-Quran and Sunnah.

They were skeptical of the politico-social development of modem times and western political institutions and forms of government. Their dogmatic theology clashed with the democratic culture envisioned by the founding fathers. Another adverse impact of the adoption of religion as a guiding principle in the constitution, was the promotion of religious sectarianism, especially between the two major sects inhabiting Pakistan, i.e., Sunnis and Shi’as. Some sections of these sects, instead of peaceful negotiations to overcome their differences, often resort to violence, which is against the spirit of both Islam and democracy. These rivalries fostered reliance on the security forces for the maintenance of law and order, which eroded the hold of democratic institutions in governance.

For any healthy constitutional and political system to function smoothly, strong and well-entrenched political parties are essential. Unfortunately, political parties in Pakistan have failed to develop into strong vehicles of national political will. The main responsibility for safeguarding democracy in a country falls on political parties. Pakistan, since its inception, was lacking well-organized and well-established political parties that could carry the representative system of governance forward.

The All-India Muslim League, which had piloted the movement of Pakistan from 1940 to 47, was not a well-organized political party, but it was primarily a movement. Leading a movement and organizing a political party are two different things. Most of its leaders belonged to areas that became part of the Indian Union and their majority did not come to Pakistan. Those who were in Pakistan, barring a few exceptions, belonged to feudal and landowning classes that in their nature were in conflict with the democratic dispensation. In fact “the leadership of the Pakistan movement had few roots in the land that became Pakistan.”

Their incompetence and constant wrangling for power in the initial nine years (1947-1956) were also responsible for the delay in constitution-making. Instead of cooperation and mutual accommodation, there was ceaseless infighting. For instance, as early as 1953, a clash between the leadership of Punjab and the central government led to intense communal riots and the imposition of Martial Law in Lahore, the provincial capital. Even as late as the decade 1988-99 of civil supremacy, the fight between the PML and the PPP led to the repeated dissolution of national and provincial assemblies and the dismissal of prime ministers and their cabinets. Finally, it ended with the military takeover in 1999.

The representative character of the civilian parliamentary government during the first decade of Pakistan’s existence was eroded because the country was governed under the Government of India Act of 1935. The purpose of the Act was “to make the appointed governor-general exert dominance over the elected prime minister.” The Act introduced a representative and centralized system of bureaucratic governance, which was an imperative requirement of the colonial government but not of democratic governance. The first general elections in the country should have been held in 1951, i.e., five years after the previous elections in 1946, but this could not happen till 1970.

The reasons for the delay were that the ruling elite, i.e., civil bureaucrats, migrant political leadership, and weak political parties, had few roots in the masses. As a consequence, general elections could not be held for 23 years (1947-1970) of the country’s initial history. On the expiry of the five years term of Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto (1972-1977), the second general elections on the basis of the adult franchise were held on March 7, 1977, which the PPP won with a vast majority.

The opposition parties alleged that the elections had been “rigged on a massive scale”. It has been commented: Elections in Pakistan had been rigged before, notably the presidential election in 1965 and the Provincial Assembly,y elections in the early 1950s, but rigging in these instances did not arouse the mass uprising as it did in 1977. The people of Pakistan were evidently not of the same mind now as they were in those earlier periods.

Corruption in bureaucracy and among political leaders poses a grave threat to good democratic governance. Quaid-i-Azam had termed corruption as “poison” and asked to put that down with an “iron hand”. Now that the international Reconciliation Ordinance, .vnich had withdrawn from prosecution any person “falsely involved for political reasons or through political victimization” between 1986 and 1999, has lapsed on November 28, 2009, the concerned individuals should get themselves cleared in a court of law in a transparent manner. The tribal nature of society in Pakistan is susceptible to nepotism. As an antidote, accountability and transparency are necessary. It is a challenge to the people to reject those leaders and political parties which indulge in corruption and nepotism.

One of the main bottlenecks in constitutional development in Pakistan was that its two wings were separated by about 1000 miles of hostile territory. The eastern wing consisted of one province but was more populous’ than the western wing which was much larger in the area and had as many as four provinces.

The western wing was not prepared to concede majority representation to the eastern wing in the parliament. After a confrontation of nine years between the two wings, the solution was evolved in the l956 constitution in the shape of parity of representation in a quasi-federal structure, neutralizing the majority of the eastern wing and paving the way for the manipulated domination of the western wing.

The domination of the western wing in governance led to an insurgency in the eastern wing which culminated in the separation and independence of Bangladesh in 1971. In post-1971 Pakistan, it came to be realized that ideological moorings alone could not easily overcome ethnic and economic differences. Yet the anti-ethnic attitude and anti-modem thinking prevalent in certain segments of society lean toward a unitary or quasi-federal state as against a true federation.

The latest threat is emanating from extremism and terrorism, especially in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) and the Federally Administered Tribal Area (FATA). This is the spillover effect of the conflict in Afghanistan and is spreading to Pakistan. It is likely to continue as long as there is no peace and stability in that country. However, the military enjoying the support of the nation is successfully combating the extremists and terrorists under the supremacy of the civilian democratic government. It is hoped that the process would continue to its logical conclusion.

Due to the migration of literate Hindus and Sikhs to India, the literacy rate in Pakistan sharply declined. There was about 95 percent illiteracy in Pakistan in 1947, which acted as a hindrance to the growth of civil and democratic society. Feudalism and economic constraint did not permit any Pakistani government to launch a “crash course to expand literacy and grow higher standards.

The national economy has gone bankrupt and the national budget has become all foreign aid-dependent. Islam was the ideology that gave life to the Pakistan movement and later Pakistan itself but is now infested with sectarianism. Military policies gifted the country with cross-border terrorism and three million internally displaced people. Despite having the largest chunk of the national budget and being the seventh-largest army in the world, the Pakistan army is now in a mess of its own creation with little of its hard-earned prestige left to its credit.

