what is the sanskrit word of homework

How to Say Homework in Sanskrit: Formal and Informal Ways

Welcome to this comprehensive guide on how to say “homework” in Sanskrit! In this article, we will explore both formal and informal ways to express this term, giving you a deeper understanding of the language. Whether you’re a student, a language enthusiast, or simply curious about Sanskrit, we’ve got you covered. So, let’s dive in!

Formal Sanskrit Word for Homework

When it comes to formal Sanskrit, the word “homework” can be translated as “अभ्यासः” (pronounced abhyāsaḥ). This term holds the essence of practice, repetition, and disciplined work towards learning. It perfectly captures the essence of homework as an integral part of one’s educational journey.

Informal Sanskrit Word for Homework

While “अभ्यासः” serves as the formal translation, it is worth noting that Sanskrit is a flexible and adaptable language. In everyday conversations, it is common to use “कार्य” (pronounced kārya) to refer to homework in an informal setting. This term can also be translated as “task” or “assignment,” but it conveys the essence of homework in a more colloquial manner.

Usage in Different Regional Variations

Northern india.

In Northern India, the aforementioned terms, “अभ्यासः” and “कार्य,” are widely used to signify homework. They are accepted and understood across various states and regions, making it easy to communicate the idea of homework without any confusion.

Southern India

In Southern India, particularly in states like Tamil Nadu, the word “பாடச்சூழல்” (pronounced paadachool) is commonly used to denote homework. Although this word is from the Tamil language, it holds similar connotations of homework and serves as a regional alternative.

Examples of Usage

Now, let’s explore some examples of how to use these words in sentences to provide you with a practical understanding:

शिक्षायाम् अभ्यासः प्रमुखं अंगम् समभवत् | śikṣāyām abhyāsaḥ pramukhaṁ aṅgam samabhavat | Translation: Homework became a vital part of education.

कृपया, कार्यविभागे किमर्थं इति कथयतु | kṛpayā, kāryavibhāge kimarthaṁ iti kathayatu | Translation: Please explain the purpose of the homework assignment.

Tips for Learning Sanskrit Vocabulary

Here are some tips to help you dive deeper into Sanskrit vocabulary:

1. Practice Pronunciation:

Sanskrit pronunciation can be initially challenging, but with consistent practice, you’ll gain confidence. Listen to audio resources or seek guidance from native speakers if available.

2. Create Flashcards:

Develop a set of flashcards with Sanskrit vocabulary words, including “अभ्यासः” and “कार्य,” to regularly test and reinforce your knowledge. Flashcards are an effective tool for memorization.

3. Utilize Language Learning Apps:

There are various mobile applications available that offer Sanskrit lessons, vocabulary exercises, and pronunciation guides. Take advantage of these resources to strengthen your understanding of the language.

Congratulations! You have now learned multiple ways to say “homework” in Sanskrit. From the formal term “अभ्यासः” to the informal word “कार्य,” you are equipped to express this concept in a variety of situations. Remember to explore regional variations such as “பாடச்சூழல்” if you find yourself in Southern India.

Keep practicing, expanding your Sanskrit vocabulary, and embracing the beauty of this ancient language. Whether you’re engaged in formal education or pursuing language learning as a personal interest, incorporating Sanskrit into your journey will undoubtedly bring depth and richness to your experiences.

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How to Say "Do Your Homework" in Spanish: Formal and Informal Ways

Learning how to say "do your homework" in Spanish is essential if you want to effectively communicate with Spanish speakers. Whether you're a student asking your classmates, a parent reminding your child, or a teacher giving instructions, knowing the appropriate phrases will help you express yourself clearly. In this guide, we'll cover both formal and informal ways to say "do your homework" in Spanish, as well as provide tips, examples, and some regional variations.

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How to Say Hindi Holiday Homework in Hindi

Learning a language includes understanding not only the daily conversation but also specific terms and phrases related to various topics. If you are looking to express the term "Hindi holiday homework" in Hindi, this guide will help you. We will explore both formal and informal ways of saying it, and include tips, examples, and regional variations where necessary. Let's dive in!

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Translation of "homework" into Sanskrit

Work that is done at home, especially school exercises set by a teacher. [..]

Automatic translations of " homework " into Sanskrit

"homework" in english - sanskrit dictionary.

Currently we have no translations for homework in the dictionary, maybe you can add one? Make sure to check automatic translation, translation memory or indirect translations.

"Homework" in English - Sanskrit dictionary

Currently we have no translations for Homework in the dictionary, maybe you can add one? Make sure to check automatic translation, translation memory or indirect translations.

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Translations of "homework" into sanskrit in sentences, translation memory.

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• Sanskrit Heritage site

• Héritage du sanskrit : Sanskrit-French dictionary, by Gérard Huet (2021) + PDF format

• SanskritDictionary : Sanskrit-English dictionary

• LearnSanskrit : Sanskrit-English dictionary

• Indo-Tibetan lexical ressources for the study of Buddhism

• Sanskrit-English dictionary etymologically and philologically arranged, with special reference to cognate Indo-European languages , by Monier Monier-Williams (1899)

+ other version + online search

• Practical Sanskrit-English dictionary by Vaman Shivram Apte (1965, revised edition) + online search

• Student's Sanskrit-English dictionary (1891) + online search

• Practical Sanskrit dictionary by Arthur Macdonell (1929) + online search

• Sanskrit-English dictionary by Carl Capeller (1891) + online search

• Sanskrit-English dictionary & etymologies and comparisons of cognate words chiefly in Greek, Latin, Gothic, and Anglo-Saxon , by Theodor Benfey (1866)

• The roots, verb-forms and primary derivatives of the Sanskrit language by William Whitney (1885)

• Cologne University : Sanskrit dictionaries

• Sanskrit-Wörterbuch : Sanskrit-German dictionary in 7 parts, by Otto Böhtlingk & Rudolph Roth (1855-1875)

• Dictionnaire sanskrit-français : Sanskrit-French dictionary, by Nadine Stchoupak (1959)

• Dictionnaire classique sanscrit-français : Classical Sanskrit-French dictionary, by Émile Burnouf (1866)

• Glossarium comparativum linguæ sanscritæ : Sanskrit-Latin dictionary, by Franz Bopp (1867)

• Radices linguæ sanscritæ : roots of the Sanskrit language (in Latin) by Niels Ludvig Westergaard (1841)

• Shabda kalpadrum , an encyclopædic dictionary of Sanskrit (with etymological origins) by Radha Kanta Deva (1967): I & II - III - IV - V

→ Devanagari Sanskrit Keyboard to type a text with the Sanskrit characters

→ Vedic Sanskrit Keyboard : ancient script used in the Vedas

→ Uttara Sanskrit keyboard : ancient script used in the North

→ Nandinagari Sanskrit keyboard : ancient script used in the South

→ Transliterated Sanskrit Keyboard to type a text with the Latin script

→ Sanskrit conversion Devanagari-Latin

→ Online test to learn to recognize the Devanagari characters

• The Sanskrit Grammarian : declension & conjugation

• LearnSanskrit by xx for beginners

• University of Texas : Ancient Sanskrit , by Karen Thomson & Jonathan Slocum

• Practical Sanskrit introductory by Charles Wikner (1996)

• Sanskrit , introductory course , based on Jīva Gosvāmī's grammar (2000)

• Whence Sanskrit? a brief history of Sanskrit pedagogy in the West , by Herman Tull, in International Journal of Hindu Studies (2015)

• Nommer/penser sa langue et celle des autres  : le cas des grammairiens du sanskrit et des prakrits , by Émilie Aussant, in La nomination des langues dans l'histoire (2009)

• The Sanskrit language by Thomas Burrow (1973)

• Sanskrit grammar for students by Arthur MacDonnel (1927)

• A Sanskrit grammar , including both the classical language, and the older dialects, of Veda and Brahmana , by William Whitney (1889)

• Practical grammar of the Sanskrit language by Monier Monier-Williams (1878)

• Elementary grammar of the Sanscrit language (1846)

• Practical grammar of the Sanskrit language for the use of early students , by Theodor Benfey (1868)

• Sanskrit grammar for beginners , in Devanāgarī and Roman letters throughout , by Max Müller (1866)

• A grammar of the Sanscrit language by Henry Colebrooke (1805)

• Pāṇini's acht Bücher grammatischer Regeln : Sanskrit text, edited by Otto Böhtlingk (1839) : I & II (introduction & commentaries)

• The Ashtādhyāyī of Pāṇini : the eight books translated into English, by Srisa Chandra Vasu (1897)

• La grammaire de Pāṇini : translation into French, by Louis Renou (1966) : I & II

• La grammaire de Pāṇini  : quand la conscience linguistique d'un grammairien devient celle de toute une communauté , by Émilie Aussant, in Revue roumaine de linguistique (2008)

• Les grammairiens indiens du sanskrit et le sens des mots , in Penser l'histoire des savoirs linguistiques (2014)

• Les parties du discours dans la grammaire sanskrite de tradition paninéenne , in Histoire des parties du discours (2019)

• L'autonymie dans la tradition grammaticale sanskrite paninéenne , in Histoire épistémologie langage (2005)

• Pāṇini : his place in Sanskrit literature , by Theodor Goldstücker (1861)

• Terminologie grammaticale du sanskrit by Louis Renou (1957)

• Grammaire de la langue védique (1952)

• Éléments de sanscrit classique by Victor Henry (1902)

• Manuel pour étudier le sanscrit védique , précis de grammaire, chrestomathie, lexique , by Abel Bergaigne & Victor Henry (1890)

• De l'emploi du génitif absolu en sanscrit , by Ferdinand de Saussure (1881)

• Grammaire pratique de la langue sanscrite by Charles de Harlez (1878)

• Grammaire sanscrite by Jules Oppert (1864)

• Méthode pour étudier la langue sanscrite by Émile Burnouf (1861)

• Grammaire abrégée de la langue sanscrite by Léon Rodet (1859) : I & II

• Grammaire sanscrite  : résumé élémentaire de la théorie des formes grammaticales en sanscrit , by Frédéric Baudry (1853)

• Grammaire sanscrite-française by Alix Desgranges (1845) : I & II

• Vedische und Sanskrit-Syntax by Jacob Speyer (1896)

• Elementarbuch der Sanskrit-Sprache by Adolf Friedrich Stenzler (1828)

• Indologica Taurinensia : Online Journal of the International Association of Sanskrit Studies

• books & papers about the Sanskrit language: Google books | Internet archive | Academia | Wikipedia

ॐ मणि पद्मे हूँ

oṃ maṇi padme hūṃ

→ Grantha keyboard

The Grantha alphabet was used to write the Sanskrit sacred texts in the Tamil country.

