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How to write an effective project plan in 6 simple steps

Contributing writer

If you’re a Type A personality, project planning might sound like music to your ears. Setting deadlines, organizing tasks, and creating order out of chaos — what’s not to love?

The reality is that project planning isn’t for everyone. In one survey by Association for Project Management, 76% of project professionals said their main project was a source of stress . Poor planning, unclear responsibilities, and overallocation are often the culprits behind the stress. 

An effective project plan helps teams stay within budget, scope, and schedule, while delivering quality work. In short, it gets you to the finish line without the stress.  

What is a project plan?

A project plan, also known as a work plan, is a blueprint of your project lifecycle. It’s like a roadmap — it clearly outlines how to get from where you are now (the beginning of the project) to where you want to go (the successful completion of the project). 

“A project plan is an action plan outlining how…[to] accomplish project goals,” says Jami Yazdani , certified Project Management Professional (PMP), project coach, project management consultant, and founder of Yazdani Consulting and Facilitation . 

A comprehensive project plan includes the project schedule, project scope, due dates, and deliverables. Writing a good project plan is key for any new, complex project in the pipeline.

Why Are Project Plans Important?

Project plans allow you to visualize your entire project, from beginning to end—and develop a clear strategy to get from point A to point B. Project plans steer stakeholders in the right direction and keep team members accountable with a common baseline.  

Project plans help you stay agile

Projects are bound by what is traditionally called the “iron triangle” of project management . It means that project managers have to work within the three constraints of scope, resources (project budget and teams), and schedule. You cannot make changes to one without impacting the other two.    

Modern-day project management has shifted to a more agile approach, with a focus on quality. This means that resources and schedules remain unchanged but a fixed number of iterations (flexible scope) helps teams deliver better quality and more value. 

A project plan puts this “agile triangle” in place by mapping out resources, schedules, and the number of iterations — sprints if you’re using a Scrum framework and work in progress (WIP) limits if you’re using the Kanban methodology . 

As Yazdani points out, “Project plans help us strategize a path to project success, allowing us to consider the factors that will impact our project, from stakeholders to budget to schedule delays, and plan how to maximize or mitigate these factors.” 

Project plans provide complete visibility

A project plan, when created with a comprehensive project management software , gives you 360-degree visibility throughout the project lifecycle. 

As a project manager, you need a single source of truth on team members and their project tasks, project scope, project objectives, and project timelines. A detailed project plan gives you this visibility and helps teams stay on track.

Project plans also help to get everyone involved on the same page, setting clear expectations around what needs to be accomplished, when, and by who. 

“Project plans create a framework for measuring project progress and success,” says Yazdani. “Project plans set clear expectations for…stakeholders by outlining exactly what…will [be accomplished] and when it will be delivered.”

Project plans boost engagement and productivity

A well-written project plan clarifies how each individual team member’s contributions play into the larger scope of the project and align with company goals. When employees see how their work directly impacts organizational growth, it generates buy-in and drives engagement , which is critical to a project’s success. 

“Project plans provide…teams with purpose and direction,” says Yazdani. “Transparent project plans show team members how their individual tasks and responsibilities contribute to the overall success of the project, encouraging engagement and collaboration.”

How To Write A Project Plan in 6 Steps

Writing a project plan requires, well, planning. Ideally, the seeds for a project plan need to be sowed before internal project sign-off begins. Before that sign-off, conduct capacity planning to estimate the resources you will need and if they’re available for the duration of the project. After all, you want to set your teams up for success with realistic end dates, buffer time to recharge or catch up in case of unexpected delays, and deliver quality work without experiencing burnout .

Based on organizational capacity, you can lay down project timelines and map out scope as well as success metrics, outline tasks, and build a feedback loop into your project plan. Follow these project planning steps to create a winning plan:      

1. Establish Project Scope And Metrics

Defining your project scope is essential to protecting your iron, or agile, triangle from crumbling. Too often, projects are hit with scope creep , causing delays, budget overruns, and anxiety.

“Clearly define your project’s scope or overall purpose,” says Yazdani. “Confirm any project parameters or constraints, like budget, resource availability, and timeline,” says Yazdani.

A project purpose statement is a high-level brief that defines the what, who, and why of the project along with how and when the goal will be accomplished. But just as important as defining your project scope and purpose is defining what metrics you’re going to use to track progress.

“Establish how you will measure success,” says Yazdani. “Are there metrics, performance criteria, or quality standards you need to meet?”

Clearly defining what your project is, the project’s overall purpose, and how you’re going to measure success lays the foundation for the rest of your project plan—so make sure you take the time to define each of these elements from the get-go.

2. Identify Key Project Stakeholders 

Get clarity on the team members you need to bring the project to life. In other words, identify the key stakeholders of the project. 

“List individuals or groups who will be impacted by the project,” says Yazdani. 

In addition to identifying who needs to be involved in the project, think about how they’ll need to be involved—and at what level. Use a tool like Confluence to run a virtual session to clarify roles and responsibilities, and find gaps that need to be filled. 

Let’s say you’re managing a cross-functional project to launch a new marketing campaign that includes team members from your marketing, design, and sales departments. 

When identifying your key stakeholders, you might create different lists based on the responsibility or level of involvement with the project:

• Decision-makers (who will need to provide input at each step of the project)
• Managers (who will be overseeing employees within their department) 
• Creative talent (who will be actually creating the project deliverables for the campaign) from each department. 

Give your project plan an edge by using a Confluence template like the one below to outline roles and responsibilities.

Define roles, discuss responsibilities, and clarify which tasks fall under each teammate’s purview using this Confluence template. 

Getting clarity on who needs to be involved in the project—and how they’re going to be involved—will help guide the rest of the project plan writing process (particularly when it comes to creating and assigning tasks).

3. Outline Deliverables

Now is the time to get granular.

Each project milestone comprises a series of smaller, tangible tasks that your teams need to produce. While a big-picture view keeps teams aligned, you need signposts along the way to guide them on a day-to-day or weekly basis. Create a list of deliverables that will help you achieve the greater vision of the project. 

“What will you create, build, design, produce, accomplish or deliver?” says Yazdani. “Clearly outline your project’s concrete and tangible deliverables or outcomes.” Centralize these deliverables in a Trello board with designated cards for each one, like in the example below, so you keep work moving forward.

Each card on a board represents tasks and ideas and you can move cards across lists to show progress.

Defining the concrete items you need your project to deliver will help you reverse-engineer the things that need to happen to bring those items to life—which is a must before moving on to the next step.

4. Develop Actionable Tasks

Task management is an important component of any project plan because they help employees see what exactly they need to accomplish. Drill down those deliverables into actionable tasks to assign to your team. 

You can use either Confluence or Jira for different task management needs. If you want to track tasks alongside your work, like action items from a meeting or small team projects, it’s best to use Confluence. But if a project has multiple teams and you need insight into workflows, task history, and reporting, Jira makes it easy.      

“Let your deliverables guide the work of the project,” says Yazdani. “Break down each deliverable into smaller and smaller components until you get to an actionable task.” If a major deliverable is a set of content pieces, the smaller actionable tasks would be to create topic ideas, conduct research, and create outlines for each topic.  

Once you’ve broken down all of your deliverables into manageable, assignable subtasks, analyze how each of those tasks interacts with each other. That way, you can plan, prioritize, assign, and add deadlines accordingly.  

“Highlight any dependencies between tasks, such as tasks that can’t be started until another task is complete,” says Yazdani. “List any resources you will need to accomplish these tasks.”

When a task has multiple assignees, you need to streamline the workflow in your project plan. Say the content pieces you outlined need to be edited or peer-reviewed. A couple of articles may need an interview with a subject matter expert. Lay down a stage-by-stage process of each piece of content and pinpoint when each team member comes into play so you prevent bottlenecks and adjust timeframes.     

5. Assign Tasks And Deadlines

Assign tasks to your team and collaborate with employees to set deadlines for each task. When you involve employees in setting workloads and deadlines , you increase ownership and boost the chances of delivering quality work on time.  

After all, you want to move projects forward at a steady pace, but you also want to make sure your teams stay motivated and engaged. So, when writing your project plan, make sure to “set realistic and achievable deadlines for completing tasks and deliverables,” says Yazdani. “Highlight dates that are inflexible and factor in task dependencies. Add in milestones or checkpoints to monitor progress and celebrate successes .”

Use Jira and Confluence to create tasks that live alongside your project plan or meeting agendas.

Once you map out all of your tasks and deadlines, you should have a clear picture of how and when your project is going to come together—and the initial writing process is just about finished.

But that doesn’t mean your project plan is complete! There’s one more key step to the process.

6. Share, Gather Feedback, And Adjust The Project Plan As Necessary

While steps 1 through 5 may make up your initial writing process, if you want your project plan to be as strong and complete as it can be, it’s important to share it with your team—and get their input on how they think it can be improved.

“Share the plan with your project team and key stakeholders, gathering feedback to make adjustments and improvements,” says Yazdani. 

A tool like Confluence helps knowledge flow freely within teams and departments, leading to better teamwork, higher collaboration, and a shared understanding of priorities. Coworkers can use comments, mentions, notifications, and co-editing capabilities to provide and discuss feedback. 

After you gather your team’s feedback —and make any necessary adjustments based on that feedback—you can consider your project plan complete. Hooray! 

But as your project progresses, things may change or evolve—so it’s important to stay flexible and make changes and adjustments as needed.

“Expect to update your plan as you gather more information, encounter changing requirements and delays, and learn from feedback and mistakes,” says Yazdani. “By using your project plan to guide your activities and measure progress, you’ll be able to refine and improve your plan as you move through the project, tweaking tasks and deadlines as deliverables are developed.”

Download a  template to create your project plan and customize it based on your needs.

Example of a simple project plan 

A project plan doesn’t have to be a complicated spreadsheet with multiple tabs and drop-down menus. It’s best to use a project planning tool like Confluence — or at least a project plan template — to make sure you cover every aspect of the project. A simple project plan includes these elements:

• Project name, brief summary, and objective.
• Project players or team members who will drive the project, along with their roles and responsibilities.
• Key outcomes and due dates.
• Project elements, ideally divided into must-have, nice-to-have and not-in-scope categories.
• Milestones, milestone owners, and a project end date.
• Reference material relevant to the project.

Best Practices For Writing Effective Project Plans

A project planning process can quickly turn into a mishmash of goals and tasks that end up in chaos but these best practices can give you a framework to create a project plan that leads to success.

Use Other Project Plans For Inspiration

There’s no need to reinvent the wheel for every new project! Instead, look to other successful project plans for inspiration—and use them as a guide when writing the plan for your project.

“Review templates and plans for similar projects, or for other projects within your organization or industry, to get ideas for structuring and drafting your own plan,” says Yazdani.

To get started, use a Trello project management template and customize it for your project plan by creating unique lists and adding cards under each list.

Build your team’s ideal workflow and mark each stage of the project plan as a list, with cards for each task. 

Get Your Team Involved In The Process

You may be in charge of spearheading the project. But that doesn’t mean that you have to—or even that you should—write the project plan alone. 

“Collaborate with your project team and key stakeholders on crafting a project plan,” says Yazdani. “Input into the project plan supports buy-in to project goals and encourages continued engagement throughout the project.”

With Confluence , you can organize project details in a centralized space and build a project plan collaboratively.

Don’t Let Perfect Be The Enemy Of The Good

You may be tempted to write (and rewrite) your project plan until you’ve got every detail mapped out perfectly. But spending too much time trying to get everything “perfect” can actually hold up the project. So don’t let perfect be the enemy of the good—and instead of getting caught up in getting everything perfect from the get-go, stay willing and flexible to adjust your project plan as you move forward.

“Focus on outcomes, not plan perfection,” says Yazdani. “While it would be awesome for the first draft of our plan to require no changes while also inspiring our team and ensuring project success, our goal shouldn’t be a perfect plan. Our goal is a plan that allows us to successfully deliver on project goals. Responsiveness to changing needs and a shifting environment is more important than plan perfection.”

Use the right tools to succeed with your project plan

Writing a project plan, especially if you’re new to the process, can feel overwhelming. But now that you know the exact steps to write one, make sure you have the tools you need to create a strong, cohesive plan from the ground up—and watch your project thrive as a result. 

Atlassian Together can help with project planning and management with a powerful combination of tools that make work flow across teams.

Guide your team to project success with Atlassian Together’s suite of products.

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Blog Marketing What is a Project Management Plan and How to Create One

What is a Project Management Plan and How to Create One

Written by: Midori Nediger Dec 11, 2023

Have you ever been part of a project that didn’t go as planned?

It doesn’t feel good.

Wasted time, wasted resources. It’s pretty frustrating for everyone involved.

That’s why it’s so important to create a comprehensive project management plan   before your project gets off the ground.

In this guide, we’ll explore how to create and design a successful project management plan.

We’ll also showcase easy-to-customize project plan templates you can create today with our user-friendly drag-and-drop editor. Let’s get started!

  Click to jump ahead:

What is a project management plan?

5 things you need to know before creating a project management plan, what should a project management plan include, how do you write a project plan, project plan best practices, project management plan templates and examples, common mistakes to avoid when creating a project management plan.

A project management plan is a formal document that defines how a project is going to be carried out by outlining the scope, goals, budget, timeline and deliverables of a project. Its crucial role lies in ensuring the project stays on course.

You write a project plan  during the project planning stage of the  project life cycle , and it must be approved by stakeholders before a project can move on the execution stage.

If some of these terms are new to you, you can get up to speed with this post on project management terms . 

This means your project plan must be engaging, organized, and thorough enough to gain the support of your stakeholders.

Further Reading : New to project management? Read our blog post on the 4 stages of the project life cycle .

The importance of a project management plan

A well-developed project management plan sets the foundation for a successful project by providing a roadmap that guides the project team toward successful project completion. A good project management plan can ensure that:

• Project objectives and goals are clearly defined and understood
• Project scope is effectively managed
• Resources are allocated efficiently to maximize productivity and minimize waste
• Risks are identified, assessed and mitigated
• Project tasks and activities are well-organized and executed in a timely manner.
• Communication among team members , stakeholders and project sponsors is effective and transparent
• Changes to the project are properly evaluated, approved and implemented
• Lessons learned and best practices are documented for future reference and improvement
• Stakeholders are engaged and satisfied with the project outcomes
• The project is delivered within the specified timeline, budget and quality standards

Before diving into creating a project management plan, it is crucial to have a clear understanding of the project objectives and the expectations of stakeholders involved.

Without a firm grasp of these fundamental elements, your project may face significant challenges or fail to deliver the desired outcomes.

Here are key points to consider when creating a project management plan:

• Project Objectives: Clearly understand the project objectives and what you want to achieve. Identify the desired outcomes, deliverables and the purpose of the project.
• Scope of the Project: Determine the boundaries and extent of the project. Define what is included and excluded to ensure clarity and prevent scope creep .
• Stakeholders: Identify all stakeholders who will be impacted by or have an interest in the project. Understand their needs, expectations and level of involvement.
• Resources: Assess the resources required to execute the project successfully. This includes human resources, budget, equipment and materials. Determine their availability and allocation.
• Risks and Constraints: Identify potential risks, uncertainties and constraints that may affect the project. Understand the challenges, limitations and potential obstacles that need to be addressed.

Now that you have these key areas identified, let’s get started with creating your project plan.

Before you start assembling your own plan, you should be familiar with the main components of a typical project plan .

A project management plan should include the following sections:

• Executive summary: A short description of the contents of the report
• Project scope & deliverables: An outline of the boundaries of the project, and a description of how the project will be broken down into measurable deliverables
• Project schedule: A high-level view of project tasks and milestones ( Gantt charts are handy for this)
• Project resources: The budget, personnel, and other resources required to meet project goals
• Risk and issue management plan: A list of factors that could derail the project and a plan for how issues will be identified, addressed, and controlled
• Communication management plan: A plan for how team and stakeholder communication will be handled over the course of the project
• Cost and quality management plan: This section encompasses the project’s budget, cost estimation,and cost control mechanisms. It also includes quality assurance testing and control measures as well as any testing or verification activities to be performed.

Basically, a project plan should tell stakeholders what needs to get done, how it will get done, and when it will get done.

That said, one size doesn’t fit all. Every project management plan must be tailored to the specific industry and circumstances of the project. You can use a project management app for smoother project planning.

For example, this marketing plan looks client facing. It is tailored to sell the client on the agency:

Whereas this commercial development plan focuses on specific objectives and a detailed timeline:

With those basics out of the way, let’s get into how to write a project management plan that’s as engaging as it is professional.

Further Reading : If you’re looking to create a proposal, read our in-depth business proposal guide. Then try our job proposal templates or business proposal templates .

To write a successful project plan, follow these 5 steps below to create an effective project plan that serves as a valuable tool for project management:

1. Highlight the key elements of your project plan in an executive summary  

An executive summary is a brief description of the key contents of a project plan .

I t’s usually the first thing stakeholders will read, and it should act like a Cliff’s-notes version of the whole plan.

It might touch on a project’s value proposition, goals, deliverables, and important milestones, but it has to be concise (it is a summary, after all). First, make sure you develop a proof of concept .

In this example, an executive summary can be broken into columns to contrast the existing problem with the project solution:

The two-column format with clear headers helps break up the information, making it extremely easy to read at a glance.

Here’s another example of a project management plan executive summary. This one visually highlights key takeaways with big fonts and helpful icons:

In this case, the highlighted facts and figures are particularly easy to scan (which is sure to make your stakeholders happy).

But your executive summary won’t always be so simple.

For larger projects, your executive summary will be longer and more detailed.

This project management plan template has a text-heavy executive summary, though the bold headers and different background colors keep it from looking overwhelming:

It’s also a good idea to divide it up into sections, with a dedicated header for each section:

Regardless of how you organize your executive summary, it should give your stakeholders a preview of what’s to come in the rest of the project management plan.

2. Plot your project schedule visually with a Gantt chart

A carefully planned project schedule is key to the success of any project. Without one, your project will likely crumble into a mess of missed deadlines, poor team management, and scope creep.

Luckily, project planning tools like Gantt charts and project timelines make creating your project schedule easy. You can visually plot each project task, add major milestones, then look for any dependencies or conflicts that you haven’t accounted for.