The distorted face of the national system as a whole and the failure of the judiciary to guard the constitution of Pakistan are the major factors contributing to the change in the national mindset. The events of the last two years have clearly shown the preference of the people of Pakistan. The masses want democracy as a political and governing system for the country and a judiciary that guard the rights of the people. The military would be respected more if it stays in the barracks or guarded the national borders. The murder of Benazir Bhutto has taught new lessons.

If one compares Pakistani democracy with Western democracy it is said that for over 50 years, Pakistan remains occupied by three major interest groups in the time, opportunities, and resources of the besieged nation. The army, civil service, and the neo-colonial appointed landlords. If there was any rational tolerance scale, the Pakistani nation would certainly secure high marks on its standard of tolerance and survival under most unfavorable circumstances.

One of the pivotal factors supporting the notion of Western liberal democracies is that it provides opportunities for participation to ordinary citizens, right or wrong to culminate a sense of legitimacy for the election exercise and chose people of their interest to manage public affairs for a specified term. But the principles and standards for evil and good vary between the West and the Islamic world . Strange as is, in Pakistan, those who come to occupy the political offices never intend to quit the political power on their own except implication of military force through a coup.

Comparatively, on occasions, western democracies do” encourage educated and competent citizens to strive for their high ideas and ideals and come to the front stage and demonstrate their intentions and will power to seek the goal of ideal public service agendas. E.H. Carr defines the teaching-learning role of history and its value must not be ignored but preserved. Recall the Pakistani military dictators for the last forty-plus years, they each consumed a decade or more to relinquish power, that was not theirs in any systematic and logical context. Ayub Khan was ousted by Yahya Khan.

General Yahya with the complacency of Z.A. Bhutto surrendered East Pakistan to India (now Bangladesh) to share power with Bhutto but was put under house arrest as Bhutto assumed the power that did not belong to him based on the verdict of the people. Rightfully, it was Sheikh MujiburRehman, leader of the East Pakistan Awami League who should have been sworn in as the new leader of united Pakistan but it was treacherously undone by Yahya and Bhutto.

Both should have been tried as traitors in a court of law and punished. Not so, they were rewarded and Bhutto became the first civilian martial law administrator and self-made president of defeated Pakistan in December 1971. Dr.Ishtiaq Qureshi, editor of the Urdu Digest recorded for the history (“Sukoot-e-Dacca seyPurdhautha Hay”- Facts are revealed after the Dacca Surrender) that “in the quest for its survival Pakistan lost its destiny. Yahya and Mujib stabbed the body of Pakistan with one dagger and Bhutto will stab Pakistan with another dagger.”

Suggestions for Democracy in Pakistan

Fo1lowing are the suggestions for improving democracy in Pakistan:

An impartial system of accountability enhances public trust in the political system. It provides enormous strength to the democratic process. Moreover, it compels thousand who are charged with governance, to transparently discharge their official responsibilities. It ensures good governance and strengthens the political setup. In spite of facing innumerable challenges and showing unsatisfactory performance, Pakistanis have the capability to emerge as a democratic and progressive nation. Pakistan can road to democracy with the dedication, determination, commitment, courage, and patriotism of its political leaders.

Reforming the judiciary and incorporating Islamic laws can also soothe the deprived and poor masses who have been manipulated by the extremists due to the sheer negligence of the elected governments and ruling elite. This natura11y causes bitterness toward the present form of political setup.

Moving on, corruption and selfish attitudes are eating away at the institutional structure of our country and such practices never allow democracy to flourish. There is also a need for mature political leadership, which can think above its own gains. All this can only emerge after the formulation and implementation of strict accountability.

On the contrary, weak public institutions can be made strong and productive if the power and authority seep down. The example of many European countries is in front of us, where institutions are powerful and not politicians. Democracy in actuality can only be achieved through such measures.

Our constitution has been a source of constant controversy. Be it the realization of Islamic laws or the concentration of power in the head of the state, the constitution has served as a tool for the legitimization of alien changes and policies. Keeping the constitution intact has been long overdue. No one in power should be allowed to change it for prolongation of rule or appeasing any particular section. The Pakistani movement envisaged a democratic country with a federal structure.

In all Constitutions of Pakistan (1956, 1962, and 1973) the objectives of governance, in the words of Dr. Ainslie T. Embree, Professor Emeritus of Columbia University, are democracy, freedom, equality, tolerance, and social justice as enunciated by Islam, giving Muslims freedom to live their lives in accordance with the teachings of Islam, but with minorities having full freedom to profess their own religions.

Islam lays emphasis on the concept of Shura, i.e., consultation among people, which is the essence of democratic culture. Quaid-i-Azam, the founder of Pakistan had stated:

“We leamed democracy 1300 years ago. Democracy is i11 our blood. It is ill our marrows. Dilly centuries of adverse circumstances have made the circulation of that blood cold. It has got frozen, and our arteries are not functioning. But thank God, the blood is circulating again, thanks to the Muslim League’s efforts. It will be a People’s government. Culturally, ill the region of Pakistan, there is a concept of Jirga or Panchayat, i.e., an assembly of elders, to settle issues and disputes involving two or more two persons. This system has, been prevalent for ages, much before the advent of Islam. Thus, both religion and age-old tradition advocate the concept of consultation in decision-making through all assembly of people, which is the essence of democracy.”

During the period of British supremacy in the subcontinent, the practice of elections to assemblies (local, provincial and central) was introduced through various enactments. Finally, it was the Government of India Act 1935 under which the dominions of India and Pakistan functioned after independence till they framed their own constitutions. These enactments provided the groundwork for democratic governance. It may be of interest to note that even when the democratic rule was suspended by the armed forces, the military rulers always came with the promise to restore democratic governance .

