The Strategy Story

TESCO – British Retailer that redefined Grocery Shopping

The first time I visited a ‘Tesco Extra’ store was at midnight, making an emergency run for next morning’s breakfast. The store seemed to occupy the area of an entire football field in Ashby-De-La-Zouch, UK. Even at an ungodly hour, Tesco was well-lit with visiting customers.

Inside, there were never-ending aisles lined up with groceries, food items, clothing, electronics, and whatnot. It was easy to lose way and lose track of time in the colossal supermarket.

I thought to myself that this would be the only store of its kind in the county, but I was wrong.

Tesco has 4008 stores across the UK and Republic of Ireland , with 7005+ stores and franchises across the world. In Europe, Tesco has established itself in Hungary, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Poland and Turkey. In Asia it has stores in Thailand, South Korea, Malaysia, Japan and China.

TESCO is much more than a chain of supermarkets selling a million products. It’s a giant conglomerate, spanning across so many verticals. It’s the equivalent of one of the FAANG companies but in the Grocery & Retail sector. It becomes imperative for business enthusiasts like you and me to understand the business model of this retail giant called Tesco.

It’s considered a part of the ‘Big Four’ supermarkets alongside ASDA, Sainsbury’s, and Morrison’s in Europe.

Infographic: The UK's favourite supermarkets | Statista

The Birth of Supermarkets in Britain

Founded in 1919 by a war veteran – Jack Cohen , Tesco began as a grocery stall in the East End of London, making a profit of £1 on sales of £4 on day one. Tesco’s first store was launched in 1929, selling dry goods & its own brand of Tesco Tea. A hundred more Tesco stores were opened in the next 10 years.

With 100+ mom-and-pop stores in Britain, Jack wanted to expand his product range. He traveled to the US in 1946 and noticed the self-service system, where customers would select different products on the shop floor and finally checkout at a counter. Jack brought this concept back to Britain, giving birth to Tesco Supermarkets and changing the face of British Shopping. His motto was to “stack ‘em high, and sell ‘em low (cheap).”

Tesco has a wide range of supermarkets depending upon their size, range of products, and location. This also helps regulate their Supply Chain to reduce wastage.

tesco case study strategic management

Tesco Business Model is based on various verticals

Tesco has deep-rooted its businesses in the European market so well, it’s difficult to miss out on the Tesco hoarding anywhere. Its Businesses and subsidiaries are:

tesco case study strategic management

A glimpse into the Complex Supply Chain

A supply chain is one of the critical aspects of the business model of a giant retailer like Tesco. Tesco has its priorities set when it comes to procuring products from different parts of the world:

  • Use expertise to offer a better range of products at reasonable prices
  • Use economies of scale to buy more for less
  • Leverage and maintain relations with global branded suppliers
  • Grow the brand

It procures goods from over 44 countries, majorly China. A stock of up to 90,000 different products (30% are food & beverages) is transferred via the global sourcing office located in Hong Kong. Keeping wholesalers out of the loop, Tesco procures directly from suppliers. The conglomerate has developed and maintained long-lasting relations with suppliers’ world over—the main ones being General Mills, Kellogg, Mars, and Princes.

Tesco has set up a separate division to regulate its supply chain, “the machine behind the machine” – Tesco International Sourcing (TIS). It can be compared to the East India Company of the 18 th -19 th Century, catering to only one customer – Tesco.

TIS is connected to over 1000+ suppliers across 1200+ factories . It’s responsible for over 50,000 Tesco product lines in terms of quality control, sourcing, production, designing, timely delivery, and sorting trading/customs documentation.

All activities are coordinated centrally at TIS, with just 533 staff members. These staff members undergo rigorous training to detect & analyze Supplier-violations and conduct Auditing.

tesco case study strategic management

Tesco coordinates with TIS on a daily basis to procure products in the following ways:

  • The local team uses customer insights to create a Product Brief (new or modified) specified for each region.
  • TIS analyzes the product brief and develops a Product Sourcing Plan depending upon – stores that need this product and figuring out minimum transport time and cost, as per the region.
  • The Plan is executed, and specific demands are handed out to Suppliers all over the world. Expert TIS Buyers make sure the best deal is made.
  • Inbound logistics are consolidated at specific Tesco Depot to receive the product efficiently from Suppliers.
  • Local teams then make sure the product is distributed to different Tesco stores from the Depots.