For example, this Gantt chart template outlines high-level project activities over the course of an entire quarter, with tasks color-coded by team:

A high-level roadmap like the one above is probably sufficient for your project management plan. Every team will be able to refer back to this timeline throughout the project to make sure they’re on track.

But before project kickoff, you’ll need to dig in and break down project responsibilities by individual team member, like in this Gantt chart example:

In the later execution and monitoring phases of the project, you’ll thank yourself for creating a detailed visual roadmap that you can track and adjust as things change.

You can also use a project management tool to keep your team organized.

Further Reading:   Our post featuring  Gantt chart examples  and more tips on how to use them for project management.

3. Clarify the structure of your project team with a team org chart

One of the hardest aspects of project planning is assembling a team and aligning them to the project vision.

And aligning your team is all about communication–communicating the project goals, communicating stakeholder requests, communicating the rationale behind big decisions…the list goes on.

This is where good project documentation is crucial! You need to create documents that your team and your stakeholders can access when they have questions or need guidance.

One easy thing to document visually is the structure of your team, with an organizational chart like this one:

In an organizational chart you should include some basic information like team hierarchy and team member contact information. That way your stakeholders have all of the information they need at their fingertips.

But in addition to that, you can indicate the high-level responsibilities of each team member and the channels of communication within the team (so your team knows exactly what they’re accountable for).

Here’s another simple organizational structure template that you can use as a starting point:

Create an organizational chart with our organizational chart maker .

4. Organize project risk factors in a risk breakdown structure

A big part of project planning is identifying the factors that are likely to derail your project, and coming up with plans and process to deal with those factors. This is generally referred to as risk management .

The first step in coming up with a risk management plan is to list all of the factors at play, which is where a risk breakdown structure comes in handy. A risk breakdown structure is a hierarchical representation of project risks, organized by category.

This risk breakdown structure template, for example, shows project risk broken down into technical risk, management risk, and external risk:

Once you’ve constructed your risk breakdown structure, you’ll be ready to do a deep dive into each risk (to assess and plan for any triggers and outcomes).

Streamline your workflow with business process management software .

5. Plan ahead: create project status reports to communicate progress to stakeholders

As I mentioned earlier, communication is fundamental in any project.

But even so, something that’s often overlooked by project managers is a communication management plan–a plan for how the project team is going to communicate with project stakeholders . Too often, project communication defaults to ad-hoc emails or last-minute meetings.

You can avoid this by planning ahead. Start with a project kickoff meeting and include a project status report template as part of your communication plan.

Here’s an example of a simple project status report that you might send to stakeholders on a weekly basis:

This type of report is invaluable for communicating updates on project progress. It shows what you’ve accomplished in a clear, consistent format, which can help flag issues before they arise, build trust with your stakeholders , and makes it easy to reflect on project performance once you’ve reached your goals.

You might also want to include a broader status report for bigger updates on a monthly or quarterly basis, like this one:

The above template allows you to inform stakeholders of more major updates like new budget requirements, revised completion dates, and project performance ratings.

You can even include visualization of up-to-date project milestones, like this example below:

Want more tips on creating visuals to enhance your communications? Read our visual communication guide for businesses . 

Before you dive in, remember: a clear and adaptable plan is crucial for project success. Here are some best practices to keep your project plan on track:

• Use headers, columns and highlights to make your executive summary easy to read
• Plot your project schedule with a Gantt chart (with tasks color-coded by department or team member)
• Use visuals like organizational charts and risk breakdown structures to communicate across your team and with stakeholders
• Pick a flexible template that you can update to align with stakeholder requests

A project management plan is probably the most important deliverable your stakeholders will receive from you (besides the project itself).

It holds all of the information that stakeholders will use to determine whether your project moves forward or gets kicked to the curb.

That’s why it’s a good idea to start with a project management plan template. Using a template can help you organize your information logically and ensure it’s engaging enough to hold your stakeholders’ attention.

Construction project management plan template

Time is money, especially with construction projects. Having a construction plan template brings order to the chaos.

Instead of staring at a messy pile of construction stuff, you’ve got a plan that breaks everything down into bite-sized pieces.

And let’s not forget the paperwork. Construction projects have rules and regulations to follow. Your project plan helps you stay on the right side of the law with all the necessary documentation and compliance measures.

Start with a meticulous project overview, like in the second page of this template:

Though you may think this project will be similar to others you’ve done in the past, it’s important to nail the details.

This will also help you understand the scope of work so you can estimate costs properly and arrive at a quote that’s neither too high or low. Ontario Construction News has great advice on this process.

Simple project management plan template

This simple project management plan template that clearly lays out all of the information your stakeholders will need:

Simple project management communication plan template

A key part of project management is making sure everyone’s in the loop. A project communication plan ensures everyone knows how, where, who and when the team will communicate during the course of the project. Also construction scheduling is a critical aspect of the project management plan as it helps to ensure that all necessary tasks are completed within the allocated time frame and budget.

The key is to figure out what kind of communications is valuable to stakeholders and what is simply overwhelming and won’t lead to better decisions.

This template clearly outlines all of these factors to help manage expectations and eliminate confusion about what will get communicated and when:

Commercial development project plan template

The below project management plan template is simple and minimal, but still uses a unique layout and simple visuals to create an easy-to-read, scannable project overview.

This template is perfect for building or construction management , or any technical projects:

When picking a project plan template, look for one that’s flexible enough to accommodate any changes your stakeholders might request before they’ll approve the project. You never know what might change in the early planning stages of the project! You can also use project management tools to help you with your planning !

Creating a solid project management plan is crucial for setting your project up for success. Here are some common mistakes to avoid:

• Lack of clear goals: Don’t just have a vague idea of what you want to achieve. Define clear, SMART goals (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and Time-bound) for your project. That way, everyone will be on the same page and it’ll be easier to measure progress effectively.
• Unrealistic timelines: Be optimistic, but also realistic. Don’t underestimate the time required for tasks. Factor in potential delays and buffer time when creating your project schedule.
• Scope creep: New requirements mid-project can affect deadlines and budgets. Plan the project clearly upfront, and take into consideration any changes that might come up.
• Poor communication: Communication is key throughout the project lifecycle. Regularly update stakeholders, team members and clients on progress, roadblocks and changes.
• Ignoring risks: Things don’t always go according to plan. Identify potential risks upfront and have a mitigation strategy in place for each one.
• Not involving stakeholders: Get key stakeholders involved early on. This helps manage everyone’s expectations and that you have the buy-in you need for success.
• Neglecting resource constraints: Don’t overload your team or underestimate the resources needed. Carefully consider the skills, time and budget available when planning your project.
• Micromanaging: Trust your team! Delegate tasks effectively and give them the autonomy they need to do their jobs.
• Failing to document: Keep good records. Document project decisions, plans and communication. This helps maintain transparency and ensures everyone has access to the latest information.
• Not adapting to change: Be prepared to adapt your plan as needed. Projects are rarely static, so be flexible and willing to adjust your approach based on new information or developments.

So, that’s the scoop on project management plans! I hope this piece will help you to avoid confusion, keep expectations in check and be ready to tackle any bumps for your upcoming projects.

If you ever need a revision, just follow the steps we talked about, use those best practices and you’ll have a plan that sets your project up for a win. Just remember, even the best plans need some tweaking sometimes. Be flexible and adjust as needed and you’re good to go!

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Project Management Plan: Samples, Examples & Free Template

Learn how to create a project management plan that actually works and ensures you get your project over the line on time and on budget, with samples and examples

Table of Contents

What is a project management plan, what is a project management plan used for, what are the main elements of a project plan, how to write a project management plan, sample project management plan outline, using our project management plan template to build your project plan, project management plan: faq's.

A project management plan is a comprehensive document that outlines how a project will be executed, monitored, controlled and closed. For project managers and their teams, it's the ultimate toolkit for achieving their objectives while managing day-to-day pressures such as time, cost, scope, resourcing and risk. This guide outlines what a project management plan is used for, why it's important , and offers a step-by-step guide on how to make one that actually works.

Your project plan document is where you go deep on the ins, outs, overs, and unders of your project. It's where you break this vision down into the day-to-day execution of your project, covering everything you need to do to reach your project goals.

A detailed project plan will plot out everything from timelines to budget, resourcing to deliverables, and more, giving you a blueprint of what needs to be done (and when) that you can use to guide — and assess — your project.

The key components of a project management plan are:

Project Objectives

Scope Statement

Schedule Management

Cost Management

Resource Management

Communication Plan

Stakeholder Management

Procurement Management

Closure Criteria

Project Organization

Ready to get down to business? Here are 5 key things you need to do when writing a project plan.

1. Identify the baselines for your project

Before you begin writing a project plan, you need to make sure you have the basics down. Start by identifying the baselines for the project’s scope, schedule and cost, as the rest of your project planning will need to fit in around those constraints.

As mentioned above, these baselines should already be roughly outlined in your project charter — but here’s where you really start to map them out and create accurate estimates. And the more detailed, the better, because these are what you’ll be using for comparison to measure how your project performs.

2. Identify your project dependencies

Or in other words, ask yourself: what needs to happen before this other thing can happen? Identifying your project dependencies at the outset of your project means you can plan your timelines more efficiently, spot potential blockers, and ensure that you avoid unnecessary delays.

3. Identify project stakeholders

You’ll already have done the groundwork for this in your stakeholder analysis, but as you flesh out your project management plan and think through the phases of your project in more detail, you’ll likely start to find more project stakeholders at each phase.

Now is also a good time to go deeper on which stakeholders need to be informed and involved at which stages, for a more comprehensive stakeholder management plan you can use at each phase of your project.

4. Identify project milestones

What are the key markers of your project’s progress? It can be a concrete deliverable, the end of a phase in a stage-gate process — whatever milestones make sense to you, breaking your project down into manageable chunks, each with a defined goal, helps to keep the team motivated, allows you to celebrate each achievement, and signposts how the overall progress is coming along.  Learn more about using Milestones here .

5. Identify who’s responsible for what

Once you start to get a big-picture understanding of the work that’s needed and the resources you have to complete it, you can start deciding who should do what. Giving each item an owner is essential to getting things done. No more “oh, was I supposed to do that?” — once you identify who’s responsible for what, you can ensure accountability and transparency.

The 5 Stages of Team Development

All teams develop according to some natural patterns and using that knowledge, you can offer some guidance to build the kind of team that communicates well and finds better ways to collaborate and achieve the goals you’ve established. Here’s what you need to know.

Now let's go through a sample project plan. In the below example, we highlight the main sections of the plan and what needs to be included in each one to set your project up for success.

Section 1: Executive summary

The executive summary offers a concise overview of the entire project. It includes key highlights such as the project's purpose, objectives, scope, timeline, budget, and major stakeholders. It's often the first section stakeholders read to get a high-level understanding of the project.

Section 2: Project introduction

This section sets the stage by providing context and background information about the project. It explains why the project is being undertaken and introduces the main objectives and scope of the project.

Section 3: Project objectives

Here, the project's specific goals and objectives are outlined in detail. Objectives should be SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound) to provide clarity and guidance.

Section 4: Project scope

The scope section defines what is included and excluded from the project. It helps prevent scope creep by establishing clear boundaries and also mentions any assumptions and constraints that may affect the project.

Section 5: Schedule management

This section details the project's timeline, including milestones and deadlines. It breaks down the project into tasks and identifies task dependencies. Often, visual representations like Gantt charts are used for clarity.

Section 6: Cost management

Here, the project budget is presented, including cost estimates for various project components. It may also outline cost control measures to ensure the project stays within budget.

Section 7: Quality management

This section focuses on the quality standards and objectives for the project. It describes quality control and assurance processes, as well as any inspection and testing procedures that will be implemented.

Project management template

Save time on setup without sacrificing attention to detail. With our project management template, you can quickly create project management plans that help you complete your project on time and on budget.

Section 8: Resource management

In this section, the project team is introduced, and roles and responsibilities are defined. It addresses resource allocation, scheduling, and, if applicable, procurement needs.

Section 9: Risk management

The risk management section identifies potential risks and uncertainties that could impact the project. It discusses risk assessment, prioritization, and mitigation strategies to reduce the impact of these risks.

Section 10: Communication plan

The communication plan outlines how project information will be shared with stakeholders and team members. It specifies communication methods, frequency, and reporting channels to ensure effective communication throughout the project.

Section 11: Stakeholder management

This section lists project stakeholders and analyzes their interests, influence, and expectations. It also outlines strategies for engaging and managing these stakeholders to ensure their needs are addressed.

Section 12: Procurement management

If procurement of goods or services is involved, this section explains the procurement strategy, vendor selection criteria, and how contracts will be managed.

Section 13: Change management

Change management procedures are detailed here, including how changes to the project scope, schedule, or other aspects will be requested, evaluated, approved, and communicated.

Section 14: Closure criteria

Criteria for determining when the project is complete and ready for closure are specified in this section. It may also include plans for project handover and post-project evaluation.

Section 15: Project organization

This section describes the project team's structure, roles, and responsibilities, ensuring everyone understands their positions and reporting lines. It may also mention external stakeholders and their roles if applicable.

Once you’ve documented your project management plan, bring it to life with a project management tool that will help you to stay on track, keep your team accountable, and promote transparency.

Here are 3 ways you can use Teamwork.com to supercharge your project management plan.

Add your supporting documentation to Teamwork Spaces

Use the Teamwork.com and Teamwork Spaces integration to link a project in Teamwork.com with a space in Teamwork Spaces, so your important project documents are only ever a click away.

Some documents you might want to add in addition to your project charter and project management plan include:

Scoping documents

Risk assessments

Change management plans

SOPs for important project processes

List of stakeholders and their roles

Outline of approval processes

Communications management plan

Any other best practices documentation or supporting info as necessary

You can even embed task lists into your pages and mark tasks as complete right from Teamwork Spaces, so you can keep work flowing without even needing to switch tabs.

Start adding your Milestones

Break down your work into Milestones and task lists that are going to help you reach them. With Teamwork.com, you can assign an owner to each Milestone, map out your Milestone due dates and see them represented in the project calendar, and even get a full change history for milestones so you can track any edits.

Visualize your task dependencies with a Gantt chart

Gantt chart-style views are a useful way to get a visual representation of your tasks and their dependencies, allowing for better scheduling and resourcing. In Teamwork.com, you can drag and drop to quickly rearrange your project schedule , without throwing everything out of order or straying off-plan.

Remember: software should support the way you work, not dictate it. So regardless of methodology or team type, create a project plan that works for you and your team — and find a tool that helps you put it into action.

Use our project plan template

Now that you know how to create a project management plan that actually works, you’re ready to implement using our team management software . To help you get up and running quickly, we’ve created a ready to use project plan template . Our project template will help you quickly create project plans that ensure all of your projects are completed on time and on budget

What is a project management plan template?

A project management plan template is a pre-designed framework that provides a structured format for creating a project management plan. It serves as a starting point for project managers and teams to develop their specific project plans, saving time and ensuring that key project management components are properly addressed.

How can a template help you build a great project management plan?

A template can help you build a great project management plan by saving time, ensuring comprehensive coverage of project management aspects, and incorporating industry best practices and visual aids for clarity. They also support collaboration, version control, and customization to fit the unique needs of each project, making them a valuable tool for project managers in achieving successful project outcomes.

What is the main purpose of a project management plan?

The main purpose of a project management plan is to provide a comprehensive and structured roadmap for successfully executing, monitoring, controlling, and closing a project. It serves as a central document that outlines project objectives, scope, schedule, budget, quality standards, resource allocation, risk management strategies, and communication approaches.

What tools do I need to help manage a project plan?

To effectively manage a project plan, you'll need a set of tools and software that cover various aspects of project management. These include project management software, communication and collaboration platforms, file and document management solutions, time and task tracking apps, and budgeting and financial management tools.

What steps are involved in the project planning process?

The steps involved in the project planning process include defining specific project objectives and scope, identifying deliverables and key milestones, budgets, risk assessment and quality control measures. It should also include a communication plan and stakeholder engagement strategies.

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• What is project planning? (Plus, 7 ste ...

What is project planning? (Plus, 7 steps to write a successful project plan)

Organize your projects with project plans to keep things on track—before you even start. A project plan houses all the necessary details of your project, such as goals, tasks, scope, deadlines, and deliverables. This shows stakeholders a clear roadmap of your project, ensures you have the resources for it, and holds everyone accountable from the start. In this article, we teach you the seven steps to create your own project plan.

Project plans are essential to keeping your project organized and on track. A great project plan will help you kick off your work with all the necessary pieces—from goals and budgets to milestones and communication plans—in one place. Save yourself time (and a few headaches) by creating a work plan that will make your project a success.

What is project planning?

Project planning is the second stage in the project management process, following project initiation and preceding project execution. During the project planning stage, the project manager creates a project plan, which maps out project requirements. The project planning phase typically includes setting project goals, designating project resources, and mapping out the project schedule.

What is a project plan?

If you're still unsure about what a project plan is, here's how it differs from other project elements:

Project plan vs. work plan: A project plan and a work plan are the same thing. Different teams or departments might prefer one term or another—but they both ultimately describe the same thing: a list of big-picture action steps you need to take to hit your  project objectives .

Project plan vs. project charter: A project charter is an outline of your project. Mostly, you use project charters to get signoff from key stakeholders before you start. Which means your project charter comes before your project plan. A project charter is an outline of a simple project plan—it should only include your project objectives, scope, and responsibilities. Then, once your charter has been approved, you can create a project plan to provide a more in-depth blueprint of the key elements of your project.

Project plan vs. project scope: Your project scope defines the size and boundaries of your project. As part of your project plan, you should outline and share the scope of your project with all project stakeholders. If you’re ever worried about scope creep , you can refer back to your pre-defined scope within your project plan to get back on track.

Project plan vs. agile project: Agile project management is a framework to help teams break work into iterative, collaborative components . Agile frameworks are often run in conjunction with scrum and sprint methodologies. Like any project, an Agile project team can benefit from having a project plan in place before getting started with their work.