• Tib Av -Portal : Early Vedic, phonology, morphology, morphosyntactic structure , by Tim Felix, Götz Keydana, Eystein Dahl, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen (2020)

• Digital Corpus of Sanskrit (Latin script)

• Bilingual discourse and cross-cultural fertilisation : Sanskrit and Tamil in medieval India , edited by Whitney Cox & Vincenzo Vergiani (2013)

• Words for worship : Tamil and Sanskrit in medieval temple inscriptions , by Leslie Orr

• A history of Sanskrit literature by Arthur Berriedale Keith (1941)

• A history of Ancient Sanskrit literature , so far as it illustrates the primitive religion of the Brahmans , by Max Müller (1860)

• A Sanskrit reader , with vocabulary and notes , by Charles Rockwell Lanman (1912)

• Nalus , Maha-Bharati episodium : Sanskrit text with Latin traduction, by Franz Bopp (1868)

• ValmikiRamayan : Ramayana , bilingual text Sanskrit-English

• Wikisource : Ramayana in Sanskrit & translation into English

• Bhagavad-gita : Bhagavad-gītā , multilingual version, in Sanskrit characters & transliterated version (+ audio)

• Ramakrishna : Bhagavad-gītā in Sanskrit & German translation, with grammatical analysis & vocabulary (transliterated characters)

• Rig-Veda-Sanhita , the sacred hymns of the Brahmans , édited by Max Müller (1849): I & II - III - IV

• books about the Sanskrit literature: Google books & Internet archive

सर्वे मानवाः स्वतन्त्राः समुत्पन्नाः वर्तन्ते अपि च, गौरवदृशा अधिकारदृशा च समानाः एव वर्तन्ते। एते सर्वे चेतना-तर्क-शक्तिभ्यां सुसम्पन्नाः सन्ति। अपि च, सर्वेऽपि बन्धुत्व-भावनया परस्परं व्यवहरन्तु।

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homework in Gujarati ગુજરાતી

ઘેર કરેલું અથવા કરવાનું કામ. વિદ્યાર્થીએ ઘેર કરવ ાનો પાઠ. ⇄ homework

homework in Hindi हिन्दी

घर का पाठ ⇄ homework
होमवर्क ⇄ homework

homework in Marathi मराठी

गृहपाठ ⇄ homework
तयारी ⇄ homework

homework in Santali

गृहपाठः ⇄ homework

homework in Tamil தமிழ்

வீட்டுப்பாடம் ⇄ homework

homework in English

homework ⇄ expr. do one's homework, (Informal.) to study a subject or situation; be well versed in something. Ex. I have taken the trouble to do my homework on him. I know more about him than he thinks (Maxwell Catto).
homework ⇄ homework, noun. 1. work done at home. 2. a lesson to be studied or prepared outside the classroom.

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English-Sanskrit-Dictionary (V. S. Apte)
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Sanskrit Grammar »
Starting Out

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Introduction

This unit of the guide, called Starting Out , covers the most basic and common parts of Sanskrit grammar. Consider the first two verses of the Bhagavad Gita:

धर्मक्षेत्रे कुरुक्षेत्रे समवेता युयुत्सवः । मामकाः पाण्ड्वाश्चैव किमकुर्वत संजय ॥

dharmakṣetre kurukṣetre samavetā yuyutsavaḥ । māmakāḥ pāṇḍvāścaiva kimakurvata saṃjaya ॥

दृष्ट्वा तु पाण्डवानीकं व्यूढं दुर्योधनस् तदा । आचार्यम् उपसंगम्य राजा वचनम् अब्रवीत् ॥

dṛṣṭvā tu pāṇḍavānīkaṃ vyūḍhaṃ duryodhanas tadā । ācāryam upasaṃgamya rājā vacanam abravīt ॥

By the end of Starting Out, you will be able to read all of the highlighted words in Devanagari (or IAST, if you like), understand their meanings and use, and perfectly explain how they are formed. Pause to realize how remarkable this is: in just a few lessons, you will perfectly understand everything there is to know about these words.

But of course, you will be able to read much more than just a few words! As we develop our Sanskrit ability, we will start to read lines and sentences from many sorts of Sanskrit texts.

As mentioned earlier, a thorough understanding of the sounds in Sanskrit is vital to understanding Sanskrit itself. Sanskrit's vowels and consonants are all involved in regular and ordinary changes that can significantly alter the meaning of a sentence. These changes are all part of a larger set of rules, which is simply known as Sanskrit's grammar .

If you already know what "grammar" is, you can skip this paragraph. But if you do not, I will explain it now. "Grammar" refers to the rules and patterns of a language . Grammar describes both how words are made and how words are put together. Grammar also describes what words mean when they are put together, and it describes how certain combinations of words create new meanings. After all, a language is a way for us to express and share our ideas. Without some common rules and patterns, it becomes hard to understand what another person says or writes. Words that follow the rules of grammar are called grammatical .

Still, what is meant by "Sanskrit" grammar? What makes Sanskrit different from languages like English?

An Overview of Sanskrit Grammar

Sanskrit word order.

Let's look at a basic English sentence:

Elephants eat fruits .

When we read this sentence, we automatically assign different meanings to the different words. Here, "elephants" is the thing that eats the fruit. A word like this is called the subject . The second word, "eat," is the action that the subject does. A word that describes the subject's action is called the verb . The last word, "fruits," is the thing that the subject eats. The thing that the subject affects the most with his action is called the object .

Elephants eat fruits . Subject Verb Object

So, we have subjects , verbs , and objects . In a typical English sentence, the subject comes first, the verb comes in the middle, and the object comes last. We can say that English is mostly in "subject-verb-object" order, or "SVO" for short. Other SVO languages include Arabic, Chinese, Finnish, Russian, and Thai.

But not all languages follow the SVO pattern. We also have VSO (e.g. Classical Arabic and Hebrew, Irish), VOS (e.g. Fijian, Mayan languages), OSV (e.g. Xavante ), OVS (sometimes in Finnish, German, and Hungarian), and SOV (e.g. Hindi, Japanese, Korean, Latin, Mongolian, Nepali, Persian, Quechua). Sanskrit is an SOV language. So are almost all other Indian langauges.

Let's look again at the example above and compare the English and Sanskrit versions of the sentence:

gajāḥ phalāni khādanti Subject Object Verb

Although Sanskrit is an SOV language, Sanskrit word order is not as fixed as it is in English, and SOV is more of a common practice than a strict rule. How can this be? The answer is this: because of Sanskrit's grammatical structure, words carry extra information with them. Because of this extra information, word order is more flexible in Sanskrit than in English.

We can rearrange the Sanskrit words above in any order we like; our result will still be a grammatical sentence. Let's rearrange the words in "Elephants eat fruits" and see how English and Sanskrit react.

Fruits eat elephants . Subject Verb Object
phalāni khādanti gajāḥ Object Verb Subject

Notice that the English example loses its meaning when we rearrange the words. In fact, the new sentence is completely different! The subject has become the object, and the object has become the subject; this makes it look like the fruits are the ones doing the eating! But in Sanskrit, it's OK to rearrange the words in a sentence, at least most of the time. In this sentence, the original idea of elephants eating fruit still remains.

Now we have two questions to consider:

If Sanskrit word order is flexible, then does it matter which word order we use?
What information do Sanskrit words contain that English words do not?

Word order adds emphasis

When we change the order of words in a Sanskrit sentence, the original idea is still there. However, the first word of a sentence usually has the most emphasis , meaning that it's the word we should pay attention to the most. Consider the two sentences below. Both sentences use the same words. The difference between them is that they use different word orders. The word order slightly changes the meaning of the sentence.

You I-ask — It is you that I ask.

I-ask you — I ask you.

Word order acts similarly in other Indo-European languages, like Greek. Consider the first lines of the Iliad and the Odyssey , the two main Ancient Greek epic poems.

Μῆνιν ἄειδε, θεά, Πηληιάδεω Ἀχιλῆος (Menin aeide, Thea, Peleiadeo Achileos) [ Rage sing, Goddess, of-the-son-of-Peleus of-Achilles] Rage — Goddess, sing the rage of Peleus' son Achilles. The Iliad (translated by Robert Fagles)
Ἄνδρα μοι ἔννεπε, Μοῦσα, πολύτροπον … (Andra moi ennepe, Mousa, polutropon, hos mala polla) [ Man me tell, O-Muse, the-much-twister who very in-many-ways.] Sing to me of the man, Muse, the man of twists and turns … The Odyssey (translated by Robert Fagles)

The Iliad, a story of war and Achilles' rage, fittingly starts with the word "rage." The Odyssey, a story of a man's long journey home, fittingly starts with the word "man."

Inflection adds information

'Play' becomes 'plays,' 'playing,' and 'played.'

The word "play" and its behavior in English.

Inflection is the way a basic word starts to carry more information about what it means in a sentence. We inflect words by taking smaller words and slightly changing them. English does not have much inflection left, but we can still see it in some places.

For example, we can see inflection in the word "play." We say "I play" and "you play," but we say "he plays ," not "he play." This is inflection! The word "play" changed a little bit to show that the subject is "he," "she," or "it," instead of "I" or "you." So, if we saw just the word "plays," we could guess that the original subject was "he," "she," or "it."