Tesco adding eCommerce to the mainstream business model

Being in the Top 50 retailers globally as of 2021 , Tesco’s annual revenue worldwide in 2020 was £58.09B , a 9.1% decline from 2019 (due to the Pandemic & disposing of its Asia operations , to focus on the core business in Europe).

It shifted from Brick & Mortar to Brick & Click stores. The Click+Collect functionality on its website accounts for 43% of E-grocery sales in the UK. The Click+Collect concept enables customers to place their orders online and collect their orders a few hours later at the nearest Tesco Depot. Tesco created these specialized Depots for online orders only.

Despite shutting down most its mall operations, Tesco survived 2020 through its online retail store Tesco.com , with double the orders. Its E-commerce net sales had shot up by 31% from 2019-2021.

tesco case study strategic management

A Global Operations & Technology Center in Bengaluru was also set up in 2004. This center serves as the backbone of distribution operations for Tesco worldwide. Its business functions are- Finance, Property, Distribution Operations, Customers & Product. The employees at this Center are Engineers, Analysts, Designers, and Architects.

Tesco’s Marketing Strategy

Tesco has always believed in acquiring loyal customers and regaining stakeholders’ trust. It aims to reach customers from all financial backgrounds. So it launched 2 of its own sub-brands – Tesco finest for the affluent customers and Tesco Everyday Value for the rest of the crowd.

Tesco also launched the Club Card in 1995 as a Membership card, to maintain customer loyalty and keep them coming back. The Card operates on a point-based system with discounts on products, & other subsidiaries like double data on Tesco Mobile. With 5 Million subscribers in the first year , Tesco finally overtook its competitor – Sainsbury’s to become No.1 in the UK.

The Club-card strategy was used to obtain customer data and observe buying habits. This data was analyzed, allowing Tesco to put the right products on shelves while eliminating unpopular ones. Tesco realized that the Club Card isn’t just a quick fix & temporary promotional tool; it’s a promotion in itself. This made the Tesco Club Card unique and long-lasting.

Tesco also realized that spending Billions on traditional marketing efforts and maintaining a ‘one-size-fits-all’ brand image wouldn’t work. It decided to hyper-target specific customers and to earn their trust. For starters, thousands of head-office staff and senior executives were sent to work in stores – to demonstrate how Tesco values its customer. Customization became key for its new marketing strategy; sending out discounts on birthdays via Emails and campaigning from door-to-door.

Tesco also made a partial shift to Digital Marketing which costs much lesser and has a wider outreach. It created well-tailored profiles on all social media platforms. On Twitter, it has more than 15 accounts, separate for each of its business units. The online customer care account on Twitter is active 24-7.

All supermarkets commonly advertised themselves to have quality products at a reasonable cost; Tesco wanted to differentiate itself as a unique brand. It introduced step-by-step Recipes prepared from ingredients available at any Tesco store, with Chef Jamie Oliver as its Health Ambassador . Tesco Food and its variety of recipes were a massive hit. Later on, the monthly Tesco Magazine as a food & lifestyle magazine was also launched, with 4.65Million readers worldwide.

The beginning of the pandemic in March 2020 left people apprehensive about visiting a physical store to buy groceries. To deal with customers’ concerns, Tesco came up with an instructional advertisement in April ‘20. With crisp instructions similar to that of an in-flight safety video, this ad showed customers how to physically shop and behave at Tesco stores. It was considered to be the most effective advertising and communications campaign of 2020 as per YouGov BrandIndex .

Competition

Tesco’s earliest competitor has been Sainsbury’s since the 70s. The Tesco Club Card strategy in 1995 helped it overtake Sainsbury’s to become the No.1 Retailer in the UK, but not for long. The ‘Big Four’ supermarkets in Europe have been in close competition throughout the years. Tesco has acquired a 28% majority stake in the UK market.

