class 12 business studies chapter 1 case study questions

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Class 12 Business Studies Case Study Questions

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In this article, we will discuss how to get CBSE class 12 Business Studies Case Study Questions from the myCBSEguide App and our Student Dashboard for free.

For the students appearing for class 12 board exams from the Commerce Stream, Business Studies is a core subject. Business Studies as a subject provides a way of perceiving and interacting with the business ecosystem . It well establishes the interdependence of business on various social, political, legal and economic forces and vice-versa. Business Studies is a purely theoretical and a relevantly easier subject for the Commerce students. Business Studies class 12 exam is a highly scoring subject and it facilitates the students to increase their percentile and excel in academics.

12 Business Studies Paper Design

The exam is divided into 2 parts:

• Part A generally contains questions from Principles and Functions of Management and carries 60 marks.
• Part B comprises questions from Business Finance and Marketing, it carries a total of 40 marks.

The syllabus of class 12 Business Studies comprises 12 chapters that are divided into 2 books

• Principles and Functions of Management
• Business Finance and Marketing

Business Studies Syllabus

CBSE has released the latest class 12 syllabus (2022-23) for Business Studies. 

Business Studies Case Study Questions

Case-based questions have always been an integral part of Business Studies class 12 question papers for the past many years. Students are required to focus more on case studies as they require the application of their knowledge of the key business concepts. In the year 2021-22 CBSE introduced a few changes in the question paper pattern to enhance and develop analytical and reasoning skills among students. Sanyam Bhardwaj, controller of examinations, CBSE quoted that case-based questions would be based on real-life situations encountered by the students.

The purpose was to drift from rote learning to competency and situation-based learning. He emphasized the fact that it was the need of the hour to move away from the old system and formulate new policies to enhance the critical reasoning skills of students. Introducing case study questions was a step toward achieving the goals of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020.

What is a case study question? (Business Studies)

A case study in reference to Business Studies can be thought of as a real-world test of how the implementation works. It is predominantly a report of an organization’s implementation of something such as a practice, a product, a system, or a service. Case studies based on NCERT text form a substantial part of the Business Studies examination. Initially, they were confusing for both students and teachers but now there is a clarity that has made the question paper more student-friendly. A significant weightage has been given to case-based and application-based questions.

Critical and Analytical Thinking

These questions demand critical and analytical thinking on behalf of the students. The best part of these questions is that they provide conceptual hints and keys that point to the right answer. According to the new pattern implemented by CBSE, case-based questions would carry a significant weightage of more than 30% in the Business Studies question paper.

Case Study Passage

As part of these questions, the students would be provided with a comprehensive passage, based on which analytical questions will have to be answered by them. The students would be required to read the passage carefully before attempting the questions. In the coming examination cycle (2022-23), case-based questions have a weightage of around 30%.

Types of Case Study questions in Business Studies

CBSE plans to increase the weightage of such questions in the following years, so as to enhance the intellectual and analytical abilities of the students. Case study questions would be based on various topics and chapters in Business Studies. It is expected from the students to have complete knowledge of the concepts in their syllabus.

They will have to let go of the shortcut techniques and get to read their textbooks with full concentration, especially for solving case-based questions in Business Studies for the passages given are generally lengthy and require an in-depth study. The best part of having these questions is that the question itself projects a hint of its solution.

The questions asked could be :

• Direct and simple-such questions can easily be solved as the answers are either there in the given passage or the student can solve it at ease by reading and analyzing the passage carefully.
• Indirect and application-based- These are the ones that would require the student to have complete knowledge of the topic and could be answered by application of the concepts. The answers to such questions are slightly tricky and not visible in the given passage, though the passage would highlight the concept on which the questions would be asked by CBSE.

Class 12 Business Studies Case Study

Case study questions asked by CBSE were stated to be quite challenging by many students. It prominently focuses on real and present scenarios of the business world. Though the exam, on the whole, was quite direct and its difficulty level was termed out to be moderate. Around 30% of the question paper consisted of case-based questions that required high-order thinking and analytical skills from the students.

Content of Case Study Questions

The concept of case-based questions is not new since CBSE has always included questions based on Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTs) and case-based questions. Though now we will have an increased percentage of such questions in the question paper. The student has to keep in mind that the concept-based questions can be attempted only with the proper understanding of the business concepts.

Benefits Of Case-based Questions

Class 12 Business Studies syllabus comprises two books and CBSE can ask Case study questions from any of them. Students must prepare themselves thoroughly for both the books. They must practice class 12 Business Studies case-based questions from the various options available to them.

• Enhance the intellectual capabilities of the students.
• Provide a complete and deeper understanding of the subject.
• Inculcate analytical reasoning and temperament in students.
• Help students retain knowledge for longer periods of time.
• Would definitely help to discard the concept of rote learning and cramming without understanding the core of the subject.
• The questions would facilitate bringing out the much-awaited change in the prevalent system of education in India that hinders the strengthening of practical learning.

Some Case-Study Questions (Business Studies) Class 12

Here are some case study questions for CBSE class 12 Business Studies. If you wish to get more case study questions and other related study material, download the myCBSEguide App now. You can also access it through our Student Dashboard .

Business Studies Case Study 1

Read the following text and answer the questions: ABLEX Ltd. is a big and well-reputed company. The biggest challenge for the company is managing many employees at the same time. As the company has various departments like human resources, marketing, finance,etc., it is very necessary for the company to maintain unity in different departments. All the employees work hard for the organisation. Despite their different interest, they all perform various activities together so as to achieve the objectives of the company. The career of employees is shown a developmental path through proper training modules and job enrichment. Ajay is a manager who assigns all duties and responsibilities to his employees in the department. He uses all sources to develop proper communication with them and leaves no attempt to motivate them.

• It integrates Group Efforts
• It is a Continuous process
• It ensures Unity of Action
• It is Pervasive
• Top Level Management
• Middle-Level Management
• Lower Level Management
• Supervisory Level Management
• Economic objectives
• Social Objectives
• Organisational Objectives
• Personal Objectives

Answer Key:

• (c) It ensures unity of action
• (b) Middle-level management
• (c) Personal objectives
• (a) Directing

Business Studies Case Study 2

Read the following text and answer the question: Mohan works in a bulb manufacturing company. Each bulb that is manufactured is of standard size and quality. Further, if there is any unrequited type of bulb manufactured then its production is stopped. Last month when the company came to know that 10-watt bulbs were no more liked by customers, their production was stopped. He works in the purchasing department. His job is to purchase the filaments required to make bulbs. This time when he purchases the filament he gets the instruction from the seller that some special care needs to be taken in the first hour of fixing the filaments inside the bulb. Mohan knows this information should be given immediately to the production department before the assembling process starts. However, he finds that his company’s policies only allow him to give the message to his immediate boss who will further pass this message to his boss. The passing of this message will continue until it reaches the desired person in the production department. Based on the passage answer the following questions:

• Method study
• Fatigue study
• Standardization and simplification
• None of these
• Scalar chain
• Departmentalization
• Division of Work
• None of the above
• Organization
• Authority and Responsibility
• All of these
• Division of work
• Scalar Chain
• (b) Fatigue study
• (a) Scalar chain
• (c) Gang plank
• (a) Division of work

Business Studies Case Study 3

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow: Two years ago Radhika completed her degree in food technology. She worked for some time in a company manufacturing chutneys, pickles and murabbas. She was not happy in the company and decided to have her own organic food processing unit for the same. She set the objectives and the targets and formulated an action plan to achieve the same. One of her objectives was to earn 10% profit on the amount invested in the first year. It was decided that raw materials like fruits, vegetables, spices, etc. will be purchased on three months’ credit form farmers cultivating organic crops only. She also decided to follow the steps required for the marketing of the products through her own outlets. She appointed Rakesh as a production manager who decides the exact manner in which the production activities are to be carried out. Rakesh also prepared a statement showing the number of workers that will be required in the factory throughout the year. Radhika informed Mohan about her sales target for different products, area wise for the forthcoming quarter. While working on the production table a penalty of 100 per day for not wearing the caps, gloves and apron was announced.

• Standing Plan
• (a) Objectives
• (c) Procedure
• (b) Programme

Tips to Solve Case Study Questions in Business Studies

Let’s try to comprehend and solve case study questions of class 12 Business Studies. As mentioned earlier, the entire syllabus is divided into 2 books. It is expected from the students to rigorously follow the NCERT book as the language written is quite simple and crisp. The exam in spite of being totally theoretical is quite scoring.

• Read the passage in depth.
• Try to comprehend the situation and focus on the questions asked.
• Generally, the passage given in Business Studies is lengthy but the solutions are brief and simple.
• Can follow a reversal pattern, i.e read the questions before and then search for the answers. You will save time.
• Answer briefly and precisely.
• Focus on solidifying key Business Studies fundamentals for acing any case study. If your concepts are clear, you will hardly face any difficulty in answering them.
• While answering the case study, pick the keywords or any keyline based on which you are withdrawing your conclusion. You need to highlight the reason for your answer.

These simple points if kept in mind will definitely help the student to fetch good marks in case study-based questions in class 12 Business Studies.

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CBSE NCERT Solutions

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Case Study Chapter 1 Nature and Significance of Management

Please refer to Chapter 1 Nature and Significance of Management Case Study Questions with answers provided below. We have provided Case Study Questions for Class 12 Business Studies for all chapters as per CBSE, NCERT and KVS examination guidelines. These case based questions are expected to come in your exams this year. Please practise these case study based Class 12 Business Studies Questions and answers to get more marks in examinations.

Case Study Questions Chapter 1 Nature and Significance of Management

Read the source given below and answer the following questions : A business organisation attains top position only because of the quality of management. Successful organisations do not achieve their goals by chance but by following deliberate process called management. On the other hand, lack of proper management results in wastage of time, money and efforts. Most of businesses fail due to poor management. Management is a life-giving element in every business. Without it, the resources of production will remain resources and shall never become production.

Questions :

Question. Good manager not only focuses on prosperity of management but he also focuses on prosperity of employees. This is related to which importance of management?      (a) Management helps in achieving organisational’s goal. (b) Management creates dynamic organisation. (c) Management improves efficiency. (d) Management helps in achieving personal goals.

Question. Management is called a process because        (a) it involves coordination. (b) it involves series of functions. (c) it involves achieving multiple objectives. (d) none of the above

Question. In absence of management, resources:      (a) never become production (b) can not be used effectively (c) can not be used efficiently (d) all of the above

Question. A successful organisation achieves its goal not by chance but by following a process called:    (a) Coordination (b) Planning (c) Management (d) Controlling

Read the source given below and answer the following questions : Coordination, therefore, involves synchronisation of different actions or efforts of the various units of an organisation . It ensures planned objectives are achieved with minimum cost. After analysing the above features we can say that coordination is not a simple function of management but it is the essence of management or in other words we can say that all the functions are flowers and coordination is a thread that ties these flowers to form the garland of organisation.

Question. Coordination acts as a thread to tie different functions of management. This is related to which feature of coordination? (a) Coordination integrates group efforts. (b) Continuous process (c) Coordination is a pervasive function. (d) Coordination is a deliberate function.

Question. Synchronisation of different actions is called :      (a) Coordination (b) Management (c) Planning (d) Organising

Question. Coordination is a :        (a) function of management (b) essence of management (c) feature of management (d) none of the above

Question. Coordination ensures planned objectives are      (a) communicated to everyone. (b) set up accurately. (c) achieved with minimum cost. (d) none of the above

Read the source given below and answer the following questions : Management consists of a series of interrelated functions that are performed by all managers, for examples, managers have to plan the objective of the firm, organise resources to achieve that objective, recruit and select employees who can implement these objectives. Giving directions, communicating and motivating these employees to achieve objectives effectively and efficiently and ultimately checking whether everything is going as per plan or not.