Let's look at "play" again. We say "I play" and "I will play," but we say "I played ." This is inflection again! The word "play" changed to show that the action has already happened. We can work backward from the word "played" and figure that out. Meanwhile, "I will play" shows no inflection at all: "play" does not change, and we can't work backward from just "play."

It is important to realize that an inflected word is still one word. Sanskrit, like most Indo-European languages, uses inflection to a far greater extent than English does. In Sanskrit, a complex idea can exist as one word and still carry a single and precise meaning. For example, ideas like "from the two villages" (Sanskrit grāmābhyām ) and "they will want to go" (Sanskrit jigamiṣiṣyanti ) are each inflected versions of simpler words ( grāma , gam ).

But are inflected languages preferable to non-inflected ones? I think the difference between them is only one of personal taste. More inflected languages are called synthetic languages , and you can click here to read more about them. Less inflected languages are called analytic languages , and you can click here to read more about them. Many languages, like English and Japanese, have features of both.

In this lesson, we've learned the following terms:

Constructed scripts
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Sanskrit (संस्कृतम्)

Sanskrit is the classical language of Indian and the liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. It is also one of the 22 official languages of India. The name Sanskrit means "refined", "consecrated" and "sanctified". It has always been regarded as the 'high' language and used mainly for religious and scientific discourse.

Vedic Sanskrit, the pre-Classical form of the language and the liturgical language of the Vedic religion, is one of the earliest attested members of the Indo-European language family. The oldest known text in Sanskrit, the Rigveda , a collection of over a thousand Hindu hymns, composed during the 2nd millenium BC.

Today Sanskrit is used mainly in Hindu religious rituals as a ceremonial language for hymns and mantras. Efforts are also being made to revive Sanskrit as an everyday spoken language in the village of Mattur near Shimoga in Karnataka. A modern form of Sanskrit is one of the 17 official home languages in India.

There are about 24,800 people in India who speak Sanskrit as a first language, in particularly in Allahabad, Jaunpur, Kaushambi, and Pratagarh districts of Uttar Pradesh state, and also in Delhi and other cities. Another 5 million people in India use Sanskrit as a second language, and 3,000 people in Nepal do so as well.

Since the late 19th century, Sanskrit has been written mostly with the Devanāgarī alphabet. However it has also been written with all the other alphabets of India, except Gurmukhi and Tamil, and with other alphabets such as Thai and Tibetan . The Bhaiksuki , Grantha , Sharda and Siddham alphabets are used only for Sanskrit.

Since the late 18th century, Sanskrit has also been written with the Latin alphabet. The most commonly used system is the International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration (IAST), which was been the standard for academic work since 1912.

Devanāgarī alphabet for Sanskrit

Note : there are about a thousand conjunct consonants, most of which combine two or three consonants. There are also some with four-consonant conjuncts and at least one well-known conjunct with five consonants. This is a selection of commonly-used conjuncts.

Sample text in Sanskrit

Translated into Sanskrit by Arvind Iyengar

Tranliteration

Sarvē mānavāḥ svatantrāḥ samutpannāḥ vartantē api ca, gauravadr̥śā adhikāradr̥śā ca samānāḥ ēva vartantē. Ētē sarvē cētanā-tarka-śaktibhyāṁ susampannāḥ santi. Api ca, sarvē´pi bandhutva-bhāvanayā parasparaṁ vyavaharantu.

Hear a recording of this text by Muralikrishnan Ramasamy

Another version of this text

Transliteration (by stefán steinsson).

Sarvē mānavāḥ janmanā svatantrāḥ vaiyaktikagauravēṇa adhikārēṇa ca tulyāḥ ēva, sarvēṣāṃ vivēkaḥ ātmasākṣī ca vartatē, sarvē parasparaṃ bhrātṛbhāvēna vyavaharēyuḥ.

Hear a recording of this text by Shriramana Sharma

Some details provided by Shriramana Sharma and Krittathat Kaeofung

Translation

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. (Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

Information about Sanskrit | Phrases | Numbers | Tower of Babel | Writing systems for Sanskrit: Devanagari , Bhaiksuki , Brahmi , Galik , Grantha , Gupta , Kadamba , Kharosthi , Nandinagari , Sharda , Siddham , Thai , Tibetan

Information about the Sanskrit language http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit https://www.ethnologue.com/language/san https://www.worldhistory.org/Sanskrit/

Online Sanskrit lessons https://learnsanskrit.org/ https://learnsanskritlanguage.com/ https://learnsanskritonline.com/ https://sgc.best/

Sanskrit phrases http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Sanskrit/Everyday_Phrases

Sanskrit dictionaries http://www.uni-koeln.de/phil-fak/indologie/tamil/cap_search.html https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/tamil/

Devanagari fonts and keyboards http://www.wazu.jp/gallery/Fonts_Devanagari.html http://www.devanagarifonts.net http://www.sanskritweb.net/cakram/

Sanskrit Library - contains digitized Sanskrit texts and various tools to analyse them http://sanskritlibrary.org/

ALPHABETUM - a Unicode font for ancient scripts, including Classical & Medieval Latin, Ancient Greek, Etruscan, Oscan, Umbrian, Faliscan, Messapic, Picene, Iberian, Celtiberian, Gothic, Runic, Old & Middle English, Hebrew, Sanskrit, Old Nordic, Ogham, Kharosthi, Glagolitic, Anatolian scripts, Phoenician, Brahmi, Imperial Aramaic, Old Turkic, Old Permic, Ugaritic, Linear B, Phaistos Disc, Meroitic, Coptic, Cypriot and Avestan. https://www.typofonts.com/alphabetum.html

Indo-Aryan languages

Awadhi , Assamese , Bagri , Bengali , Bhili , Bishnupriya Manipuri , Braj , Chakma , Chhattisgarhi , Chittagonian , Desiya , Dhatki , Dhivehi , Dhundari , Fiji Hindi , Gawar Bati , Gujarati , Hajong , Halbi , Haryanvi , Hindi , Hindko , Kannauji , Khandeshi , Konkani , Kotia , Kumaoni , Kutchi , Lambadi , Marathi , Marwari , Mewari , Modi , Nimadi , Noakhailla , Odia , Parkari Koli , Punjabi , Rajasthani , Rajbanshi , Rangpuri , Rohingya , Saraiki , Sarnámi Hindustani , Sindhi , Sinhala , Sourashtra , Sugali , Sylheti , Tanchangya , Urdu

Languages written with the Devanāgarī alphabet

Aka-Jeru , Angika , Athpare , Avestan , Awadhi , Bahing , Balti , Bantawa , Belhare , Bhili , Bhumij , Bilaspuri , Bodo , Bhojpuri , Braj , Car , Chamling , Chhantyal , Chhattisgarhi , Chambeali , Danwar , Dhatki , Dhimal , Dhundari , Digaro Mishmi , Dogri , Doteli , Gaddi , Garhwali , Gondi , Gurung , Halbi , Haryanvi , Hindi , Ho , Jarawa , Jaunsari , Jirel , Jumli , Kagate , Kannauji , Kham , Kangri , Kashmiri , Khaling , Khandeshi , Kharia , Khortha , Korku , Konkani , Kullui , Kumaoni , Kurmali , Kurukh , Kusunda , Lambadi , Limbu , Lhomi , Lhowa , Magahi , Magar , Mahasu Pahari , Maithili , Maldivian , Malto , Mandeali , Marathi , Marwari , Mewari , Mundari , Nancowry . Newar , Nepali , Nimadi , Nishi , Onge , Pahari , Pali , Pangwali , Rajasthani , Rajbanshi , Rangpuri , Sadri , Sanskrit , Santali , Saraiki , Sirmauri , Sherpa , Shina , Sindhi , Sunwar , Sylheti , Tamang , Thakali , Thangmi , Wambule , Wancho , Yakkha , Yolmo

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For the busy:

What's covered: First 6 vowels in devanāgarī. How verb formed. Verbs √gam, √prach. Word for “and”. And how to make basic sentence.

Source: Introduction to Sanskrit (4th Ed) – Thomas Egenes – Part One

Resources for entire course:

Textbook PDF file used in class. It is 3rd Ed. ( Copyright: Book is by Thomas Egenes. To support his work, consider buying one of his books.)
Sanskrit Verses download.
Spoken Sanskrit download.
How to pronounce each letter of Sanskrit alphabet: text | audio .
Windows software to type Roman characters with diacritics ( EG: ṇ, ñ, ḍ, ś, ṣ, etc).
Table of various encodings to write sanskrit.

Guidelines for entire course:

Create a plan which incorporates at least 3-10 hours per week for homework and memorization. Each class will revise the previous.
If busy life, then at least do half.
If still busy, then at least do quarter.
Verse: On Practice
Spoken Sanskrit: Week 1
Rule: Left-to-right. Top-to-bottom. Roof last.
Ensure know how to pronounce 6 vowel letters: text | audio .
Do exercises in book.

You'll have more questions throughout the course. How to ask? Leave in comments below, so others can also benefit. I will respond in 72 hours. Only ask specific to Lesson.

Recorded 1 March, 2020

Namaste! Thanks for this wonderful opportunity dear teacher. My name is Jay Kamizi, i am leaving in Sweden but i am from Brazil. My question is: i just found out your course on this week and i started to study today 26- 08-20. Is that ok? I will do the 6 months course, but i am wondering if when you finish the 6 months current class, all the material is going to be offline, and in this case i am at beginning of the course still. Thanks, have a blissful day.

Greetings Jay. Course will go much longer then 6 months. Likely won’t begin new course 2022. However you can get notified if signup to notification list yesvedanta.com/sanskrit-updates/

My name is Ignea, and I wish to waste my time with a commencement, in to learningSanskrit, so I can’t feel alone on this new great journey, this course must go on. I’m 68years old, is it possible to reach a certificate? I’m from Brasil and teatcher of yoga.

New reg currently closed.