The horse meat and accounting scandals were a real setback for Tesco, letting competitors take over the European market. The newest German entrants – Aldi and Lidl had caught customers’ attention and market share in a short span of time.

With a combined market share of 12%, these German retailers posed a threat to Tesco. So much so that Tesco began the ‘ Aldi Price Match ’ campaign to curb the growth of the German discounter and win back customers. Tesco started price-matching thousands of its products with that of Aldi, offering better quality and branded products at Aldi’s prices.

Tesco has a majority market share in Britain, with Sainsbury’s and ASDA in tow:

tesco case study strategic management

Tesco Adding Sustainability to its business model – The Little Helps Plan

It’s a well-known fact that giant conglomerate retailers are one of the major causes of rapid climate change and increasing carbon footprints. Tesco realized its impact on the planet and launched the Little Helps Plan as a core part of business in 2017. This plan serves as a framework to attain long-term sustainability. Its four Pillars – People, Products, Planet, and Places are aligned with the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals.

tesco case study strategic management

Until now, the Plan has enabled Tesco to:

  • Permanently remove 1 Billion pieces of plastic from its packaging
  • Redistribute 82% of unsold food, safe for human consumption
  • Remove 52Billion unnecessary calories from foods sold

Apart from this, it also aims to increase sales of Plant-Based Meat alternatives by 300% by 2025. At present, it has 350 plant-based meat alternatives on the shelf.

Apart from partnering with various other organizations, Tesco entered a 4-year partnership with World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) to address one of the biggest causes of wildlife loss – the global food system. It aims to eliminate deforestation from products, promote recyclable/compostable packaging and minimize food waste.

Tesco is one of the few successful retailers in the world, with a compelling history. Tesco has overcome numerous issues across its supply chain, faced global criticism, and still stands undeterred in the European market with its rock-solid business model. It has always adapted to its unpredictable consumers and continues to do so while caring for the planet.

The business is healthy. We said we would rebuild the relationship with the brand and consumers; you will see that in every measure of customer satisfaction we do that. The business is healthy, vibrant and there is a lot of optimism of what we can do going forward. CEO Dave Lewis, who took over Tesco in 2014 (during the struggle years) & stepped down in September 2020

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tesco case study strategic management

An Engineering grad, currently working in the fields of Big Data & Business Intelligence. Apart from being immersed in Tech, I love writing and exploring the business world with a focus on Strategy Consulting. An ardent reader of Sci-Fi, Mystery, and thriller novels. On my days off, I would spend time swimming, sketching, or planning my next trip to an unexplored location!

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Tesco Change Management Case Study

Change is a necessary part of any business’s growth and success. However, managing change can be a challenging task, especially for a company as large as Tesco. 

The UK-based retail giant faced numerous challenges during its journey of growth, including increasing competition, changing consumer preferences, and economic uncertainties. 

To overcome these challenges, Tesco embarked on a change management journey that transformed the company and enabled it to become one of the world’s largest retailers. 

In this blog post, we will delve into Tesco’s change management case study, discussing the strategies the company employed to manage change, the challenges it faced, and the results and achievements of the change management program. 

We will also examine the lessons learned from Tesco’s success story and provide insights into best practices for effective change management

Background of Tesco 

Tesco is a British multinational retailer that was founded in 1919 by Jack Cohen. Initially, the company started as a market stall in London’s East End, selling surplus groceries from a stall. 

In the 1920s, the company expanded its business by opening its first store in Burnt Oak, North London. 

The company went public in 1947 and continued to expand its business throughout the UK in the following years. 

By the 1990s, Tesco had become the largest supermarket chain in the UK.

However, despite its success, Tesco faced several challenges in the early 2000s. Increasing competition from discount retailers such as Aldi and Lidl, changing consumer preferences, and economic uncertainties had a significant impact on the company’s growth. 