Question. By communicating and motivating, the manager performs which function of management ?      (a) Planning (b) Organising (c) Staffing (d) Directing

Question. By setting up of objective, management performs which function?        (a) Planning (b) Organising (c) Staffing (d) Directing

Question. By recruiting and selecting of employees for implementing the objectives, Manager performs which function?      (a) Planning (b) Organising (c) Staffing (d) Directing

Question. “Ultimately checking whether everything is going as per plan or not”, this line indicates which function of management? (a) Planning (b) Organising (c) Staffing (d) Controlling

Read the source given below and answer the following questions : Anil is a Managing director in a toy manufacturing company. He decided to set up a new manufacturing unit of his company in a rural area of Bihar where job opportunities are very less. He believes in using environmental friendly methods of production and aims at giving employment opportunities to the disadvantaged  section of the community As a manager he aims at reducing costs and increasing productivity through better planning, organizing, directing staffing and controlling the activities of the organization. Anil considers human resources as the greatest asset of any organization. Getting work done through others is a major task of a manager as per the views of Anil. As a manager Anil believes that his task is to make workers work towards achieving the organizations’ goals. 

Question. Identify the objective of management discussed in the given case (Choose the correct alternative) (a) Economic objective (b) Organizational objective (c) Social objective (d) Personal objective

Question. Identify the level of management at which Anil is working. (a) Top level management (b) Middle level management (c) Lower level management (d) Supervisory level management

Question. “Getting work done through others is a major task of a manager as per the views of Anil”. Which dimension of management is reflected by Anil’s view? (Choose the correct alternative) (a) Management of people (b) Management of work (c) Management of operations (d) Management of resources

Question. “As a manager, he aims at reducing costs and increasing productivity”. Name the importance of management highlighted in the given statement. (Choose the correct alternative) (a) Management helps in achieving group goals. (b) Management creates a dynamic organization. (c) Management increases efficiency. (d) Management helps in achieving personal objectives.

Read the source given below and answer the following questions : XOLO Power Ltd. set up a factory for manufacturing solar lanterns in a remote village as there was no reliable supply of electricity in rural areas. The revenue earned by the company was sufficient to cover the costs and the risks. As the demand of lanterns was increasing day by day, the company decided to increase production to generate higher sales. For this they decided to employ people from a nearby village as very few job opportunities were available in that area. The company also decided to open schools and creches for the children of its employees The General Manager of the company, Nishant believes that an organization should provide  good quality products and services, create employment opportunities and adapt new technology for the greater good of the people. According to him, in order to be successful, an organization must change itself and its goals according to the needs of the environment. As per Nishant’s viewpoint, in order to ensure success a  business needs to add to its prospects in the long run. He firmly believes that in order to remain in the industry, management must exploit fully the given resources.

Question. Which set of managerial objectives are mentioned in the given case. (Choose the correct alternative) (a) Personal objectives and social objectives (b) Social objectives and group objectives (c) Organizational objectives and social objectives (d) Organizational objectives and personal objectives

Question. Which organizational objective is mentioned in the given case. (Choose the correct alternative) (a) Survival (b) Growth (c) Profit (d) Operational efficiency

Question. “An organization must change itself and its goals according to the needs of the environment”. Identify, from the following alternatives, the characteristic of management discussed in the given statement. (Choose the correct alternative) (a) Management is multidimensional (b) Management is a goal oriented process (c) Management is a group activity (d) Management is a dynamic function

Question. “Nishant believes that an organization should provide good quality goods and services, create employment opportunities and adapt new technology for the greater good of the people”. Identify the importance of management mentioned in the given statement. (Choose the correct alternative) (a) Management increases efficiency (b) Management creates a dynamic organization (c) Management helps in the development of society (d) Management helps in achieving group goals

Read the source given below and answer the following questions : An organization is a collection of diverse individuals with different needs. Every member of the group has a different purpose of joining the organization but as members of the organization they work towards fulfilling the common organizational goal. Bhagwati Enterprises is also such an organization. The firm deals in manufacturing of shoes. The company’s margins are under pressure and the profits and market share are declining. The production department blames marketing for not meeting sales targets and marketing blames production department for producing goods, which are not of good quality meeting customers’ expectations. The finance department blames both production and marketing for declining returns on investment and poor marketing. On investigation the CEO of the company Mr. Gopal Rao found that the organization was lacking an important quality of management. This managerial quality aims at securing unity of action in the realization of the common purpose. It acts as the binding  force between the departments and ensures that all action is aimed at achieving the goals of the organization. 

Question. Identify the characteristic of managerial quality (identified in part (i)). Which is discussed in the given paragraph. (Choose the correct alternative) (a) It integrates group efforts (b) It ensures unity of action (c) It is an all pervasive function (d) It is the responsibility of all the managers

Question. According to you, which characteristic of management is lacking in Bhagwati Enterprises? (Choose the correct alternative) (a) Management is multidimensional (b) Management is a continuous process (c) Management is an intangible force (d) Management is a group activity

Question. “This managerial quality aims at securing unity of action in the realization of the common purpose”. Which managerial quality is being talked about in the given statement? (Choose the correct alternative) (a) Cooperation (b) Coordination (c) Effectiveness (d) Efficiency

Question.  Which one of the following functions is not performed by Mr. Gopal Rao as the CEO of the company. (a) Coordinating the activities of different departments. (b) Ensuring welfare and survival of the organization. (c) Assigning necessary duties and responsibilities to the workers. (d) Formulating overall organizational goals and strategies for their achievement.

Read the source given below and answer the following questions : Shilpa is working as a marketing head in an insurance company. She has been holding this position for long. She is an experienced manager who believes that organisations are  made up of people who have different personalities , backgrounds, experiences and objectives. According to her, people become part of the organization to satisfy their diverse needs.Shilpa is of the view that all organisations have to function in an environment that is constantly  changing. Hence, during the spread of Corona virus pandemic, she came up with new insurance products, which were designed as per the present needs and requirements of the customers. Soon the insurance products developed by Shilpa became a hit and the organization was able to achieve its goals. The goal of the organization  which Shilpa wanted to achieve acted as a vital incentive for the continued successful operation of the enterprise. Before developing the new products, Shilpa determined in advance what isto be done and who is to do it. She set goals in advance and developed a way of achieving them efficiently and effectively. 

Question.  Which importance of management is mentioned in the given case. (Choose the correct alternative) (a) Management increases efficiency (b) Management creates a dynamic organization (c) Management helps in the development of society. (d) Management helps in achieving group goals

Question.  “Before developing the new product, Shilpa determined in advance what is to be done and who is to do it. She set goals in advance and developed a way of achieving them efficiently and effectively”. Which managerial function is achieved by Shilpa here? (Choose the correct alternative) (a) Planning (b) Organizing (c) Directing (d) Controlling

Question. During the spread of coronavirus pandemic, Shilpa came up with new insurance products to ensure ____________ of the company in the long run. (a) Growth (b) Survival (c) Welfare (d) Profit

Question. “The goal of the organization which Shilpa wanted to achieve acted as a vital incentive for the continued successful operation of the enterprise”. Which goal of the organization Shilpa wanted to achieve? (a) Growth (b) Survival (c) Profit (d) Efficiency 

Read the source given below and answer the following questions : Sameer is a foreman in a factory. He directs all the members under him to follow the targets and advises them to put their efforts in the direction of the achievement of these targets. He leads, influences and motivates the workers to perform the tasks assigned to them. He encourages the employees to do their best. Sameer was assigned a target of 1,000 units in the month of July. For this he and his team had to operate on double shifts. Sameer was able to achieve the production target but at a higher production cost.  

Question. Name the function of management Sameer is performing in the above paragraph.(Choose the correct alternative) (a) Planning (b) Organisaing (c) Directing (d) Controlling

Question. Which of the following functions is performed by Sameer as a foreman. (a) Interpreting the policies formed by top management (b) Assigning necessary duties and responsibilities to the workers. (c) Directly overseeing the efforts of the workers (d) Coordinating the activities of different departments.

Question. With reference to the above case, Sameer believes in motivation, teamwork , communication and achievement of objectives. Sameer in the given case is ………………….. . (Fill in the blank with the correct alternative) (a) Effective (b) Efficient (c) Cooperative (d) Goal oriented 

Question. At which level of management, Sameer is working . (Choose the correct alternative) (a) Top level management (b) Middle level management (c) Lower level management (d) None of the above 

Read the source given below and answer the following questions : Sana is the branch manager of ABC Handicrafts Pvt. Ltd. The company’s objective is to promote the sales of Indian handloom and handicraft products. It sells fabrics, furnishings, readymades and household items made out of  traditional Indian fabrics. Sana decides quantities, variety, colour and texture of all the above items and then allocates resources for their purchase from different suppliers. She appoints a team of designers and crafts people in the company, who developed some prints for bed covers in bright colours on silk. Although the products looked very attractive and impressive, they were relatively expensive on the front of affordability for an average customer. Sana suggested that they should keep the silk bed covers for special festive occasions and offer the cotton bed covers on a regular basis to keep costs under control. 

Question. With reference to the above case, at which level of management Sana is working? (a) Lower level (b) Top level (c) Middle level (d) Shop floor

Question. “She appoints a team of designers and crafts people in the company, who developed some prints for bed covers in bright colour on silk.” Which function of management is highlighted in this context? (a) Controlling (b) Staffing (c) Planning (d) Directing 

Question. In the above case “company’s objective is to promote the sales of Indian handloom and handicraft products.” The above line focuses on which feature of management? (a) Management is an intangible force (b) Management is a goal oriented process (c) Management is pervasive in nature (d) Management is a continuous process 

Question. “Sana suggested that they should keep the silk bed covers for special festive occasions and offer the cotton bed covers on a regular basis to keep costs under control”. Which function of management is highlighted in this context?  (a) Controlling (b) Staffing (c) Organizing (d) Planning 

Read the source given below and answer the following questions : Alcargo Ltd is a operating its business on large scale. Co. realizes that human resources are the most important assets of its business, So HRM Department is set up to show a developmental path to the employees through proper training modules and joben richment. Time to time incentives and awards are given to employees which was based on their performance, which keeps the employees highly motivated. Ravi , just a graduate inhumanities is appointed as the Plant superintendent in the company. Ravi knew that there are certain theories and principles of management based on deep observation and experimentation. So, he studied various theories and principles of management before joining the Company. Ravi is very energetic and he likes to deal with severe situations.On August 20th, He informed his boss that the goal he had been assigned had been achieved and the quality was also very good. The best part is that there is one day left for the deadline ,which is August 21.However,his boss was dissatisfied because the expenses incurred by his team to complete the project exceeded the upper limit (norms).

Question. Which objective of management is pursued by management of Alcargo Ltd.: (a) Organizational objectives (b) Social objectives (c) Personal objectives (d) None of these 

Question. Identify the feature of profession which is not applicable here – “Ravi, just a graduate in humanities is appointed as the Plant superintendent in the company.’ (a) Well defined body of knowledge (b)Restricted Entry (c)Ethical code of conduct (d)Service Motive 

Question. Which aspect of management is violated by Ravi in above case? (a) Planning (b) Efficiency (c) Effectiveness (d) Controlling 

Question. Identify the nature of management highlighted inthisline-“Ravi knew that there are certain theories and principles of management based on deep observation and experimentation.” (a) Management as Profession (b) Management as Science (c) Management as an Art (d)None of the above 

Question. Which aspect of management is followed by Ravi in above case? (a) Planning (b) Efficiency (c) Effectiveness (d) Controlling 

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Chapter-wise Business Studies Case Studies Class 12 Solved Pdf 2023-24

• CBSE Board , Class 12th
• Last Updated On April 2, 2024

Business studies case studies class 12 are available for students to practice on this page. The Central Board of secondary education has changed the paper pattern and now asks more case studies than direct questions. Business studies class 12 case studies with solutions are provided to students such that they can easily assess their performance with the solutions provided. The business studies class 12 case studies pdf download is available for students.