Project plan vs. work breakdown structure: Similar to a project plan, your work breakdown structure (WBS) helps you with project execution. While the project plan focuses on every aspect of your project, the WBS is focused on deliverables—breaking them down into sub-deliverables and project tasks. This helps you visualize the whole project in simple steps. Because it’s a visual format, your WBS is best viewed as a Gantt chart (or timeline), Kanban board , or calendar—especially if you’re using project management software .

Why are project plans important?

Project plans set the stage for the entire project. Without one, you’re missing a critical step in the overall project management process . When you launch into a project without defined goals or objectives, it can lead to disorganized work, frustration, and even scope creep. A clear, written project management plan provides a baseline direction to all stakeholders, while also keeping everyone accountable. It confirms that you have the resources you need for the project before it actually begins.

A project plan also allows you, as the person in charge of leading execution, to forecast any potential challenges you could run into while the project is still in the planning stages. That way, you can ensure the project will be achievable—or course-correct if necessary. According to a study conducted by the  Project Management Institute , there is a strong correlation between project planning and project success—the better your plan, the better your outcome. So, conquering the planning phase also makes for better project efficiency and results.

7 steps to write a project plan to keep you on track

To create a clear project management plan, you need a way to track all of your moving parts . No matter what type of project you’re planning, every work plan should have:

Goals and project objectives

Success metrics

Stakeholders and roles

Scope and budget

Milestones , deliverables , and project dependencies

Timeline and schedule

Communication plan.

Not sure what each of these mean or should look like? Let’s dive into the details:

Step 1: Define your goals and objectives

You’re working on this project plan for a reason—likely to get you, your team, or your company to an end goal. But how will you know if you’ve reached that goal if you have no way of measuring success?

Every successful project plan should have a clear, desired outcome. Identifying your goals provides a rationale for your project plan. It also keeps everyone on the same page and focused on the results they want to achieve. Moreover, research shows that employees who know how their work is contributing to company objectives are 2X as motivated . Yet only 26% of employees have that clarity. That’s because most goal-setting happens separate from the actual work. By defining your goals within your work plan, you can connect the work your team is doing directly to the project objectives in real-time.

What's the difference between project goals and project objectives?

In general, your project goals should be higher-level than your project objectives. Your project goals should be SMART goals that help you measure project success and show how your project aligns with business objectives . The purpose of drafting project objectives, on the other hand, is to focus on the actual, specific deliverables you're going to achieve at the end of your project. Your project plan provides the direction your team needs to hit your goals, so you can create a workflow that hits project objectives.

Your project  plan  provides the direction your team needs to hit your goals, by way of your project objectives. By incorporating your goals directly into your planning documentation, you can keep your project’s North Star on hand. When you’re defining your project scope, or outlining your project schedule, check back on your goals to make sure that work is in favor of your main objectives.

Step 2: Set success metrics

Once you’ve defined your goals, make sure they’re measurable by setting key success metrics. While your goal serves as the intended result, you need success metrics to let you know whether or not you’re performing on track to achieve that result. The best way to do that is to set  SMART goals . With SMART goals, you can make sure your success metrics are clear and measurable, so you can look back at the end of your project and easily tell if you hit them or not.

For example, a goal for an event might be to host an annual 3-day conference for SEO professionals on June 22nd. A success metric for that goal might be having at least 1,000 people attend your conference. It’s both clear and measurable.

Step 3: Clarify stakeholders and roles

Running a project usually means getting  collaborators  involved in the execution of it. In your project management plan, outline which team members will be a part of the project and what each person’s role will be. This will help you decide who is responsible for each task (something we’ll get to shortly) and let stakeholders know how you expect them to be involved.

During this process, make sure to define the various roles and responsibilities your stakeholders might have. For example, who is directly responsible for the project’s success? How is your project team structured (i.e. do you have a project manager, a project sponsor , etc.)? Are there any approvers that should be involved before anything is finalized? What cross-functional stakeholders should be included in the project plan? Are there any  risk management factors  you need to include?

Consider using a system, such as a  RACI chart , to help determine who is driving the project forward, who will approve decisions, who will contribute to the project, and who needs to remain informed as the project progresses.

Then, once you’ve outlined all of your roles and stakeholders, make sure to include that documentation in your project plan. Once you finalize your plan, your work plan will become your cross-functional source of truth.

Step 4: Set your budget

Running a project usually costs money. Whether it’s hiring freelancers for content writing or a catering company for an event, you’ll probably be spending some cash.

Since you’ve already defined your goals and stakeholders as part of your project plan, use that information to establish your budget. For example, if this is a cross-functional project involving multiple departments, will the departments be splitting the project cost? If you have a specific goal metric like event attendees or new users, does your proposed budget support that endeavor?

By establishing your project budget during the project planning phase (and before the spending begins), you can get approval, more easily track progress, and make smart, economical decisions during the implementation phase of your project. Knowing your budget beforehand helps you with resource management , ensuring that you stay within the initial financial scope of the project. Planning helps you determine what parts of your project will cost what—leaving no room for surprises later on.

Step 5: Align on milestones, deliverables, and project dependencies

An important part of planning your project is setting milestones, or specific objectives that represent an achievement. Milestones don’t require a start and end date, but hitting one marks a significant accomplishment during your project. They are used to measure progress. For example, let’s say you’re working to develop a  new product for your company . Setting a milestone on your project timeline for when the prototype is finalized will help you measure the progress you’ve made so far.

A project deliverable , on the other hand, is what is actually produced once you meet a milestone. In our product development example, we hit a milestone when we produced the deliverable, which was the prototype. You can also use project dependencies —tasks that you can’t start until others are finished. Dependencies ensure that work only starts once it’s ready. Continuing the example, you can create a project dependency to require approval from the project lead before prototype testing begins.  

If you’re using our free project plan template , you can easily organize your project around deliverables, dependencies, and milestones. That way, everyone on the team has clear visibility into the work within your project scope, and the milestones your team will be working towards.

Step 6: Outline your timeline and schedule

In order to achieve your project goals, you and your stakeholders need clarity on your overall project timeline and schedule. Aligning on the time frame you have can help you better prioritize during strategic planning sessions.

Not all projects will have clear-cut timelines. If you're working on a large project with a few unknown dates, consider creating a  project roadmap  instead of a full-blown project timeline. That way, you can clarify the order of operations of various tasks without necessarily establishing exact dates.

Once you’ve covered the high-level responsibilities, it’s time to focus some energy on the details. In your  work plan template , start by breaking your project into tasks, ensuring no part of the process is skipped. Bigger tasks can even be broken down into smaller subtasks, making them more manageable.

Then, take each task and subtask, and assign it a start date and end date. You’ll begin to visually see everything come together in a  cohesive project timeline . Be sure to add stakeholders, mapping out who is doing what by when.

Step 7: Share your communication plan

We’ve established that most projects include multiple stakeholders. That means communication styles will vary among them. You have an opportunity to set your expectations up front for this particular project in your project plan. Having a communication plan is essential for making sure everyone understands what’s happening, how the project is progressing, and what’s going on next. And in case a roadblock comes up, you’ll already have a clear communication system in place.

As you’re developing your communication plan, consider the following questions:

How many project-related meetings do you need to have? What are their goals?

How will you manage project status updates ? Where will you share them?

What tool will you use to manage the project and communicate progress and updates?

Like the other elements of your project plan, make sure your communication plan is easily accessible within your project plan. Stakeholders and cross-functional collaborators should be able to easily find these guidelines during the planning and execution phases of your project. Using project planning tools or task management software that integrates with apps like Slack and Gmail can ensure all your communication happens in one easily accessible place. 

Example project plan

Next, to help you understand what your project management plan should look like, here are two example plans for marketing and design projects that will guide you during your own project planning.

Project plan example: annual content calendar

Let’s say you’re the Content Lead for your company, and it’s your responsibility to create and deliver on a content marketing calendar for all the content that will be published next year. You know your first step is to build your work plan. Here’s what it might look like:

Goals and success metrics

You establish that your goal for creating and executing against your content calendar is to increase engagement by 10%. Your success metrics are the open rate and click through rate on emails, your company’s social media followers, and how your pieces of content rank on search engines.

Stakeholders and each person’s role

There will be five people involved in this project.

You, Content Lead: Develop and maintain the calendar

Brandon and Jamie, Writers: Provide outlines and copy for each piece of content

Nate, Editor: Edit and give feedback on content

Paula, Producer: Publish the content once it’s written and edited

Your budget for the project plan and a year’s worth of content is $50,000.

Milestones and deliverables

Your first milestone is to finish the content calendar, which shows all topics for the year. The deliverable is a sharable version of the calendar. Both the milestone and the deliverables should be clearly marked on your project schedule.

You’ve determined that your schedule for your content calendar project plan will go as follows:

October 15 - November 1: The research phase to find ideas for topics for content

November 2 - November 30: Establish the topics you’ll write about

December 1 - January 1: Build the calendar

January 1 - December 31: Content will be written by Brandon and Jamie, and edited by Nate, throughout the year

January 16 - December 31: Paula will begin publishing and continue to do so on a rolling basis throughout the year.

You’ll have a kick-off meeting and then monthly update meetings as part of your communication plan. Weekly status updates will be sent on Friday afternoons. All project-related communication will occur within a  project management tool .

How ClassPass manages project plans from start to finish

Kerry Hoffman, Senior Project Manager of Marketing Operations at  ClassPass , oversees all marketing projects undertaken by the creative, growth, and content teams. Here are her top three strategies for managing project plans:

Identify stakeholders up front: No matter the size of the project, it’s critical to know who the stakeholders are and their role in the project so you ensure you involve the right people at each stage. This will also make the review and approval process clear before the team gets to work.

Agree on how you want to communicate about your project: Establish where and when communication should take place for your project to ensure that key information is captured in the right place so everyone stays aligned.

Be adaptable and learn other people’s working styles: Projects don’t always go according to plan, but by implementing proper integration management you can keep projects running smoothly. Also, find out how project members like to work so you take that into account as you create your plan. It will help things run smoother once you begin executing.

Write your next project plan like a pro

Congratulations—you’re officially a work planning pro. With a few steps, a little bit of time, and a whole lot of organization, you’ve successfully written a project plan.

Keep yourself and your team on track, and address challenges early by using project planning software like Asana . Work through each of the steps of your project plan with confidence, and streamline your communications with the team.

Related resources

Scaling clinical trial management software with PM solutions

Data-driven decision making: A step-by-step guide

How Asana uses work management for employee onboarding

4 ways to establish roles and responsibilities for team success

Project management goal: Add people and assign them to tasks

Project management tips before you start . . .

If you’re new to project management If you’re new to project management, you might realize there’s more to worry about than just adding tasks, like how many people to put on them, how to account for people’s holidays and vacation time, and how and where to put in personal information like phone numbers, email addresses, and salary information.

Here are tips to get you started.

Learn what types of resources you can assign to tasks     After you gather the information you need about project tasks, identify the types of resources you’ll need.

People resources     These are resources we normally think of as working on tasks. Project managers sometimes call these work resources, as opposed to materials and equipment.

Enterprise resources     These resources are work resources managed and shared across an organization. Enterprise resources are used with Project Professional.

Material resources     These resources include computers or machinery used to complete work on tasks.

Generic resources     These resources specify staffing requirements for tasks and not specific individuals, such as carpenters, or developers.

Consider how the number of resources changes durations When you put multiple resources on a task, you’d expect the duration of a task to shorten. In many cases, however, adding people to a task can have the opposite effect. It can add extra costs, extra communication, and other inefficiencies. For example, the design for a new toll bridge probably isn’t going to go faster if you double the number of architects on the project. Project allows you to control what happens to task durations after you add to tasks.

Consider how a person's capabilities affect task durations A person’s experience can directly affect the duration of the task. You might expect a person with five years’ experience to complete a task in less time than someone with two.

If you’re a seasoned project manager As projects get bigger, there are more things to think about. You now worry about using resources in other departments, hiring vendors, tracking a hundred peoples’ work, generating reports for executives, and numerous other complexities you haven’t even thought about yet. Fortunately, Microsoft Project has the expert tools you’ll need.

Here are a tips to grow your expertise.

Review and refine the duration estimates     Use the information that you collect about your current project and similar projects to refine your duration estimates. The accuracy of your estimates for resource requirements (and ultimately project costs) depends largely on the accuracy of your task duration estimates.

Track resource progress     Make sure the people on your project send in regular task status updates. The views and reports in Microsoft Project help you not lose track of what everyone is doing.

Identify resource overallocation problems     Project can help you identify when people are working on too many tasks at the same time.

Keep an eye on your baselines     Baselines give you a snapshot of your project so that you compare current progress with what you planned at the beginning.

Distribute work by leveling     When people are working on too many tasks at the same time, Project can adjust assignments to a more realistic workload. Leveling resource assignments is one way to even out the load.

Step 1: Add people to your project

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Step 2: Assign people and other resources to tasks

Step 3: Manage people and other resources

Return to The project management road map

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• How-to Guides

Tips for Students: Writing Project Management Assignments

by MyMG Team · Published March 23, 2020 · Updated July 4, 2024

Is it confusing for you to kickstart the writing process for your project management assignment? Does all that jargon like sustainability strategies, project feasibility, or risk mitigation make you feel stressed?

What is the best way to highlight your challenging project management topic acceptably?

‘Phew, what a challenging paper! How can I find a professional writer to deal with these boring assignments?”

Ok, we hear you. You can do it online in a matter of minutes. In fact, assignment writing help services can take all your project management paper worries away and deliver you a custom essay or even a 5-star dissertation without any hassle for you.

Sounds fantastic? That’s exactly what they do.

“Ok, cool. Is this a reliable way to deal with my papers?” Sure. Unless you are super lazy and want to turn them in without any modifications.

“What do you mean?” If you want to avoid any troubles in your college or university and have no time/desire to write your assignment on your own, you can look for expert help online.

However, once you get a well-written paper on your topic from the expert writer in that subject area, you need to rewrite it and modify it to some extent.

If you do this, nobody will ever accuse you of cheating or plagiarism, and you’ll save tons of time instead of completing your assignment from scratch.

Now, let’s explore the top tips for writing your project management assignments.

Get Enough Time for Writing

Essay writing is an essential academic skill. To create amazing papers, it’s crucial to have a great essay writing competence. How do you get it? Through practice. Write often. Write a lot.

One of the golden rules of writing any kind of essay is to make sure you get enough time in your schedule for research and writing.

Understand that you need some time to complete the work without being in a rush. Rarely, you can come up with an exceptional essay overnight. For this, you need to be really motivated, inspired and loaded with facts, arguments, and brilliant ideas.

Of course, there needs to be adequate time for choosing a topic, doing the research, reading all the materials and taking notes, gathering the notes into a logical order to form an outline, and writing the essay. Without doing all these things, you won’t be able to submit a top-grade paper on time.

Once you finish writing your paper, you still need to put in some work. What does it mean? Your essay needs to be proofread, edited, and polished up.

Every student works at a different pace, so discovering how much time is needed is an individual thing, and the first most crucial essay writing skill.

Choosing a topic

This step is central to a knockout essay. That’s because the topic can make or break the article. Choose it carefully if you have such an opportunity. If the instructor has assigned a topic, then it is up to you to find a perfect angle on the topic to base your essay on.

Photo by Dollar Gill on Unsplash

Research and taking notes

The research phase is where the student dives into what others have written about the general topic. This step could be done before step 2 if the student needs help narrowing down the topic or the angle on the topic.

Jotting down notes during the reading and referencing the source for the notes will save tons of time later on in writing.

Forming the Outline and Writing the Essay

The notes are organized into groups that logically fit together. A description for each set is like a subheading. These can be arranged in chronological order or organized in a fashion that flows well from one idea to the next. This is the outline of the body of the essay.

Writing the essay consists of filling in the details for each of the sections in the outline. It includes writing a captivating opening paragraph and a memorable summary at the end.

Proofreading and editing

Unfortunately, this important step is often missed. Even the best essays will fail without detailed proofreading and in-depth editing.

It is best if this step is done by another person, as it is easy for a writer to overlook their own mistakes in assignment writing.

The proofreader and editor should be someone who is really good at writing, not just a neighbour or friend because they are available and free.

So now you know all the basic steps that you need to take to be able to submit a winning project management assignment on time. Don’t just sleep on these tips. Put them into work and you will see the results.

Alternatively, you may always choose a service for you to assist.

Tags: project manager student tasks writing

We are a small group of professionals specializing in project management. We wish you success in your career, business, studies, or whatever else you think is worth your time and effort—we are pleased to know that our advice is helpful.

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Project Planning: How to Make a Project Plan

This guide is brought to you by projectmanager, the project planning software trusted by 35,000+ users worldwide. make a project plan in minutes.

What Is a Project Plan?

How to create a project plan, project planning phase, what is project planning software, benefits of online project planning software, must-have project planning software features, project planning terms, project planning steps, how to create a project plan with projectmanager, what is the purpose of a project management plan, the elements of a project plan, how long does the project planning phase take, techniques for the project planning process, how to manage your project plan.

A project plan is a series of formal documents that define the execution and control stages of a project. The plan includes considerations for risk management, resource management and communications, while also addressing scope, cost and schedule baselines. Project planning software is used by project managers to ensure that their plans are thorough and robust.

ProjectManager allows you to make detailed project plans with online Gantt charts that have task dependencies, resource hours, labor costs, milestones, the critical path and more. Plus, your team can execute the plan in any of our five project views, while you track progress along the way with dashboards. Start today for free.

The project plan, also called project management plan, answers the who, what, where, why, how and when of the project—it’s more than a Gantt chart with tasks and due dates. The purpose of a project plan is to guide the execution and control project phases.

As mentioned above, a project plan consists of the following documents:

• Project Charter : Provides a general overview of the project. It describes the project’s reasons, goals, objectives, constraints, stakeholders, among other aspects.
• Statement of Work : A statement of work (SOW) defines the project’s scope, schedule, deliverables, milestones, and tasks.
• Work Breakdown Structure : Breaks down the project scope into the project phases, subprojects, deliverables, and work packages that lead to your final deliverable.
• Project Plan : The project plan document is divided in sections to cover the following: scope management, quality management, risk assessment, resource management, stakeholder management, schedule management and the change management plan.

This guide aims to give you all the information and resources you need to create a project plan and get it approved by your customers and stakeholders. Let’s start with the basics of writing a project plan.