Tesco’s sales started to decline, and the company’s market share was shrinking. To address these challenges, Tesco’s management team realized the need for a change management program that would transform the company and enable it to regain its position as a market leader.

History and growth of Tesco 

Tesco’s success story began in the early 20th century when Jack Cohen, the founder of Tesco, started selling groceries from a stall in London’s East End. By the 1920s, Cohen had established his first store in Burnt Oak, North London, under the name Tesco. 

The name “Tesco” was derived from the initials of TE Stockwell, a supplier of tea to Cohen, and the first two letters of Cohen’s surname.

In the following years, Tesco continued to expand its business by acquiring other retailers and opening new stores throughout the UK. 

By the 1970s, the company had become one of the largest supermarket chains in the UK. In the 1980s, Tesco introduced new products and services, including Tesco Metro stores, Tesco Express, and Tesco Clubcard, which enabled the company to enhance customer loyalty and increase sales.

In the 1990s, Tesco’s growth continued, and the company expanded its business beyond the UK by entering new international markets such as Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic. By the early 2000s, Tesco had become the largest supermarket chain in the UK, with over 2,500 stores worldwide.

However, the company faced several challenges in the early 2000s, including increasing competition, changing consumer preferences, and economic uncertainties, which had a significant impact on the company’s growth. Tesco’s management realized the need for a change management program that would transform the company and enable it to regain its position as a market leader.

Key Reasons of making changes at Tesco 

There were several key reasons for the changes at Tesco, including:

  • Increasing competition : The rise of discount retailers such as Aldi and Lidl had a significant impact on Tesco’s market share and profitability. These retailers offered lower-priced alternatives, which attracted customers away from Tesco’s stores.
  • Changing consumer preferences: Consumer preferences were shifting towards healthier and more sustainable products, which Tesco was slow to respond to. This led to a decline in sales and customer loyalty.
  • Economic uncertainties: The global economic recession of the late 2000s had a significant impact on Tesco’s financial performance. Consumers were more price-sensitive, and there was increased pressure on retailers to reduce prices.
  • Internal issues: Tesco’s rapid expansion had resulted in organizational complexity, which made decision-making slow and inefficient. There were also issues with employee morale and engagement, which impacted the company’s ability to deliver high-quality customer service.

Steps taken by Tesco to implement change management 

To address the external and internal challenges, Tesco’s management team realized the need for a change management program that would transform the company and enable it to regain its position as a market leader. The changes that were implemented included a focus on cost reduction, improving customer service, and enhancing employee engagement.

To implement the change management strategy, Tesco took several steps, including:

  • Leadership commitment: The company’s senior leadership team was fully committed to the change management program and provided clear direction and support throughout the process.
  • Communication : Tesco developed a comprehensive communication plan to ensure that all employees understood the rationale for the changes and their role in implementing them. The plan included regular updates, town hall meetings, and training sessions.
  • Cost reduction: Tesco implemented a cost reduction program to improve efficiency and profitability. The company reduced its product lines, renegotiated supplier contracts, and streamlined its supply chain.
  • Customer focus: Tesco implemented a new customer service strategy, which included improving the quality of its products, enhancing the in-store experience, and increasing customer engagement through loyalty programs and personalized marketing.
  • Employee engagement: Tesco recognized the importance of employee engagement in delivering high-quality customer service. The company implemented initiatives to improve employee morale, including training programs, recognition schemes, and improved working conditions.
  • Technology: Tesco invested in new technologies to improve its operations and enhance the customer experience. This included the introduction of self-checkout machines, mobile payment options, and online shopping platforms.
  • Measurement and feedback: Tesco established metrics to measure the success of the change management program and solicited feedback from employees and customers to identify areas for improvement.