I am from India. I presume Sanskrit is originated from India we are not exposed with Sanskrit course. In Mumbai I did not find any person taking study seriously. I want to learn sanskrit at age of 57

Rajiv, only way is via yesvedanta.com/sanskrit – because any future restarts will be done offline, as I enjoy face-to-face more. Although, may also put camera in class for webinar for those who can’t attend.

The 1000 most common Sanskrit words [Complete List]

We produced this list of the 1000 most common Sanskrit words through a statistical analysis of a large number of Sanskrit texts.

These texts include passages from the Mahabharata (a long epic narrative from ancient India), several of the Upanishads (ancient Indian religious and philosophical texts), as well as several yogic texts (including the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali and the Hatha Yoga Pradipika).

Sanskrit is an inflected language, meaning that word endings often change depending on grammatical cases. We did our best to convert the words from the texts into their dictionary form, before counting their occurrences and sorting them by frequency.

This Sanskrit vocabulary list is sorted by frequency, meaning that the words at the top of the list occur more frequently than those further down the list.

The purpose of this list is to help those interested in learning the Sanskrit language assimilate the most basic vocabulary.

The Sanskrit word “न” (na) has the same origin as the Latin word “ne” and the English word “no”. Sanskrit and Latin belong to the Indo-European language family, and so does English.

कर (kara) [noun] (doer, maker)

In Yogic texts, the Sanskrit word “एक” (eka) often appears in the compound “एकाग्रता” (ekāgratā) which means “one-pointedness” and refers to focused, undivided attention.

आदि (ādi) [noun] (beginning)
च (ca) [conjunction] (and)
समय (samaya) [noun] (time, agreement)
त्वम् (tvam) [pronoun] (you (singular))
कारण (kāraṇa) [noun] (cause, reason)
पुत्र (putra) [noun] (son)
हि (hi) [particle] (indeed)
इदम् (idam) [pronoun] (this)
अस्ति (asti) [verb] (to be)
मनुष्य (manuṣya) [noun] (human, man)
समान (samāna) [adjective] (equal, alike)
तद् (tad) [pronoun] (that)

The Sanskrit word “सर्व” (sarva) is the origin of the Pali word “sabba”. Pali and Sanskrit are related languages from ancient India. Sanskrit is the language of ancient Hindu texts; Pali is the language used in Theravada Buddhist texts.

जा (jā) [noun] (offspring, descendants)
यदि (yadi) [conjunction] (if)
राजन् (rājan) [noun] (king)
त्याग (tyāga) [noun] (renunciation, abandonment)
देवता (devatā) [noun] (deity, god)
युद्ध (yuddha) [noun] (war, battle)
श्रेष्ठ (śreṣṭha) [adjective] (best, most excellent)
धर्म (dharma) [noun] (duty, righteousness, religion)
ब्राह्मण (brāhmaṇa) [noun] (Brahmin)
अहम् (aham) [pronoun] (I)
पुरुष (puruṣa) [noun] (man, person, spirit)
सदा (sadā) [adverb] (always)
श्लोक (śloka) [noun] (sound, verse, stanza)

There are several Sanskrit words that translate to “body”. The most common of these terms is probably “शरीर” (śarīra) but there is also the term “काय” (kāya).

स्वरूप (svarūpa) [noun] (true form, own nature)
अध्याय (adhyāya) [noun] (chapter, lesson)
रूप (rūpa) [noun] (form, appearance)
उत्तम (uttama) [adjective] (greatest)
गुण (guṇa) [noun] (quality)

The Sanskrit word “रथ” (ratha) translates to “chariot”. It is a common term in Sanskrit literature because chariots were used in the battles described in epic narratives such as the Mahabharata.

बुद्धि (buddhi) [noun] (intellect)
इच्छा (icchā) [noun] (desire)
भाव (bhāva) [noun] (becoming, being)
कार्य (kārya) [noun] (work, task)
वीर (vīra) [noun] (hero, brave)
प्रकृति (prakṛti) [noun] (nature, primal matter)
यज्ञ (yajña) [noun] (Vedic sacrifice, ritual)
स (sa) [pronoun] (he, that)
महर्षि (maharṣi) [noun] (great sage)
यद् (yad) [pronoun] (which, who, whatever, whichever)
केवल (kevala) [adjective] (only, alone)
अनुसार (anusāra) [noun] (following)
दिव्य (divya) [adjective] (divine, celestial)
धारण (dhāraṇa) [noun] (holding, bearing, wearing)

The pursuit of philosophical and spiritual knowledge is a central part of many ancient Sanskrit texts. This explains why the Sanskrit word “ज्ञान” (jñāna) (which means “knowledge”) is a frequently-occurring term in these texts.

यत् (yat) [pronoun] (who, which, whichever)
शक्ति (śakti) [noun] (power, ability, strength)
जगत् (jagat) [noun] (world, universe)
लोक (loka) [noun] (world, realm, people)
अन्य (anya) [adjective] (other, another)
भवति (bhavati) [verb] (is, becomes)
स्थित (sthita) [verb/adjective] (situated, standing, existing)
क (ka) [pronoun] (who, what)
दिन (dina) [noun] (day)
दान (dāna) [noun] (giving, gift, charity)
प्रिय (priya) [adjective] (dear, beloved)
विषय (viṣaya) [noun] (subject, topic, matter)
बाण (bāṇa) [noun] (arrow)
शत्रु (śatru) [noun] (enemy)
अनेक (aneka) [adjective] (many, numerous)
धन (dhana) [noun] (wealth, money)
मार (māra) [noun] (killing, death)
अधिक (adhika) [adjective] (more, excessive)
इति (iti) [particle] (thus, so (often used to quote direct speech or denote the end of a statement))
वस्तु (vastu) [noun] (object, thing)
रक्षा (rakṣā) [noun] (protection, care)
अर्थ (artha) [noun] (meaning, purpose, wealth)
सेना (senā) [noun] (army)
भयंकर (bhayaṅkara) [adjective] (terrifying, dreadful)
अग्नि (agni) [noun] (fire)
विशाल (viśāla) [adjective] (wide, expansive, large)
पृथ्वी (pṛthvī) [noun] (earth)
प्राण (prāṇa) [noun] (breath, life force)
दृष्टि (dṛṣṭi) [noun] (sight, vision)

The Sanskrit word “राज” (rāja) means “king”. Interestingly, this word appears in the name of a state in northern India, Rajasthan (which means “the Land of Kings”).

बल (bala) [noun] (strength, power)
सेवा (sevā) [noun] (service)

Yoga practitioners will recognize the Sanskrit word “सूर्य” (sūrya) because it appears in the name of a classic sequence of yoga postures called Surya Namaskar or Sun Salutation.

नित्य (nitya) [adjective] (eternal)
वृक्ष (vṛkṣa) [noun] (tree)
भिन्न (bhinna) [adjective] (different, split)
भक्त (bhakta) [noun] (devotee)
वाचक (vācaka) [noun] (speaker)
शब्द (śabda) [noun] (word, sound)
जल (jala) [noun] (water)
सुन्दर (sundara) [adjective] (beautiful)
आज (āja) [noun] (today)
मम (mama) [pronoun] (my, mine)
युक्त (yukta) [adjective] (appropriate, connected)
सह (saha) [preposition or indeclinable] (with, together)
शास्त्र (śāstra) [noun] (treatise, scripture)
अस्त्र (astra) [noun] (weapon)
भय (bhaya) [noun] (fear)
आकाश (ākāśa) [noun] (sky, space)
शीघ्र (śīghra) [adjective] (quick, fast)
क्षत्रिय (kṣatriya) [noun] (member of the warrior class, Kshatriya)
सम (sama) [adjective] (equal, same)
आज्ञा (ājñā) [noun] (command, order)
नष्ट (naṣṭa) [adjective] (lost, destroyed)
सा (sā) [pronoun] (she, that (feminine))
शोभा (śobhā) [noun] (beauty, splendor)
द्वेष (dveṣa) [noun] (hatred, enmity)
सुख (sukha) [noun] (happiness, comfort)
पूर्ण (pūrṇa) [adjective] (full, complete)
वेद (veda) [noun] (knowledge, specifically refers to the ancient scriptures)
वन (vana) [noun] (forest)
आश्रम (āśrama) [noun] (hermitage, a stage of life)
पद (pada) [noun] (foot, step, position)
स्थान (sthāna) [noun] (place)
यथा (yathā) [adverb] (as, like)
देव (deva) [noun] (god)
मान (māna) [noun] (honor, pride)

Many ancient Sanskrit texts have a religious or spiritual focus. This is why the word “पूजा” (pūjā) —which means “worship”— frequently appears in these texts.

दुःख (duḥkha) [noun] (sorrow, suffering)
भेद (bheda) [noun] (difference, distinction)
विचार (vicāra) [noun] (thought, reflection)
वचन (vacana) [noun] (word, speech)
भोग (bhoga) [noun] (enjoyment, pleasure)

The Sanskrit word “साधन” (sādhana) often refers to a practice aimed at achieving spiritual realizations.