For instance, in 1970, General Yahya Khan is credited with organizing the first-ever general elections in the country, which led to the establishment of democratic governments both in Bangladesh and Pakistan. Besides holding general elections in 2002 and 2007, General Musharraf’s introduction of a local government system introduced in 2001 is considered a “laudable model of governance” because of its principle that whatever can be done at the local level should not be done at a higher tier of governance.

The country is on the path to achieving full literacy and progress towards a higher standard of education in important disciplines. This is strengthening the civil society in ensuring the prevalence of democratic culture at the lower and higher level of governance. Secondly, the print and electronic media in Pakistan are vibrant and independent. A responsible media educates the masses, raises political consciousness, and thus promotes democratic values, norms, and culture. In addition, a number of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are playing an active role in the field of education and contributing to the growth of a vibrant civil society and good governance.

The essential step seems to stop interruption in the democratic process so that we may see more than promos. To judge something, it has to be allowed a chance to survive and act. The elected government must be allowed to complete its tenure in any case. The military has to play a positive role here and not interfere in the smooth democratic process.

As mentioned before, a part of the population wants greater Islamic character in the Govt. and laws. If we analyze this demand, it will be apparent that the enforcement of Sharia is more related to lawmaking. Therefore, what is immediately required is a change in the judicial setup, which has been unable to gain the trust of people until recently. Encouraging steps have already started in this case, but much more needs to be done.

Sadly, the same corrupted pool of thought keeps appearing with new faces and the deceived masses blindly follow them. This is due to the absence of any kind of accountability. Political compromises enhance this trend. Such practices are against moral, democratic as well as Islamic principles and should end immediately.

Next, the all-powerful bureaucracy and feudal politicians should be stripped of their unwarranted authority. It has been a slow evil that has weakened the country like nothing else. They are elected for serving people not to control them. The criteria of merit; the right to freedom and equal progress for common people have become a joke due to such an autocratic setup.

The people of Pakistan in general lack political psyche and consciousness. This is largely due to poor literacy and a never-ending feudalistic rule over 60% of the country. Therefore, it is necessary to educate the masses and make them aware of their political rights. This can begin with greater political socialization by political parties and media.

In a democratic state, media has rightly been called the fourth pillar of the state. It can play a most important role in the present age for creating awareness. Our media has risen from the ashes like a phoenix. It, however, needs to play a positive constructive role and not become another compromised institution as well.

Finally, the strategic position and now the war against terror call forth unwanted attention from the international community sometimes. In the past, military rule has been covertly or openly supported by many countries to gain their own benefits in this region. The international powers must stop interfering in the democratic process and for that to happen, our own government, people and media need to be equally strong.

Politicians may have learned lessons from their past mistakes and are more mature politically. Consensus politics seem to be emerging in the country. In the past, the constant infighting amongst political parties had often led to interference and take-over by the armed forces.

Now a culture of reconciliation, accommodation, and dialogue is emerging. The ideological polarization is diminishing. After the general elections of February 2008, four major political parties, i.e., Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP), PML – Nawaz (PML-N), Awami National Party (ANP), Jamiat-ulUlema-i-Islam – Fazalur Rahman (JUI-Fl and MuttahidaQaumi Movement (MQM) have joined hands to govern the country and re-establish the supremacy of the Parliament in accordance with the Constitution of 1973.

Our youth constitute 30% of the society they are representative of a new generation. Their participation may ensure structural improvements in the national paradigm. It has been witnessed that during the Pakistan movement youth played a vital role in opinion formation and mass awareness and so is the time now. There is a need to guide our youth to take responsibility for our tomorrow.

To sum up, it is the political leadership that can ensure the permanence of democratic governance. The prospects are, however, not as dismal as sometimes portrayed. Already, the literacy rate in Pakistan has increased to more than fifty-five percent. Efforts are afoot to improve the standard of higher education. Economic growth and industrialization have given birth to a vocal urban society and middle class, which is growing. and gradually lessening the influence of the feudal class.

The vibrant electronic and print media is playing an effective role in constructive criticism of the government and in educating the masses. Elections are being held regularly, representative political leadership and political parties are getting stronger and a peaceful mode of transfer of power is becoming the norm. The bureaucracy (both civil and military), though still powerful, may retreat gradually and submit to the people’s power and will and concede to democratic governance. The democratic process is progressing and, hopefully, will be obstructed and derailed, as in the past.

Expected question about this Essay:

Why has democracy failed in Pakistan?
What practical measures do you suggest for strengthening democracy in Pakistan?

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What is Democracy? (Urdu)

Education for all (urdu), what are the key features of a democracy (urdu).

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Democracy is a political system featuring the principle of the ‘rule by the people.’ Instead of having one person making all the decisions in a country, democracy brings together the views and interests of all people so that the future of the country can be decided based on all these views.

A joint Urdu dubbing project of Mashal Books and the Eqbal Ahmad Centre for Public Education with generous support from Nasser Ahmad / The i-Care Foundation .

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Special thanks to Civics Academy SA .