Positive outcomes and results of change management by Tesco 

The change management program implemented by Tesco resulted in several positive outcomes and results, including:

  • Increased profitability: Tesco’s cost reduction program resulted in improved profitability, with the company’s profits increasing by 28% in the first half of 2017.
  • Enhanced customer experience: Tesco’s focus on improving the customer experience led to increased customer satisfaction and loyalty. The company’s customer satisfaction ratings improved significantly, and it was named the UK’s top supermarket for customer service by consumer watchdog Which? in 2018.
  • Improved employee engagement: Tesco’s initiatives to improve employee engagement resulted in increased employee morale and motivation. The company’s employee engagement scores improved significantly, and it was recognized as one of the UK’s top employers in 2019.
  • Streamlined operations: Tesco’s focus on improving efficiency and reducing complexity resulted in streamlined operations and faster decision-making. The company was able to reduce its product lines and negotiate more favorable supplier contracts, resulting in improved margins.
  • Strong financial performance: Tesco’s change management program helped the company recover from a period of declining sales and market share. The company’s financial performance improved significantly, with revenue increasing by 11.5% and profits increasing by 34.2% in 2018.

Final Words 

Tesco’s change management program is an excellent example of how a company can successfully transform itself in response to external challenges and changing market conditions. The program was comprehensive and multi-faceted, addressing the company’s challenges from multiple angles. Tesco’s leadership commitment, communication strategy, and focus on cost reduction, customer service, and employee engagement were all critical factors in the program’s success.

The positive outcomes and results of the program demonstrate the importance of change management in driving organizational success. Tesco was able to recover from a period of declining sales and market share, and become a more efficient, customer-focused, and profitable organization. The lessons learned from Tesco’s change management program are applicable to businesses of all sizes and industries, highlighting the need for organizations to remain agile and responsive to changing market conditions.

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Tahir Abbas

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Tesco Corporation’s Internationalization Strategy Case Study

Introduction, analysis of the existing strategy, costs and benefits of the strategy, environmental challenges, resources/capabilities, new strategic directions.

Tesco is one of the leading UK retailers that started its international expansion in the 1990s. The company’s focus on internationalization was a successful strategy that led to remarkable growth in many regions and considerable profits that reached $3.8 billion in 2011 (Wrigley, Lowe, & Cudworth, 2013). However, success in some regions was accompanied by major failures in other areas, which led to significant losses, both financial and reputational. This paper includes a brief analysis of the company’s strategy, as well as challenges the company faces and new strategic directions to adapt to address these challenges.

The focus on international expansion was determined by the growing regulatory and competitive pressures Tesco had to handle in the domestic market. The first areas of expansion were countries of Central Europe that were undergoing major transformations in the 1990s after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Regulations in those countries were minimal, and competitors were also quite a few, which enabled the company to earn a significant share of the market (up to 27%) in 2011 (Wrigley et al., 2013). At that, Tesco experienced the most unprecedented growth in Asia, specifically in South Korea. The company is now the second-largest retailer in the country, with revenues of over £5 billion (Butler & Neville, 2013). The company is successfully penetrating the markets of India and China.

Nevertheless, the expansion into the US market that started in 2007 proved to be a failure as the company announced that all the stores would be closed and sold in the near future (Ruddick, 2013). It is noteworthy that Philip Clarke, the company’s CEO, understood the complexity of operating in the USA as the market was saturated, and the competition was rather fierce. However, the decision was to enter the American market with a focus on fresh food (which was quite expensive).

The internationalization of Tesco has a number of peculiarities. First, the company made some partnerships. One of the most successful partnerships was implemented in South Korea (Wrigley et al., 2013). Tesco and Samsung collaboration was successful as Tesco managed to address various issues associated with operating in new markets. First, the retailer managed to learn the peculiarities of the country’s legislation and regulatory policies.

Customers’ needs and characteristic features were also acknowledged. Tesco also managed to establish a retail chain that seemed fully domestic. Another peculiarity of Tesco’s expansion was the focus on its private labels rather than manufacturers’ products. The company also tried to be customer-oriented. However, in many regions, Tesco failed to achieve this goal, which led to failures and losses (Yoder, Visich, & Rustambekov, 2016). The company did not meet the needs of customers in the USA, Japan, and other regions.