Business Studies is a main subject of the Commerce Stream in class 12th that helps students to understand how businesses are crucial for the economy. As the present students are the future of the nation. So, if any student wants to establish their own business then the basic learnings will serve them practically that is beyond academics. NCERT Books for Class 12 Business Studies are designed on the CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Syllabus.

Students can also go through the CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Sample Paper and business studies previous year question papers to practice more and score well in the 12th Boards. VidyaSetu is one of the leading Online portals that is known for providing Free Online Video Lectures by subject experts. Every Online Class is based on a particular chapter of Business Studies in a way to develop a deep understanding so that students can themselves solve business studies case studies in class 12 . Business case study examples are provided in such a way that students can get an idea of every topic’s case studies. Business case studies with solutions are provided on this page below. Students can also find the Business Studies class 12 question bank pdf and business studies book at VidyaSetu.

Also Check: Accounts Project Class 11

Important chapters of Business Studies

Part A: Principles and Functions of Management

• Nature and Significance of Management
• Principles of Management
• Business Environment
• Controlling

Part B: Business Finance and Marketing

• Financial Management
• Financial Markets
• Marketing Management

Chapter-wise Business Studies Class 12 Case Studies With Solutions-

Business studies case studies class 12 has become the most important question as it is tricky and at the same time needs an absolute understanding of the topic. Earlier CBSE used to ask direct questions regarding the meaning, advantages, or disadvantages but now they ask business case studies. This is the case as the central board of secondary education felt that there should be more understanding in business studies so that students could apply it practically in the near future. Business case studies examples are given below with solutions of business studies case studies class 12.

Watch Youtube Video Lectures that will help you solve business studies case studies class 12 For all chapters

Youtube Lecture- 25- Multiple Choice Question: Principles of Management

Youtube Lecture- 26- Long Answer Question: Principles of Management

Youtube Lecture- 39- Short Answer Question

Youtube Lecture- 40- Long Answer Question

Youtube Lecture- 72- Business Environment, MCQs

Youtube Lecture- 73- Short Answer Question

Youtube Lecture- 74- Long Answer Questions

Tips to Solve Case Study Questions in Business Studies

Let’s attempt to understand and solve the case study questions for business studies in class 12. As was already established, two books cover the full syllabus. Students should carefully read the NCERT book because it has been written in clear, basic English. Despite being just theory, the exam is quite difficult.

• Read the passage in depth.
• Try to comprehend the situation and focus on the questions asked.
• Generally, the passage given in Business Studies is lengthy, but the solutions are brief and simple.
• Can follow a reversal pattern, i.e. read the questions before and then search for the answers. You will save time.
• Answer briefly and precisely.
• Focus on solidifying key Business Studies fundamentals for acing any case study. If your concepts are clear, you can answer them quickly.
• While answering the case study, pick the keywords or any keyline based on which you withdraw your conclusion. You need to highlight the reason for your answer.

If these simple concepts are kept in mind, students can do well on case study-based problems in class 12 Business Studies.

Benefits Of Solving Business Studies Class 12 Case Studies With Solutions

• It helps students in understanding what kind of questions can come in the business studies examination and also test their knowledge and preparation.
• Students will get aware of answers and the board exam paper pattern.
• Candidates can analyze their preparation for the coming exam by solving the previous year’s question papers.
• Candidates will also understand how to manage to complete the exam on time.
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NCERT Solution for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 1 - Nature and Significance of Management

NCERT Solutions are helpful books while preparing for the CBSE Class 12 Business Studies examinations. These Solutions of NCERT are collated by the subject matter experts to help students grasp the concepts easily.

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Short Answer Questions for NCERT Business Studies Solutions Class 12 Chapter 1

1. Define management.

The process of getting things done with the purpose of achieving goals efficiently and effectively is called management. In other words, management can be defined as the process of planning, organising, staffing and controlling so as to achieve the goal of the organisation with minimal resource usage.

2. Name any two important characteristics of management .

Two important characteristics of management are a pervasive and continuous process. It is pervasive as the impact of management spans all aspects of business, irrespective of the organisation, while it is a continuous process as it performs various functions like planning, organising, directing, staffing and controlling simultaneously.

3. Ritu is the manager of the Northern division of a large corporate house. At what level does she work in the organisation? What are her basic functions?

Ritu functions as the middle-level management in the organisation. She works as a link between the top-level management and workers. The following will be her basic functions:

1. Understanding the policies set by the top management.

2. Communicating with the top and low levels of management.

3. Motivate employees to achieve productivity.

4. Coordinate with cross-functional heads to maintain transparency.

5. Assigning tasks to various departments under control.

4. Why is management considered a multi-faceted concept?

It is regarded as a multi-faceted concept due to the following reasons:

1. It involves managing the work, which is meeting the objectives over a period of time. It can also be said to be the goals that need to be achieved.

2. Work is done by the people, therefore, managing the people is a very important part of management which can be in the form of teams or groups of individuals. Management helps in identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the people.

3. An organisation will be involved in production where inputs get transformed into products or some kind of service. There needs to be continuous monitoring of such production processes to ensure proper output. Here, management is required.

5. Discuss the basic features of management as a profession.

The following are the basic features of management as a profession:

1. Management is a systematic and well-defined body of knowledge which consists of various theories and guiding principles. Such knowledge can be obtained through books and enrolling in management courses.

2. Management is regulated by a professional association which looks at the functions of its members. In India, AIMA, or the All India Management Association, is the governing body for managers. Joining the organisation is not compulsory.

3. Professional knowledge is a required criterion and is given preference over degrees. The lack of professional experience is a deterrent for people looking to choose a profession.

4. Only through proper management the business will grow. The guiding principles will help in ensuring the smooth functioning of the organisation. Quality goods and services can be made available with management.

Long Answer Questions for NCERT Business Studies Solutions Class 12 Chapter 1

1. Management is considered to be both an art and a science. Explain.

Management can be regarded as both an art as well as a science from the following points:

A. Management as Art

1. Management has a well-defined literature which is required for gathering knowledge in the theories and accelerating learning. There are many examples of management literature which is available such as Taylor’s Scientific Management Theory and Henry Fayol’s 14 Principles of Management. These theories help in understanding the various concepts of management.

2. Management knowledge can be utilised by everyone in their own way, very much like arts where words can be expressed in the form of writing differently by different poets and music notes arranged by musicians to perform a musical piece, or the use of colours by a painter to draw vivid paintings. Similarly, managers use various theories and principles in trying situations to make use of management knowledge.

3. Arts is all about expressing and innovating using creativity, such as two artists will enact the same scene in two different ways. Similarly, two different managers will be managing the situation differently. Sometimes managers can come up with innovative and fresh ideas to address the situation.

Management as Science

1. Science is a systematic discipline, and management also shares similar characteristics. Like science, management also relies upon theories and principles to address issues that arise. Management has a separate vocabulary and terms that it uses to define certain processes.

2. Theories in science have been developed after prolonged observation and repeated experiments. Similarly, to some extent, management also bases its theories on regular observation and experiments, such theories will act as guidelines for management in the long run.

3. Scientific theories have universal validity, and in management, we also see the principles are to some extent universally valid, and some can change as per the situation. Such theories and principles can be used as basic information for training managers.

2. Do you think management has the characteristics of a full-fledged profession?

Management does not have the characteristics of a full-fledged profession, but it does have some qualities which make it eligible to be called a profession. These are mentioned below.

2. Management is regulated by a professional association which looks at the functions of its members. In India, AIMA or, the All India Management Association, is the governing body for managers. Joining the organisation is not compulsory.

5. All business organisations look to provide the best services to the people at the best quality, thereby serving society.

3. Coordination is the essence of management. Do you agree? Give reasons.

Coordination is essential in management as it helps in binding together all other functions of the management. All the activities, such as sales, purchase and production, are based on coordination with management. The following points will help establish coordination as the essence of management:

1. The combination of efforts of all the groups increases productivity and also provides a common focus to all the group efforts.

2. It is a continuous process and is not a one-time effort. Coordination begins at the planning stage and is concluded at the controlling stage.

3. Coordination is a pervasive function, as it is required at all levels of management. As all management activities are interdependent, coordination improves the efforts at various levels among all departments.

4. It ensures that all the combined efforts of the departments act as a unity which binds all actions together and helps an organisation achieve goals in a better way.

5. It is a deliberate function, as everyone is performing it deliberately. The tasks are done with the objective of achieving the objectives and goals of the organisation.

6. All the departments come together and communicate regarding the work to be done in an organisation. This communication requires coordination among employees.

4. A successful enterprise has to achieve its goals effectively and efficiently. Explain .

Management is defined as the process of getting things done with the purpose of achieving goals efficiently and effectively. The terms effective and efficient are key terms in management and play an important role in the functioning of management.

Effectiveness refers to the process of completing a given work in the time provided. It is the process of doing a task with a primary focus on end result. It is considered a very important aspect of management which helps in achieving goals. Efficiency is the process of completing a given task with minimal use of resources and cost.

For an organisation to be successful, both these factors play a critical role in meeting the objectives of the organisation. Effectiveness helps in achieving the defined goals, while efficiency helps in achieving that with minimum resources and cost. Reducing the cost and resources brings profits for the organisation and also increases it. Therefore, it is essential for an organisation to focus on both effectiveness and efficiency. It is important to complete the work on time, along with minimum resources. Similarly, it is essential to reduce the cost of production and finish the production at the decided time. Hence, successful companies need to be both efficient and effective at the same time in order to gain profits in the long run.

5. Management is a series of continuous, interrelated functions. Comment.

Management is a series of continuous, interrelated functions. It can be explained with the help of the following points:

Management comprises the following functions that work together:

1. Planning: It is the process of determining what works need to be done, who will do it and how it should be done. It involves setting up goals which need to be achieved and determining the ways in which they can be achieved. It helps in laying down a framework based on which the activities can be implemented. It is often said to be the most important step in management.

2. Organising: Planning is followed by Organising. It is the process of identifying tasks and the appropriate resources that are required for executing the plan. Organising allots separate tasks to different departments with a defined plan. The hierarchy is well established, which leads to work being carried out with efficiency and effectiveness.

3. Staffing: Staffing is the process of allotting specialised personnel for specialised work. In other words, hiring the right person for the job. It is a part of human resources and involves hiring and training people.

4. Directing: It is one of the important functions of a manager, which involves directing the human resources to work in an effective manner. It also involves providing motivation to the workers so as to drive productivity.

5. Controlling: Controlling is necessary as it checks if the assigned work is progressing in the right direction or not. It generally involves assessing the work done with the goals of the organisations. By measuring the extent of work, managers ensure that there is no error or discrepancy. If any such errors surface, then appropriate steps will be undertaken so as to rectify the issue.

So, all these make us understand that management functions are interdependent on each other in order to function properly.

The NCERT Solution for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 1 – Nature and Significance of Management provide us with a brief presentation of the concepts. It furnishes a clear picture of what are the nature and Significance of Management.

• Definition of Management – Management is the process according to which a cooperative group directs the actions of others towards common goals.
• Concepts of Management
• Traditional concept
• Modern concept

The NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 1 provide a broad degree of illustrative examples, which helps the students to comprehend and learn quickly. The above-mentioned are the topics covered in the Class 12 CBSE syllabus. For more solutions and study materials of NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies, visit BYJU’S or download the app for the best learning experience.

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CBSE Class 12 Case Studies In Business Studies – Nature and Significance of Management

Management: Definition Management is the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals working together in groups efficiently and effectively accomplish selected goals.