Get your free

Project Plan Template

Use this free Project Plan Template for Word to manage your projects better.

Your project plan is essential to the success of any project. Without one, your project may be susceptible to common project management issues such as missed deadlines, scope creep and cost overrun. While writing a project plan is somewhat labor intensive up front, the effort will pay dividends throughout the project life cycle.

The basic outline of any project plan can be summarized in these five steps:

• Define your project’s stakeholders, scope, quality baseline, deliverables, milestones, success criteria and requirements. Create a project charter, work breakdown structure (WBS) and a statement of work (SOW) .
• Identify risks and assign deliverables to your team members, who will perform the tasks required and monitor the risks associated with them.
• Organize your project team (customers, stakeholders, teams, ad hoc members, and so on), and define their roles and responsibilities.
• List the necessary project resources , such as personnel, equipment, salaries, and materials, then estimate their cost.
• Develop change management procedures and forms.
• Create a communication plan , schedule, budget and other guiding documents for the project.

Each of the steps to write a project plan explained above correspond to the 5 project phases, which we will outline in the next section.

What Are the 5 Phases of the Project Life Cycle?

Any project , whether big or small, has the potential to be very complex. It’s much easier to break down all the necessary inclusions for a project plan by viewing your project in terms of phases. The Project Management Institute , within the Project Management Book of Knowledge (PMBOK), have identified the following 5 phases of a project:

• Initiation: The start of a project, in which goals and objectives are defined through a business case and the practicality of the project is determined by a feasibility study.
• Planning: During the project planning phase, the scope of the project is defined by a work breakdown structure (WBS) and the project methodology to manage the project is decided on. Costs, quality and resources are estimated, and a project schedule with milestones and task dependencies is identified. The main deliverable of this phase is your project plan.
• Execution: The project deliverables are completed during this phase. Usually, this phase begins with a kick-off meeting and is followed by regular team meetings and status reports while the project is being worked on.
• Monitoring & Controlling: This phase is performed in tandem with the project execution phase. Progress and performance metrics are measured to keep progress on the project aligned with the project plan.
• Closure: The project is completed when the stakeholder receives the final deliverable. Resources are released, contracts are signed off on and, ideally, there will be an evaluation of the successes and failures.

Free Project Plan Template

Address all aspects of your project plan with this free project plan template for Word . This in-depth template will guide you through every phase of the project, as well as all the elements you need to outline for a proper document. Download your template today.

We’ve created also created other project planning templates to help you create all the different documents that make up a project plan, like the project schedule, project budget or resource plan.

Now that we’ve learned how to make a project plan, and identified the stages of the project management life cycle, we need to emphasize on the importance of the project planning phase.

The project planning process is critical for any kind of project because this is where you create all the documents that will guide how you’ll execute your project plan and how you’ll control risks and any issues that might occur. These documents, which are part of the project management plan, cover all the details of your project without exception.

There are project plan templates out there that can help you organize your tasks and begin the project planning process—but we here at ProjectManager recommend the use of project planning software. The feature set is far more robust and integrated with every project phase compared to an Excel project plan template, and is a great way to ensure your actual progress stays aligned with your planned progress.

Once you write a project plan, it’s time for implementation . Watch the video below to see how project planning software helps organize a project’s tasks, resources and costs.

Project planning tools has become an invaluable tool for project managers in recent years, as it provides them the ability to maintain and automate the components we outlined above. Project planning software is a great tool to facilitate project management processes such as schedule development, team management, cost estimation, resource allocation and risk monitoring.

Beyond that, planning software also allows managers to monitor and track their plan as it moves through the execution phase of the project. These features include dashboards, for a high-level view of the project’s progress and performance, and in-depth reports that can be used to communicate with stakeholders.

Project planning software comes in all different sizes and shapes. There are some that focus on a single aspect, and others that offer a suite of planning features that can be used in each one of the project planning steps. What’s right for your project depends on your specific needs, but in general terms, project planning software is a much more powerful tool than project planning templates .

Related: 20 Must-Have Project Management Excel Templates

Online project planning software is highly flexible and adaptable to your team’s style of work. It has features that are designed to assist you throughout your project planning process.

Before the rise of planning software, project managers would typically have to keep up with a disjointed collection of documents, excel spreadsheets and so on. Savvy managers, however, make use of the project management tools available to them to automate what they can, and streamline what they can’t.

Some of the time-saving benefits of project planning software include the following.

• Organize, prioritize and assign tasks
• Plan and schedule milestones and task dependencies
• Monitor progress, costs and resources
• Collaborate with team
• Share project plans with team and stakeholders
• Generate reports on plans

Gantt Charts for Superior Planning

A Gantt chart is the most essential tool for the project planning process. Organize tasks, add their duration and they automatically populate a project timeline . Set milestones to break the larger project into manageable phases, and link task dependencies to avoid bottlenecks later in the project.

Get More Than a To-Do List

When planning a project, you need more than a to-do list. Seek out a planning software with a task list feature that lets you set priority levels, filters and collaborate. It’s a big plus if you can also make personal task lists that are private to manage your own work.

Use Kanban for Workflows

Workflows ensure proper execution of your plan, and no feature does this better than kanban boards. Customize boards to match your workflow and drag and drop cards as teams get their work done. See what work needs to be done and keep the focus on productivity with this feature.

Be Able to Track Progress

A dashboard can keep your project plan on track. Try and find a dashboard that’s synced with your planning tools, so everything updates automatically. It will make reporting easier too.

Get Transparency Into Teams

For a plan to go smoothly, you have to know what your team is working on. Find a way to balance your team’s availability with the project schedule. Workload features that map out resource allocation and holidays can be a big help here.

Be Able to Manage Multiple Projects

Rarely do you need to only focus on one project at a time. Give yourself the flexibility to manage multiple projects at once in the same tool. A roadmap feature that maps all of your projects on one timeline can be a lifesaver.

Before we dive into how to create a project plan, it helps to be familiar with some of the terms that you’ll run across. Here is a list of general terms you’ll encounter in this guide.

• Deliverable: The results of a project, such as a product, service, report, etc.
• Stakeholder: Anyone with a vested interest in the project—project manager, project sponsor, team members, customers, etc.
• Tasks: Small jobs that lead to the final deliverable.
• Milestone: The end of one project phase, and the beginning of the next.
• Resources: Anything you need to complete the project, such as personnel, supplies, materials, tools, people and more.
• Budget: Estimate of total cost related to completing a project.
• Tracking & Monitoring: Collecting project data, and making sure it reflects the results you planned for.

The project planning process is critical for the success of your project, and as a project manager, you have to think about all the elements that make up your project management plan such as work, time, resources and risks.

Now, we’re going to take you through the main project planning steps :

• Outline the business case
• Meet with key stakeholders
• Define project scope
• Assemble a project team
• Determine a project budget
• Set project goals & objectives
• Outline project deliverables
• Create a project schedule
• Assign tasks to your team members
• Do a risk analysis
• Create your project plan
• Report your progress

By following these project planning steps, you’ll clarify what you need to achieve, work out the processes you need to get there and develop an action plan for how you are going to take this project plan outline forward.

1. Outline the Business Case

If you have a project, there’s a reason for it—that’s your business case . The business case outlines reasons why the project is being initiated, its benefits and the return on investment. If there’s a problem that is being solved, then that problem is outlined here. The business case will be presented to those who make decisions at your organization, explaining what has to be done, and how, along with a feasibility study to assess the practicality of the project. If approved, you have a project.

2. Meet with Key Stakeholders

Every project has stakeholders , those who have a vested interest in the project. From the ones who profit from it, to the project team members who are responsible for its success. Therefore, any project manager must identify who these key stakeholders are during the project planning process, from customers to regulators. Meeting with them is crucial to get a better picture of what the project management plan should include and what is expected from the final deliverable.

3. Define Project Scope

It refers to the work required to accomplish the project objectives and generate the required deliverables. The project scope should be defined and organized by a work breakdown structure (WBS). Therefore, the project scope includes what you must do in the project (deliverables, sub deliverables, work packages, action items ), but also what is nonessential. The latter is important for the project plan, because knowing what isn’t high priority helps to avoid scope creep ; that is, using valuable resources for something that isn’t key to your project’s success.

4. Assemble a Project Team

You’ll need a capable project team to help you create your project plan and execute it successfully. It’s advisable to gather a diverse group of experienced professionals to build a multi-disciplinary team that sees your project management plan from different perspectives.

5. Determine a Project Budget

Once you define your project scope, you’ll have a task list that must be completed to deliver your project successfully. To do so, you’ll need resources such as equipment, materials, human capital, and of course, money. Your project budget will pay for all this. The first step to create a project budget is to estimate the costs associated with each task. Once you have those estimated costs, you can establish a cost baseline , which is the base for your project budget.

6. Set Project Goals & Objectives

Goals and objectives are different things when it comes to planning a project. Goals are the results you want to achieve, and are usually broad. Objectives , on the other hand, are more specific; measurable actions that must be taken to reach your goal. When creating a project plan, the goals and objectives naturally spring from the business case, but in this stage, you go into further detail. In a sense, you’re fine-tuning the goals set forth in the business case and creating tasks that are clearly defined. These goals and objectives are collected in a project charter , which you’ll use throughout the project life cycle.

7. Outline Project Deliverables

A project can have numerous deliverables. A deliverable can be a good, service or result that is needed to complete a task, process, phase, subproject or project. For example, the final deliverable is the reason for the project, and once this deliverable is produced, the project is completed. As defined in the project scope, a project consists of subprojects, phases, work packages, activities and tasks, and each of these components can have a deliverable. The first thing to do is determine what the final deliverable is, and how you will know that the quality meets your stakeholder’s expectations. As for the other deliverables in the project, they must also be identified and someone on the team must be accountable for their successful completion.

8. Create a Project Schedule

The project schedule is what everything hangs on. From your tasks to your budget , it’s all defined by time. Schedules are made up by collecting all the tasks needed to reach your final deliverable, and setting them on a project timeline that ends at your deadline. This can make for an unruly job ahead, which is why schedules are broken into phases, indicated by milestones , which mark the end of one project phase and the beginning of the next.

9. Assign Tasks to Your Team Members

The plan is set, but it still exists in the abstract until you take the tasks on your schedule and begin assigning them out to your team members. Their roles and responsibilities must be clearly defined, so they know what to do. Then, when you assign them tasks from your plan, they should be clear, with directions and any related documentation they will need to execute the tasks.

10. Do a Risk Analysis

Every project has some level of risk . There are several types of risk such as scope risk, technical risks and schedule risk, among others. Even if your project plan is thorough, internal and external factors can impact your project’s time, cost and scope (triple constraint). Therefore, you need to regard your planning as flexible. There are many ways to prepare for risk, such as developing a change management plan, but for now, the most important thing to do is to track your progress throughout the execution phase by using project status reports and/or project planning software to monitor risk.

11. Create your Project Plan

As discussed above, a project management plan is a document that’s made of several elements. Before we get into a detailed explanation of each of them, it’s important to understand that you should include them all to have a solid project plan. The components that you’ll need might vary depending on your project, but in general terms, you’ll need these main documents to create your project management plan:

• Project charter
• Project schedule
• Project budget
• Project scope statement
• Risk management plan
• Change management plan
• Cost management plan
• Resource management plan
• Stakeholder management plan

12. Report Your Progress

Your ultimate goal is to ensure a successful project for your stakeholders. They’re invested, and will not be satisfied twiddling their thumbs without looking at project status reports to track progress. By constructing a work breakdown structure (WBS) during the project planning phase you can break down the project for them so that they understand how your project plan will be executed. Keeping stakeholders informed is important to manage their expectations and ensure that they’re satisfied. Having regular planning meetings where you present progress reports are a great way to show them that everything is moving forward as planned and to field any questions or concerns they might have. Your stakeholder management plan will specify how you’ll engage stakeholders in the project.

Project planning software is a tool that helps to plan, organize and manage the schedule and resources needed to complete a project. ProjectManager is an award-winning project management software that organizes projects from planning to completion. Sign up for a free 30-day trial and follow along to build a thorough project plan that covers every detail.

1. List Your Tasks for the Plan

Tasks are the building blocks of any project and the start of any plan is identifying all the tasks that lead to your final deliverable.

Open the tool to add your tasks on the Gantt chart or one of the other multiple project views. You can import a task list from any spreadsheet or use one of our templates to get started.

2. Add Duration and Costs to Tasks

Every task has an estimated duration, which is the time it will take to complete it. They will also require a certain amount of funding, which needs to be collected to formulate your plan.

Add the start and end dates for each task in the Gantt and they populate a project timeline, so you can see the whole project laid out in one place. There’s also a column for task costs.

3. Link Dependent Tasks

Tasks are not always separate from one another. Often one cannot start or stop until another has started or stopped. That’s called a task dependency and needs to be noted in your plan.

Link dependent tasks by dragging one to the other. A dotted line indicates that they’re linked, so you stay aware of the fact and can avoid bottlenecks later in the project.

4. Set Milestones & Baseline

A milestone indicates the end of one phase and the beginning of another, which helps with tracking and morale. The baseline sets your plan so you can compare it to actual progress.

There is a filter on the Gantt that automatically sets the baseline, so you can use it to track your actual progress against the plan. The baseline can also be locked with a click.

5. Onboard Team & Assign

Getting the team and the tool together is how a project plan becomes actualized. The easier and seamless this transition, the faster you’ll get to work on the project.

Invite your team from the software and it generates an email with a link. Once they follow that link, they’re in and have access to the tools they need to manage their tasks.

6. Monitor Progress & Report to Stakeholders

Keeping track of your progress and then updating stakeholders is both how you stay on track and manage your stakeholders’ expectations.

See progress as it happens on our real-time dashboard, which calculates data and displays it over six project metrics. Reports can be filtered and shared for a deep dive into those numbers.

7. Adjust Plan As Needed

No plan remains the same throughout a project. Things happen and changes are demanded. Therefore, being able to edit your plan easily is key to the project planning process.

Edit your plan on the Gantt by a simple drag and drop. Move the old date to the new date and not only is that task fixed, but any impacted tasks are also updated automatically.

ProjectManager is an award-winning software that helps managers plan and helps teams get organized. Gantt charts control all aspects of your project plan from scheduling to assigning tasks and even monitoring progress. Multiple project views provide transparency into workflow and give everyone the tools they need to be at their best.

Ready to make your plan? Try ProjectManager today with this free 30-day trial.

The project manager is responsible for producing the project plan, and while you can’t make up all the content yourself, you’ll be the one banging the keys to type it all out. Use templates where you can to save time. Download our free project plan template and write your plan in double-quick time!

The purpose of a project management plan is to serve as a guide for the execution and control phases. The project plan provides all the information necessary for the execution phase such as the project’s goals, objectives, scope of work, milestones, risks and resources. Then, this information helps project managers monitor and control the progress of the project.

We plan at the beginning to save time later. A good project plan means that you don’t have to worry about whether the project participants are going to be available on the right dates—because you’ve planned for them to be. You don’t have to worry about how to pay those invoices—you’ve planned your financial process. You don’t have to worry about whether everyone agrees on what a quality outcome looks like—you’ve already planned what quality measures you are going to use.

A good project plan sets out the processes that everyone is expected to follow, so it avoids a lot of headaches later. For example, if you specify that estimates are going to be worked out by subject matter experts based on their judgement, and that’s approved, later no one can complain that they wanted you to use a different estimating technique. They’ve known the deal since the start.

Project plans are also really helpful for monitoring progress. You can go back to them and check what you said you were going to do and how, comparing it to what you are actually doing. This gives you a good reality check and enables you to change course if you need to, bringing the project back on track.

Tools like dashboards can help you make sure that your project is proceeding according to plan. ProjectManager has a real-time dashboard that updates automatically whenever tasks are updated.

The project planning process already discussed only scratches the surface of what is a deep well of practices created to control your project. They start with dialogue — speaking to stakeholders, teams, et al.

The deliverable for your planning phase is a document called the project plan. A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) – Fifth Edition says that the project plan is made up of lots of subsidiary plans. These include:

• A project scope statement to define all the tasks and deliverables that are needed to complete the project
• A risk management plan for dealing with project risk including the processes for logging and tracking risks
• A change management plan to manage any changes that will be made to the project plan
• A cost management plan for managing costs and the budgeting elements of the project including any procurements or supplier engagements you might have
• A resource management plan for managing the material resources such as equipment and the human resources on the team both in terms of availability and skills
• A stakeholder management plan setting out who is going to receive messages about the project, when and in what format
• A quality plan that specifies the quality targets for the project

That’s a lot of documentation.

In reality, it’s rare that you’ll produce these as individual documents. What you need is a project plan that talks about the important elements of each of these. There’s no point creating a big document that sets out exactly how your business works anyway. If you already have a structured risk management process , then don’t waste time writing it all down again in your project plan.

Your project management plan needs to include enough information to make sure that you know exactly what processes and procedures need to be followed and who needs to be involved. Get your project plan approved by your stakeholders, your project sponsor and your team so there are no surprises later. As explained above, project planning charts and techniques such as Gantt charts, CPM, WBS or PERT can help you create your project plan.

This is hard to answer. It’s going to take longer to plan the moon landing than a new dating app.

The best way to estimate how long your project planning phase will take is to look at similar projects that have happened before, and see how long it took them to plan. Talk to the project manager as well, if you can, because they’ll have a view on whether that length of time was enough or not!

It’s easy to see how long other projects took if you have a project management tool that archives your old project schedules and makes the data available to everyone who needs it. You can then search for similar projects and study their schedules in detail.

A project plan is all about working out what to do and how to do it, so you need to get a lot of people involved. There are several good tools and project planning techniques for getting information from other people including:

• One-to-one meetings or interviews
• Surveys or customer focus groups to gather and validate requirements.

You should also arm yourself with a task management tool , like a list or a kanban board. They are incredibly useful for noting down important things that should be in your project plan. Kanban board software can help structure your plan by writing down the key headings and then moving them around as required until you have a flow that looks right.

Finally, you’ll need an online project management system to store your project management plan in. Make sure that everyone in the team can access the latest version of the project plan.