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Urdu Essays List 3

Essay on discipline in urdu, essay on city life in urdu, essay on good citizen in urdu, essay on doctor profession in urdu, essay on co-education in urdu, essay on zindagi in urdu, essay on juma in urdu, essay on first aid in urdu, essay on doctor in urdu, mera yadgar safar essay in urdu, essay on fashion in urdu, essay on water pollution in urdu, essay on my family in urdu, essay on women’s rights in urdu, essay on vegetables in urdu, essay on democracy in urdu, essay on uswa hasana in urdu, essay on father in urdu, essay on four seasons in urdu, dehati zindagi essay in urdu, تغیر کے موضوع پر ایک مضمون, اولمپک کھیل پر مختصر نوٹ, “چوری ایک بری عادت ہے” مضمون, عورتوں کی حالت پر ایک مختصر مضمون, benefits of knowledge urdu | تعلیم کے فوائد پر ایک مضمون, عمل سے زندگی بنتی ہے جنت بھی جہنم بھی مضمون, ہمت مرداں مدد خدا مضمون, علم روشنی ہے مضمون, sohanjana plant benefits in urdu | سوہانجنا کے فوائد, essay on sword in urdu | تلوار پر مضمون, essay on badshahi mosque in urdu, essay on anti corruption in urdu, essay on fateh makkah in urdu, essay on ramzan in urdu, essay on police in urdu, meri pasandeeda kitab mazmoon , essay on subah ki sair in urdu, essay on seerat-e-nabvi in urdu, essay on childhood in urdu, essay on tree plantation in urdu, how to become a successful person essay in urdu, essay on bijli in urdu, essay on cleanliness in urdu, essay on bulb in urdu, essay on indian army in urdu, essay on beauty of j&k in urdu, essay on qur’an in urdu, essay on patriotism in urdu, essay on parents in urdu, essay on drugs in urdu, essay on badminton in urdu, meri maa essay in urdu, my father my hero essay in urdu, essay on eidain in urdu, essay on election in urdu, essay on eid milad un nabi in urdu, essay on agriculture in pakistan in urdu, essay on electricity in urdu, essay on hajj in urdu, essay on alodgi in urdu, essay on qutub minar in urdu, essay on quran in urdu, aab e zam zam essay in urdu, my hobby essay in urdu, kitab insan ki behtreen dost hai essay, lalach buri bala hai essay in urdu, mobile phone essay in urdu, dehshat gardi essay in urdu, urdu essay allah ki naimat, ajaib ghar essay in urdu, tandrusti hazar naimat hai | تندرستی ہزار نعمت ہے, minar e pakistan essay in urdu | مینار پاکستان پر مضمون, national river of pakistan in urdu | پاکستان کا قومی دریا, qaumi parchan mazmoon | پاکستان کا قومی پرچم, جوانی زندگی کا بہترین وقت مضمون, essay on shahadat in urdu, waqia karbala in urdu, essay on shaheed in urdu, pollution essay in urdu, qaumi ittehad essay in urdu, hubul watni mazmoon in urdu, benefits of banana in urdu, great wall of china history in urdu, essay on ramzan ki barkatain in urdu, role of media essay in urdu, role of media in pakistan in urdu, taleem essay in urdu, benefits of strawberry in urdu, benefits of pomegranate in urdu, essay on lahore in urdu, essay on karachi in urdu, barsat ka mausam essay in urdu, adab e zindagi essay in urdu, superstition essay in urdu, short essay on population problem in india, berozgari essay in urdu, media ki azadi essay in urdu, how to achieve world peace essay, masla e kashmir essay in urdu, mera school essay in urdu, essay on jahez in urdu, essay on school uniform in urdu, essay on forest in urdu, what is global warming in urdu, causes of global warming in urdu, کامیابی کے اصول, ٹک ٹاک ایپلیکیشن کی حقیقت, khush ikhlaqi essay in urdu, essay on insaaf in urdu, essay on respect of teacher in urdu, essay on insaniyat in urdu, essay on zil hajj in urdu, akhbar bini essay in urdu, language of jammu and kashmir, essay on dengue in urdu, ilm e deen ki ahmiyat essay, غزوۂ بدر پر مضمون, اگر میں وزیر تعلیم ہوتا, میری پسندیدہ شخصیت حضرت محمد ﷺ, اسلام زندہ ہوتا ہے ہر کربلا کے بعد مضمون, عزم کامرانی کی کنجی ہے, انسداد گداگری مضمون, کرونا وائرس اور ہماری ذمہ داریاں, ماں پر مضمون.

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Short and Long Essay on Democracy in Pakistan

Democracy in pakistan essay (450 words).

The progress of democracy in Pakistan has been most irregular (fitful) and unsatisfactory, Pakistan was supposed to have a completely democratic system of government within an Islamic framework. However, democracy was not allowed to work well.

Firstly, more than 80 percent of our people are either thoroughly illiterate or only some of them know how to write their names or how to write the basic ABC. They do not understand what is happening around in the country or the world. They cannot vote intelligently at all.

The prime duty of our first governments was to introduce a universal education programme in the whole country on a war footing (when the population was also much smaller). They did not do this to the utter (complete) harm of the nation.

Secondly, the existence of the formidable (difficult to defeat or deal with) “zamindari” or feudal system allowed the big landowners to control and direct the lives of millions of farm laborers and farmers working under them. These laborers and petty farmers and their families still constitute (form) the majority of the country’s total population. They are almost all illiterate and most backward.

Seeing the political strength of the “jagirdars” in the assemblies, the biggest industrialists or magnates also jumped into the political arena (scene). The political history of Pakistan, thus, is that of these “jagirdars” and industrialists at the top joining hands with military dictators and bureaucrats / (civil servants) and facilitating military rule. The stage for the enactment of the tragedy of democracy in Pakistan was prepared and erected by the first political leaders after the Quaid-e-Azam.[the_ad id=”17141”]

In the whole political set-up of the country, intellectuals, scholars, teachers and truly devoted and able patriots were mostly kept out of the electoral process or the power corridors.

Thirdly, democracy in Pakistan has been seriously hampered (checked from developing) by other factors between 1979 and the present war in Afghanistan, the rise of drug culture in and out of the country, the rise of terrorism, the growth of provincialism and sectarianism (division of society into sects or groups of their own faith), population explosion and rapid economic decline.