नाश (nāśa) [noun] (destruction)
तत्र (tatra) [adverb] (there)
स्त्री (strī) [noun] (woman)
सत्य (satya) [noun] (truth)
अवस्था (avasthā) [noun] (condition, state)
अंश (aṃśa) [noun] (part, portion)
राज्य (rājya) [noun] (kingdom)
श्रद्धा (śraddhā) [noun] (faith)
ऋषि (ṛṣi) [noun] (sage)
उपदेश (upadeśa) [noun] (instruction, advice)
वर (vara) [noun] (boon, best, bridegroom)
दर्शन (darśana) [noun] (philosophy, view, sight)
क्रिया (kriyā) [noun] (action)
राक्षस (rākṣasa) [noun] (demon)
कन्या (kanyā) [noun] (maiden, girl)
तु (tu) [particle] (but, and)
करोति (karoti) [verb] (does, makes)
प्रति (prati) [preposition] (towards, against)
पवित्र (pavitra) [adjective] (pure, holy)
तप (tapa) [noun] (heat, austerity, penance)
काम (kāma) [noun] (desire, love)
ब्रह्म (brahma) [noun] (Brahma, sacred, Absolute)
स्मरण (smaraṇa) [noun] (remembrance, memory)
कर्तव्य (kartavya) [adjective] (dutiful, obligatory)
कौरव (kaurava) [noun/proper noun] (descendant of Kuru, Kaurava)
कर्ण (karṇa) [noun/proper noun] (ear, Karna)
प्रसन्न (prasanna) [adjective] (pleased, clear, serene)
काल (kāla) [noun] (time)
पितृ (pitṛ) [noun] (father, ancestor)
हृदय (hṛdaya) [noun] (heart)
सिद्ध (siddha) [adjective] (accomplished, perfected)
तत्पश्चात् (tatpaścāt) [adverb] (afterwards, later)
उत्तर (uttara) [noun/adjective] (north, higher, answer)
शस्त्र (śastra) [noun] (weapon)
राग (rāga) [noun] (attachment, passion, color)
अभाव (abhāva) [noun] (non-existence, absence)
उत्पत्ति (utpatti) [noun] (origin, creation)
पाप (pāpa) [noun/adjective] (sin, evil)
एष (eṣa) [pronoun] (this, these)
अत्र (atra) [adverb] (here)
वायु (vāyu) [noun] (wind, air)
मुख (mukha) [noun] (face, mouth)
सभा (sabhā) [noun] (assembly, hall)
शोक (śoka) [noun] (grief, sorrow)
गति (gati) [noun] (movement, speed, destination)
पर्वत (parvata) [noun] (mountain)
बहु (bahu) [adjective] (many)
एव (eva) [adverb] (indeed)
पूर्व (pūrva) [adjective] (eastern, former)
क्रोध (krodha) [noun] (anger)
जिन (jina) [noun] (conqueror (commonly used as an epithet for Mahavira, the founder of Jainism))
वर्ष (varṣa) [noun] (year, rain)
पर (para) [adjective] (other, beyond)
तस्य (tasya) [pronoun] (his, her, its)
भवन्ति (bhavanti) [verb] ((they) are)
सैनिक (sainika) [noun] (soldier)
नेत्र (netra) [noun] (eye)
आश्रय (āśraya) [noun] (shelter, refuge)
अश्व (aśva) [noun] (horse)
प्रवेश (praveśa) [noun] (entry, entrance)
यत्र (yatra) [pronoun] (where)
वर्ण (varṇa) [noun] (color, class)
स्थिति (sthiti) [noun] (position, condition)
विद्या (vidyā) [noun] (knowledge, learning)
गन्धर्व (gandharva) [noun] (celestial musician)
नामक (nāmaka) [adjective] (named)
विजय (vijaya) [noun] (victory)
आरम्भ (ārambha) [noun] (beginning)
ध्यान (dhyāna) [noun] (meditation)
हन्ति (hanti) [verb] (kills)
अनन्त (ananta) [adjective] (endless, infinite)
मूल (mūla) [noun] (root)
माता (mātā) [noun] (mother)
मार्ग (mārga) [noun] (path, way)
सिंह (siṃha) [noun] (lion)
व्रत (vrata) [noun] (vow)

Two different Sanskrit words that can be translated as “ocean” are in this vocabulary list: “समुद्र” (samudra) and “सागर” (sāgara). As it appears higher on this list, the first of these two terms was more frequent in the texts that we analyzed.

पशु (paśu) [noun] (animal)
योग्य (yogya) [adjective] (suitable, competent)
भाग (bhāga) [noun] (part, share)
वस्त्र (vastra) [noun] (cloth, garment)
पदार्थ (padārtha) [noun] (element, substance)
नगर (nagara) [noun] (city)
कथा (kathā) [noun] (story)
संख्या (saṅkhyā) [noun] (number)
सर्वत्र (sarvatra) [adverb] (everywhere)
रहस्य (rahasya) [noun] (secret)
सिद्धि (siddhi) [noun] (accomplishment)
पद् (pad) [noun] (word, step)
पति (pati) [noun] (husband, lord)
निवास (nivāsa) [noun] (residence)
वैश्य (vaiśya) [noun] (member of the merchant, trader class)
शुद्ध (śuddha) [adjective] (pure)
भूत (bhūta) [noun] (being, ghost)
राजन (rājan) [noun] (king)
मया (mayā) [pronoun] (by me)
सत् (sat) [adjective] (true, existent)
कुरु (kuru) [verb] (do, make)
मधुर (madhura) [adjective] (sweet)
स्नान (snāna) [noun] (bath)
भक्ति (bhakti) [noun] (devotion)
संसार (saṃsāra) [noun] (world, cycle of existence)
भव (bhava) [noun] (being, existence)
मृत्यु (mṛtyu) [noun] (death)
देश (deśa) [noun] (country, region)
किम् (kim) [pronoun] (what)
तदा (tadā) [adverb] (then, at that time)
प्रकाश (prakāśa) [noun] (light, illumination)
हेतु (hetu) [noun] (cause, reason)
प्रश्न (praśna) [noun] (question)
मुक्त (mukta) [adjective] (liberated, freed)
उपाय (upāya) [noun] (means, strategy)
तीर्थ (tīrtha) [noun] (sacred pilgrimage place, ford)
दिशा (diśā) [noun] (direction)
ग्रहण (grahaṇa) [noun] (eclipse, seizing, accepting)
अभिप्राय (abhiprāya) [noun] (intention, meaning)
प्रतिज्ञा (pratijñā) [noun] (promise, vow)
द्वार (dvāra) [noun] (door)
पितामह (pitāmaha) [noun] (grandfather)
अपि (api) [adverb] (also)
संशय (saṃśaya) [noun] (doubt)
अधिकार (adhikāra) [noun] (authority)
चिन्तन (cintan) [noun] (contemplation)
वा (vā) [conjunction] (or)
कष्ट (kaṣṭa) [adjective] (difficult)
सहित (sahita) [adjective] (together with)
अन्तःकरण (antaḥkaraṇa) [noun] (conscience)
योग (yoga) [noun] (union, yoga)
वृद्ध (vṛddha) [adjective] (old)
जीव (jīva) [noun] (life)
विवाह (vivāha) [noun] (marriage)
स्थिर (sthira) [adjective] (steady)
पत्नी (patnī) [noun] (wife)
वाणी (vāṇī) [noun] (speech)
निरन्तर (nirantara) [adjective] (continuous)
कठिन (kaṭhina) [adjective] (difficult)
तव (tava) [pronoun] (your)
गच्छ (gaccha) [verb] (go)
विधि (vidhi) [noun] (method, rule)
हर्ष (harṣa) [noun] (joy)
जीवन (jīvana) [noun] (life)
अज्ञान (ajñāna) [noun] (ignorance)
नर (nara) [noun] (man)
बालक (bālaka) [noun] (boy)
धारा (dhārā) [noun] (stream)

You might recognize a similarity between the Sanskrit word “प्रदेश” (pradeśa) and the name of the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. That is because this Sanskrit word has been borrowed by the Hindi language.