Objectives of Management

• Use eco-friendly methods
• Generate employment opportunities
• Fair wages and salary
• Good working conditions
• Growth prospects

Effectiveness: Definition According to Koontz, “Effectiveness means doing the right thing.” It means taking correct decisions and actions in every situation to achieve the targets.

Importance of Management

• Management helps in achieving group goals.
• Management increases efficiency of the employees.
• Management creates a dynamic organization.
• Management helps in achieving personal objectives.
• Management helps in the development of society.

Features of Management

• Management is goal oriented as it seeks to integrate the efforts of different individuals towards the accomplishment of both organizational and individual goals.
• Management is pervasive as it is applicable to all types of organizations (economic, social and political), all sizes of organization (small, medium and large) and at all levels of management (top, middle and lower).
• Management of work i.e. to translate the work in terms of goals to be achieved and to assign the means to achieve it.
• Management of people, which implies dealing with employees as individuals with diverse needs and also as a group of people.
• Management of operations, in order to ensure the conversion of inputs into desired outputs for consumption.
• Management is a continuous process as it is a series of continuous, composite, but separate functions i.e. planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling to be performed simultaneously all the time till an organization exists.
• Management is a group activity requiring team work and coordination of the efforts of the diverse individuals in a common direction.
• Management is a dynamic function as a business operates in an ever changing environment and this necessitates a constant review and revision of its goals and operations so as to adapt itself effectively to these changes.
• Management is an intangible force which cannot be seen but the good quality of management is reflected through various indicators like achievement of goals, satisfaction among employees etc.

Functions of Management

• Managment as a process contains a series of interrelated and interdependent functions namely, planning, organising, staffing, directing and controlling.
• Planning relates to determining in advance what is to be done and who is to do it.
• Organizing is the process of bringing together human, physical and financial resources and establishing productive relations among them for the purpose of achieving the desired goals efficiently and effectively.
• Staffing involves manning the organizational structure in order to fill in the roles designed into the structure.
• Directing involves leading, influencing and motivating employees to perform the tasks assigned to them.
• Controlling is the management function of ensuring that events conform to plans.

Functions of Levels of Management

COORDINATION

Coordination: Definition Coordination is the process of integrating the individual and group efforts in pursuit of common goals.

Importance of Coordination

• Growth in size: With the growth in the size of an organisation, there is a proportionate increase in the number of its employees.So there is a greater need to unify the efforts of diverse individuals towards the realisation of organisational goals.
• Functional differentiation: As a result of functional differentiation in an organisation, its people and activities get divided into It facilitates the achievement of desired  objectives with minimum conflicts by providing the necessary amount, quality, timing and sequence of efforts.small departments on the basis of functions like marketing, finance etc. Therefore, there is a need to reconcile the goals pursued by each of the departments with the goals of the organisation as a whole.
• Specialisation: More number of specialists are deployed in the present day organizations keeping in mind the need for specialisation due to greater complexity and diversity in their way of functioning. In order to integrate the different approaches, interests or opinion of the specialists and resolve conflicts between them, coordination is essential

Features of Coordination:

• It integrates group efforts into purposeful work activity.
• It ensures unity of action as it acts as a binding force between and among departments.
• It is a continuous on-going process as it is required till an organisation exists.
• It is all pervasive as it is required at all levels of management.
• It is the responsibility of all managers however the scope of their operations varies.
• It is a deliberate function.

Coordination – The Essence of Management:

• Although sometimes coordination is considered a separate function of management, it is the essence of management. It helps in creating harmony among individual efforts towards the realization of group goals.
• It is the force that binds all the other functions of management.
• It is the common thread that runs through all organizational activities like production, marketing, finance etc. to ensure continuity in the business operations.
• It prevails through all the functions of management starting from the planning stage itself. The organizational structure is developed in line with the plans. The staffing function is carried out in accordance with the organizational structure. The directing function is performed by guiding, inspiring and motivating employees in the desired manner. The controlling function helps to take care of any discrepancies between actual and planned activities.
• If facilities the achievement of desired objectives with minimum conflicts by providing the necessary amount, quality, timing and sequence of efforts.

LATEST CBSE QUESTIONS

Question 1: Ashutosh Goenka was working in ‘Axe Ltd.’, a company manufacturing air purifiers. He found that the profits has started declining from the last six months. Profit has an implication for the survival of the firm, so he analysed the business environment to find out the reasons for this decline.

• Identify the level of management at which Ashutosh Goenka was working.
• State three other functions being performed by Ashutosh Goenka.

Answer: Ashutosh Goenka was working at top level of management. The three functions being performed by him at this level are outlined below:

• He is responsible for formulating the overall organizational goals and strategies.
• He is responsible for all the business activities and its impact on society.
• He has to coordinate the activities of different departments in pursuit of common goals.

Question 2: Rishitosh Mukerjee has recently joined AMV Ltd, a company manufacturing refrigerators. He found that his department was under-staffed and other departments were not cooperating with his deparment for smooth functioning of the organisation. Therefore, he ensured that his department has the required number of employees and its cooperation with other deparments is improved.

• Idenfity the level at which Rishitosh Mukerjee was working.
• Also, state three more functions required to be performed by Rishitosh Mukerjee at this level.

Answer: Rishitosh Mukerjee is working at middle level of the management. The three more functions that he has to perform at this level are stated below:

• He has to assign duties and responsibilities to the people in his department.
• He has to motivate the people in his department to achieve the desired objectives.
• He has to interpret the policies framed by top management.

Question 3: Sridhar’s father is working as a section in-charge in a government office. Identify the level of management at which he is working? State any five functions that he has to perform at this level. Answer: Sridhar’s father is working as a section in-charge in a government office. He is working at the lower level of management. He has to perform the following functions at this level of management:

• He has to directly oversee the efforts of the workforce.
• He has to serve as a link between the workers and middle level managers.
• He has to ensure sufficient availability of resources and good quality of output.
• He has to provide guidance and training to workers.
• He has to ensure that good working conditions are provided to the workers.

Question 4: Mega Ltd. manufactured water-heaters. In the first year of its operations, the revenue earned by the company was just sufficient to meet its costs. To increase the revenue, the company analysed the reasons behind the less revenues. After analysis, the company decided:

• to reduce the labour costs by shifting the manufacturing unit to a backward area where labour was available at a very low rate.
• to start manufacturing solar water-heaters and reduce the production of electric water- heaters slowly.

This will not only help in covering the risks but also help in meeting other objectives.

• Identify and explain the objectives of management discussed above.
• State any two values which the company wanted to communicate to society.
• Organisational objectives: An organisation strives to achieve multiple organizational objectives in the interest of its stakeholders like owners, employees etc.The main organizational objectives are survival, profit and growth.
• Social Objectives: It is the obligation of every organisation to undertake such activities which will benefit the society at large like using eco-friendly methods, contributing towards weaker sections of the society, generating employment opportunities, promoting literacy etc.
• Rural development
• Environment sustainability

Question 5: XYZ Power Ltd. set up a factory for manufacturing solar lanterns in a remote village as there was no reliable supply of electricity in rural areas. The revenue earned by the company was sufficient to cover the costs and the risks. As the demand of lanterns was increasing day- by-day, the company decided to increase production to generate higher sales. For this/they decided to employ people from a nearby village as very few job opportunities were available in that area. The company also decided to open schools and creches for the children of its employees.

• State any two values which the company wanted to communicate to the society.
•  Organisational objectives: An organisation strives to achieve multiple organizational objectives in the interest of its stakeholders like owners, employees etc. The main organisational objectives are survival, profit and growth.
• Promoting literacy

Question 6: Your grandfather has retired as the Director of a manufacturing company. At what level of management was he working? What functions do you think he was performing at that level? State any two, Answer: : Since he has retired from the post of Director of a manufacturing company, he was working at the top level of management. The main functions that he was performing at this level are outlined below:

• He was responsible for the success and failure of the organization.
• He was responsible for all the business activities and its impact on society.
• He had to coordinate the activities of different departments in pursuit of common goals.

Question 7: Ritu is the manager of the northern division of a large corporate house. At what level does she work in the organisation? What are her basic functions? OR Your grandfather has retired from an organisation in which he was responsible for implementing the plans developed by the top management. At which level of management was he working? State one more function performed at this level. OR Deepak’s father has retired as a purchase manager of a company. At what level of management was he working? What function do you think he was performing at that level of management? OR Dheeraj is working as an Operations Manager in Tifco Ltd. Name the managerial level at which he is working. State any four functions he will perform as the Operations Manager in this company. OR Rajat is working as a Regional Manager in Tifco Ltd. Name the level at which he is working. State any four functions he will perform as the Regional Manager in this company. Answer: : Ritu / grandfather / Deepak’s father / Deeraj / Rajat, all of them are working at the middle level of management. The four functions that he will have to perform at this level are stated below:

• He has to ensure that his department has the necessary staff.
• He has to co-operate with the other departments for ensuring smooth functioning of the organization.

Question 8: Vaibhav Garments Ltd/s target is to produce 10,000 shirts per month at a cost of ?150 per shirt. The production manager could achieve this target at the cost of ?160 per shirt. Do you think the production manager is effective? Give reasons for your answer. Answer: Yes, the production manager of Vaibhav Garments Ltd. is effective as he could achieve the target to produce 10,000 shirts in a month.

Question 9: Mr. Nitin Singhania’s father has a good business of iron and steel. He wants to go to the USA for his MBA but his father thinks that he should join the business. On the basis of emerging- trends, do you think that Mr. Singhania should send his son to the USA? Give any three reasons in support of your answer. Answer: Yes, according to me, Mr. Singhania should send his son to USA for his MBA because management is being recognised as a profession to a great extent because of the following reasons:

• Well defined body of knowledge: Management is considered to be a well-defined body of knowledge that can be acquired through instructions. As a separate discipline, it contains a set of theories and principles formulated by various management experts. Moreover, it is taught in various schools and colleges all over the world.
• Ethical code of conduct: Management, in practice, like other professions, is bound by a code of conduct which guides the behaviour of its members. Therefore, acquiring a degree in management will equip him with the good managerial,, skills and approach.
• Service motive: A good management course will provide him an insight into the multiple goals that an organisation should pursue. This knowledge will help him to serve both the objectives of profit maximization and social welfare effectively for his company.

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

Question 1: Jayant is working as Head Relationship Manager in the wealth management division of a private sector bank. He has created an internal environment which is conducive to an effective and efficient performance of his team of ten relationship management executive” A typical day at work in Jay ant’s life consists of a series of interrelated and continue functions. He decides the targets for his department which are in line with the objectives of the organization as a whole. The future course of action for his team members is laid out well in advance. The various resources required by the relationship managers like an iPad with GPS system, account opening forms, brochures, details of account holders etc. are made readily available to them. The executives are given sufficient authority to carry out the work assigned to them. Jayant works in close coordination with the Human Resource Manager in order to ensure that he is able to create and maintain a satisfactory and satisfied workforce in his department.Through constant guidance and motivation, Jayant inspires them to realise their full potential. He offers them various types of incentives from time to time keeping in view their diverse individual needs.Moreover, he keeps a close watch on their individual performances in order to ensure that they are in accordance with the standards set and takes corrective actions whenever needed. In context of the above case:

• Identify the concept being referred to in the following line, “He has created an internal environment which is conducive to an effective and efficient performance of his team of ten relationship management executives.”
• Identify and describe the various functions of the concept as identified in part (a) of the question by quoting lines from the paragraph.
• The concept of management is being referred to in the following line, “He has created an internal environment which is conducive to an effective and efficient performance of his team of ten relationship management executives.”
• Planning: It is the function of determining in advance what is to be done and who is to do it. “He decides the targets for his department which are in line with the objectives of the organization as a whole. The future course of actions for the team members are laid out well in advance.”
• Organising: Organising is the process of bringing together human, physical and financial resources and establishing productive relations among them for the purpose of achieving the desired goals efficiently and effectively. “The various resources required by the relationship managers like an iPad with GPS system, account opening forms, brochures, details of account holders etc. are made readily available to them. The executives are given sufficient authority to carry out the work assigned to them.”
• Staffing: The managerial function of staffing involves manning the organisational structure in order to fill in the roles designed into the structure. “Jayant works in close coordination with the human resource manager in order to ensure that he is able to create and maintain a satisfactory and satisfied workforce in his department.”
• Directing: Directing involves leading, influencing and motivating employees to perform the tasks assigned to them. “Through constant guidance and motivation, Jayant inspires them to realise their full potential. He offers them various types of incentives from time to time keeping in view their diverse individual needs.”
• Controlling: Controlling is the management function of ensuring that events conform to plans.”Moreover, he keeps a close watch on their individual performances in order to ensure that they are in accordance with the standards set and takes corrective actions whenever needed.”