The separation of East Pakistan was the result of mismanagement of state affairs in the political and economic fields. We should take a lesson now at least and decide to create the best social, political and economic conditions for the promotion of national unity and democratic progress. Democracy will die its natural death if we do not put an end to the major evils like illiteracy, terrorism, bribery, corruption, economic inequality, and feudalism or the “jagirdari” system

Democracy in Pakistan Essay with Quotations (1000 Words)

Democracy is called and acknowledged as the government of the people, by the people and for the people. Role of people in democracy has proved to be the key factor in making it the most desired and admired form of government. Democracy offers freedom to people which other forms of governments forbid. A bird’s eye view of the system of governments around the globe shows that democracy is the most frequently applied form of government. Going through the pages of the history of Pakistan, it can be said that Pakistan has a history that shows that democracy could never prosper here.[the_ad id=”17142″]

“Democracy is a charming form of Government.”

It is a fact that democracy is the most dominant form of Govt. all over the world. But unfortunately, it has never enjoyed full bloom in Pakistan. Democracy has many drawbacks Democracy cannot be defined comprehensively and perfectly. So some elements i come together to explain democracy. These are called the essentials of democracy. The five essentials of democracy are people, majority, equality, political parties and patience.

“Democracy is a civilizing force.”

Democracy offers people the freedom to choose their leaders. Only the educated and the nations with the sense of responsibility successfully do this. Otherwise, this freedom proves to be a curse as people choose wrong leaders and pay the price.

Democracy gives people the chances of regular elections. This exercise is a big blessing as the use of right to vote can be used as a double blessing: one to choose right people and two, to remove wrong people. This contribution of the people does make a difference to the fate and history of the country. No other form offers such a chance to its people.

Democracy offers elected governments the best chances to make right decisions. The policy-making and application is done in a better way. People have and they can exercise their influence in guiding the leaders in the right directions. People of the country can perform the role of opposition against the govt.

Democracy demands the nation to be educated, conscious of their rights and aware of their strengths only then it improves the society on the individual as well as the national level. The leaders offer the chances for improvements in these areas and increase the chances of the prosperity of the nation. Political education of the nation is a big advantage of democracy.[the_ad id=”17150″]

All in all, it can be said that the freedoms offered by democracy are very useful in nation-building. The nation has the freedom to choose, to make amends to decide the present and the future and to speak their minds, shape their opinions and implements their ideas. Democracy lends people a chance to rule the country as they wish. It is a test of their maturity and perfection as well.

“In democracy, the people are the ultimate source of power”

The essentials of democracy play a very vital role in the development of democracy. But all these elements have never enjoyed unity. Sometimes the majority gave a wrong decision. And Sometimes equality could not be maintained. Sometimes democracy was hanged at the altar of political clashes. Thus Sometimes dictators lost patience and crushed democracy.

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The People: Democracy is known as the Govt. of the people, by the people and for the people. it starts with the unity of the people and ends due to the disunity of the people. Public opinion is the base of democracy. But unfortunately, it is newspapers or media based and personality oriented.

“A majority can never replace the man just as a hundred fools cannot make one wise man.”

Equality: it is another pillar of democracy. There are two faces of equality. One is that democracy creates equality, as it is the Govt. of the people. Another aspect is a demand of democracy that all the citizens should be equally interested in the affairs of the state. But both these principles do not exist. Equality is neither implemented nor maintained. In Pakistan, people are more concerned with their family problems than democracy.[the_ad id=”17144″]
Political Parties: Politics in Pakistan has never been a pleasing issue. There have been differences than consents among the political parties. The democratic Govt. rules in the most undemocratic atmosphere. So the time is wasted in personal clashes.
Patience: Democracy demands patience. But in Pakistan, it has never been observed. The impatient leaders, opposition and other factors never allow democracy to prosper. Leg pulling and corruption, no confidence and new elections are the routines of democracy in Pakistan.

“Democracy is the best Revenge.”

Unfortunately, democracy has never been implemented in Pakistan. It has failed badly. Since birth Pakistan has faced the problem of unstable Govt. The greatest causes of this fall are the illiterate masses, political leaders and parties, and the dictators. If these evils are removed then democracy will prosper.

In Pakistan, democracy has also failed due to its inherent problems such as political inequality, poor policies, malpractices, weak and poor leadership, injustice in sharing of power and distribution and misuse of influence.

“The love of democracy is that of equality.”

In the end, we can say that it is a universal truth that with all its drawbacks democracy is far better. than any other form of Govt. because it makes the masses happier and more responsible than any other system of Govt. As Quaid-e-Azam said

“Democracy disciplined and enlightened is the finest thing in the world.”

Democracy in Pakistan Essay (350 Words)

Introduction
Failed democracy
Legacies of the military regimes

Democracy is a system of government in which all the people of a country can vote to elect their representatives. Through this system, the aim is to create stability and certainty in society. Public approval of a political party to form government gives it political legitimacy and social support to manage public affairs, and formulate and implement policies. At the center of this system is the idea of fundamental rights, political equality, social justice and individual freedoms.

According to the resolution of the Constituent Assembly, Pakistan adopted democracy within an Islamic framework as a form of government since its birth. Unfortunately, the application of the democracy in the country remained irregular and unsatisfactory for the following reason:

Democracy works successfully anywhere when the people, as a whole, are educated and well informed. As a large number of people in the country are illiterate, they do not know what is happening in the country. How a poor and illiterate can make sensible decisions in the electoral process?[the_ad id=”17151″]

Pakistan is an agricultural country where most of the people earn their living from field labour. The landlords exploited this situation to control and direct the lives of millions of farm labourers. Feudal lords prevented these land workers to get educated and rise up socially. Industrial bigwigs and military educators also kept the common people out of political arena.