Your project plan is not a document written in stone. You should be referring back to it and making changes to it as often as you need to. Parts of it, like your project schedule, will change almost daily. Other parts, like your procurement plans and cost management processes, won’t change at all during the life of your project.

The important thing to remember is that if your project management plan isn’t working for you, think about what you can do to change it. It’s there to guide your project management, not restrict you from doing the right thing. If you need to review how you manage work and project resources, then go back and review it. Make the changes you need, get the plan approved again and share it with the team.

How To Make a Project Plan When You Don’t Have All the Answers

Yes, this happens–most of the time! It’s rare to have all the information at the beginning of a project. Most managers want you to dive in and get started, but you might not have the luxury of knowing all the details.

That’s OK; we have techniques to help deal with uncertainty.

First is the project assumption. You use these to put caveats on your plan and to document the things that you assume to be true at this point in time. For example:

• We assume that the resources will be available.
• We assume that the required funding is available.
• We assume that the colors requested will be in line with the company brand and that Marketing sign off is not required.

You get the picture. Then, if the design team comes back and says that they want the product to be a totally new palette of colors and that Marketing has to approve that, you are justified in saying that you’ll have to change the timescales on the schedule to make that possible.

You planned based on an assumption (that everyone agreed to, because you got the document approved) and that assumption turned out not to be true.

Next Steps for Project Planning

The most important thing to remember is that you shouldn’t rush the project planning process. Done properly, project planning takes time. And it’s worth doing it properly because if you don’t, we guarantee that you will hit problems later on as people won’t understand what they are supposed to do and why.

Great planning sets you up for success. It gives you the confidence of knowing that you’ve got all your processes, tools and systems in place to deliver the perfect result.

Now that you’ve learned all about project planning, it’s time to take action. Sign up for a free 30-day trial of ProjectManager and start planning your project today!

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Project Planning Resources

• Best Project Planner Tools: Apps, Software & Templates
• Best Project Planning Software of 2024 (Free & Paid)
• 25 of the Best Planning Quotes
• 3 Best Planner Apps for Mac in 2024
• 3 Best Project Management Charts for Project Planning
• Project Management Trends
• How to Create a Project Roadmap (Example Included)
• What Is Aggregate Planning? Strategies & Tips
• What Is Rolling Wave Planning?
• How to Create a Project Execution Plan (PEP) – Free Template Included
• Sample Project Plan For Your Next Project
• Operational Planning: How to Make an Operations Plan
• Project Planning Software
• Gantt Chart Software
• Project Scheduling Software
• Work Breakdown Structure Software
• Project Timeline Software
• Resource Planning Software
• Free Project Planning Templates
• Free Project Management Templates
• Project Proposal Template
• Project Charter Template
• Project Timeline Template
• Implementation Plan Template
• Work Plan Template
• Action Plan Template

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Project Management Assignment Topics

Table of Contents

Who is Studying Project Management?

Project management topics for presentation, software project management projects topics, project management topics for discussion, project management dissertation topics, project management mentoring topics, advanced project management topics, project management topics for health care, topics in risk management project management, project management topics for mba, women in project management topics, how to choose the right topic.

Project management is the process of planning, organizing, and controlling resources to achieve specific goals. It is also the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to ensure that the objectives of the project are met within time constraints and with a minimum expenditure of resources.

In simple terms, project management is all about managing change in an organized way so that you can reach your goals successfully.

Students studying Project management are a diverse group. There is a wide range of ages, interests, and backgrounds among students in this field.

However, there are some commonalities that apply to most students studying project management. For example, most students studying project management have an interest in the field and a desire to work in it after graduating from college. They also have a strong interest in learning about how projects are managed and organized from start to finish. Many students studying project management also enjoy working with others on group projects and enjoy collaborating with others on projects to solve problems.

Project management is an important subject in any business because it is vital to the success of any organization. Project managers are responsible for all aspects of a project, from its conception and planning to its execution and completion. They are responsible for ensuring that the project is delivered on time and within budget.

Projects are often given to external agencies or people who may not have any experience in managing large-scale initiatives, so it is very important that these individuals understand how to manage a project effectively. If you want to become a project manager, this course will give you an excellent grounding in all aspects of the role, including risk management and stakeholder management. You will also learn how to manage complex projects that involve multiple stakeholders from different departments within an organization.

• Project Management And Innovation
• How To Increase Productivity In A Team?
• How To Be More Efficient With Your Time?
• How To Make Sure That You’re Meeting Deadlines On Time?
• How To Use The Right Tools For The Job?
• What Makes An Effective Project Manager?
• Tips For Staying Motivated At Work
• How To Use Project Management Software?
• Project Management Best Practices
• Tips For Successful Project Management
• The Impact Of Project Management On The Overall Business
• Project Management And Its Role In Other Projects
• Project Management Success Stories In Business And Government
• What Makes A Good Project Manager?
• How Do You Know If You’re A Good Project Manager?
• Project Management Vs. Business Management
• Different Types Of Projects
• How To Use A Project Plan?
• Project Management Methods And Tools
• The Role Of The Sponsor In Projects
• The Role Of The Customer In Projects
• The Role Of The Team Members In Projects
• Project Management Certifications And Qualifications
• Project Management Basics
• Project Management Roles And Responsibilities
• Project Costs And Budgeting
• Project Scheduling
• The Importance Of Communication In Project Management
• Different Approaches To Software Project Management
• Management Interview Questions And Answers
• Project Management Overview, Definitions, Terminology
• Software Project Manager Resume/CV/Bio Examples
• Software Project Cost Estimation And Scheduling Techniques
• Project Management Metrics, KPI, Kpis, Okrs
• Cost And Schedule Risk Management Techniques
• Project Scope And Stakeholder Communication
• How To Use A Project Management Software?
• Enabling Rapid Scaling And Instant Deployment
• User, Resource, And Dashboard Monitoring
• Monitoring Services And Processes
• Quick Resolution For Service Disruptions
• Low Resource-Utilization Levels
• Quick Recovery From Critical Issues
• Enforcement Of Compliance With Slas
• Highly Responsive During Peak Usage Periods
• Utilize Teamwork To Create Better Software Products
• Implement Formal Change And Problem Management Processes
• What Are The Elements Of A Good Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC) Implementation?
• How Does The SDLC Relate To The Agile Manifesto?
• What Are The Best Ways To Manage Risk In Software Development Projects?
• What Are Some Examples Of Tools That Can Help With Risk Management In Software Development Projects?
• Benefits Of Using A Project Management Software
• Project Resource Allocation
• Risk Management And Issue Tracking
• How Does The Project Management Process Work?
• What Is A Good Project Manager?
• What Is The Difference Between A Project Manager And An Operations Manager?
• What Are The Different Types Of Projects That Are Managed Using Project Management Techniques?
• What Is The Difference Between A Budget And A Forecast? How Do You Decide If You Need To Make Cuts Or Add More Resources?
• How Do You Manage Communication In Your Organization? Is There A Formal System, Or Do You Just Let People Figure Out How To Communicate With Each Other?
• What Tools Do You Use For Project Management, And How Much Time Do They Save? If You’re Using Something New, How Has It Improved Your Process?
• What Are The Different Types Of Projects?
• How Do You Define A Project?
• How Do You Plan A Project?
• What Are The Phases Of Project Management?
• The Role Of A Project Manager In The Organization
• The Importance Of Assigning Roles And Responsibilities To Team Members
• How To Manage Stakeholder Expectations And Keep Them Updated On Progress Throughout The Project Lifecycle?
• How Do You Determine The Size Of A Project?
• What Are Some Best Practices For Communicating With Your Team?
• How Should You Manage Client Expectations?
• What Is An Issue Log, And How Can It Help You Manage Your Projects More Effectively?
• When Do You Need To Plan The Project?
• What Are Some Common Mistakes That People Make When Planning A Project?
• How Do You Determine Which Resources Should Be Assigned To A Project?
• How Do You Measure Progress Against The Plan For Your Project?
• What Are The Most Important Things To Consider When Managing A Project?
• What Are Some Of The Common Mistakes Made By New Project Managers?
• How Can You Optimize Your Team’s Productivity On A Project?
• What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Project Management?
• Why Do Businesses Need Project Managers?
• How To Manage Scope, Time, Cost And Quality?
• What Are The Different Roles In Project Management?
• How Can You Use Technology To Help You Manage Your Projects?
• Comparing The Effectiveness Of Different Project Management Approaches Used By Organizations
• Investigating The Gap Between Project Management Strategies Used By Organizations And Their Actual Implementation
• Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Various Tools Used By Organizations To Manage Their Projects
• Identifying The Challenges Faced By Organizations In Managing Their Project Portfolios
• Identifying The Organizational Factors That Influence The Success Or Failure Of Projects
• Project Management And The Social Impact Of Technology
• The Effect Of Project Management Tools On The Team’s Performance
• How To Improve The Effectiveness Of Project Management In Your Company?
• How To Reduce The Risk Of Failure In Projects?
• The Role Of Project Management In Improving Productivity At Work
• The Impact Of Project Management On Organizational Culture And Performance.
• The Effect Of Project Management On Customer Satisfaction
• The Impact Of Project Management On Organizational Performance
• The Relationship Between Project Management And Human Resource Management
• Project Management And Organizational Culture
• Project Management In Government Organizations
• Project Management For Start-Ups
• What Are Some Strategies That Organizations Can Use When Implementing Projects?
• The Nature Of The Relationship Between Strategic And Operational Project Management In Organizations
• How Has Technology Changed The Way We Approach Project Management?
• The Influence Of Leadership Style On Project Management
• The Relationship Between Risk Management, Change Management, And Project Management
• The Impact Of Globalization On Project Management
• The Effect Of Project Budget On Project Management
• How Does The Project Management Body Of Knowledge Differ From Other Project Management Methodologies?
• Is There A Difference In How Projects Are Managed In Different Organizations? If So, What Is It?
• How Do You Manage Multiple Projects Simultaneously When They Have Dependencies On Each Other?
• What Is The Difference Between Schedule-Driven And Cost-Driven Projects?
• How To Avoid Scope Creep?
• How To Handle A Project That Has Been Going On For Too Long And Needs To Be Re-Prioritized?
• How To Create A Timeline And Schedule For A Large Project?
• How To Identify And Resolve Conflict Within A Team?
• How To Prioritize Projects And Make Sure That The Most Important Ones Are Completed First?
• How To Identify If A Project Needs To Be Canceled Or Postponed?
• How To Keep Track Of All Projects And Make Sure That Nothing Falls Through The Cracks?
• How To Make Sure That A Project Is Done On Time And Under Budget?
• How To Manage Projects Like A Boss?
• Understanding The Importance Of Project Management
• How To Handle Disputes?
• Business Communication Tips
• How To Manage Projects That Have A Large Number Of Stakeholders (I.E., Multiple Departments Or Teams)?
• The Best Way To Introduce A New Project Management Methodology Into An Organization
• How To Manage Projects That Have Strict Deadlines And Limited Resources (I.E., Time And Budget Constraints)?
• How To Handle Situations When Employees Are Not Working As Hard As They Could Be On A Project?
• How To Handle Difficult Personalities On A Project?
• Mentor Vs. Coaching Vs. Training

Find the writer according to your requirements

• AssignmentBro is a team of experienced writers in any field of academic research
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• Agile Project Management
• Earned Value Management (EVM)
• Project Portfolio Management (PPM)
• Portfolio Risk Management (PRM)
• The Influence Of Data-Driven Decision Making In Project Management
• The Benefits Of Gantt Charts
• Managing Emergencies, And When They Occur
• The Importance Of Communication In Project Management, And How To Improve Your Communication Skills
• How To Make Sure That You Have The Right Resources For Your Projects
• Using Data To Make Informed Decisions About Your Projects
• How To Use Technology To Improve Your Workflow?
• How To Establish Processes That Will Make Your Team More Productive?
• How To Set Up A Team Structure That Will Work Well For Your Projects?
• Project Life Cycle And Project Management Process
• Program Evaluation And Review Technique (PERT)
• How To Plan A Project When You Don’t Have The Resources Or Skills To Do So?
• Strategies For Managing Projects With Multiple Teams, Or Teams With Different Specialties
• Quality Management System (QMS)
• Productivity And Measuring Productivity Within Projects
• Innovative Solutions For The Future That Require New Technology Or Processes
• Projects That Involve International Collaborations Between Different Companies Or Countries
• Projects That Involve Large Numbers Of People Or Resources In Multiple Locations Or Countries
• Baby Boomers And Disease Management
• Using Project Management To Increase Patient Safety
• Using Project Management In Healthcare IT Infrastructure Development
• The Importance Of A Project Manager In Health Care
• The Challenges Of Developing A Home Care Package
• Can We Afford Not To Manage Healthcare Project Risks And Issues?
• Personnel Risks Management For Medical Facilities In Hospitals
• The Creation, Development, And Implementation Of Healthcare Projects
• The Monitoring Of All Aspects Of A Project, Including Finances, Communications And Documentation
• Why Are Healthcare Delivery Systems Complex?
• What Is The Purpose Of Project Management In Health Care?
• How To Ensure Project Success In Health Care?
• Importance Of Communication When Managing Projects In Health Care
• Risk Identification And Analysis
• How Does Risk Management Help Your Project?
• What Are The Best Practices For Managing Risks?
• What Are The Different Types Of Risks In A Project?
• How Do You Determine Whether A Risk Is High Or Low?
• Integrated Risk Management (IRM) Approach To Project Management
• Risk Categorization And Prioritization
• Risks Arising From Contracts, Procurement And Supplier Arrangements
• Risks Arising From Human Factors
• Contractual And Financial Risk Management
• Risk Communication And Reporting
• Risks Associated With Project Changes, Including Change Control Procedures, Change Impact Analysis And Change Review Boards (Crbs)
• How Do You Write A Risk Statement?
• What Should Be Included In Your Risk Action Plan (RAP)?
• Risks Associated With The Organization And Environment
• Risks Associated With Cost, Schedule, And Performance Expectations
• The Importance Of Teamwork On Projects
• How To Manage Change During Projects?
• How To Lead Teams Effectively During Projects?
• How To Support Your Project Manager With Their Workload?
• What Makes A Good Project Manager? What Makes A Bad One? And What Should You Look For In An Employee?
• How Does Project Management Differ From Other Types Of Management? Is It More Difficult Than Other Forms? What Makes It So Challenging? Do You Need Specific Skills Or Qualifications To Be Successful
• The Impact Of IT On Project Management
• The Role Of Leadership And Motivation In Project Management
• Project Management: Information Technology Applications In Projects
• Project Management: Global Issues, Trends And Challenges
• Procurement Management In Projects
• Project Management In International Business
• A Review And Assessment Of Educational Programs In The Field Of Project Management
• Project Planning & Scheduling Techniques
• Risk Analysis & Management (Risk Management)
• Quality Assurance & Quality Control (QA/QC)
• Project Communications Management: Communication Is Key When It Comes To Completing Projects
• Women In Project Management: A Comprehensive Review Of Studies
• Women In Project Management: Gender Bias And Its Impact On Performance
• Women In Project Management: Barriers To Leadership Development
• Women In Project Management: Dispelling The Myths About Them
• Top Women In Project Management
• Women In Project Management: An International Comparison
• The Effect Of Women On Project Teams
• The Impact Of Gender Stereotypes On Project Teams
• Gender And Cultural Diversity In Project Management
• Women In Leadership Roles In Developing Countries
• The Impact Of Gender On Leadership Styles In Project Management
• How To Encourage Women To Pursue Careers In Project Management?
• Why Should Women Consider Pursuing Careers In Project Management?
• What Are Some Good Reasons For Encouraging More Women To Pursue Careers In Project Management?
• Benefits Of Hiring Women For Project Manager Positions

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• Jul 14, 2022

How to Answer “Describe a Project You Worked On” (Examples)

Worried this question will come up in your interview? We’ve got you covered!

Megan O'Neil

HR and Career Writer

Reviewed by Chris Leitch

One of the most common interview formats is the competency-based interview, which involves enquiring candidates about past experiences. As many professional roles require some degree of project management experience, it’s a good idea to prepare for commonly asked competency-based interview questions — like “Describe a project you have worked on”.

To help you out, we’ve put together this handy guide, which walks you through the process of crafting an effective response, what hiring managers hope to glean from your answer, plus useful examples for inspiration.

Let’s get started.

Why hiring managers ask this question

Even if you’re not applying for a project management position, a wide variety of other roles also require skills in project management. However, hiring managers don’t only ask this question to assess your ability to manage projects, but also to learn about your general working style .

Through describing a project that you’ve worked on in the past, you’re also revealing how well you work with others , how you respond to challenges, and whether you’re organized and can meet deadlines.

Steps to crafting a response

As “describe a project you have worked on” is such a common interview question, it’s a good idea to ensure you’re ready and prepared to respond effectively. Below are five steps to crafting the perfect response.

1. Prepare ahead of time

When you’re in the hot seat during an interview, it can be challenging to recall the details of past experiences and tell a concise and compelling story. So, this is why it’s best practice to prepare for interview questions in advance. Prior to the interview, think back in detail on previous projects you had worked on, and write down key information and points you want to address in your response.

2. Use the STAR method

The most effective way to answer competency-based interview questions is through the STAR method . This interview technique involves responding to the question with a structure comprised of four elements: Situation, Task, Action and Result.

When answering this question, begin by describing the situation, such as the scope and objectives of the project. Then, describe your specific task in the project. Next, you’ll share what action you took that made an impact. Finally, you’ll share the result of the project, which was achieved by your action.

3. Stay positive

When you get asked during an interview about your project management skills, the interviewers aren’t only assessing your technical skills, but also your attitude. So, even if you worked on a project with difficult coworkers who didn’t pull their weight, it’s best to keep a positive attitude and focus on your strengths and ability to learn from challenges and mistakes. After all, an interview is not the place to air grievances about former employers or coworkers.

4. Be concise

One of the fastest ways to lose the attention of your interviewers is to ramble. So, if you want to keep your interviewers engaged, ensure your response is concise and to the point. If the project you worked on was complicated, try to think of a way to remove any information that isn’t necessary. Since the ideal length of your response should be 2–3 minutes long, it’s a good idea to practice your response in advance while timing yourself.