Question 2: Sooraj works as a salesman in a company selling pet accessories and food. He has been given a target of selling 1200 units of the food packets in a month by offering a maximum of 10% discount to his customers. In order to meet his monthly sales target, on the last two days of the month, he offers 15% discount to his customers. In the context of the above case: Is Sooraj effective in his work? Explain by giving a suitable reason in support of your answer. Answer: Yes, Sooraj is effective in his work as he has been able to meet his monthly sales target of selling 1200 units of the food packets.

Question 3: Sujata works as a designer in an export house. As per the terms of an order received by the export house, she has to get 1000 units of denim jackets made in 15 days @ ? 2000 per jacket. She is able to complete her target production in 20 days because in order to complete the order in 15 days she would have made the workers work over time. As a result, the cost of production per jacket may have increased by ? 100. In the context of the above case: Is Sujata efficient in her work? Explain by giving a suitable reason in support of your answer. Answer: Yes, Sujata is efficient in her work as she has been able to get 1000 units of denim jackets made @ ? 2000 per jacket.

Question 4: Anju and Manju are good friends. Considering the fact that the activities involved in managing an enterprise are common to all organizations, after completing their masters in business management, both of them take up a job at managerial level in different organizations as per their individual areas of interest. Anju takes up a marketing job in a retail company and strives to increase sales whereas Manju joins an NGO and works diligently to realize its objective related to providing employment to specially abled persons. Both of them have to perform a series of continuous, composite, but separate functions. On some days, Anju may spend more time in planning a future display layout and on another day, she may spend time in sorting out an employee’s problem. Both Anju and Manju make conscious efforts to build a feeling of team spirit and coordination among diverse individuals with different needs who work under them. The effect of their management is noticeable in their respective departments as the targets are met according to plans, employees are happy and satisfied, and there is orderliness in its functioning rather than chaos. In context of the above case: Identify the various features of management highlighted in the above paragraph by quoting lines from it. Answer: The various features of management highlighted in the above paragraph are stated below:

• Management is all pervasive: “Considering the fact that the activities involved in managing an enterprise are common to all organizations, after completing their masters in business management, both of them take up a job at managerial level in different organizations as per their individual areas of interest.”
• Management is a goal-oriented process: “Anju takes up a marketing job in a retail company and strives to increase sales whereas Manju joins an NGO and works diligently to realize its objective related to providing employment to specially abled persons.”
• Management is a continuous process: “Both of them have to perform a series of continuous, composite, but separate functions. Like on some days, Anju may spend more time in planning a future display layout and on another day, she may spend time in sorting out an employee’s problem.”
• Management is a group activity: “Both Anju and Manju make conscious efforts to build a feeling of team spirit and coordination among diverse individuals with different needs who work under them.”
• Management is an intangible force: “The effect of their management is noticeable in their respective departments as the targets are met according to plans, employees are happy and satisfied, and there is orderliness in its functioning rather than chaos.”

Question 5: Real Alliance Ltd. is a well-known cement company in India. It is able to earn adequate revenues to cover costs. Its capital base, number of employees and production turnover has increased manifolds over the years. The rate of profitability of the business is also creditable. The employees of the company are happy and satisfied with their remuneration, working conditions, promotion policy etc. As a part of its moral obligation, the company has taken many initiatives for providing employment to specially abled persons and promoting literacy in the villages adopted by it. In the context of the above case:

• Identify and explain the various types of objectives of management being fulfilled by Real Alliance Ltd by quoting lines from the paragraph.
• List any two values that Real Alliance Ltd. wants to communicate to the society.

Answer: The various objectives of management being fulfilled by Real Alliance Ltd are stated below:

• Survival: “It is able to earn adequate revenues to cover costs.”
• Growth: “Its capital base, number of employees and production turnover has increased manifolds over the years.”
• Profit: “The rate of profitability of the business is also creditable.”
• Personal objectives: These objectives relate to the needs of the employees of the organization which must be given due consideration. “The employees of the company are happy and satisfied with their remuneration, working conditions, promotion policy etc.”
• Social objectives: It is expected that every organization should undertake certain initiatives for the welfare of the society at large. “As a part of its moral obligation, the company has taken many initiatives for providing employment to specially abled persons and promoting literacy in the villages adopted by it.”
• Social welfare
• Respect for their employees

Question 6: Esha works as the cost and risk management head of a company in power sector. As a result of her excellent managerial competence, the company is able to reduce costs and increase productivity. The company belongs to infrastructure sector, wherein regular amendments are made in the government regulations and policies. She holds regular meetings to ensure that people in her department are not only aware of the related changes but are also able to adapt to these changes effectively. This helps the company to maintain its competitive edge. She motivates and leads her team in such a manner that individual members are able to achieve personal goals while contributing to the overall organisational objective. In the process of fulfilling her duties for the growth of the organisation, she helps in providing competitive services, adopting new technology, creating more employment opportunities etc. for the greater good of the people at large. In context of the above case: Identify the various reasons that have made management so important by quoting lines from the paragraph. Answer: The various reasons mentioned in the above paragraph that have made management so important are stated below:

• Management increases efficiency as it leads to reduction in costs due to optimum utilisation of resources. “As a result of her excellent managerial competence the company is able to reduce costs and increase productivity.”
• Management creates a dynamic organisation so that it is able to incorporate the corresponding changes in its working with any change in its business environment. “The company belongs to infrastructure sector, wherein regular amendments are made in the government regulations and policies. She holds regular meetings to ensure that people in her department are not only aware of the related changes but are also able to adapt to these changes effectively. This helps the company to maintain its competitive edge.”
• Management helps in achieving personal objectives of the employees in the organisation. “She motivates and leads her team in such a manner that individual members are able to achieve personal goals while contributing to the overall organisational objective.” “The employees of the company are happy and satisfied with their remuneration, working conditions, promotion policy etc.”
• Management helps in the development of society by contributing effectively towards it in multiple ways.”In the process of fulfilling her duties for the growth of the organization, she helps in providing competitive services, adopting new technology, creating more employment opportunities etc. for the greater good of the people at large.”

Question 7: Ramarjuna joins an IT firm as a system analyst after completing his masters in Computer Science. As the nature of his work demands he has to work in very close coordination with all the departmental heads in the firm, very soon Ramarjuna realizes that each departmental head has own individual style of working. They differ greatly in their day-to-day approach to work. They tend to deal with a given situation, an issue or a problem through a combination of their own experience, creativity, imagination, initiative and innovation. In the context of the above case: Identify and explain the nature of management highlighted in the above case. Answer: In the above case, management is being considered as an art. Art is the skillful and personal application of existing knowledge to achieve desired results. The evaluation of management as an art is given below:

• Existence of theoretical knowledge: Art presupposes the existence of certain knowledge. Management fulfills this criterion as there exist a number of theories and principles on management which have been formulated by various management experts.
• Personalised applications: Art is a personalised concept. Management fulfills this criterion as a good manager works through a combination of his own experience, creativity, imagination, initiative and innovation to carry out the assigned work.
• Based on practice and creativity: All art is practical. Management fulfills this criterion as a person becomes a better manager with constant practice and experience. This also leads to emergence of different styles of management.

Question 8: Dharam is a well-known businessman in the field of publishing. He owes the success of his business to his own education in business management and his team of certified management consultants. Therefore, he decides to send both his children Danush and Damini abroad to acquire a degree in business management in their individual area of expertise. He feels that all over the world there is marked growth in management as a discipline, but still it is not considered to be a full-fledged profession for certain reasons. In the context of the above case:

• Explain the reasons because of which Dharam considers management as a discipline.
• Critically examine the various reasons because of which management is not considered to be a full-fledged profession.
• Dharam considers management as a discipline because there exist a number of theories and principles on management which have been formulated by various management experts. It is taught in various schools and colleges, all over the world, as a separate subject of study.
• Restricted entry. Unlike management, the entry to the other professions is restricted through an examination or eligibility criteria like specific percentage in a particular degree or diploma. However, management as profession does not fulfill this criterion as anyone can be called a manager regardless of his/her academic qualifications.
• Professional association: Unlike managers, all working professionals have to be a member of an affiliated professional association which regulates their entry, grants certificate of practice and formulates and enforces code of conduct. For example,the practicing lawyers have to be a member of Bar Council of India, the practicing doctors should have membership of All India Medical Association etc. However, in case of management, although there exist several management associations like the AIMA (All India Management Association), neither does it have any statutory backing nor is it mandatory for the practicing managers to a member of such associations.

Question 9: Kartik joins a garment factory as a plant supervisor in Lucknow. He observes that the output of some workers is very low as compared to the standards set for their performance. On analyzing the reasons for the same, he finds out that a lot of time of the workers is wasted in getting the requisite materials issued from the store. Whereas on asking, the store keeper complains that there is no harmony in the working of the production department as a whole. Everyday the workers approach him at the last minute to procure different kinds of threads, laces, mirrors, buttons etc. If it is not available in the store then he has to place an order with the purchase officer. As a result, a lot of time of the workers is wasted. So, in order to integrate the various production activities, henceforth, Kartik ensures,that the store keeper is informed well three days in advance about the requisite material. Consequently, the store keeper is able to keep the materials ready for the workers every morning in accordance with their requirements. In context of the above case:

• Identify and explain the quality of management that Kartik has introduced in the working of the production department as a corrective measure to control the output of the workers.
• State briefly any two points highlighting the importance of quality of management identified in part (a).
• Coordination is the quality of management that Kartik has introduced in the working of the production department as a corrective measure to control the output of the workers. Coordination is the process which helps to integrate the efforts of different individuals with diverse needs to secure a unity of action in the pursuit of common goals.
• Growth in the size: With the growth in the size of an organisation, there is a proportionate increase in the number of its employees. So there is a greater need to unify the efforts of diverse individuals towards the realisation of organisational goals.
• Functional differentiation: As a result of functional differentiation in an organization, its people and activities get divided into small departments on the basis of functions like marketing, finance etc. Since each such department tends to formulate its own objectives, policies etc., there is a need to reconcile the goals pursued by each of such departments with the goals of the organization as a whole.

Question 10: Geetika is working in a private sector bank. One of her key function relates to the formulation of the overall organisational goals and strategies of the bank. Identify the level of management at which she is working? State any three other functions that she has to perform at this level. Answer: Geetika is working at the top level of management in the private sector bank. The three other functions that she has to perform at this level are outlined below:

• She is responsible for the success and failure of the organisation.
• She is responsible for all the business activities and its impact on society.
• She has to coordinate the activities of different departments in pursuit of common goals.

Question 11: Arundhati has been promoted to the post of Marketing Division Head of a soft drink company. Identify the level of management at which she will be working henceforth. State any four functions that she will have to perform at this level. Answer: Henceforth, Arundhati will be working at middle level of management. The four functions that she will have to perform at this level are stated below:

• She has to ensure that her department has the necessary staff.
• She has to assign duties and responsibilities to the people in her department.
• She has to motivate the people in her department to achieve the desired objectives.
• She has to co-operate with the other departments for ensuring smooth functioning of the organization.