In this sorry state of affairs, intellectuals, scholars, learned and devoted people are mostly kept out of the electoral process or power corridors. Consequently, the ruling elite are always selected from the rich and the affluent and the same ruling families return to power again and again.

The development of democracy, let us not forget, has been hampered by the troublesome legacies of the military regimes, including war in Afghanistan, the rise of drug culture, the rise of terrorism, the growth of provincialism and sectarianism. The arrival of the Afghan refugees caused a free flow of arms into the country.

Sindh in particular has become the hotbed of crimes. The production and smuggling of drugs like heroin not only increased the number of drugs addicts but also enriched the drug merchants. The drug mafia began controlling politics, offering bribes in assemblies to boost their parties.

Democracy is a natural system for an ethnically diverse and culturally pluralistic society like Pakistan. And this is why after every failed and discredited dictatorship, we turned to democracy. We need to make out democracy better in the interest of the common man. And it is a collective social enterprise that we cannot leave to the dominant elites.

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Democracy Essay for Students and Children

500+ words essay on democracy.

Democracy is known as the finest form of government. Why so? Because in a democracy, the people of the country choose their government. They enjoy certain rights which are very essential for any human being to live freely and happily. There are various democratic countries in the world , but India is the largest one. Democracy has withstood the test of time, and while other forms have the government has failed, democracy stood strong. It has time and again proved its importance and impact.

Significance of a Democracy

Democracy is very important for human development . When people have free will to live freely, they will be happier. Moreover, we have seen how other forms of government have turned out to be. Citizens are not that happy and prosperous in a monarchy or anarchy.

Furthermore, democracy lets people have equal rights. This ensures that equality prevails all over the country. Subsequently, it also gives them duties. These duties make them better citizens and are also important for their overall development.

Most importantly, in a democracy, the people form the government. So, this selection of the government by the citizens gives everyone a chance to work for their country. It allows the law to prevail efficiently as the rules are made by people whom they have selected.

In addition, democracy allows people of various religions and cultures to exist peacefully. It makes them live in harmony with one another. People of democracy are more tolerant and accepting of each other’s differences. This is very important for any country to be happy and prosper.

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India: A Democratic Country

India is known to be the largest democracy all over the world. After the rule of the British ended in 1947 , India adopted democracy. In India, all the citizens who are above the age of 18 get the right to vote. It does not discriminate on the basis of caste, creed, gender, color, or more.

Although India is the largest democracy it still has a long way to go. The country faces a lot of problems which do not let it efficiently function as a democracy. The caste system is still prevalent which hampers with the socialist principle of democracy. Moreover, communalism is also on the rise. This interferes with the secular aspect of the country. All these differences need to be set aside to ensure the happiness and prosperity of the citizens.

In short, democracy in India is still better than that in most of the countries. Nonetheless, there is a lot of room for improvement which we must focus on. The government must implement stringent laws to ensure no discrimination takes place. In addition, awareness programs must be held to make citizens aware of their rights and duties.

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Democracy Essay in Urdu – Democracy in Pakistan

جمہوریت بنیادی طور پر یونانی لفظ ہے جس کا مطلب ہے لوگ اور ان کے قوانین، یہاں لوگوں کو اپنی مرضی کے مطابق اپنی حکومت منتخب کرنے کا اختیار ہے۔ یونان دنیا کا پہلا جمہوری ملک تھا۔

جمہوریت کو حکومت کی بہترین شکل کے طور پر جانا جاتا ہے۔ ایسا کیوں؟ کیونکہ جمہوریت میں ملک کے عوام اپنی حکومت کا انتخاب کرتے ہیں۔ انہیں کچھ حقوق حاصل ہیں جو کسی بھی انسان کے لیے آزادی اور خوشی سے زندگی گزارنے کے لیے بہت ضروری ہیں۔ دنیا میں مختلف جمہوری ممالک ہیں، لیکن ہندوستان سب سے بڑا ملک ہے۔ جمہوریت نے وقت کی کسوٹی کا مقابلہ کیا، اور جب کہ دوسری صورتوں میں حکومت ناکام ہوئی، جمہوریت مضبوط کھڑی رہی۔ اس نے اپنی اہمیت اور اثر کو بار بار ثابت کیا ہے۔

جمہوریت کی اہمیت

جمہوریت انسانی ترقی کے لیے بہت اہم ہے۔ جب لوگ آزادانہ طور پر زندگی گزارنے کی آزادی رکھتے ہیں تو وہ زیادہ خوش ہوں گے۔ مزید یہ کہ ہم نے دیکھا ہے کہ حکومت کی دوسری شکلیں کیسی نکلی ہیں۔ بادشاہت یا انارکی میں شہری اتنے خوش اور خوشحال نہیں ہوتے۔

مزید برآں، جمہوریت لوگوں کو مساوی حقوق حاصل کرنے دیتی ہے۔ یہ اس بات کو یقینی بناتا ہے کہ پورے ملک میں مساوات قائم ہو۔ اس کے بعد، یہ انہیں فرائض بھی دیتا ہے. یہ فرائض انہیں بہتر شہری بناتے ہیں اور ان کی مجموعی ترقی کے لیے بھی اہم ہیں۔ سب سے اہم بات یہ ہے کہ جمہوریت میں عوام حکومت بناتے ہیں۔ لہذا، شہریوں کی طرف سے حکومت کا یہ انتخاب ہر ایک کو اپنے ملک کے لیے کام کرنے کا موقع فراہم کرتا ہے۔ یہ قانون کو مؤثر طریقے سے غالب ہونے کی اجازت دیتا ہے کیونکہ قواعد ان لوگوں کے ذریعہ بنائے جاتے ہیں جنہیں انہوں نے منتخب کیا ہے۔ اس کے علاوہ، جمہوریت مختلف مذاہب اور ثقافتوں کے لوگوں کو پرامن طور پر رہنے کی اجازت دیتی ہے۔ اس سے وہ ایک دوسرے کے ساتھ ہم آہنگی میں رہتے ہیں۔ جمہوریت کے لوگ زیادہ روادار اور ایک دوسرے کے اختلافات کو قبول کرنے والے ہوتے ہیں۔ یہ کسی بھی ملک کے خوش حال اور خوشحال ہونے کے لیے بہت ضروری ہے۔