5. Quantify your success

One of the most effective ways to make your response more impactful and memorable is to quantify your success. As opposed to just stating the project you worked on was successful, provide specific stats or figures. For example, you could say: “The project led to a 15% reduction in client churn”. This will paint a clearer picture in the interviewers’ minds and, ultimately, make for a more compelling response.

Example answers

Want some inspiration? Check out these example answers to guide you in preparing your own response:

Sales development representative

While I was working as a sales development representative in my last role, we were in the process of launching a new product. During this time, my manager approached me and three of my colleagues and asked us to work on a project researching prospective clients that we could target for the new product.

My role in this project was to determine the outreach strategy we would use to approach these prospects. In order to accomplish this, I collaborated closely with the product development team to better understand how the product could add value to prospective clients. I then created several email templates and outreaches tailored to the new product and shared them with my team.

My manager and team implemented the strategy, and it led to a 15% increase in new business during that quarter. Shortly after, I was promoted to senior sales development representative.

Office manager

While I was working in my last job as office manager , my company relocated to a new office space. As I was responsible for all office logistics, I was also responsible for managing the relocation. In order to ensure the move went as smoothly and efficiently as possible, I started planning two months in advance.

The first step was creating a plan to make sure all boxes were ticked. I planned out the employee communications regarding the move, the logistics, and the finances. Since we would have to close the office for two days, I also collaborated closely with the department heads to ensure that the planned dates of the move would not impact any crucial business functions.

Following the move, I was formally recognized with the quarterly Star Performer award for my role in smoothly facilitating the relocation.

Marketing coordinator

In my last role as marketing coordinator, I was responsible for managing a lead-generating webinar. My tasks in this project included recruiting internal speakers, creating the slide deck, managing the promotion, and setting up the webinar broadcasting technology.

In order to stay organized , I used an Excel spreadsheet with a list of the tasks and their respective deadlines. I used my advanced Excel skills to set the deadlines to automatically turn red when they were getting close. This way, I didn’t miss any important tasks.

The webinar was a success, with the attendance rate being 30% higher than initially expected. Due to this outcome, my team decided to begin broadcasting two webinars per quarter, for which I was responsible for project managing.

Key takeaways

When you’re in an interview and asked to describe a project that you worked on, this is a great opportunity to display your competencies for the role. When responding it’s important to remember to:

• Prepare your response in advance, as it may be challenging to think of past experiences on the spot during the interview.
• Use the STAR technique to strengthen your response. It can be effective in ensuring you stay organized and concise.
• Keep your answer positive. Even if the project included difficult coworkers, it’s best to not speak poorly about others and instead highlight your resiliency to challenges.
• Respond concisely by keeping your answer between 2 and 3 minutes in length.
• Utilize stats and figures to quantify your success so that your response is more memorable and relatable to the interviewers.

By following the above steps, you can ensure you’re prepared to nail this interview question — and wow your prospective employer.

Got a question about crafting a response for “describe a project you have worked on” or want to share your own tips? Let us know in the comments section below.

Originally published on June 21, 2014.

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What Is Project Management? Definitions, Examples & More

Updated: May 29, 2024, 3:58pm

The goal of project management is to help a team achieve a goal or solve a problem with a set deadline. The project manager owns responsibility for the team hitting its deadline and meeting the goal. But what is project management exactly, and how does it work? Here’s a primer on everything you need to know to get your projects on track.

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Related: Best Project Management Software

What Is Project Management?

Project management uses processes, skills, tools and knowledge to complete a planned project and achieve its goals. It differs from general management because of the limited scope of a project, concrete deadlines and specific deliverables.

A project exists temporarily and must balance the involved team members’ time and usually the organization’s limited financial resources—a daunting task but one that can be accomplished in a few deliberate steps that utilize special methods and tools.

Steps of Project Management

Project management begins when a manager or team initiates a project. The five steps of project management include:

• The initiation phase. The project manager will assign—or ask for team members to volunteer—to complete specific tasks.
• The planning phase. The team agrees on a schedule with the client or among themselves for the project. The team may also create a communication schedule with key stakeholders, determine the project’s standards and set a budget during this phase.
• The execution phase. This phase is where the work gets done. Employees may work independently or as a team on tasks that were determined during the previous phases.
• The monitoring phase. The project manager monitors each person or team’s progress along the way to ensure the project is on track to meet the overall deadline and achieve its goals. This phase often happens simultaneous to the execution phase.
• The closing phase. Finally, the project manager ensures the team completed the project to the agreed-upon standards and communicates that the team completed the project.

Project Management Tools and Techniques

Even though every project has its own goals and challenges, team members can utilize similar project management tools and techniques to complete their various deliverables.

For example, a deliberate communication plan can serve as one of the most valuable tools in a project manager’s toolkit. A strong project manager communicates with all stakeholders and facilitates strong communication among team members working on the project.

And during the monitoring and execution phase, well-organized project managers may also rely on software to keep themselves and their team on track.

One software program won’t meet all your needs for every project but programs like Trello , Asana or Airtable will help your team members track their and each other’s progress. The software also makes it clear who owns responsibility for which task.

In addition, project managers may use traditional tools such as the Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT) and Gantt charts to guide their teams’ work. PERT helps define the project’s scope and helps monitor the tasks that the team needs to complete. Gantt charts show the timeline and calendar view of when assignments are due. Many project management software applications now do this digitally.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are the different types of project management methods, and which one is right for me.

There are dozens of project management types , and they all have different benefits and limitations that make them good for some environments, and bad for others.

What are the best project management tools and software?

To determine the best project management software , we ranked several tools based on ease of use, cost to your organization, each company’s customer support, as well as special features.

Wrike was our top choice. It earned the top spot because it works for companies and teams of all sizes. Airbnb, Google and Dell all trust Wrike to aid their project managers. Wrike also allows teams to create custom workflows, set timelines with interactive charts and reporting and build a visual representation that shows the progress of every project in real-time.

Other highly ranked project management tools include Asana, Monday and HighGear.

Who are project managers, and what do they do?

For the best chance at success, every project needs an owner who is responsible for its completion and success. Project managers exist to fill this need, keep a team on task and ensure the project meets the needs of all stakeholders. This designation could be a subset of responsibilities—or an official job title.

A diverse range of industries requires the skills of a talented project manager. You can be a project manager in construction, publishing, finance, professional services, utilities and many other industries. Despite the final result of the projects looking very different across these industries, the steps and skills to keep a team organized fluently translate across the business world.

Why is project management important?

Project management is important in business because it helps you complete projects successfully and hit goals for yourself and your clients.

Coordinating a multifaceted project for which several people owe deliverables, keeping everyone organized and ensuring the output meets expectations—all this while under the stress of a deadline—presents a challenge for even the most experienced project manager.

These challenges become more feasible through project management best practices.

• Best Project Management Software
• Best Construction Project Management Software
• Best Project Portfolio Management Software
• Best Gantt Chart Software
• Best Task Management Software
• Best Free Project Management Software
• Best Enterprise Project Management Software
• Best Kanban Software
• Best Scrum Software
• Asana Review
• Trello Review
• monday.com Review
• Smartsheet Review
• Wrike Review
• Todoist Review
• Basecamp Review
• Confluence Review
• Airtable Review
• ClickUp Review
• Monday vs. Asana
• Clickup vs. Asana
• Asana vs. Trello
• Asana vs. Jira
• Trello vs. Jira
• Monday vs. Trello
• Clickup vs. Trello
• Asana vs. Wrike
• Project Management Methodologies
• 10 Essential Project Management Skills
• SMART Goals: Ultimate Guide
• What is a Gantt Chart?
• What is a Kanban Board?
• What is a RACI Chart?
• What is Gap Analysis?
• Work Breakdown Structure Guide
• Agile vs. Waterfall Methodology
• What is a Stakeholder Analysis
• What Is An OKR?

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Meredith Galante is a full-time freelance writer living in New York City. She's been covering small businesses, the wine and spirits industry, and more for the last 10 years. Meredith graduated from the SI Newhouse School of Public Communications at Syracuse University with a degree in magazine journalism and political science.

Adam Hardy is a former assistant editor at Forbes Advisor, where he covered small business and tech. Previously, he was a staff writer at The Penny Hoarder, specializing in the gig economy and entrepreneurship. His work has appeared in the Asia Times, Business Insider, Creative Loafing, the Tampa Bay Times, Yahoo! Finance and other publications.

Project Assignment

What is a project assignment.

A project assignment is a set of tasks or responsibilities given to an intern, focusing on a specific outcome or goal. It serves multiple purposes, from assessing an intern's abilities to providing them with hands-on experience in real-world scenarios.

Why are Project Assignments Important for Interns?

Skill development.

Tackling a project helps interns apply their academic knowledge, enhancing and refining their skills in the process.

Real-world Exposure

It's a glimpse into the practical challenges a company faces, offering interns a chance to understand industry workings intimately.

Undertaking a project often requires liaising with multiple departments, helping interns establish valuable connections.

Feedback Opportunity

Post-project reviews allow interns to receive constructive feedback, which is instrumental in their growth journey.

Types of Project Assignments in Internships:

Research-Based: Interns might be tasked with market research, competitor analysis, or studying the latest industry trends.

Development Projects: Especially common in tech roles, interns may have to develop a software module, design a website, or test applications.

Strategic Planning: Drafting marketing strategies, business expansion plans, or product launches can also fall under an intern's purview.

Operational Tasks: Assignments might involve streamlining a process, logistics planning, or resource management.

Tips for Successfully Navigating Project Assignments:

Understand the Brief: Before plunging into the task, ensure you have a comprehensive understanding of the project's objectives and expected outcomes.

Manage Time: Efficiently segment your project into manageable tasks and allocate specific times to each, ensuring timely completion.

Seek Guidance: Don't hesitate to consult with superiors or colleagues if you hit a roadblock. Remember, it's a learning experience.

Incorporate Feedback: Actively seek feedback during the project's course and be open to making necessary adjustments.

What should I do if the project seems beyond my skillset?

It's normal to feel overwhelmed. Start by breaking down the project into smaller tasks. Discuss any concerns with your supervisor , and they might provide additional training or resources. Remember, the aim is to help you learn and grow.

How can I ensure my project stands out among my peers?

Begin with thorough research, think creatively, and don't shy away from incorporating innovative ideas. Consistent communication with superiors to ensure you're on the right track can also make a significant difference. Lastly, presentation matters – ensure your findings or outcomes are presented coherently and professionally.

A Project Assignment in internships is more than just a task; it's a golden opportunity for growth, learning, and laying down the foundation for a successful career. By approaching these assignments with enthusiasm, curiosity, and diligence, interns can ensure they reap maximum benefits from this pivotal aspect of their internship journey.

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July 31, 2016

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As you probably know, Google Drive is far more than a place to store files online. It also includes a suite of versatile creation tools, many of which perform the same functions as the ones we use in other spaces. These include  Google Docs,  a word processing program that behaves similarly to Microsoft Word,  Google Slides,  a presentation program similar to PowerPoint, and  Google Forms,  a survey-creation tool similar to Survey Monkey.  Although Drive also includes other tools, these three are particularly useful for creating rigorous, academically robust projects. If your school uses Google Classroom or at least gives students access to Google Drive, your students are probably already using these tools to write papers or create slideshow presentations, but there are other projects they could be doing that you may not have thought of.

Below I have listed 16 great ideas for projects using Google Docs, Slides, and Forms.

Annotated Bibliography By the time a student reaches the later years of high school, and certainly by the time she’s gotten to college, it’s likely that she’ll be required to write an annotated bibliography, a list of resources that not only includes the bibliographical information of each source, but also a short paragraph summarizing the resource and reflecting on its usefulness for a given project. Usually an annotated bibliography is required as a part of a larger research paper, but it could stand alone as an assignment that tasks students with seeking out and evaluating sources just for the practice of doing so. And the research tools in Google Docs allow students to locate, read, and cite their sources all in one place. To learn more, see this guide from Cornell University Library on How to Prepare an Annotated Bibliography .

Book Review Instead of a book report, have students write a book review instead. This is certainly not a new idea, but publishing the work electronically allows students to enhance the final product with the book’s cover image, a link to the book’s page on Amazon, and even links to other titles the author has written or articles on related topics. For models and inspiration, elementary and middle school students can read student-written reviews on sites like Spaghetti Book Club . Older or advanced students might work toward more sophisticated, nuanced review styles like book reviews written on Oprah.com .

Collaborative Story Because Google Docs is cloud-based, multiple people can work on a Doc at the same time. So students can work together on a story, a script for a play, or any other kind of group writing project. They can use the comments feature to give each other feedback and make decisions together. And because students can work from any location with an Internet connection, collaboration isn’t restricted to school hours; each group member can work on the project from any location whenever they have time.

Media-Rich Research Paper Any kind of research paper can be given a big boost when done in a Google Doc, because students can insert images, drawings, and links to other relevant resources, like articles and videos. Using the research tools built into Docs, students can research their topics and include in-text citations with footnotes.

Super Simple Blog If you don’t want to mess with actual blogging platforms, but want students to be able to experience writing blog posts that contain images and hyperlinks to other websites, this could be accomplished easily in a single running Google Doc.

Table Being able to organize information visually is an important skill, and students who understand how to build a table in Google Docs will have a skill for presenting all kinds of information in the future. They can be used as a compare and contrast exercise, to display data from an experiment, or even put together a schedule. Yes, you could do these things yourself, print them, and have students fill them out, but why not have students practice creating the tables themselves? 

Choose-Your-Own-Adventure Story Because slides can contain hyperlinks to other slides, students could build a whole story where the reader chooses different options at key points in the story, leading them down completely different paths. The reader would consume the content as a slideshow, clicking on the links themselves as they go through. This could be a pretty massive undertaking, but we all know students who would be totally up for the challenge.

E-book These could take a variety of forms: mini-textbooks, children’s books, cookbooks or how-to manuals, personal art or writing portfolios, even yearbook-style memory books. To learn more about the possibilities, see my post from earlier this year on  Student E-Books .

Magazine Along the same lines as an e-book, students could use a similar template to create a PDF magazine or newsletter that is shared online on a regular schedule. The possibilities here are endless, useful for student clubs or sports teams, classroom or grade-level newsletters, or magazines put out by groups of students who share a common interest, like gaming systems, soccer, or books.

Museum Kiosk Imagine if we could enhance science fair projects with a looping video display that provides the audience with vivid visuals and text about our topic. Or imagine an art show, where a self-running informational slideshow could be placed beside an art display to share the story behind the piece and photos of the work in progress? This is possible and EASY in Google Slides: Simply create a slideshow, then use the “Publish to the Web” feature to create a slideshow that auto-advances and has no need for a presenter. Pop that up on an iPad or laptop and you’re all set. This mock-up of a slideshow on Coral Reefs shows you what it could look like (click the image to open in a new window).

Short Film Students can upload their own images and add text boxes to a slideshow to create an animated story, then record the slideshow with a Google extension called Screencastify . They can either record their own voice as narration, add background music, or both. There are so many different kinds of films students could produce: illustrated stories or poems, final reflections for a 20 Time or Genius Hour project, video textbooks on content-related topics, or news-like feature stories of school or community events. In this quick sample, I added music from YouTube’s library of royalty-free music that anyone can use to enhance their recordings:

Video Tutorial Using the same screencasting software mentioned above, students could also create their own video tutorials by creating a Slides presentation on their topic (such as “How to Open a Combination Lock”), then recording the slideshow with narration. This would make a nice final product for a unit on informational writing or a way for students to demonstrate their learning at the end of a unit in science (“How to Take Care of Lab Equipment”), social studies (“How to Measure Distance on a Map”), or math (“How to Multiply Fractions”). Student-made tutorials could even be created to teach classroom procedures. And any tutorials students make could be stored for later, so other students can also benefit from them.  Learn more about how Screencastify works right inside Chrome .

Peer Survey Whenever students need to gather data to support an argumentative essay or speech, let them gather data quickly and easily by creating a survey with Google Forms. Links to the survey can be sent out via email, QR codes , or through a post in a learning management system like Edmodo or Google Classroom. When results come in, students can use them to support whatever claim they are trying to make in their argument, or make adjustments based on what they discover in their research.

Feedback Form Have students provide feedback to each other’s presentations, speeches, even videos using Google Forms. Here’s how it would work: Each student creates her own form, asking for the kind of feedback she wants on the project. As other students view or the project, they can be sent to a form to offer praise or constructive criticism, which the creator would then be able to view privately and use to improve the project. Students could even use their feedback to write a reflection on their process after the project is done.

Quiz One great way to learn material is to create a test or quiz over the content. Have students use Google Forms to create their own multiple-choice, True/False, fill-in-the-blank, or open-ended quizzes on the content they are learning.

Visual Representation of Data Sets Whenever people enter responses to a Form, Google allows the form creator to view responses in charts and graphs. Have students gain a better understanding of how data can be represented visually by accepting responses (or entering their own fake ones) into a Form, then looking at how the numbers are represented in graphs. This could work well as a series of math lessons.

Way Beyond Worksheets

Just this morning on Twitter, someone posted a comment along these lines: “A worksheet on a Google Doc is STILL a worksheet. Students should be using tech to create!” I’ve heard this sentiment over and over, and it’s exactly why I’ve put this list together. Google offers some incredibly powerful tools if we know how to use them. I hope this list has given you a few new ideas to put into your students’ hands. ♦

What to Read Next

Categories: Instruction , Technology

Tags: assessment , content area literacy , English language arts , Grades 3-5 , Grades 6-8 , Grades 9-12 , project-based learning , teaching with tech , tech tools

51 Comments

This is wonderful.

This is my first year teaching in an alternative high school. All students have IEP’s as well as social and emotional disabilities. I really want to focus on literacy as many are well below grade-level, ability wise. Writing of course is a big part of literacy. I’m looking for ideas that they can collaborate on, via Google Docs, Slides, etc. Any thoughts would be appreciated.

Check out Boomwriter: A Fun Twist on Collaborative Writing . Lots of good resources there that you might like. Also take a look at Student-Made E-Books: A Beautiful Way to Demonstrate Learning .

I am an RSP teacher in Anaheim. For summer school I am going to have them build a “Bucket List” in Google slides.