Question 12: Ajay and Sanjay are childhood friends. Sanjay had lost his right hand in an accident in childhood. They meet after a long time in a restaurant. On being asked, Sanjay tells Ajay that he feels very discontented in managing his family business after the death of his father as it doesn’t match with his areas of interest. Ajay knows that Sanjay possess extraordinary skills in management although he hasn’t acquired any professional degree in management. Therefore, he asks Sanjay to wind up his business in India and join him in his hotel business in Dubai as an Assistant Manager in Sales and Marketing Division. In context of the above case:

• Can Sanjay be deployed at the post of Assistant Manager in Sales and Marketing Division though he hasn’t acquired any professional degree in management? Explain by giving suitable justifications in support of your answer.
• List any two values that are reflected in this act of Ajay.
• Restricted entry: Unlike management, the entry to the other professions is restricted through an examination or eligibility criteria like specific percentage in a particular degree or diploma. However, management as a profession does not fulfill this criteria as anyone can be called a manager regardless of his/her academic qualifications.
• Professional association: Unlike managers, all working professionals have to be a member of an affiliated professional association which regulates their entry, grants certificate of practice and formulates and enforces code of conduct. For example, the practicing lawyers have to be a member of Bar Council of India, the practicing doctors should have membership of All India Medical Association etc. However, in case of management, although there exist several management association like the AIMA (All India Management Association), neither does it have any statutory backing nor is it mandatory for the practicing managers to a member of such associations.
• Responsibility.

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Case Study Questions for Class 12 Business Studies (BST)

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Here you will find Case Study Questions for CBSE Class 12 Business Studies (BST).

Units and Chapter List:

Unit 1 – Nature and Significance of Management, Principles of Management and Business Environment

Chapter 1: Nature and Significance of Management Case Studies Chapter 2: Principles of Management Case Studies Chapter 3: Business Environment Case Studies

Unit 2 – Planning and Organising

Chapter 4: Planning Case Studies Chapter 5: Organising Case Studies

Unit 3 – Staffing, Directing and Controlling

Chapter 6: Staffing Case Studies Chapter 7: Directing Case Studies Chapter 8: Controlling Case Studies

Unit 4 – Financial Management and Financial Market

Chapter 9: Financial Management Case Studies Chapter 10: Financial Market Case Studies

Unit 5 – Marketing and Consumer Protection

Chapter 11: Marketing Case Studies Chapter 12: Consumer Protection Case Studies

How to Tackle Business Studies Case Studies in Exams

Here’s a tip on how to approach and answer case study questions for Class 12 BST (Business Studies) exams:

1. Understand the Format:

• Case study questions are designed to test your ability to analyze and apply your knowledge to real-world situations.
• These questions are usually longer in length, but your answers should be concise and to the point.

2. Careful Reading:

• Begin by carefully reading the entire case study. Don’t rush; understand the context and details provided.
• Pay attention to any data, statistics, or specific information presented in the case.

3. Examine the Question:

• Before diving into the case study, read the question(s) associated with it. This will help you focus on what to look for while reading the case.
• Identify the key concepts or issues the question is addressing.

4. Highlight Key Information:

• While reading the case, underline or highlight important facts, figures, or statements that seem relevant to the question.
• Make notes if necessary to organize your thoughts.

5. Analyze the Situation:

• Once you have a good grasp of the case and its details, analyze the situation. Consider the cause-and-effect relationships, potential solutions, and any ethical or business principles involved.

6. Structure Your Answer:

• Start your answer with a brief introduction, summarizing the main problem or situation presented in the case.
• Organize your response logically. You can use bullet points or numbered lists for clarity.
• Present your analysis, providing relevant business theories or concepts as appropriate.
• Offer solutions or recommendations based on your analysis. Be clear and concise in your suggestions.

7. Use Simple Language:

• Write your answers in clear and simple language. Avoid unnecessary jargon or complex vocabulary.
• Ensure your answers are easy to understand for the examiner.

8. Practice with Sample Papers:

• Practice case study questions from sample papers and previous year papers to get a feel for the format and types of questions that may be asked.
• Writing practice answers will help you refine your approach.

Remember to practice, and you’ll become more proficient at tackling case study questions effectively.

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Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 1 MCQ

Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 1 MCQ and Important Questions of Nature and Significance of Management with answers and explanation for Session 2024-25. Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 1 Extra important questions and MCQ are given here to revise the chapter. Get here Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 1 Solutions

Which of the following is not an organizational objective of management?

Explanation: It is a part of personal objectives.

• View Answer

Which of the following is considered as essence of management?

It is a part of all managerial functions from planning to control.

Which of the following is the primary function of management?

Planning precedes all other functions.

Which of the following is part of social objectives of business?

All options from A to C help the society.

• Goal oriented Process
• Multidimensional
• Group Activity
• Dynamic function
• Intangible Force

How many levels of management are there?

Top level, mid level and lower level

Which level of management does the task of interpretation of policies?

Because middle level has to get the plans executed through lower level.

Which level of management serves as linking pin between workers and other levels of management?

Lower level performs the function of submission of grievance of workers to middle management and conveying the result back to workers.

Which level is called operational level?

Lower level is interested with getting work done.

• It involves fulfilling obligations towards society. This includes.
• Creating employment opportunities for society.
• Providing/Producing good quality products & services.
• Protecting environment.

Why is management not considered a profession?

There is no professional body to govern the conduct of managers and regulate entry and exits.

The process of integrating the activities of an organization in pursuit of common goals it is called

Coordination brings about unity of action.

Which of the following explains the nature of management?

Management has to deal with continuous changes in environment.

Effectiveness of manager can be judged by which of the following?

Effectiveness and efficiency are two different concepts. Effectiveness means completing the right work and achieving the goal time.

Personal objectives are concerned with satisfying needs of the employes such as:

• Giving competitive salary and perks to employees.
• Giving recognition to employes.
• Satisfying diverse needs of employes.

Is management an art?

Management fulfills all the four conditions required for an art.

Which of the following is not a feature of management?

Management seeks to maximize the profit.

Broadly how many objectives are there in management?

Three – Organisational objectives, social objectives and personal objectives.

Which of the following is true?

Management fulfills all condition of an art but not that of a science.

The features of Science are as follows:

• Systematized body of knowledge
• Principles based on experiments and observation
• Universal validity

Which of the following is not an importance of management?

Management increases efficiency by increasing productivity, helps in coordination by integrating the activities and contributes to personal objectives as well.

Management is all pervasive because

Management is required in every form of whether organization business or non-business and at all levels.

Coordination is like a thread in a garland – it is not a separate function of management rather it is part of managerial functions. This statement is . . . . ?

The given statement is a famous quote of Koontz and O’donell and explains the importance of coordination.

When is a manager said to be efficient?

To maximize profit, work should be completed at minimum cost.

(1) Planning (2) Organising (3) Staffing (4) Directing (5) Controlling

Are MCQs necessary for class 12th business studies, in general?

Yes, by solving MCQs and after reading the explanation to the solution, a student’s grasp over the subject increases.

Are MCQs asked in the board examinations in chapter 1 business studies class 12th?

It varies from Board to Board. CBSE will conduct year- end examination in 2023- So, unless the Board releases the sample paper, nothing can be said for certain.

What is the weightage of business studies chapter 1 MCQ class 12th?

According to the latest curriculum issued by CBSE, a group of chapter has a percentage or weightage assigned. Normally, MCQs carry 1 mark each. The chapter’s weightage could be approximately 7 marks. Approximately 2 – 3 questions can be asked each of different weightage.

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• CBSE Business Studies Chapter 1 - Nature and Significance of Management Class 12 Notes
• Revision Notes

Nature and Significance of Management Notes for CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 1 - Free PDF Download

Management is a crucial topic of business studies that deals with the systematic running of a firm and economy. Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 1 notes explains that a process of getting work done within the set time is management. It is ideally done to achieve a target set in an organisation through an efficient and effective way.

Vedantu’s class 12 Business studies chapter 1 notes PFD discusses this method of efficiency, and that is the best way to save money. A task that is done by proper planning by utilising available resources gives the desired result is efficiency. Effectiveness, on the other hand, concerns producing a product within a period. 

Class 12 revision notes chapter 1 discusses that these methods are similar yet different in properties. Therefore, it is essential to maintain a balance between the two.

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Get Ahead in Business Studies Chapter 1 Notes - Nature and Significance of Management Class 12

Definition of management.

“Management is defined as the process of planning, organizing, actuating and controlling an organization’s operations in order to achieve coordination of the human and material resources essential in the effective and efficient attainment of objectives.” 

Robert L. Trewelly and M. Gene Newport

Concept of Management

Management is a process that aims to bring the efforts of the people working in the organization to achieve a common objective effectively and efficiently.

Process: The term process refers to the primary activities performed in an organization by the management to achieve the objective. It includes planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling.

Effectively: The term effectively refers to completion of the given task in the allotted time frame.

Efficient : The term efficient means completing the task within minimum cost as well as optimum utilization of resources.

Difference between Effectiveness and Efficiency

Characteristics of management.

Goal Oriented Process : Every organization has its own set of objectives to achieve as an end result. It is through management that the efforts of the people working in the organization are directed towards accomplishment of these objectives. Hence, we can say management is a goal oriented process. It is fruitless to operate if an organization doesn't have a set goal.

All Pervasive : Management is a universal process. It is necessary in all types of organization whether big or small and is performed at every level of authority; top, middle or lower.  The five activities of management are the same for all the organizations irrespective of economic, social or political boundaries. Its just that the methodology differs but the basics and foundation remains the same.

Multidimensional: Management has three important dimensions. These are as follows:

Management of work: Every enterprise has a purpose behind its existence. The major purpose is performance of certain works for accomplishment of end results. Management converts the work to be performed in terms of goals and helps in achieving them. For example: A hospital operates for the treatment of patients. A super market exists for the fulfillment of day to day demands of people.

Management of people: Management unites the efforts of the group of individuals working in the enterprise so that they can work together as a team. Human resource or manpower is said to be the biggest asset of an organization. The task of a management is to get things done by individuals as well as groups of people.

Management of operations: Every enterprise has some basic product or service to deliver which requires a production process, and a set of operations where the inputs are converted to final product, this is management of operations.

Continuous Process: Management is a continuous process as it consists of a series of interrelated activities. These functions should be performed in a systematic and orderly manner and in a proper sequence. It is a never ending process. The activities include functions like planning, organizing, directing, staffing and controlling.

A Group Activity: Management is a group activity as it is concerned with the efforts of a group of individuals. It unites the efforts of the members in the group and directs them towards attainment of a common objective.

A Dynamic Function: The business policies and practices of the organization needs to be changed according to the business environment which consists of various social, economic and political factors. The world is changing dynamically in all aspects so new practices and conventions must be followed to cater to the ever-changing needs of the environment.

Intangible Force: Management is an invisible force. It cannot be seen, but it can be felt through the achievement of objectives.

Objectives of Management

Objectives are the desired results that drive the management to work towards it. There are three objectives of management:

Organizational Objectives: Organizational Objectives are those objectives that are set by the management of an organization within a predetermined time period. An organization has different types of objectives to be achieved, these objectives are determined in consideration to the different interests of the stakeholders. The main objective of an organization is optimum utilisation of resources in the most effective and efficient manner. It is further divided into three parts- survival, profit and growth.

Survival: Ensuring survival in the market in the long run by taking positive decisions in respect of business activities is the primary objective of management. Earning enough revenues to cover the cost of production is of utmost importance to an organization.