It is necessary to note that internationalization is often an effective strategy used when the competition in the domestic market becomes too fierce, or other environmental challenges come into play (Wrigley et al., 2013). The expansion to other markets allows companies to improve profits through the increase in sales. The company can allocate funds wisely and invest in profitable projects. Operating in new markets helps companies become more flexible and innovative.

On the one hand, businesses learn about different regulatory policies and laws. On the other hand, they learn how to adjust to such environments. This flexibility is essential in the contemporary globalized world as regulations and norms existing in some countries tend to be adopted in other regions as well. There are chances that the norms and regulations existing in a foreign market will be used (with some differences) in the domestic market as well.

Nonetheless, the costs associated with the use of this strategy are also substantial. First, any expansion requires significant financial investments (related to acquisitions, alliances, construction of facilities, and so on). For instance, Tesco invested £1.25 billion to enter the American market (Wrigley et al., 2013). Clarke stated that this kind of investment was affordable for the company, and it could become transformational for Tesco in case of success. The CEO also stated that the major reputational loss in case of failure was associated with his name, not the company. Nevertheless, the reputational loss is apparent, and its negative effect can become visible soon. Unsuccessful expansion can come at a high cost, and Tesco’s failures in some regions can be seen as illustrations of these costs.

Tesco’s failures are associated with a number of wrong decisions as well as environmental challenges. First, the company entered the American market a year before the global financial crisis of 2008 (Butler & Neville, 2013). The environmental factor was accompanied by the inability to adjust and the inability to address customer needs (Yoder et al., 2016). For example, Fresh & Easy stores offered high-quality products, but they became unaffordable for price-sensitive Americans.

Furthermore, the focus on private labels was also ineffective in the US market. Martinez-Ruiz, Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Jimenez-Zarco, and Izquierdo-Yusta (2016) stress that American customers often become loyal to particular brands. People’s needs and preferences were not addressed, which resulted in failures. Customers’ peculiarities were not taken into account in other regions as well. For instance, in Poland, people prefer convenience stores to large hypermarkets while Tesco focuses on this type of retail units in that region (Ruddick, 2013). Apart from the inability to identify people’s needs, Tesco also faced issues related to the introduction of new regulations.

For instance, the changes in the Indian legislature has a negative effect on the development of the company and its further expansion in the region (Butler & Neville, 2013). Finally, many countries are trying to address serious financial issues and introduce new taxes, which also has an adverse impact on the company’s growth.

When discussing the resources and capabilities of the international retailer, it is necessary to note that Tesco has substantial funds to invest in numerous projects. The company’s billion profits show that significant funds can be allocated to innovate and expand. Apart from the obvious financial resources, the company also has other resources and capabilities. For instance, Tesco has a positive experience associated with the collaboration with companies operating in new (for Tesco) regions (Wrigley et al., 2013).

This experience can be helpful when expanding to new markets (in India and China). Tesco’s experience in collaborating with other companies can generate value as the company will be able to employ it in other regions (collaborating with other companies). The use of this strategy can help the company reduce costs, understand new markets better, and develop a proper image in the new market.

The company also tries to innovate and come up with new products and services. The development of private labels is one of the areas where Tesco has succeeded in many regions. For example, its tablets have acquired significant popularity (Warman, 2013). Hence, the development of private labels can help the company meet the existing and potential customers’ needs in a more efficient way.

The company is also expanding its e-commerce operations. Tesco’s management claims that being online is one of the major competitive advantages in the retailing industry (Warman, 2013). The company has quite effective information systems that can be used to implement marketing research, share knowledge within the company, and so on. The data obtained can help the company create value-added products and services that can attract more customers and meet the needs of the existing customers.

It may seem that the most appropriate strategy for Tesco is the focus on the domestic market and the most successful foreign markets (such as South Korea). However, the UK market is saturated, and the competition is very serious. The company needs to expand, but the expansion strategy should be based on the lessons learned from previous years. First, Tesco should launch large-scale market research with a focus on customers’ characteristic features (profile).

It is essential to understand what people need and want. One of the successful methods to learn more about new customers is the development of partnerships and alliances. Tesco can collaborate with local businesses to develop a successful marketing strategy.