Thanks for compiling these resources. I use many already but haven’t tried Screencastify yet. My district uses Google Classroom, but the forms app is blocked on student accounts- I think because it’s a perfect medium for under-the-radar cyberbullying (“How much do you hate Linda?…A little, a lot, a ton…”). Before teachers plan a lesson using forms, they should make sure the feature is enabled for students in their district. In my district, students can access forms and create them but they cannot send them to other students.

Thanks, Robyn. Good to know!

I love these ideas! You are so creative and now I have GREAT ideas for my SS project! Thanks! XD

this is all true

Our district is allowing extra credit this year and I have always been totally opposed to offering extra credit. These ideas are worth extra credit, and my focus this year is on what the students can teach me and the rest of their peers.

This gave me some good ideas for culminating activities. Thanks!

Thank you so much for sharing these ideas about creating projects by using the Google Drive! The middle school I teach at implemented a 1:1 program last year with Chromebooks, so the students have easy access to all of the Google apps. I had always grown up using Word docs and I was a little hesitant to start using Google docs at first. After just a few weeks, I absolutely fell in love with it! It is amazing how you can access all of your docs, forms, slides that you create from any device you’re using and the fact that everything automatically saves is just the cherry on top. I am grateful for this feature, especially working in a middle school where it is easy for students to forget to save something before exiting out. Although I teach Math, I found a lot of your project ideas to be utilized cross-curriculum and I truly appreciate it. I got my feet wet last year and had my students create google slides presentations in groups. At the beginning of this year, I started with a google form I created where students answered review questions from 6th grade Math. I love that when you get the results from all of the forms, you can easily see which areas students are struggling in and which areas they are proficient in because it is presented the results in graphs and charts. I just learned recently that you can create quizzes now, which is awesome because all of the testing in my district is done on the computers, so this will help prepare my students. I want to borrow your idea of having students create peer surveys that they can post on Google classroom in order to gather information and analyze results. This is a great skill for students to have. Thanks again, I truly enjoy reading your blogs!

Be positive at all time

Great collection of resources! Easy to read and very helpful for teachers who often do not get the tutorials they need to instruct with GAFE. I particular like the Museum Kiosk idea. It will work great will my history classes.

– Kevin

Hi everyone! I also would like to suggest my own (free) templates site. Im designing these presentations using “free” resources from other sites such as FreePik, FlatIcon,… and I think the result is pretty good. I invite you to have a look. The site is https://slidesppt.com

In the section of student blog posts, can you clarify how all the students in one class could be writing and posting a running blog which everyone in the class can read and respond to ?

This is Holly Burcham, a Customer Experience Manager. The idea Jenn laid out here is to simply create a shared Google Doc where each student would basically be responsible for his/her own page (literally page 1, page 2, etc.). Within a shared Doc, everyone with permission can be in and typing at the same time. Once “posts” are written, students can go in and add comments to others’ work. The comments would show up in the margins and would be arranged by corresponding content, not time like a typical blog post.

But, as you can imagine, this could quickly become very convoluted and a bit messy. The thought behind using Docs as a student blog is more for writing practice, getting the feel for writing a blog post without doing the real thing…

So, if you’re interested in your students truly creating a blog, we highly recommend checking out Edublogs and Kidblog . Hope this helps!

How are these good for projects? you said that these are for kid presentations, all I see are essay templates and idea’s for teachers to map out their classroom jobs(other then the coral)

Hi, Isaac! I’m not sure what could be used to map out classroom jobs specifically from this post, and I think the ideas here go way beyond essay outlines–please get back to me to clarify exactly what you’re referring to, because we believe all the ideas here are good for student use. Thanks!

You might update this post. Google Forms now supports branching which would be much easier to create a “choose your own” adventure type experience.

Thanks for the suggestion. I can picture how that would work, yes, but I guess the aesthetic experience might be lacking in a Google Form. With Slides you have complete creative freedom to design the slides like a real book. I guess it would be a matter of personal preference?

Where do I go to find accessibility features of Google docs, slides, and forms? I am a teacher of the blind and visually impaired. This technology is wonderful but without the ability to navigate the site independently, my students are at a lost. Can you direct me?

Hi! A couple of things that may be of help: Go to “Tools” in the menu bar and select Voice Typing (use Google Chrome). You can also click on Add-Ons in the menu bar and add the Speech Recognition Soundwriter extension for free. Here’s a link to find more Google Accessibility features — you just have to spend a bit of time looking through the list to see what may be relevant to your needs. I hope this helps!

You can also combine Google forms and docs to simplify book reports for elementary students: https://electriceducator.blogspot.com/2016/03/elementary-book-report-machine.html?m=1

Is there an available rubric or assessment piece for the museum kiosk activity?

Hi Colleen! No, sorry, I don’t have anything on that!

Hi I am a teacher at a elementary school and I was wondering if you had any ideas for what I could do for an autobiography book report.

Hi Madison,

There really are so many things you can have the kids do — I would first think about what you’re expecting the kids to be able to do in the end. What will actually be assessed and what will they be accountable for? (I suggest checking out Understanding Backward Design if you haven’t already.) From there, they can choose how to present what they learned, meeting the assessment criteria. I think using some of the ideas in the Slides section of the post could work really well, especially Student Made E-Books , or making a short film.

Madison, I love the idea of using Google Slides for autobiography book report. I’m thinking about Jennifer’s Slides suggestions and just tailoring it to your book report criteria/rubric. Thoughts?

thank you very much!!

Thank you! I can’t wait to explore some of these options more. This list is very much appreciated! 🙂

I really appreciate your kindness and your efforts and I’m going to try everything you have mentioned in this wonderful article

Thanks. Higher Ed ESOL Prof -no lesson prep for me… but I DO have my reading list for the next several (10-12) hours! All suggestions added to the original post are appreciated.

I am a huge fan of Google resources, but you have showed me some new ways I can use these. Thank you for sharing!

Thanks for some great ideas! I have another suggestion that I have used before- my students really liked it- a collaborative Google Slides presentation. I did this for types of organic molecules as an intro to organic chemistry. Each pair of students in the class was assigned a specific molecule to research. They had to create 1 slide with some specific information and add to a collaborative google slides presentation that I shared on Google Classroom. When the slideshow was complete, they could all access it, and they used it to take notes.

Great suggestion Susan! Thanks so much for sharing this idea.

I am wondering if I can find similar google instructions to send to my students now that we are teaching remotely and 90% of them probably don’t know how to use Google. This would be a fantastic use of their time. Thank you

Take a look at Jenn’s Google Drive Basics video course ! I think it’s got what you’re looking for – it’s for teachers and students!

I am thinking about doing a Rap Challenge in which they (as teams based on which class period they are in) create lyrics using WWII vocabulary we have used.

I create raps for my students and my though was that I would take parts of ALL of their submissions and create a WWII rap to add to the collection they have heard already.

Which of the Google Drive features would be my best bet for collaboration like that while the students are all working from home?

Hi Jim! I think this could be done in Google Docs pretty easily, as they are just writing a script, correct? If you want to share video or audio, you can just put these files into a shared folder in Drive and give all students access to those files. I hope this helps!

Amazing ideas

An innovative way to eliminate paper.

Hi! I love this site. I am beginning to use technology in my higehr education classroom. Could you help me to suggest some kind of game to use in Communication Skilss? Thanks a lot

Hi! Check out our Gamification Pinterest board and see what might be relevant. Hope this helps!

I’m a college student (who is now a nanny which brought me to this page) and for the screen recording, I highly reccomend Loom over Screencastify. In my experience using both during the remote learning period, the video quality is much higher on Loom, the user interface is easier, and you can’t edit Screencastify videos in an external editor like iMovie. (I had to do a group presentation and since partner lived in Kuwait we used this vs Zoom, etc. to record the presentation since we weren’t recording at the same time. It was very difficult to figure out how to merge our parts of the presentation into a single file.)

Also with screencastify the time limit per video on the free version (5 min I think) was frustrating as my work was longer. May not be a problem for students but for educators using the tool who don’t have the premium, this could be highly inconvenient. With Loom there isn’t a time limit.

What an adventure for me, who’s relatively new to this google drive thing. Mind blowing resources. It’s amazing. I’m excited as to what I can do with and in google drive. I’m definitely taking it one day at a time, will surely enjoy this ‘CRUISE’. Thank you Jennifer.

What does it mean to type I am from Germany?

Hi Flannery! It can mean a few different things depending on the context–either typing on a keyboard or the “kind” of something (“What type of ice cream do you like?”). We’d love to give a specific answer, so please let us know which part of the post or which comment you saw that you’d like more clarification on. Thanks!

Thanks for sharing these ideas. July 2021

I love all the awesome ways to incorporate technology in the classroom. This post had so many options to choose from and some that I personally loved when I was in school. There are so many different ways to make learning fun with technology!

So glad you enjoyed the post!

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Unessay Assignment Sheet

/ AHA Resource Library

/ Unessay Assignment Sheet

Published Date

September 20, 2023

Resource Type

For the Classroom

Teaching Methods

K–12 Education, Teaching & Learning, Undergraduate Education

By Bryan A. Banks Columbus State University

For more information on this assignment, read “ The Unessay: A Creative and Audience-Focused Assignment ,” Perspectives on History , September 2023.

This sample unessay assignment uses Transparency in Learning and Teaching project guidelines . It adopts a three-part structure that stresses first the work’s purpose, which helps students understand the importance of the assignment for their disciplinary development. Placing “criteria” at the end of the document, after “task,” is intended to encourage students to think through the assignment rather than simply defaulting to the basic parameters. 

This assignment is drawn from my World History since 1500 online class, which also introduces students to public history.

Historians (and scholars in other disciplines) regularly have to translate their knowledge for public audiences. Documentaries, historical fiction, TV news programming, magazines, museum exhibitions, board games, video games, and podcasts are just a few examples of the ways that audiences enjoy engaging with historical content.

For this assignment, you will select between making a podcast, creating a YouTube video, or putting together a pitch for a pop-up exhibition. You should select one of these unessay approaches deliberately, making the most of the format you choose.

For your unessay, you will need to complete a series of scaffolded steps, which include:

• Develop and submit a proposal, including a description of the format you would like your unesssay to take and how you see your research translating through that medium for your intended audience.
• Design and create your unessay, like you would a rough draft of an essay. Submit it for preliminary feedback.
• Submit your final project and make sure that your revised project reflects the feedback you received. (This should include supplementary materials like a bibliography.)
• In order to reflect on the experience of completing an unessay, you will also need to produce an intentional reflection of your experience. In it, you should identify what challenged you most about the assignment and how you overcame those challenges.

Your project must make a historical argument. Just as a traditional essay would, the unessay must use evidence to inform its design. Your design must also make the most of the medium you choose.

• For a podcast, you should make an argument and lay out evidence that supports your position. The evidence should be presented in a fashion that speaks to the medium. Incorporate diverse audio clips. Describe necessary documents in great detail for the audience.
• For a YouTube video, you should make an argument just like a podcast. For this medium, you need to think more intentionally about the visual elements. Do not just record yourself presenting a paper as if you are giving a presentation in class. Incorporate visuals and video. Edit the video to make it more engaging for the viewer.
• For a pop-up exhibition, you will need to think spatially in order to make your argument. Where will the exhibition go? What will it look like? How will visitors interact with it? How will it weather the elements? What design elements will you incorporate in order to lay out he evidence in a way to leave the visitors with a sense of your argument? Because you will not actually be creating the pop-up exhibition, you have the ability to use your imagination and consider the design from many different vantages.
• Offers thesis statement: 33%
• Makes use of text throughout the project: 33%
• Mechanics: 33%

I suggest using Cate Denial’s rubric, found here . 

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The History of Racism and Racist Violence: International Contexts and Comparisons

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Oftentimes, assigned research papers and other longer projects fail because students do not understand the underlying problems their work addresses or how they can authentically contribute to solving them. Project-based learning (PBL) emphasizes the problem throughout the writing process so that students understand the value of their work both inside the classroom and beyond. The PBL process is structured around forming authentic questions relevant to the problem and seeking answers through a series of scaffolded tasks. It culminates in a revised product that is shared with a real audience.

Foregrounding the problem throughout the series of scaffolded tasks helps students understand the importance of each step of their project work. It also helps the instructor and student work together to scaffold the number of tasks it will take to complete the project.  PBL has been shown to increase students’ intrinsic motivation to learn, to improve their confidence in self-directed learning activities, and to enhance their problem-solving skills.

Table of Contents

General Considerations Strategies for the Classroom Further Reading

General Considerations

Project-based learning offers an abundance of choice and flexibility for both the instructor and students, and it is appropriate in all disciplines. This section provides a general set of best practices to achieve a successful PBL experience that is both academically rigorous and personalized. 

Achieve Personal and Educational Purpose: Well-designed and well-implemented project-based learning fulfills two criteria. First, students must understand the ways in which their project is personally meaningful so they can make a commitment to successfully completing the tasks. Second, students must understand how their project fulfills an educational purpose relevant to the course and future needed skill sets.

Establish an Appropriately Difficult Problem: Students perform best when they encounter problems they find challenging and which they know how to engage so they can arrive at an appropriate solution. The two main factors that contribute to a problem’s difficultly are the level of a problem’s abstraction and the extent to which the problem has continuity . If a problem is too abstract, students have a difficult time transferring their knowledge of the problem to other content or contexts. If a problem is not continuous enough, students have difficulty seeing how it persists through time and view the problem more as an isolated incident. The level of abstraction and continuity of a problem should depend on student ability.

Determine Appropriate Solutions by Discipline: What counts as an appropriate solution to a problem is dependent on discipline. Instructors should clearly articulate their expectations for a solution and the ways they expect this solution to be argued. See Supplement 1: “Research Options for Project-based Assignments” at the beginning of this resource for specific options.

Engage Multiple Perspectives: While an appropriate solution to a problem should be dependent on discipline, successful PBL gives students significant opportunities to examine the problem from multiple perspectives. During this process, students should be encouraged to draw on relevant prior knowledge and experience. For instance, a biology major taking a public health course could develop a project around the problem of the most effective way to teach third graders about bacteria and draw on ethnography, their biology lab work, and communications analysis to arrive at an appropriate solution.

Engage multiple activities or skills: PBL supports a wide variety of activities and skill set building most relevant for particular courses and disciplines. PBL projects can be primarily driven by more open-ended narratives or more data-driven tasks. The best kind of PBL experience asks students to engage in multiple kinds of activities and skills. For instance, asking students to combine archival research with fieldwork or analysis helps keep student interest high.

Provide On-going, Multiple Types of Feedback and Assessment: Long-term projects might span the second half of a semester, or even the entire fifteen weeks. Students need multiple opportunities for feedback and assessment to remain focused and engaged in their work. See the Supplement 2: “Assessment and Feedback Options for Project-based Assignments” at the beginning of this resource for specific options.

Strategies for the Classroom

Regardless of course or discipline, effective project-based learning includes seven essentials. This section lists each of these essentials and offers accompanying classroom strategies to achieve them.

1. Invest in the Problem: PBL begins with an investment in a problem students genuinely want to solve. In some courses, all the students will be working on the same problem, while in other courses each student might be generating their own. Regardless, use at least one entry event together as a class in order to model investment in the problem.

• Entry event example: In a recent visit to the United States, United Nations experts, “while praising the current United States administration for its commitment to women’s equality” warned that “the extreme polarization of US politics is ‘profoundly’ affecting the Government’s ability to guarantee women’s human rights.”

2. Pose a driving question: Students need a clearly articulated driving question to begin their research. Working together as a class and then in small groups or pairs, students could be asked to test out and revise model questions using the following criteria.

A good driving question is one for which the student

• Is genuinely interested
• Does not know the answer
• Cannot find one definitive answer
• Is specific enough in their inquiry to begin research

3. Create opportunities for student voice and choice: It is useful for students to articulate the vision for their project near the beginning of their work and then again near the end. This helps them take agency and responsibility for their work. Asking students to write a proposal or a pitch letter near the beginning of their projects and then again near the end, gives them opportunities to see how many choices they have to make, and the ways their projects change as they undergo substantial thinking and research. A project pitch assignment could ask students to write a one-page letter to a prospective paying audience for their work addressing the questions below.

• Who is the intended audience of the work?
• What form will the final work take—what genre, and for what specific publication/presentation venue? 
• Approximately how long will the final work be?
• How will the project combine textual and other multimodal elements?
• Why should the work be published/presented?  What are its motive and stakes? Why should someone want to read your work?  Particularly at this moment in time?
• Why should  you  write the work, rather than some other writer? 

4. Utilize 21 st century skills: In order for students to understand the current relevancy of their topic and their problem, they need to engage or be engaged with 21 st century skills. This could take many forms including showing and discussing a YouTube video or twitter feed relevant to the problem, introducing a global perspective on what might have been more nationalized a few decades ago, or having students write blog entries, use Google maps, or create annotated timelines. Utilizing 21 st century skills helps students understand the current relevancy of their topic and their problem and helps them envision an audience for their work. Electronic portfolios are also a great way for students to showcase their final product.

5. Support inquiry and innovation: Part of the joy and the challenge of teaching through PBL is that there are multiple outcomes. To facilitate this, students need to be encouraged to pose their own questions and to research in innovative ways. It is helpful for students to revisit the basic problem and questions they’re pursuing at multiple stages in their projects and to provide them with opportunities to see what their peers are working on as well.

6. Provide opportunities for feedback and revision: Students should receive feedback or be working on a revision at least once a week for their project. Diversifying the types of feedback the students get through the process keeps them engaged in the process. You can diversify feedback through the kinds of tasks or through who is scheduled to provide feedback. Supplement 2: Assessment and Feedback Options for Project-based Assignments” at the beginning of this handout details these feedback opportunities at greater length.

• Possible project tasks: a production plan that includes a rough calendar and outline of the work they plan to do for the project, blog posts on project progress, journal reflections, team meetings, annotated bibliography sets.
• Possible ways to provide feedback: private conference with the instructor, written feedback from the instructor, presentations followed by Q & A-style feedback from classmates, small group discussions, written peer responses.

7. Arrange a public presentation of students’ final product: Giving students a chance to share their work with an audience helps them value their final product more and it also gives them the confidence to try other projects in the future. You might put together their work as a conference-style presentation, have them prepare short 5-minute presentations to the class, or arrange a showcase of their work at a suitable campus or local venue.