Profitability: Any person or individual who runs a business has the ultimate objective of earning profit. Management ensures to earn sufficient profit to meet its various needs. Management makes best use of men, money, material, machinery and other resources in order to earn profit. Good amount of profit provides better return to investors in terms of dividend, interest etc.

Growth : Management should aim towards continuously improving the performance of the organization. It is the general objective of management to secure maximum results through minimum resources to increase prosperity and growth. Growth of an organization can be measured in various ways and depending upon various parameters. The growth indicators can vary from organization to organization. Some may consider an increase in sales volume, some may look for an increasing number of products, etc.

Social Objectives: Any organization that operates, doesn't solely have an objective of profit making. It also has some social obligations or social objectives to fulfill towards the society. This may differ from organization to organization. For example: Some aim at providing basic infrastructure to the people living around, some aim at providing maximum employment, some aim at producing products that are environment friendly.

Personal Objectives: Each and every individual joins an organization for pursuing their personal objectives. Some join for a good package of salary, some join for greater recognition, some just for survival. So, this depends upon individual to individual. It is important for an organization to identify the personal objectives to integrate it with the organizational objectives to bring harmony in the organization. 

Importance of Management

Achievement of group objectives: Management creates coordination and team spirit in the group of individuals. Management also inspires the members of the groups to make their best contribution towards the achievement of the common objective. This common objective is set by the management itself.

Optimum utilization of resources: Management brings together men, money, material, machine in the right proportion to reduce cost and maximize production.

Minimization of Cost: Management improves efficiency and reduces cost through better planning, sound organization and effective control. By eliminating wastage and minimum cost, management helps an organization to face cut throat competition.

Social development: Management increases the standard of living of the people by providing good quality products and services at minimum cost. It also helps in generating employment opportunities and adopting new technologies.

Achievement of personal objectives: Each and every individual joins an organization for pursuing their personal objectives. Some join for a good package of salary, some join for greater recognition, some just for survival. So, this depends upon individual to individual. Management plays an important role in identifying the personal objectives so as to integrate it with the organizational objectives to bring harmony in the organization, as well as successful fulfilment of the personal objectives of the individuals.. 

Nature of Management 

Management has evolved over time, it has become very dynamic in modern times. Earlier it was based on a set of rules and regulations or we may state them as conventions that evolve slowly and gradually as per the ever changing needs. 

Management can be an art, science or a profession.

Management as an Art

Art refers to putting the knowledge and capabilities into practise so as to achieve the desired results. It can be acquired through various methods like observation, study and experience. 

The basic features are as follows :

Existence of theoretical Knowledge: Art involves the application of theoretical knowledge. Management is an art of getting things done through individuals for accomplishment of desired results by putting the available knowledge into practice.

Personalized application: The use of knowledge varies from person to person and hence management is basically an individual skill. Two different people can perform the same type of work but will always differ in the way they perform. For example: two singers will always perform differently.

Based on practice and creativity: Management is goal-oriented and result-oriented. As for art, management also requires practice, continuous practice hones the skills and creativity of an individual.

Hence, management can be considered as an art, as both requires skills, practice and creativity.

Management as a Science : 

A systematized body of information that can be learned by observation and experimentation is referred to as science. It is made of universally acknowledged concepts that define the relationships between causes and effects. 

The following are the essential characteristics of science:

A well-organized body of knowledge: Management is a systematised body of knowledge with its own set of ideas and concepts based on cause-and-effect relationships.

Principle based on experiments and observation: Fundamental principles of management are developed through experiments and observations. Their results can be tested and verified.

Universal Validity: The principles of management have no universal validity and application like that of science. The basics of management is imparted to the managers, rest has to be tailored as per the requirement of the organization and environment.

Thus, management is definitely a science, but a social science as it is based on human behaviour. Human behaviour cannot be subjected to experiments and therefore management can be called soft science.

Management as a Profession.

A vocation that requires specific knowledge, practical training, a service motivation, and a code of conduct is referred to as a profession. 

The following are the essential characteristics of a profession:

Specialized Knowledge: Management has its own set of principles, concepts and is a well defined body of knowledge.

Restricted Entry: Every profession has restricted entry through examination or through educational degree. Though, to build a career in management, it is not necessary to have an educational degree etc.

Statutory Body: Every profession is regulated by a legally recognized body like ICAI for a chartered accountant. Management also have their association like All India Management Association but management associations are not statutory bodies.

Code of Conduct: Like every profession, managers also have a code of conduct, but it does not legally bind a manager as compared to the professional code of conduct.

Service Motive: Managers aim to serve the society similarly like other professions.

Hence we can say management does not possess all the characteristics of a profession.

Levels of Management

There are three levels in management – top level, middle level, lower level.

Top Level Management: Top level management comprises chief executing officer, board of directors, managing directors, president, vice presidents etc. Their responsibility is to decide organizational goals, frame policies, formulate strategies and approve budgets. They are responsible for all the major policy making in the organization. 

Middle Level Management: Middle level management comprises departmental heads, branch managers, divisional heads. Their responsibility is to execute the plans and policies framed by the top level management. They are the ones who connect with the lower level management and instructs, guides and motivates them to reach the goal.

Lower Level Management: Lower or operational level management comprises foremen, supervisors, office manager etc. Their responsibility is implementation of the work and policies under the guidance of middle level management. They also bring employees or workers’ grievances in knowledge of middle level management and maintain discipline among the workers.  

The Functions of Management

Planning: Planning is a process of setting goals and objectives and formulating a strategy and an action plan to achieve it. It bridges the gap between our current position and desired position. This is the basic function of an organization and is the first step of management. 

Organizing: Organizing is the process of establishing authority and responsibility relationships. It involves assigning tasks to individuals and allocating resources for the same.

Staffing: Staffing is a process of placing the right person on the right job at the right time. It includes recruitment, selection, placement, induction and training of employees. It can be called as the Human Resource function of the organization. 

Directing: Directing refers to the process of leading, influencing and motivating the individuals working in the organization to complete the assigned task effectively and efficiently. The employees need to be constantly motivated to perform better. Leadership and motivation are the key components of directing as a function. It tends to bring out the best in an employee.

Controlling: Controlling is the process of keeping a check on the performance of the organization and comparing it with the standards set. Also, corrective actions are taken, in case any deviation is found between the actual and desired results.

Coordination - The Essence of Management

Coordination is a force which synchronizes all the five functions and levels of management in order to achieve the goal of the organization. Coordination is implicit and inherent in all the functions of an organization. 

Without coordination there are chances of overlapping, duplication, delays and chaos in the work. The function of coordination starts from the planning function itself. Coordination thus synchronises the different efforts and actions of various units of the organization.

Characteristics of Coordination 

Coordination integrates group efforts: Coordination integrates group efforts and ensures that the performance of the organization is as per the standards set.

Coordination ensures unity of action: Coordination is a force which binds the various departments and ensures that all efforts are directed towards achieving the organizational goals.

Coordination is a never-ending process: Coordination is a continuous and a never-ending process. It is required from beginning to end, at all the levels of management as well as in all the functions of the organization

Coordination is the responsibility of all managers: It is the duty of all the people working in the organization to work in a responsible manner and coordinate with each other to achieve the objectives or the goals of the organization.

Coordination is a deliberate function: Management deliberately needs to coordinate the efforts of different people working in the organization. Coordination cannot be established with itself rather it is a deliberate and conscious effort on part of every manager.

Coordination is an all pervasive function: Coordination is something which is required everywhere and in every organization be it big or small. It is needed at all levels and at every function of the management.

Importance of Coordination  

Growth in Size: Coordination harmonizes individual goals with the organizational goals. This results in the growth of the organization which results in an increase in the number of people employed with it.

Functional Differentiation: The various departments of the organization have their own objectives, policies and their own style of working. But to achieve organizational objective coordination is important so as to link the activities of all departments.

Specialization: Coordination integrates all the specialists activities into a collective effort. 

Business Studies Chapter 1 Notes PDF - Nature and Significance of Management Class 12

Nature and Significance of Management Class 12 notes is both simple as well as summarising in their explanation of various topics. They depict the causes and need for management in a working firm. 

This section discusses various properties and the need for management in an organisation.

Take a look!

Nature and Significance of Management Notes Class 12 Characteristics

Nature and Significance of Management Class 12 Notes explain the characteristics of management. These properties conduct healthy functioning of grapevines and other pyramid systems in an enterprise. 

The Characteristics include

Goal orientation

Omnipresence

Multiple aspects

Group functioning

Energetic function

Elusive force

NCERT Class 12 Business Studies Nature and Significance of Management Notes with Solution

Objective of management.

This segment of class 12 Business studies Chapter 1 notes PDF with solution discusses the purpose behind management. These objectives ideally include profit-making, money flow and sustainability. 

Student by thorough reading will know that an enterprise follows three significant objectives that are-

Organisational

Social 

These three work together to maintain a harmonious and peaceful work structure. This objective also works to attain an environment-friendly living.

Nature and Significance of Management Notes - Importance of Management

Next, the section of this notes talks about the need for management in a firm. Young learners will understand that management works to form team spirit and coordination among employees. A manager plays a significant role in conducting tasks oriented goals and keeping a tab on completion. They help in improving the efficiency of production and reduction of expenses.  Moreover, they also help employees mentally by offering ways of adaptation and survival.

NCERT Solutions of Nature and Significance of Management Class 12 Notes - Management as Art, Science and Profession

The management works in three ways that are arts, science and professionalism. Managers use their preferred style of supervising possessions and people. They use creativity in the pertaining management method and skills for the improvement of work culture. This feature is quite familiar to the arts stream, making it alike.  Again management is scientific in nature as it concerns the human mind and psychology. Lastly, this stream requires specialised education and skills to handle objectives carefully. This makes it professional in nature.

Apart from these topics, class 12 Business studies chapter 1 notes also carry management related exercises. These questions are crucial to revise for a distinctive marks structure. To achieve this target, students can check the education portal like Vedantu.

They have been working to offer quality study materials, live classes, notes, solutions and more at a budget-friendly price. Students desiring to score well in competitive and general exams can check the app today!

The Nature and Significance of Management class 12 notes by Vedantu provide a comprehensive understanding of business studies chapter 1. These notes, available in PDF format, simplify complex concepts. Management's importance is highlighted, emphasizing its role in achieving organizational goals. Vedantu's notes delve into the fundamental principles and functions of management, making them a valuable resource for Class 12 students. The user-friendly format aids in quick comprehension, ensuring students grasp key ideas easily. Overall, these notes offer a concise and insightful overview of the Nature and Significance of Management, serving as an essential study tool for Class 12 business studies.

FAQs on CBSE Business Studies Chapter 1 - Nature and Significance of Management Class 12 Notes

1. What are the three Levels of Management?

The levels of management in an organisation are determined based on the workload, efficiency, responsibility, and authority of the managers. These levels can be categorised as follows:

Top-level management comprises executives holding the highest position in the organisation, responsible for establishing the overall vision, mission and strategic goals of the organisation.

Middle-level management includes managers who implement the plans and policies made by top-level management and coordinate with lower-level managers.

Lower-level management includes supervisors and team leaders, who monitor and direct the work of non-managerial employees, ensuring that they achieve their targets and goals.

2. What are the functions of management?

Managers carry out a number of connected tasks known as management functions in order to accomplish organisational objectives. These activities include of:

Planning: Setting goals and objectives, coming up with strategies, and making plans to achieve them are all part of planning.

Organising: To accomplish the goals and objectives established during the planning stage, organising entails allocating resources, personnel, and tasks.

Staffing: Employers must be recruited, chosen, trained, and developed in order for them to fulfil their roles in an efficient manner. This process is known as staffing.

Directing: This entails directing and inspiring workers to reach their aims and objectives and ensuring that they are productively contributing to the organisation's overall objectives.