वश (vaśa) [adjective] (under control)
द्वितीय (dvitīya) [adjective] (second)
दानव (dānava) [noun] (demon)
कुमार (kumāra) [noun] (boy, prince)
उत्साह (utsāha) [noun] (enthusiasm)
विश्वास (viśvāsa) [noun] (trust, belief)
नदी (nadī) [noun] (river)
एकत्र (ekatra) [adverb] (together, in one place)
अयम् (ayam) [pronoun] (this (masculine))
लोभ (lobha) [noun] (greed)
दत्त (datta) [past participle] (given)
कथन (kathana) [noun] (saying, speaking)
जीवित (jīvita) [noun] (life)
ईश्वर (īśvara) [noun, proper noun] (God, a deity)
शाप (śāpa) [noun] (curse)
अन्त (anta) [noun] (end)
पुण्य (puṇya) [noun] (virtue, merit)
विनाश (vināśa) [noun] (destruction)
दोष (doṣa) [noun] (fault, defect)
यात्रा (yātrā) [noun] (journey, travel)
शल्य (śalya) [noun] (thorn, shard, discomfort)
हित (hita) [adjective] (beneficial)
कृत्वा (kṛtvā) [absolutive (verbal noun)] (having done)
वेग (vega) [noun] (speed, velocity)
मनोहर (manohara) [adjective] (charming, captivating)
गर्भ (garbha) [noun] (womb)
देवी (devī) [noun] (goddess)
शरण (śaraṇa) [noun] (refuge, shelter)
तात (tāta) [noun] (father)
आनन्द (ānanda) [noun] (bliss, joy)
रात्रि (rātri) [noun] (night)
नमस्कार (namaskāra) [noun] (greeting, salutation)
पोषण (poṣaṇa) [noun] (nourishment)
ददाति (dadāti) [verb] (gives)
स्व (sva) [pronoun/adjective] (self, own)
मनस् (manas) [noun] (mind)
गम्भीर (gambhīra) [adjective] (deep, profound)
संयोग (saṃyoga) [noun] (union, conjunction)
शिक्षा (śikṣā) [noun] (education, instruction)
गुरु (guru) [noun] (teacher, spiritual guide)
अहंकार (ahaṃkāra) [noun] (ego, self-conceit)
रमणीय (ramaṇīya) [adjective] (pleasing, delightful)
भजन (bhajana) [noun] (devotion, service, worship)
वसु (vasu) [noun] (wealth, good, bright)
चित्त (citta) [noun] (mind, consciousness)
विकार (vikāra) [noun] (change, alteration, emotion)
अनुभव (anubhava) [noun] (experience)
जीत (jīta) [adjective] (oppressed)
भर (bhara) [noun] (burden, load)
महत् (mahat) [adjective] (great, mighty)
प्रजा (prajā) [noun] (subjects, offspring, people)
हर (hara) [verb] (to take away)
गदा (gadā) [noun] (club, mace)
आत्मन् (ātman) [noun] (self, soul, spirit)
रत्न (ratna) [noun] (gem, jewel)
भूमि (bhūmi) [noun] (earth, ground, land)
नृप (nṛpa) [noun] (king, ruler)
कुशल (kuśala) [adjective] (skilful, clever, proficient)
मेघ (megha) [noun] (cloud)
सुन्दरी (sundarī) [adjective/noun] (beautiful (as an adjective) or beautiful woman (as a noun))
द्वि (dvi) [prefix/numeral] (two)
भिक्षा (bhikṣā) [noun] (alms, begging)
उपवास (upavāsa) [noun] (fasting)
भोजन (bhojana) [noun] (food, meal)
व्यवहार (vyavahāra) [noun] (conduct, behavior, practice)
स्पर्श (sparśa) [noun] (touch)
दैत्य (daitya) [noun] (demon)
सृष्टि (sṛṣṭi) [noun] (creation)
ब्रह्मविद्या (brahmavidyā) [noun] (knowledge of the ultimate reality, spiritual knowledge)
क्षेत्र (kṣetra) [noun] (field, domain, sacred place)
भ्रातृ (bhrātṛ) [noun] (brother)
श्रवण (śravaṇa) [noun] (hearing, listening)
प्रधान (pradhāna) [noun] (principle, main)
वध (vadha) [noun] (killing, slaying)
विश्व (viśva) [noun/adjective] (world, universe, all, entire)
मन्त्र (mantra) [noun] (sacred utterance, incantation)
कला (kalā) [noun] (art, skill)
नाग (nāga) [noun] (snake, serpent)
सर्प (sarpa) [noun] (snake)
शिखर (śikhara) [noun] (peak, summit)
बाल (bāla) [adjective/noun] (child, young)
खा (khā) [verb] (to eat)
पक्ष (pakṣa) [noun] (side, wing)
शेष (śeṣa) [adjective/noun] (remaining, rest, all that is left)
वाच् (vāc) [noun] (speech, voice)
राजर्षि (rājarṣi) [noun] (royal sage, king who is also a sage)
पुत्री (putrī) [noun] (daughter)
आयुध (āyudha) [noun] (weapon)
तपस् (tapas) [noun] (heat, penance, austerity)
खेल (khela) [noun] (sport, play)
आदर (ādara) [noun] (respect)
वृद्धि (vṛddhi) [noun] (growth, increase)
कश्चित् (kashcit) [pronoun] (someone, anyone, some)
शान्ति (śānti) [noun] (peace)
मस्तक (mastaka) [noun] (head, forehead)
दृश्य (dṛśya) [adjective] (visible, that which is seen)
आवश्यक (āvaśyaka) [adjective] (necessary, essential)
उचित (ucita) [adjective] (appropriate, proper)
दूर (dūra) [adjective] (far, distant)
एतद् (etad) [pronoun] (this, these)
ध्वज (dhvaja) [noun] (flag, banner)
मित्र (mitra) [noun] (friend)
सनातन (sanātana) [adjective] (eternal, perpetual)
संकल्प (saṅkalpa) [noun] (resolve, determination)
हस्त (hasta) [noun] (hand)
सदृश (sadṛśa) [adjective] (similar, like)
संदेह (saṅdeha) [noun] (doubt, suspicion)

If the Sanskrit word “अवतार” (avatāra) sounds familiar, that is because the English word “avatar” is derived from it.

पान (pāna) [noun] (drink)

The Sanskrit word “पण्डित” (paṇḍita) refers to a scholar. This term is the origin of the English word “pundit” which refers to an expert who gives their opinion in the media.

प्रसाद (prasāda) [noun] (grace, blessing, offering)
दशा (daśā) [noun] (condition, state, phase)
विशेष (viśeṣa) [adjective] (special, distinct)
चिन्ता (cintā) [noun] (worry, anxiety)
धैर्य (dhairya) [noun] (courage, patience)
पश्चात् (paścāt) [adverb] (after, behind)
समर्थ (samartha) [adjective] (capable, powerful)
असुर (asura) [noun] (demon, asura)
केश (keśa) [noun] (hair)
कृपा (kṛpā) [noun] (mercy, compassion)
ऐश्वर्य (aiśvarya) [noun] (prosperity, wealth, sovereignty)
जाति (jāti) [noun] (birth, rank, species)
उक्त (ukta) [verb] (said, spoken)
स्वर्ग (svarga) [noun] (heaven)
त्रि (tri) [numeral] (three)
लक्ष्य (lakṣya) [noun] (target, goal, aim)
सावधान (sāvadhāna) [adjective] (attentive, cautious)
रोक (roka) [verb] (stop)
स्वार्थ (svārtha) [noun] (selfishness)
सप्त (sapta) [numeral] (seven)
पताका (patākā) [noun] (flag, banner)
अक्षय (akṣaya) [adjective] (imperishable, indestructible)
पुराण (purāṇa) [noun] (ancient, old, legendary text)
विधान (vidhāna) [noun] (regulation, law)
व्यर्थ (vyartha) [adjective] (useless, futile)
सूक्ष्म (sūkṣma) [adjective] (subtle, fine)
५ (pañca) [numeral] (five)
चित्र (citra) [noun] (picture, painting)
तामस (tāmasa) [adjective] (dark, inert (related to one of the three Gunas in Hindu philosophy))
स्वप्न (svapna) [noun] (dream)
अनन्य (ananya) [adjective] (unique, non-other)
प्राणायाम (prāṇāyāma) [noun] (breath control, yogic breathing)
तेजस् (tejas) [noun] (brilliance, radiance)
पाठ (pāṭha) [noun] (lesson)
स्तुति (stuti) [noun] (praise)
घोर (ghora) [adjective] (terrible, formidable)
राष्ट्र (rāṣṭra) [noun] (nation, state)
लता (latā) [noun] (creeper, vine)
तृप्त (tṛpta) [adjective] (satisfied, contented)
कठोर (kaṭhora) [adjective] (hard, harsh)
भार (bhāra) [noun] (burden, weight)
शाखा (śākhā) [noun] (branch)
अद्य (adya) [adverb] (today)
साधु (sādhu) [adjective] (good, virtuous)
वर्तमान (vartamāna) [noun] (present (tense))
क्षमा (kṣamā) [noun] (forgiveness, patience)
पार्थिव (pārthiva) [adjective/proper noun] (earthly, terrestrial , belonging to Prithu or Partha (Arjuna))
सेवक (sevaka) [noun] (servant, attendant)
संयुक्त (saṃyukta) [adjective] (united, combined)
दीन (dīna) [adjective] (poor, wretched)
स्वर (svara) [noun] (note, tone, sound)
अग्निहोत्र (agnihotra) [noun] (fire ritual)
दश (daśa) [numeral] (ten)
मणि (maṇi) [noun] (jewel or gem)
अष्टक (aṣṭaka) [noun] (octet or group of eight (sometimes refers to a religious ceremony))
सहस्र (sahasra) [adjective] (thousand)
गच्छति (gacchati) [verb] (goes)
क्लेश (kleśa) [noun] (pain or affliction)
स्नेह (sneha) [noun] (affection or grease)
परिणाम (pariṇāma) [noun] (result or change)
आहार (āhāra) [noun] (food or intake)
पाद (pāda) [noun] (foot or quarter (in verse))
विघ्न (vighna) [noun] (obstacle or hindrance)
हिंसा (hiṃsā) [noun] (harm or violence)
४ (catur) [numeral] (four)
पाल (pāla) [noun] (protector or guardian)
क्रूर (krūra) [adjective] (cruel or harsh)
प्रमाद (pramāda) [noun] (negligence, error)
अन्न (anna) [noun] (food, grain)
अलंकृत (alaṅkṛta) [adjective] (decorated, adorned)
प्रभु (prabhu) [noun] (master, lord)
कुपित (kupita) [adjective] (angry, enraged)
१ (eka) [numeral] (one)
भुजा (bhujā) [noun] (arm, branch)
ब्रह्मचर्य (brahmacarya) [noun] (celibacy, student life)
अतिथि (atithi) [noun] (guest)
मरण (maraṇa) [noun] (death)
अनित्य (anitya) [adjective] (impermanent, transient)
महत्त्व (mahattva) [noun] (greatness, glory)
युग (yuga) [noun] (age, era)
आचार (ācāra) [noun] (conduct, behavior)
नरक (naraka) [noun] (hell)
संतान (santāna) [noun] (offspring, progeny)

The Sanskrit term “जितेन्द्रिय” is a compound word consisting of two parts: “जित” (jita), which means “conquered” or “subdued”, and “इन्द्रिय” (indriya) which refers to the sense faculties (sight, touch, hearing, ..). The combined meaning refers to a goal of ascetics: to have “subdued the senses”.