Further Reading

Barrett, Terry. New Approaches to Problem-based Learning: Revitalising Your Practice In Higher Education . New York: Routledge, 2011.

The Buck Institute for Education. Project Based Learning: The Online Source for PBL. n.p., n.d. Web.

Gijbels, David, Filip Dochy, Piet Van den Bossche, & Mien Segers. “Effects of Problem-Based Learning: A Meta-Analysis from the Angle of Assessment.” Review of Educational Research. Spring 2005 vol . 75 no. 1 27-61.

Helle, Laura. “Project-Based Learning in Post-Secondary Education – Theory, Practice and Rubber Sling Shots.” Higher Education . March 2006, Volume 51, Issue 2, pp 287-314

Hye-Jung Lee1, & Cheolil Lim. “Peer Evaluation in Blended Team Project-Based Learning: What Do Students Find Important?” Journal Of Educational Technology & Society , 15(4). 2012.

Larmer, John, John Mergendoller & Suzie Boss. Setting the Standard for Project Based Learning: A Proven Approach to Rigorous Classroom Instruction . 2015

Larmer, John and John R. Mergendoller. "Seven Essentials for Project-Based Learning." ACSD, Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. September 2010, Volume 1, pp 34-37. Web.

Lee, J. S. , Blackwell, S. , Drake, J. , & Moran, K. A. “Taking a Leap of Faith: Redefining Teaching and Learning in Higher Education Through Project-Based Learning.” Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning, 8(2). 2014.

Walker, Andrew. Essential Readings In Problem-based Learning . West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University Press, 2015.

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JavaScript ( JS ) is a lightweight interpreted (or just-in-time compiled) programming language with first-class functions . While it is most well-known as the scripting language for Web pages, many non-browser environments also use it, such as Node.js , Apache CouchDB and Adobe Acrobat . JavaScript is a prototype-based , multi-paradigm, single-threaded , dynamic language, supporting object-oriented, imperative, and declarative (e.g. functional programming) styles.

JavaScript's dynamic capabilities include runtime object construction, variable parameter lists, function variables, dynamic script creation (via eval ), object introspection (via for...in and Object utilities ), and source-code recovery (JavaScript functions store their source text and can be retrieved through toString() ).

This section is dedicated to the JavaScript language itself, and not the parts that are specific to Web pages or other host environments. For information about APIs that are specific to Web pages, please see Web APIs and DOM .

The standards for JavaScript are the ECMAScript Language Specification (ECMA-262) and the ECMAScript Internationalization API specification (ECMA-402). As soon as one browser implements a feature, we try to document it. This means that cases where some proposals for new ECMAScript features have already been implemented in browsers, documentation and examples in MDN articles may use some of those new features. Most of the time, this happens between the stages 3 and 4, and is usually before the spec is officially published.

Do not confuse JavaScript with the Java programming language — JavaScript is not "Interpreted Java" . Both "Java" and "JavaScript" are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle in the U.S. and other countries. However, the two programming languages have very different syntax, semantics, and use.

JavaScript documentation of core language features (pure ECMAScript , for the most part) includes the following:

• The JavaScript guide
• The JavaScript reference

For more information about JavaScript specifications and related technologies, see JavaScript technologies overview .

Learn how to program in JavaScript with guides and tutorials.

For complete beginners

Head over to our Learning Area JavaScript topic if you want to learn JavaScript but have no previous experience with JavaScript or programming. The complete modules available there are as follows:

Answers some fundamental questions such as "what is JavaScript?", "what does it look like?", and "what can it do?", along with discussing key JavaScript features such as variables, strings, numbers, and arrays.

Continues our coverage of JavaScript's key fundamental features, turning our attention to commonly-encountered types of code blocks such as conditional statements, loops, functions, and events.

The object-oriented nature of JavaScript is important to understand if you want to go further with your knowledge of the language and write more efficient code, therefore we've provided this module to help you.

Discusses asynchronous JavaScript, why it is important, and how it can be used to effectively handle potential blocking operations such as fetching resources from a server.

Explores what APIs are, and how to use some of the most common APIs you'll come across often in your development work.

JavaScript guide

A much more detailed guide to the JavaScript language, aimed at those with previous programming experience either in JavaScript or another language.

Intermediate

JavaScript frameworks are an essential part of modern front-end web development, providing developers with proven tools for building scalable, interactive web applications. This module gives you some fundamental background knowledge about how client-side frameworks work and how they fit into your toolset, before moving on to a series of tutorials covering some of today's most popular ones.

An overview of the basic syntax and semantics of JavaScript for those coming from other programming languages to get up to speed.

Overview of available data structures in JavaScript.

JavaScript provides three different value comparison operations: strict equality using === , loose equality using == , and the Object.is() method.

How different methods that visit a group of object properties one-by-one handle the enumerability and ownership of properties.

A closure is the combination of a function and the lexical environment within which that function was declared.

Explanation of the widely misunderstood and underestimated prototype-based inheritance.

Memory life cycle and garbage collection in JavaScript.

JavaScript has a runtime model based on an "event loop".

Browse the complete JavaScript reference documentation.

Get to know standard built-in objects Array , Boolean , Date , Error , Function , JSON , Math , Number , Object , RegExp , String , Map , Set , WeakMap , WeakSet , and others.

Learn more about the behavior of JavaScript's operators instanceof , typeof , new , this , the operator precedence , and more.

Learn how do-while , for-in , for-of , try-catch , let , var , const , if-else , switch , and more JavaScript statements and keywords work.

Learn how to work with JavaScript's functions to develop your applications.

JavaScript classes are the most appropriate way to do object-oriented programming.

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National Consultant- Capacity-building training for the Women’s Peace and Humanitarian Fund (WPHF) project Grantees and sub-grantees

Advertised on behalf of.

Home Based, ETHIOPIA

Type of Contract :

Individual Contract

Starting Date :

12-Aug-2024

Application Deadline :

01-Aug-24 (Midnight New York, USA)

Post Level :

National Consultant

Duration of Initial Contract :

20 days within a period of 2 months

Time left :

Languages required :.

English  

Expected Duration of Assignment :

UNDP is committed to achieving workforce diversity in terms of gender, nationality and culture. Individuals from minority groups, indigenous groups and persons with disabilities are equally encouraged to apply. All applications will be treated with the strictest confidence. UNDP does not tolerate sexual exploitation and abuse, any kind of harassment, including sexual harassment, and discrimination. All selected candidates will, therefore, undergo rigorous reference and background checks.

UN Women, grounded in the vision of equality enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, works for the elimination of discrimination against women and girls; the empowerment of women; and the achievement of equality between women and men as partners and beneficiaries of development, human rights, humanitarian action and peace and security.  

The Women’s Peace and Humanitarian Fund (WPHF) is a partnership between the United Nations and the civil society, which supports women led and women’s rights organizations working to build peace and provide humanitarian response throughout the world. Since the end of 2016, the WPHF has been supporting over 900 civil society organizations (CSOs) and is present in 32 countries including Ethiopia.   

UN Women hosts the Secretariat of the WPHF. The WPHF Secretariat provides support to the Funding Board, mobilizes resources from Governments, companies, foundations and individuals, designs funding windows and mechanisms, provides day to day support to Country Offices implementing WPHF programmes, ensures timely and quality monitoring and reporting.  

The advancement of gender equality and women’s empowerment could not be possible without engaging a wide spectrum of partners to achieve the expected results across the humanitarian-development-peace nexus. UN Women Ethiopia has been investing in building M&E and financial management capacities of partners in support of delivering high-quality programming.  Through funding received from WPHF, UN Women has engaged Responsible Parties (RP) such as civil society organization and women’s rights organizations working in peace-building and humanitarian response in Ethiopia to collaboratively deliver results within the project objective. 

In this connection, UN Women would like to invite all WPHF partners on a capacity-building training between 8-12 July 2024 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The training will target WPHF project implementing partners from across its country portfolios to exchange perspectives, review current challenges, learn from each other, and create synergies and partnerships. The training will be hands on to enable partners to develop theory of change, planning and monitoring frameworks, results-based reports, resource mobilization strategies, etc. with the aim to improve delivery and impact of WPHF funded projects that are implemented in the country.  

The trainings’ expected outcomes are: 

• Strengthened institutional capacities of implementing partners in planning, monitoring, and reporting which demonstrates verifiable results in the lives of women and girls.  
• Increased knowledge of RBM and how it strengthens work in humanitarian settings. 
• Enhanced understanding and strategies of resource mobilization. 
• Increased network and collaboration among IPs – identifying joint actions to address challenges and opportunities.   
• Accelerating WPHF impact and reach – promote, sustainability, and scaling of CSO partners’ impacts and reach.  

Participants/Target group:  The target audience of the workshop is UN Women’s implementing partners, including all listed below: 

• Programme Managers working on UN Women-WPHF funded project.  
• Planning, M&E, Reporting Officers/Analysts/ Specialists directly assigned to the WPHF project.  
• Financial Officers/Operations Managers directly supporting the financial management of the WPHF project. 

In total, 30 WLOs/WROs are expected to take part in the capacity-building training.

Duties and Responsibilities

The consultant, with the guidance and under the supervision of UN Women program team will support to prepare, facilitate, and moderate the capacity-building training and provide a training report. The main objective of the consultant is to develop training sessions, ensure a smooth workflow during the proposed agenda items including plenary, group discussion and training activities, by providing tools and exercises for all the participants.  Specifically, the consultant will be responsible to plan and develop content and deliver planning, monitoring and evaluation (PMR) training for implementing partners, including on Results Based Planning Approach and resource mobilization strategies.

III. Responsibilities     

The consultant will be responsible for planning, facilitating the training, including during plenary and group discussions, to ensure a cohesive voice and presence and guiding the participants throughout the whole training. The consultant is also expected to write a comprehensive training report. The specific timeline and expected number of workdays for each deliverable will be discussed between the consultant and UN Women. In additions, the consultant: 

• With UN Women programme team, prepare training sessions by identifying the specific objectives and methodology.  
• Moderate and facilitate each agenda item as guided by UN Women Programme team. 
• Provide guidance for ensuring a productive discussion between the participants.  
• Wrap up the key recommendations and next steps. 
• Write training report. 

Key Deliverables   

The consultancy is to commence in July 2024 and is expected to require up to 20 days of work.  Key deliverables and tasks are:  

• Inception meeting with UN Women team and prepare training sessions.
• Preparation of the moderation of the sessions and coordination with relevant speakers/team members as required by UN Women.
• A comprehensive training report of the capacity building training on result-based management (RBM) throughout the HPC/PCM and resource mobilization strategy for the WPHF grantees operating in Ethiopia.

Payment will be made upon certification by UN Women that the work has been completed to satisfaction. All raw data files, consent forms and relevant documentation must be returned to UN Women before release of final payment. 

Competencies

Core Values: 

• Respect for Diversity 
• Integrity 
• Professionalism 

Core Competencies: 

• Awareness and Sensitivity Regarding Gender Issues 
• Accountability 
• Creative Problem Solving 
• Effective Communication 
• Inclusive Collaboration 
• Stakeholder Engagement 
• Leading by Example 

Please visit this link for more information on UN Women’s Core Values and Competencies:  

https://www.unwomen.org/en/about-us/employment/application-process#_Values  

FUNCTIONAL COMPETENCIES: 

• Ability to work with minimal supervision.
• Evidence of having undertaken similar assignments
• Experience in providing capacity building trainings.
• High level written and oral communications skills in Amharic and English
• Result-oriented, team player, exhibiting high levels of enthusiasm for gender equality, diplomacy, and integrity.
• Demonstrate excellent interpersonal and professional skills in interacting with CSOs and development partners at regional and federal level.
• Experience in conducting assessment, writing high quality reports both in English and Amharic

Required Skills and Experience

Education and Certification:

• Master’s degree in M&E, Finance, Accounting, Project Management, Business Administration, or other relevant fields is required.  

Experience:

• Minimum 10 years of experience in monitoring and reporting, including report writing to different audiences, project monitoring, result based management, and project planning and guiding the CSOs/NGOs, in the resource mobilization strategy.
• Experience in capacity development on results-based management, resource mobilization and advocacy, and/or monitoring and reporting. 
• Familiarity with women’s, CSOs’ role and leadership in peace and security and humanitarian response.  
• Experience in working and liaising with different stakeholders, including WLOs/WROs, United Nations/international organizations, governments and/or Funds.  
• Training facilitation skills and familiarity with various effective training methodologies and techniques. 
• Excellent ability to communicate effectively in English and Amharic with people of all ages and all backgrounds. 
• Previous experience working with UN agencies is considered an asset. 
• Fluency in English and Amharic is required.

How To Apply  

• Personal CV or P11 (P11 can   be downloaded from:   https://www.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/Headquarters/Attachments/Sections/About%20Us/Employment/UN-Women-P11-Personal-History-Form.doc  )
• A cover letter (maximum length: 1 page)
• Managers may ask (ad hoc) for any other materials relevant to pre-assessing the relevance of their experience, such as reports, presentations, publications, campaigns, or other materials.

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Azerbaijan: EIB and Azerbaijan Railways complete first cooperation to boost railway safety with EU funding

• Azerbaijan Railways receives EIB advice to improve rail safety while reducing travel times, costs and greenhouse gas emissions.
• It is the first assignment completed under EU-funded Facility for Eastern Partnership Investment in Connectivity (EPIC).
• Project focuses on safety at level crossings along the Baku-Boyuk Kesik train route.

The European Investment Bank (EIB) completed a 10-month assignment helping Azerbaijan improve railway safety and reliability. The EIB’s advisory support, the first one completed under the Facility for Eastern Partnership Investment in Connectivity (EPIC), resulted in recommendations that will guide Azerbaijan Railways in a project to improve operational safety while reducing travels times, costs and greenhouse gas emissions.

The advisory support helped Azerbaijan Railways in enhancing safety at existing level crossings along the important Baku-Boyuk Kesik rail route, which is a 503-kilometre line that links the capital city and Port of Baku with the rail network of neighbouring Georgia and continues to the Black Sea. It is part of the core TEN-T network in Azerbaijan and serves as an important link, especially for cargo transport, along the “Middle Corridor”.

“We are pleased to announce the successful completion of the first assignment under EPIC, which transfers the experience and best practices in the transport sector within the EU to the Eastern neighbourhood,” said EIB Vice-President Teresa Czerwińska , who is responsible for the Bank’s activities in the region “I am confident that the guidance from our advisors will enhance the project's development, focusing on improving safety and minimising environmental impact for this vital railway connection, benefitting both Azerbaijan and the region.”

European Union Ambassador to Azerbaijan Peter Michalko said “Azerbaijan's strategic location, infrastructure development efforts, and potential for enhancing trade and economic cooperation make the country a strategic partner in the context of the extended Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T), contributing strongly to better connectivity, better economic development, and better regional integration. The EU works hand in hand with Azerbaijan and with the EIB on key transport and infrastructure projects. We will continue to offer technical assistance, loans, guarantees for infrastructure development, greening, digitalisation as well as to strengthen transport governance.”

“International cooperation in the field of rail safety and minimizing greenhouse gas emission is a high priority for Azerbaijan railway and we will enhance cooperation with our partners in this field and implement best international standard in rail operations and infrastructure,” said Arif Agayev Advisor of Chairman of Azerbaijan Railways CJSC.

EPIC assists investment projects in the Eastern Neighbourhood that are related to the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T). It focuses on projects prioritised under the Indicative TEN-T Investment Action Plan and the EU’s Economic and Investment Plan for the Eastern Partnership. EPIC supports these projects to meet the requirements of the EU and of international financial institutions, ensuring the initiatives are ready for investment while minimising environmental damage. It is funded by the EU and managed by the EIB’s advisory programme for Joint Assistance to Support Projects in European Regions (JASPERS).  

As a part of the assignment, EIB and Azerbaijan Railways teams worked closely together to identify level-crossings of high-risk for potential grade separation. With the EPIC support, Azerbaijan Railways also identified the most critical locations of uncontrolled livestock and pedestrian crossings along the line. The Project Identification Report based on the EIB advisory assignment will play an important role in the decision-making process related to these level crossings and next phase of the project. In addition, the successfully completed task is related to Middle Corridor, which is a priority for Azerbaijan and Eurasia region.  The projects in the rail sectors included in this corridor connecting China with the EU through Central Asia, Azerbaijan and Türkiye are vital in the medium and long term perspective.

Background information

About the Facility for Eastern Partnership Investment in Connectivity (EPIC)

Funded by the European Union and managed by EIB advisory programme JASPERS, EPIC offers Eastern Partnership countries free advisory support and technical assistance to improve transport connections. It is implemented in cooperation with the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and World Bank.

EPIC Projects can come from all transport subsectors, such as road, rail, air, waterborne and intermodal transport sectors. Typically, projects will:

• Reduce travel time and cost,
• Eliminate bottlenecks,
• Improve road safety,
• Adapt transport infrastructure to climate change,
• Have socio-economic and environmental benefits.

Currently under EPIC, the EIB is providing advisory support or technical assistance to ten projects in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Moldova and Ukraine.

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Azerbaijan: EIB Global and Bank Respublika sign €10 million loan agreement to boost finance access for small businesses

EIB Global, the arm of the European Investment Bank (EIB) for financing activities outside the European Union, has signed a €10 million loan agreement with Bank Respublika to support micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in Azerbaijan. The agreement will promote financial inclusion by providing loans to small businesses on preferential terms and with the option of disbursal in local currency, boosting investment, growth and employment.   

EIB signs framework agreement with the Republic of Azerbaijan

The EIB, the European Union's long-term financing institution, and the Republic of Azerbaijan concluded the Framework Agreement under which the Bank may start financing investment projects in Azerbaijan. The agreement was signed today in Brussels by H.E. Shahin Mustafayev, Minister of Economic Development and EIB Vice-President Wilhelm Molterer.

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To celebrate the International Day of Persons with Disabilities on 3 December, the EIB organises a full week of events to promote exchanges on disability inclusion with staff and expert guests. Diversity is the essence of humanity and a core value of the European Union. As the EU bank, we are committed to promote diversity and inclusion in everything we do.