Yoder et al. (2016) note that ineffective supply chain management contributed to Tesco’s failures. The company should implement research concerning the most efficient locations of stores and other facilities. This task is closely connected with another area of concern. The company should analyze the existing competition in new markets. Tesco should properly evaluate the existing competition and (based on this analysis) decide whether new Tesco stores can be set or other locations should be chosen. It is also important to identify Tesco’s competitive advantage to be able to win the competition or, at least, remain a successful player in the market.

Finally, Tesco should focus on innovation as this strategy has proved to be effective in South Korea and many other countries. The use of technology is instrumental in achieving this goal. For example, South Korean customers enjoy so-called virtual stores (Wrigley et al., 2013). These advances can be equally successful in western countries as well. The use of mobile technologies is also on the rise. E-commerce is another area to develop.

In conclusion, it is possible to state that Tesco has chosen an effective strategy that implies internationalization. This strategy is associated with numerous opportunities, including larger profits, growth, flexibility, organizational learning, etc. However, it is vital to avoid the mistakes the company has made. For instance, Tesco should reconsider its supply chain management, especially when it comes to the choice of location. The company should implement extensive research concerning customers’ needs and preferences.

It is also critical to evaluate properly the existing competition in different markets as well as environmental issues as macro and micro-economic factors affecting the development of countries and regions. Tesco should maintain its focus on innovation, but the use of advanced technologies and marketing strategies should be based on extensive market research. Although the company is still facing numerous internal and external issues, Tesco can still retain its leading position and improve its operations in different markets.

Butler, S., & Neville, S. (2013). Tesco’s empire: Expansion checked in UK and beyond . The Guardian . Web.

Martinez-Ruiz, M. P., Gonzalez-Gonzalez, I., Jimenez-Zarco, A. I., & Izquierdo-Yusta, A. (2016). Private labels at the service of retailers’ image and competitive positioning: The case of Tesco. In M. Gomez-Suarez & M. Martinez Ruiz (Eds.), Handbook of research on strategic retailing of private label products in a recovering economy (pp. 104-126). Hershey, PA: IGI Global.

Ruddick, G. (2013). Is Tesco’s dream of building an international empire unravelling? The Telegraph . Web.

Warman, M. (2013). Tesco Hudl tablet takes on Kindle and iPad . The Telegraph . Web.

Wrigley, N., Lowe, M., & Cudworth, K. (2013). The internationalization of Tesco: New frontiers and new problems. In G. Johnson, R. Whittington, D. Angwin, K. Scholes, & P. Regner (Eds.), Exploring strategy: Text and cases (pp. 657-661). Harlow, UK: Pearson.

Yoder, S., Visich, J., & Rustambekov, E. (2016). Lessons learned from international expansion failures and successes. Business Horizons , 59 (2), 233-243.

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IvyPanda. (2021, July 21). Tesco Corporation's Internationalization Strategy. https://ivypanda.com/essays/tesco-corporations-internationalization-strategy/

"Tesco Corporation's Internationalization Strategy." IvyPanda , 21 July 2021, ivypanda.com/essays/tesco-corporations-internationalization-strategy/.

IvyPanda . (2021) 'Tesco Corporation's Internationalization Strategy'. 21 July.

IvyPanda . 2021. "Tesco Corporation's Internationalization Strategy." July 21, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/tesco-corporations-internationalization-strategy/.

1. IvyPanda . "Tesco Corporation's Internationalization Strategy." July 21, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/tesco-corporations-internationalization-strategy/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "Tesco Corporation's Internationalization Strategy." July 21, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/tesco-corporations-internationalization-strategy/.

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  9. Linking risk management to strategic controls: a case study of Tesco plc

    Int.Journal of Risk Assessment & Management, Vol.7 (8), 2008. Linking risk management to strategic controls: a case study of Tesco plc Margaret Woods Nottingham University Business School, Wollaton Road, Nottingham, UK E mail: [email protected] Abstract: Definitions and perceptions of the role and styles of risk management, and performance management/strategic control systems ...

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