جیسا کہ ابراہم لنکن نے ایک بار کہا تھا، ’’جمہوریت عوام کی، عوام کے ذریعے اور عوام کے لیے حکومت ہے۔‘‘

اس میں بلاشبہ کوئی شک نہیں کہ جمہوریتوں کی بنیاد لوگوں کو حتمی فیصلہ ساز بنانے میں مضمر ہے۔ وقت کے ساتھ، جمہوریت کی سادہ تعریف میں مساوات، سیاسی احتساب، شہریوں کے حقوق اور ایک حد تک آزادی اور انصاف کی قدروں جیسے دیگر اصولوں کو شامل کرنے کے لیے تیار کیا گیا ہے۔ پوری دنیا میں، نمائندہ جمہوریتیں بڑے پیمانے پر رائج ہیں، تاہم، جمہوریتوں پر عمل کرنے کے طریقہ کار میں ایک بڑا فرق ہے۔ نمائندہ جمہوریت کی دو بڑی اقسام صدارتی اور پارلیمانی جمہوریت ہیں۔ مزید یہ کہ وہ تمام لوگ جو خود کو ایک جمہوری جمہوریہ کے طور پر پیش کرتے ہیں اس کی اقدار پر عمل نہیں کرتے۔ بہت سے ممالک نے قانونی طور پر کچھ کمیونٹیز کو وقار کے ساتھ رہنے اور ان کی آزادی کے تحفظ سے محروم کر دیا ہے، یا اکثریتی یا پاپولسٹ لیڈروں کے ذریعے آمرانہ حکمرانی پر عمل پیرا ہیں۔ اس کے باوجود ایک چیز جو سب کے لیے مرکزی اور بنیادی ہے وہ انتخابات اور ووٹنگ کا عمل ہے۔ تاہم، ایسی صورت میں بھی، عالمی بالغ رائے دہی کے اصول اور آزادانہ اور منصفانہ انتخابات کا عمل جمہوریت کے لیے نظریاتی طور پر ضروری لیکن عملی طور پر بہت محدود ہے۔ کئی دیگر اقوام کے برعکس، ہندوستان اب بھی، کم از کم آئینی اور اصولی طور پر، ایک مثالی جمہوریت کا پریکٹیشنر ہے۔ ہماری حکومت کے تینوں اعضاء یعنی قانون سازی، انتظامی اور عدلیہ، شہریوں کے آئینی حقوق، کثیر الجماعتی نظام، امتیازی سلوک کو روکنے اور مساوات کی خوبیوں کو پھیلانے کے قوانین، اقلیتوں کو تحفظ، اور لوگوں کے لیے بحث و مباحثہ اور بحث کرنے کی جگہ۔ اختلاف رائے، بھارت نے جمہوری اقدار کے تئیں عزم ظاہر کیا ہے۔ حالیہ دنوں میں، آزادی اظہار، اقلیتی گروہوں کے حقوق اور تنوع کے تحفظ اور ملک کے اتحاد کے درمیان پائے جانے والے چیلنجوں کے ساتھ، جمہوریت کے تحفظ کے بارے میں بحث عوامی بحث کے لیے اہم بن گئی ہے

دنیا بھر میں ممالک نے جمہوریت کے اصولوں کے ساتھ اپنے آئین کو جڑ سے اکھاڑ پھینکنے کی کوشش کی ہے۔ تاہم حقیقت مختلف ہے۔ اگرچہ انتخابات ہر جگہ کرائے جاتے ہیں، زیادہ تر، ان میں انتخاب کی آزادی اور انصاف کا فقدان ہے۔ دنیا کی عظیم ترین جمہوریتوں میں بھی سیاسی عدم استحکام، اختلاف رائے کو دبانا، بدعنوانی اور طاقت کی حرکیات جیسے چیلنجز سیاسی میدان کو آلودہ کر رہے ہیں اور اسے شہریوں کے لیے ناانصافی بنا رہے ہیں۔ حکومت کی بہترین شکل کے طور پر جمہوریت پر اتفاق رائے کے باوجود، حقیقی جمہوریت کے حصول کا سفر محنت طلب اور تھکا دینے والا ہے۔

1947 میں جب پاکستان معرض وجود میں آیا تو جمہوریت نے ایک اٹوٹ کردار ادا کیا کیونکہ شہری صرف اسی بنیاد پر اپنے لیڈر کا انتخاب کر سکتے تھے جبکہ ان پر اثرانداز ہونے والے فیصلوں میں بھی فعال حصہ لیتے تھے۔