राजकुमार (rājakumāra) [noun] (prince)
सागर (sāgara) [noun] (ocean)
अनाथ (anātha) [adjective] (orphaned, without a protector)
बन्धु (bandhu) [noun] (relative, friend)
अष्टादश (aṣṭādaśa) [numeral] (eighteen)
असु (asu) [noun] (life-force, breath)
कुल (kula) [noun] (family, clan)
सफल (saphala) [adjective] (successful, fruitful)
मृग (mṛga) [noun] (deer, animal)
दुर्बल (durbala) [adjective] (weak, feeble)
विष (viṣa) [noun] (poison)
प्रार्थना (prārthanā) [noun] (prayer, request)
जरा (jarā) [noun] (old age, decay)
ज्ञात (jñāta) [adjective] (known, familiar)
पुनर् (punaḥ) [adverb] (again)
उपरि (upari) [adverb] (above, over)
असौ (asau) [pronoun] (that)
शासन (śāsana) [noun] (rule, order)
दया (dayā) [noun] (compassion)
करण (karaṇa) [noun] (cause, mechanism)
अधर्म (adharma) [noun] (injustice, unrighteousness)
तिथि (tithi) [noun] (lunar day)
नक्षत्र (nakṣatra) [noun] (star, constellation)
संधि (sandhi) [noun] (junction, union)
गत (gata) [adjective] (gone, past)
श्वेत (śveta) [adjective] (white)
शोभित (śobhita) [adjective] (adorned, radiant)
कमल (kamala) [noun] (lotus)
रथी (rathī) [noun] (charioteer)
चरण (charaṇa) [noun] (foot, step)
उन्मत्त (unmaṭṭa) [adjective] (intoxicated, crazed)
कान्ति (kānti) [noun] (luster, beauty)
साक्षात्कार (sākṣātkāra) [noun] (realization)
जात (jāta) [adjective] (born)
सत्कार (satkāra) [noun] (respect, hospitality)
प्रमुख (pramukha) [adjective] (foremost, chief)
दग्ध (dagdha) [adjective] (burnt, consumed by fire)
दुर्ग (durga) [noun] (fort, fortress)
शान्त (shānta) [adjective] (calm, peaceful)
संस्कार (saṃskāra) [noun] (rite, sacrament, cultural conditioning)
दूत (dūta) [noun] (messenger, envoy)
स्वतन्त्र (svatantra) [adjective] (independent, free)
दृष्ट (dṛṣṭa) [adjective] (seen, beheld, perceived)
आदित्य (āditya) [noun] (sun, son of Aditi (in the plural, refers to the Adityas, a group of solar deities))
संग्राम (saṃgrāma) [noun] (battle, war)
एवम् (evam) [adverb] (thus, so, in this manner)
नियम (niyama) [noun] (rule, restriction)
क्षण (kṣaṇa) [noun] (moment, instant)
सन् (san) [noun/adjective] (being, existing (used as an indeclinable in compound forms))
अक्षर (akṣara) [noun] (syllable, indestructible (also refers to letters of the alphabet))
अस्मद् (asmad) [pronoun] (I, we (first person pronoun))
हानि (hāni) [noun] (loss, decay)
भविष्य (bhaviṣya) [noun] (future)
कपट (kapaṭa) [noun] (deceit, trickery)
जायते (jāyate) [verb] (is born, is produced)
असिद्धि (asiddhi) [noun] (non-achievement, failure)
सप्तम (saptama) [adjective] (seventh)
आधार (ādhāra) [noun] (support, base)
उपासक (upāsaka) [noun] (worshipper, devotee)
आशा (āśā) [noun] (hope, expectation)
पात्र (pātra) [noun] (vessel, recipient)
प्रहार (prahāra) [noun] (strike, blow)
अधिपति (adhipati) [noun] (lord, master)
तर्पण (tarpaṇa) [noun] (satiation, offering (especially of water to ancestors))
अनुग्रह (anugraha) [noun] (grace, favour)
सूत (sūta) [noun] (charioteer, bard)
मातृ (mātṛ) [noun] (mother)
रुचि (ruci) [noun] (taste, interest)
अभि (abhi) [preposition/prefix] (towards, over)
प्रारम्भ (prārambha) [noun] (beginning, commencement)
संध्या (sandhyā) [noun] (twilight, evening)
मांस (māṃsa) [noun] (flesh, meat)
प्रभा (prabhā) [noun] (light, aura, lustre)
संयम (saṃyama) [noun] (self-control, restraint)
यदा (yadā) [adverb] (when)
पुष्ट (puṣṭa) [adjective] (nourished, strong, healthy)
निद्रा (nidrā) [noun] (sleep)
विज्ञान (vijñāna) [noun] (science, knowledge)
निन्दा (nindā) [noun] (blame, scorn)
आसक्त (āsakta) [adjective] (attached, fond)
पुष्प (puṣpa) [noun] (flower)
शुक्र (śukra) [noun] (brightness)
सुवर्ण (suvarṇa) [noun] (gold)
ज्येष्ठ (jyeṣṭha) [adjective] (eldest, senior)
गृह (gṛha) [noun] (house, home)
प्रथम (prathama) [adjective] (first)
ब्राह्म (brāhma) [adjective] (related to Brahma)
प्रतिष्ठित (pratiṣṭhita) [adjective] (established, famous)
अनुराग (anurāga) [noun] (affection, love)
चतुर् (catur) [adjective] (skillful, smart, clever)
सखा (sakhā) [noun] (friend)
आशीर्वाद (āśīrvād) [noun] (blessing)
स्पष्ट (spaṣṭa) [adjective] (clear, explicit)
मास (māsa) [noun] (month)
हीन (hīna) [adjective] (deprived of, lacking)
कदाचित् (kadācit) [adverb] (sometimes)
जित (jita) [noun] (one who has conquered)
खड्ग (khaḍga) [noun] (sword)
कृत (kṛta) [adjective] (done, made)
पुरोहित (purohita) [noun] (priest)
यन्त्र (yantra) [noun] (machine, apparatus)
आचार्य (ācārya) [noun] (teacher, preceptor)
भवन (bhavan) [noun] (building, abode)
शून्य (śūnya) [adjective/noun] (zero, empty, void)
शयन (śayana) [noun] (lying down, resting)
६ (ṣaṭ) [numeral] (six)
घन (ghana) [adjective/noun] (dense, solid, cube)
रण (raṇa) [noun] (battle, war)
जानाति (jānāti) [verb] (knows, understands)
धातु (dhātu) [noun] (element, root)
माया (māyā) [noun] (illusion, magic)
मद (mada) [noun] (pride, intoxication)
हल (hala) [noun] (plough)
द्व (dva) [numerical] (two)
प्रवाह (pravāha) [noun] (flow, stream, current)
द्वादश (dvādaśa) [numerical] (twelve)
ग्लानि (glāni) [noun] (fatigue, tiredness, distress)
वाहन (vāhana) [noun] (vehicle)
उदाहरण (udāharaṇa) [noun] (example)
वाक्य (vākya) [noun] (sentence)
पश्चिम (paścima) [noun] (west)
महात्मन् (mahātman) [noun] (great soul, noble person)
ग्रह (graha) [noun] (planet, celestial body)
विभाग (vibhāga) [noun] (division, part, section)
पीठ (pīṭha) [noun] (seat, pedestal)
श्याम (śyāma) [adjective] (dark-colored, black)
तरुण (taruṇa) [adjective] (young, youthful)
आवश्यकता (āvaśyakatā) [noun] (necessity, requirement)
मनन (manana) [noun] (contemplation, thought)
सत्त्व (sattva) [noun] (essence, reality, virtue)
किरण (kiraṇa) [noun] (ray, beam of light)
ताप (tāpa) [noun] (heat, sorrow)
मानव (mānava) [noun] (human, man)
सम्पत्ति (sampatti) [noun] (wealth, property)
नि (ni) [prefix] (down, in, into)
बाहु (bāhu) [noun] (arm, branch)
भस्म (bhasma) [noun] (ash, powder)
प्रयत्न (prayatna) [noun] (effort, attempt)
मोह (moha) [noun] (delusion, infatuation)
मल (mala) [noun] (dirt, filth)
धारणा (dhāraṇā) [noun] (holding, support, conception)
अन्तर (antara) [noun] (difference, distinction)
कपोत (kapota) [noun] (pigeon, dove)
कल्पना (kalpanā) [noun] (imagination)
कीट (kīṭa) [noun] (insect, worm)
मोक्ष (mokṣa) [noun] (liberation, release (from the cycle of rebirth in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism))
सप्तदश (saptadaśa) [adjective] (seventeenth)
अतीत (atīta) [adjective] (past, bygone)
उन्नति (unnati) [noun] (progress, elevation)
साधारण (sādhāraṇa) [adjective] (ordinary, common)
खान (khāna) [noun] (mine (as in a coal mine, diamond mine, etc.))
मानसिक (mānasika) [adjective] (mental, psychological)
भावित (bhāvita) [adjective] (cultured, developed, considered)
चतुर्थ (caturtha) [adjective] (fourth)
अन्त्र (antra) [noun] (intestine, internal organ)
नव (nava) [adjective] (new)
स्मृति (smṛti) [noun] (memory, traditional text)
वृत्ति (vṛtti) [noun] (occupation, behavior)
गो (go) [noun] (a cow)
कीर्ति (kīrti) [noun] (fame, reputation)
प्राचीन (prācīna) [adjective] (ancient, old)
ग्रन्थ (grantha) [noun] (book, scripture)
नौ (nau) [noun] (boat, ship)
म्लेच्छ (mlechchha) [noun] (barbarian, foreigner)
पौत्र (pautra) [noun] (grandson)
आस्तिक (āstika) [adjective] (believer in God)
न्याय (nyāya) [noun] (justice, jurisprudence, logic)
आसन (āsana) [noun] (seat, posture)
दण्ड (daṇḍa) [noun] (staff, punishment)
लोप (lopa) [noun] (omission, disappearance)
कदा (kadā) [adverb] (when?)
श्येन (śyena) [noun] (hawk, falcon)
प्रसिद्ध (prasiddha) [adjective] (famous, celebrated)
आसीत् (āsīt) [verb (past tense)] (was, existed)
साध्य (sādhya) [adjective] (achievable, accomplishable)
निर्णय (nirṇaya) [noun] (decision, conclusion)
शील (śīla) [noun] (habit, conduct, character)
साहस (sāhasa) [noun] (courage, boldness)
अति (ati) [adverb/preposition] (over, beyond, very)
भिक्षु (bhikṣu) [noun] (monk, ascetic)
प्रीति (prīti) [noun] (affection, love)
नीच (nīca) [adjective] (low, vile)
पतन (patan) [noun] (falling, descent)
अव (ava) [prefix/verb] (down, off, away)
सती (satī) [noun] (virtuous woman, sometimes refers to a faithful wife)
स्वयम् (svayam) [pronoun/adverb] (self, oneself, personally)
धीवर (dhīvara) [noun] (fisherman)
चोर (cora) [noun] (thief)
भग (bhaga) [noun] (fortune, prosperity)
अवति (avati) [verb] (protects, preserves)
शुक (śuka) [noun] (parrot)
उद्यान (udyāna) [noun] (garden, park)
घोष (ghoṣa) [noun] (sound, noise)
घात (ghāta) [noun] (killing, slaying)
अङ्ग (aṅga) [noun] (limb, body part)
बृहत् (bṛhat) [adjective] (great, large, mighty)
गर्जन (garjana) [noun] (roaring, thundering)
बहुमूल्य (bahumūlya) [adjective] (very valuable, precious)
चरित्र (caritra) [noun] (character, history, conduct)
जनपद (janapada) [noun] (country, district, territory)
पाक (pāka) [noun] (cooking, ripeness)
सौभाग्य (saubhāgya) [noun] (good fortune, luck)
अच्छ (accha) [adjective] (clear, pure, bright)
वि (vi) [prefix] (apart, without, away)
गिर् (gir) [noun] (speech, voice, word)
स्वास्थ्य (svāsthya) [noun] (health)
मुहूर्त (muhūrta) [noun] (auspicious moment)
आलस्य (ālasya) [noun] (laziness)
गुप्त (gupta) [adjective] (hidden, secret)
शूर (śūra) [adjective] (brave, heroic)
परीक्षा (parīkṣā) [noun] (examination, test)
शिथिल (śithila) [adjective] (slack, loose)
क्षीण (kṣīṇa) [adjective] (attenuated, weakened)
संलग्न (saṃlagna) [adjective] (attached, clinging)
विमान (vimāna) [noun] (chariot, or temple)
चन्दन (candana) [noun] (sandalwood)
द्यूत (dyūta) [noun] (gambling, game of dice)
माला (mālā) [noun] (garland, necklace)
प्रस्तुत (prastuta) [adjective] (prepared, presented)
धूर्त (dhūrta) [adjective] (sly, cunning)
दारुण (dāruṇa) [adjective] (fierce, cruel)
मूर्ख (mūrkha) [noun] (fool, ignorant person)
२ (dvau) [numeral] (two)
तृतीय (tṛtīya) [adjective] (third)
हंस (haṃsa) [noun] (swan)
दक्षिणा (dakṣiṇā) [noun] (donation)
द्वीप (dvīpa) [noun] (island)
अहिंसा (ahiṃsā) [noun] (non-violence)
अन (an) [prefix] (not, without)
मूत्र (mūtra) [noun] (urine)
दिवस (divasa) [noun] (day)
शुश्रूषा (śuśrūṣā) [noun] (service, attend to)
प्राकृत (prākṛta) [adjective] (natural, vernacular)
दक्षिण (dakṣiṇa) [adjective] (southern, right)
परा (parā) [noun/adjective] (the highest, distant, beyond)
रसना (rasanā) [noun] (tongue, taste)
जनक (janaka) [noun] (father, progenitor)
आवृत (āvṛta) [adjective] (covered, enveloped)
कम् (kam) [adverb] (how much, how many)
शारीरिक (śārīrika) [adjective] (bodily, corporeal)
उदर (udara) [noun] (belly, abdomen)
घोट (ghoṭa) [noun] (horse)
वाम (vāma) [adjective] (left, sinister, beautiful)
नख (nakha) [noun] (nail, claw)
जन (jana) [noun] (person, individual)
असत् (asat) [noun] (non-existence, falsehood)
श्रुति (śruti) [noun] (ear, Vedic revelation, what is heard)
भरण (bharaṇa) [noun] (bearing, carrying, maintaining)
अक्षौहिणी (akṣauhiṇī) [noun] (a large army unit in ancient Hindu texts)
कर्तृ (kartṛ) [noun] (doer, maker)
मुख्य (mukhya) [adjective] (principal, chief, main)
विपरीत (viparīta) [adjective] (opposite, contrary)
तीक्ष्ण (tīkṣṇa) [adjective] (sharp, fierce, hot)
मत्स्य (matsya) [noun] (fish)
माहात्म्य (māhātmya) [noun] (greatness, majesty, glory)
उपनिषद् (upaniṣad) [noun] (Upanishad (a group of sacred Hindu writings))
प्राप्य (prāpya) [adjective/noun] (to be obtained, acquirable)
सत्संग (satsaṅga) [noun] (company of the good or the wise)
गृहस्थ (gṛhastha) [noun] (householder, one in the second stage of life according to Hindu ashrama system)
औषध (auṣadha) [noun] (medicine, herb)
पूरक (pūraka) [adjective/noun] (filler, completing)
अपान (apāna) [noun] (a type of vital air in the body responsible for the elimination functions)
समावेश (samāveśa) [noun] (inclusion, assembly, merger)
परिमाण (parimāṇa) [noun] (measurement, extent, size)
गन्ध (gandha) [noun] (smell, odor, fragrance)