Controlling: To ensure that goals and objectives are met, controlling entails keeping an eye on performance, spotting issues, and taking corrective action.

3. What is coordination? What are its uses?

Coordination takes care of the synchronisation of the healthy functioning of an organisation. Lack of this can lead to duplication, overlapping of work and delay. The three levels of management work simultaneously to produce efficient work. The function of coordination is as follows:

Coordination allows an organisation to achieve common aims and objectives by integrating the efforts of multiple departments and personnel.

Coordination aids in the avoidance of duplication of efforts and the reduction of resource waste.

Coordination provides good communication across departments, organisations, and individuals, which aids in the avoidance of misunderstandings and conflicts.

Optimal resource utilisation: Coordination aids in the efficient and effective utilisation of resources, lowering manufacturing costs and increasing profitability.

Improved decision-making: Coordination assists managers in making informed decisions by delivering accurate and relevant information.

Encourages teamwork: Coordination encourages teamwork among employees, which contributes to the development of a strong work culture and increases morale.

4. What is the importance of management in Class 12 Business Studies?

Management is needed for achieving business goals. Management is important for the production of goods and services. It helps an organization to work as a team and achieve business goals. Management helps in reducing the cost and increasing the production of goods. It helps an organization to face the competition. It also helps the company to use effective and modern strategies for increasing good production and helps in the upliftment of business.

5. What is the meaning of management Class 12 Business Studies?

Management means the collection of all activities and actions that helps in the smooth functioning of the business or an organization. It helps in organizing the different tools that are necessary for the growth of a business. Management means the effective use of men's power, materials, money, and tools for the production of goods and services. Management is an effective strategy that is used by an organization to run business effectively.

6. What are the principles of management Class 12 Business Studies?

Principles of management refer to some sort of truth based on cause and effect. Principles guide us to take proper actions and make decisions. The principles of management can be applied to different companies, either big or small. People following the principles of management can solve their problems easily. Principles can help people to find solutions for their problems. 

7. What is the nature and significance of management?

Management directs an organization to achieve goals. Management is an art and science. It is an art because it involves the creativity of different measures for achieving goals. It is a science because it is based on certain principles and involves systemic knowledge. Management is important because it provides employees with useful tools to enhance productivity, schemes to use the resources, help in making decisions, and also help in adapting to the changing environment.

8. What are the features of management Class 12?

Important features of management include:

Management is goal-oriented in the sense that it strives to achieve specified organisational goals and objectives.

Management ideas and strategies can be used in every organisation, regardless of its size, nature, or location.

Management is an interdisciplinary field that draws ideas and approaches from numerous disciplines such as economics, psychology, sociology, and so on.

Management is a continuous process that entails planning, organising, staffing, directing, and managing activities in order to achieve organisational goals.

Group activity: Management entails collaborating with others and coordinating their efforts to attain organisational goals.

Management is a dynamic function that changes and adapts to the changing environment and organisational requirements.

Management is an intangible job since it requires the application of information, skills, and abilities to attain organisational goals.

Management is a situational function that requires managers to adjust their management approach to various settings and circumstances.

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Business Studies Study Material for CBSE Class 12

Class 12 business studies advances your knowledge of the business world from what you learned in class 11 business studies teaching more important topics like management, planning, market, consumer protection, etc. completely prepare for the board or competitive exams with our cbse class 12 business studies study material that provides a structured blueprint with chapter-wise notes updated according to 2024-25 cbse guidelines. you can also test your knowledge with sample papers and the previous year's board question exam paper with solutions..

Discover a smoother learning journey through our effortless roadmap

Chapter 1: Nature and Significance of Management

Management : Meaning, Characteristics, Objectives, and Importance

Difference between Efficiency and Effectiveness

Nature of Management as a Science, Art and Profession

Levels of Management - Top, Middle and Lower

Functions of Management - Planning, Organising, Staffing, Directing and Controlling

Coordination in Management : Concept, Features & Importance

Difference between Coordination and Cooperation

Chapter 2: Principles of Management

Nature and Significance of Principles of Management

14 Principles of Management by Henri Fayol

Difference between Unity of Command and Unity of Direction

Principles of Scientific Management

Techniques of Scientific Management

Difference between Time Study and Motion Study

Difference between Fayol and Taylor Theories of Management

Chapter 3: Business Environment

Importance of Business Environment

Dimensions of Business Environment

Economic Environment in India

New Industrial Policy : Features & Impact

Concept and Features of Demonetization

Chapter 4: Planning

11 articles

Features, Importance and Limitations of Planning

Planning Process: Concept and Steps

Types of Plans: Standing Plan and Single-use Plan

Difference between Standing Plans and Single-Use Plans

Difference between Policies and Objectives

Difference between Policies and Strategy

Difference between Policies and Procedures

Difference between Procedures and Methods

Difference between Procedures and Rules

Difference between Policies and Rules

Difference between Rules and Methods

Chapter 5: Organising

10 articles

Organising : Meaning, Importance and Process

Types of Organisation Structure

Difference between Functional Structure and Divisional Structure

Formal and Informal Organisation

Difference between Formal and Informal Organisation

Elements and Importance of Delegation

Difference between Authority, Responsibility and Accountability

Centralization and Decentralization

Difference between Centralization and Decentralization

Difference between Delegation and Decentralization

Chapter 6: Staffing

12 articles

Staffing : Meaning, Definition, Features and Importance

Staffing and Human Resource Management

Staffing Process

Sources of Recruitment (Internal and External: Meaning, Merits and Demerits)

Difference between Internal Recruitment and External Recruitment

Steps in Selection Process

Difference between Recruitment and Selection

Importance of Training and Development to Organisation and Employees

Methods of Training: On-the-Job Methods and Off-the-Job Methods

Difference between On-the-Job Training Methods and Off-the-Job Training Methods

Difference between Training and Development

Difference between Training, Development and Education

Chapter 7: Directing

19 articles

Directing: Meaning, Characteristics and Importance

Principles and Elements of Directing

Importance of Supervision

Features and Importance of Motivation

Process of Motivation

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory

Financial and Non-Financial Incentives

Difference between Financial and Non-financial Incentives

Features and Importance of Leadership

Types of Leadership Styles

10 Qualities of a Good Leader

Which is more effective Push or Pull marketing ?

Communication: Meaning, Definition, Features and Importance

Elements of Communication Process

Communication Channels | Formal and Informal

Formal Communication: Meaning, Types, Merits and Demerits

Informal Communication: Meaning, Networks, Merits and Demerits

Barriers to Effective Communication

Measures to improve Communication Effectiveness

Chapter 8: Controlling

Controlling: Nature, Importance, and Limitations

Relationship between Planning and Controlling

Process of Controlling

Chapter 9: Financial Management

Role and Objectives of Financial Management

Types of Financial Decisions

Investment Decision: Meaning and Factors affecting Investment Decision

Financing Decision: Meaning and Factors affecting Financing Decision

Dividend Decision: Meaning and Factors affecting Dividend Decision

Financial Planning: Objectives and Importance

What is Capital Structure?

Factors affecting the choice of Capital Structure

What is Fixed Capital and Working Capital?

Factors Affecting the Fixed Capital

Factors Affecting the Working Capital

Chapter 10: Financial Markets

15 articles

Financial Market : Meaning, Functions, and Classification

Instruments of Money Market

What is Capital Market?

Difference between Money Market and Capital Market

What are the different Methods of Floatation of Securities in Primary Market?

Difference between Primary Market and Secondary Market

What is Stock Exchange?

Trading Procedure on a Stock Exchange

Basic Stock Market Terms | Common Terms in Stock Exchange

Depository System: Meaning, Services and Constituents

Demat Account: Types, Importance & How to Open

What is National Stock Exchange of India (NSEI)?

What is Over the Counter Exchange of India (OTCEI)?

Difference between NSEI and OTCEI

Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI): Objectives and Functions

Chapter 11: Marketing

24 articles

Marketing: Features and Functions

Advantages and Disadvantages of Commercial Paper

Marketing Management Philosophies

Elements of Marketing Mix : 4Ps

What is Product Mix?

Classification of Products

Difference between Convenience Products, Shopping Products and Speciality Products

Difference between Consumer Products and Industrial Products

What is Branding?

Packaging: Levels, Importance and Functions

What is Labelling?

Price Mix: Meaning and Factors Affecting Price Determination

What is Place/Physical Distribution Mix?

Types of Distribution Channels

Factors Determining Choice of Channels of Distribution

Components of Physical Distribution

What is Promotion Mix?

Advertising : Features, Merits and Demerits

Objections to Advertising

Personal Selling: Features, Merits and Role

Qualities of a Good Salesman

Difference between Advertising and Personal Selling

Sales Promotion: Merits, Demerits and Activities/ Techniques

Public Relations (PR) : Meaning, Importance, Roles and Tools

Chapter 12: Consumer Protection

Consumer Protection: Meaning, Importance and Means

Consumer Rights and Responsibilities

Who is a Consumer?

Consumer Protection Act 1986 v/s Consumer Protection Act 2019

Redressal Agencies under the Consumer Protection Act, 2019

Remedies available to Consumers under Consumer Protection Act 2019

Study Material Overview:

Our CBSE Class 12 Business Studies material provides concise notes covering the entire syllabus, keeping in mind the chapter-wise weightage for exams. Our resources include solved board papers for practice, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of business concepts. Equip yourself for success with our study material.

What do we offer?

GeeksForGeeks has curated the best study material for CBSE Class 12 business studies by taking inputs from teachers and pass-out students. The study material is the best choice to revise class 12 business studies before exams. We have provided chapter-wise notes, with extra emphasis on the important concepts that are frequently asked in board exam papers. Along with notes, the study material also consists of the previous year's board question paper solutions so that students can know the correct method to answer a question. By the end of this study material, you will have completed the entire class 12 business studies syllabus and mastered all important concepts. You can also test your knowledge with the help of a sample paper.

Key Highlights of this Study Material:

• Based on Latest NCERT Guidelines and update for the 2024-25 academic session.
• The in-depth teaching of the most important topics of CBSE class 12 Business studies.
• The use of images and infographics makes it a better choice than hand-written notes.
• The study material is easily accessible through the use of the internet.
• Practice and learn using sample paper and board paper solutions.

GeeksforGeeks breaks down complex ideas into easy-to-understand concepts. Very helpful.

With GeeksforGeeks, It become easy to understand class 12th Business Studies. Their easy explanations and helpful practical examples make studying less stressful.

Aryan Gupta

Easy to read and Understand. Great Business Studies learning Material

Rohan Singh

Class 12 Business Studies Guide: Clear, simple, and exactly what I need for exams.

How many chapters are in Business Studies Class 12?

There are 12 chapters in CBSE class 12 business studies. They are categorized into two parts- Part A and Part B. Part A contains 8 chapters and Part B contains 4 chapters.

Is it necessary to use the Class 12 Business Studies notes PDF?

CBSE class 12 business studies note pdf is useful when revising the entire syllabus, but our study material not only helps you revise the entire syllabus but it will also help you revise specific important topics.

What should be the study plan to ace the CBSE class 12 Business Studies board exam?

The study plan to ace your business studies board exam should be, learning and revising important topics from our study material. Practice the previous year's questions, and at last, be consistent and practice every day.

How does this study material help in learning CBSE class 12 business studies?

The study material provided here is an updated study material that compiles every important concept with practice examples and solutions. After completing this study material, you can easily score 95+ in your board exams.

Are NCERT solutions helpful for Class 12 Business Studies?

Yes, NCERT solutions provide detailed solutions to all questions in the NCERT textbooks and are very helpful.

How to effectively use study materials for Class 12 Business Studies?

To effectively use our class 12 business studies study material, understand the concepts, practice questions regularly, and solve previous years examination questions.

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