پاکستان میں جمہوریت

پاکستان میں جمہوریت کے لیے ایک اور امید جمہوریت پسند رہنماؤں میں پختگی کی صورت میں پیدا ہوئی ہے۔ ماضی میں ایک ڈیموکریٹک پارٹی نے دوسری حکمران پارٹی کے خلاف سازش کی اور جمہوری ترقی کو روک دیا۔ مثال کے طور پر، پاکستان نیشنل الائنس (PNA) نے 1977 کے عام انتخابات کے بعد ذوالفقار علی بھٹو کے خلاف احتجاج کیا اور دعویٰ کیا کہ انتخابات میں دھاندلی ہوئی ہے۔ اس مسئلے کو سیاسی تصفیہ کے ذریعے حل کیا جا سکتا تھا، لیکن انہوں نے بھٹو کی برطرفی اور اسلامی حکومت کے نفاذ کا مطالبہ کیا۔ نتیجتاً فوج کو 1977 میں ضیاء کے دور میں مارشل لاء لگانے کا موقع ملا اور جمہوریت کی راہ میں رکاوٹیں کھڑی کر دیں۔ اس کے علاوہ نواز شریف نے وزیر اعلیٰ پنجاب رہتے ہوئے بے نظیر بھٹو کے لیے مسائل پیدا کیے اور ان کی حکومت کو ہٹانے کی بھرپور کوشش کی۔ اسی طرح بے نظیر بھٹو نے 1993 میں نواز شریف کو ہٹانے میں کردار ادا کیا۔ دونوں جمہوری رہنماوں نے ایک دوسرے کو حکومت سے نکالنے پر جشن منایا اور اپنے حامیوں میں مٹھائیاں تقسیم کیں۔ اس وقت جمہوری رہنما ایسے اقدامات کرنے سے گریز کرتے ہیں جس سے جمہوری ترقی میں رکاوٹ پیدا ہو۔ مثال کے طور پر 2008 میں پیپلز پارٹی کی حکومت کے دوران نواز شریف زرداری کے ساتھ زبانی جنگ میں مصروف تھے لیکن انہیں ہٹانے کے لیے احتجاج نہیں کیا۔ دوسری جانب اسلام آباد میں عمران خان کے مسلسل احتجاج کے دوران زرداری کو نواز حکومت کو ہٹانے کا موقع مل گیا۔ تاہم انہوں نے محسوس کیا کہ یہ جمہوریت دشمن عناصر کے ہاتھ میں کھیلے گی۔ اس طرح، جمہوری رہنما اب بالغ ہو چکے ہیں اور کوئی بھی ایسا قدم اٹھانے سے گریز کرتے ہیں جس سے سویلین حکمرانی کو نقصان پہنچ سکے۔

پاکستان کے شہری اب ملک پر حکمرانی کے اپنے حقوق سے آگاہ ہو چکے ہیں اور یہ جمہوریت کی ترقی کے لیے ایک اچھی علامت ہے۔ اس سے پہلے بہت سے شہریوں نے ڈکٹیٹر کا خیر مقدم کیا کیونکہ جمہوری رہنما اپنے طرز زندگی کو بہتر بنانے میں ناکام رہے۔

کرپٹ سیاسی رہنما

یہ حقیقت کہ تقریباً تمام جمہوری رہنما بدعنوان ہیں، یہ بھی پاکستان میں جمہوریت کی نزاکت کا باعث ہے۔ وہ زیادہ تر منتخب ہونے کے بعد ملک اور اس کے شہریوں کے مفاد کے بجائے وسیع تر مفاد کے لیے کام کرتے ہیں۔ وہ اداروں کو اپنے لوگوں سے بھرنے کے لیے سرکاری ملازمین کی غیر شفاف تقرری کے بھی حامی ہیں۔ اس کے علاوہ، وہ عوامی فنڈز کو اپنے ذاتی اخراجات کے لیے استعمال کرتے ہیں اور اسے غیر قانونی رقم کے انبار نہ لگانے کے لیے اپنی عزت سے کم سمجھتے ہیں۔ وہی پیسہ الیکشن جیتنے کے لیے استعمال کرتے ہیں۔ وزیراعظم عمران خان کی حالیہ احتساب مہم نے ثابت کر دیا۔ ان کی مہم کے تحت دو اہم جمہوری جماعتوں کے اہم رہنماؤں کو کرپشن کے الزام میں گرفتار کیا گیا۔ پانامہ لیکس میں کسان وزیر اعظم نواز شریف سمیت جمہوریت پسند رہنماؤں کے نام بھی سامنے آئے۔ ان کی کرپشن کی وجہ سے مقامی لوگ جمہوریت کو ناپسند کرتے ہیں اور کچھ وقت آمرانہ حکومت کے حق میں بات کرتے ہیں۔ اس لیے جمہوریت پسند رہنماؤں کی کرپشن ملک میں جمہوریت کا راستہ روک رہی ہے۔ پاکستان کی ناقص شرح خواندگی جمہوری حکومتوں کی کارکردگی کو بری طرح متاثر کر رہی ہے۔

پاکستان میں ناخواندگی

یہ معلوم حقیقت ہے کہ جن ممالک میں شرح خواندگی اچھی ہے وہاں جمہوری نظام کامیاب ہے۔ یہ ہے کیونکہ؛ اچھا تعلیمی پس منظر رکھنے والا شخص اپنے ووٹ کی اہمیت کو جانتا ہے اور ملک کی بہتری کے لیے اس کا صحیح استعمال کرتا ہے۔ نتیجے کے طور پر، موثر جمہوری رہنما منتخب کیے جاتے ہیں جو ملک کی باگ ڈور سنبھالتے ہیں۔ اسی وجہ سے امریکہ جیسے ترقی یافتہ ممالک میں جمہوریتیں ثمر آور ہو رہی ہیں اور ان ممالک میں مکمل طور پر منہدم ہو رہی ہیں جہاں شرح خواندگی کم ہے۔ پاکستان میں، تقریباً 50 فیصد ناخواندہ افراد کے ساتھ، جمہوریت لوگوں کے طرز زندگی کو بہتر بنانے اور ملک کو درپیش موجودہ بحران کو حل کرنے میں ناکام رہی ہے۔ اس طرح یہ کہنا غلط نہیں ہوگا کہ شرح خواندگی پاکستان میں جمہوریت کو نقصان پہنچا رہی ہے۔

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