The Sanskrit word “महाभूत” (mahābhūta) can be translated as “great element”. Some ancient Sanskrit texts —for instance, some of the Upanishads— refer to the following five “great elements”: earth, water, fire, air, and space. The corresponding five Sanskrit terms occur frequently enough to appear in this vocabulary list.

अपरा (aparā) [adjective] (inferior, other)
कल्प (kalpa) [noun] (era, aeon, a long period of time)
वातावरण (vātāvaraṇa) [noun] (atmosphere, environment)
रमते (ramate) [verb] (plays, enjoys, indulges)
विलक्षण (vilakṣaṇa) [adjective] (strange, extraordinary, distinct)
दीर्घ (dīrgha) [adjective] (long, prolonged)
आयु (āyu) [noun] (life, span, longevity)
उल्लेख (ullekha) [noun] (mention, reference)
घोषणा (ghoṣaṇā) [noun] (announcement, declaration)
आयुर्वेद (āyurveda) [noun] (Ayurveda (the traditional Hindu system of medicine))
उत (uta) [conjunction/adverb] (and, moreover, also)
अक (aka) [noun] (fault, defect)
ऋण (ṛṇa) [noun] (debt, obligation)
वंश (vaṃśa) [noun] (lineage, family, bamboo)
वटवृक्ष (vaṭavṛkṣa) [noun] (banyan tree)
तीव्र (tīvra) [adjective] (intense, sharp)
दम (dama) [noun] (self-control, restraint)
शम (śama) [noun] (calmness, tranquility)
तन्तु (tantu) [noun] (thread, filament)
वृत्त (vṛtta) [noun] (circle, behavior, character)
कथम् (katham) [adverb] (how, in what manner)
गिरिका (girikā) [noun] (small hill, pebble)
सात (sāta) [adjective] (virtuous, good)
कच्छप (kacchapa) [noun] (turtle, tortoise)
सोम (soma) [noun] (Soma (ritual drink, plant or the moon in Vedic times))
वसति (vasati) [verb] (dwells, resides)
अशुभ (aśubha) [adjective] (inauspicious, dirty)
दुर्लभ (durlabha) [adjective] (rare, difficult to obtain)
पृथु (pṛthu) [adjective] (broad, wide)
स्तोत्र (stotra) [noun] (hymn)
जन्तु (jantu) [noun] (creature)
मग्न (magna) [adjective] (submerged, absorbed)
स्वाद (svāda) [noun] (taste)
सम् (sam) [prefix] (together, complete)
धीर (dhīra) [adjective] (brave, calm, steady)
नमस्ते (namaste) [noun] (a respectful greeting)
बाह्य (bāhya) [adjective] (external, outward)
तुल्य (tulya) [adjective] (equal, similar)
बोधयति (bodhayati) [verb] (awakens, informs)
अष्ट (aṣṭa) [numeral] (eight)
मलिन (malina) [adjective] (dirty, soiled)

The Sanskrit word “पुर” (pura) refers to a city or a fortress. This word appears in the name of the capital of the Indian state of Rajasthan, Jaipur, which literally means Jai's City (in homage to Maharaja Jai Singh II, who established the city).

अभय (abhaya) [adjective] (fearlessness)
हरण (haraṇa) [noun] (taking away, seizing)
आगम (āgama) [noun] (traditional doctrine, arrival)
मध्य (madhya) [noun/adjective] (middle, centre)
क्रम (krama) [noun] (sequence, order)
माल (māla) [noun] (garland, necklace)
दल (dala) [noun] (petal, leaf, part)
होम (homa) [noun] (ritual sacrifice)
दातृ (dātṛ) [noun] (giver, donor)
अन्तर् (antar) [preposition] (inside, within, difference)
निर्दोष (nirdoṣa) [adjective] (faultless, blameless)
मूर्छा (mūrchā) [noun] (fainting, unconsciousness)
क्षेम (kṣema) [noun] (well-being, security)
तृप्ति (tṛpti) [noun] (satisfaction, contentment)
यत्न (yatna) [noun] (effort, endeavour)
केयूर (keyūra) [noun] (armlet, bracelet)
अंगद (aṅgada) [noun] (armlet, bracelet)
बन्ध (bandha) [noun] (bond, tie, connection)
चतुर (catur) [adjective] (clever, skillful)
मदिरा (madirā) [noun] (wine, alcohol)
स्यात् (syāt) [verb (optative mood)] (may be, should be, perhaps)
उलूक (ulūka) [noun] (owl)
अन्यथा (anyathā) [adverb] (otherwise)
कति (kati) [pronoun] (how many, some)
धूप (dhūpa) [noun] (incense smoke, fragrance)
सुगन्ध (sugandha) [adjective] (fragrant)
बान्धव (bāndhava) [noun] (relative, kin)
आतिथ्य (ātithya) [noun] (hospitality)
कम्बल (kambala) [noun] (blanket, shawl)
अट्टालिका (aṭṭālikā) [noun] (palace, mansion)
सुरक्षा (surakṣā) [noun] (protection, security)
भूषण (bhūṣaṇa) [noun] (ornament, decoration)
उत्सव (utsava) [noun] (festival, celebration)
अन्तःपुर (antaḥpura) [noun] (inner chambers of a palace, harem)
संवत्सर (saṁvatsara) [noun] (year)
पलाश (palāśa) [noun] (leaf or petal)
बलि (bali) [noun] (offering, sacrifice)
रोष (roṣa) [noun] (anger)
व्यय (vyaya) [noun] (expenditure)
गिरि (giri) [noun] (mountain)
घृ (ghṛ) [noun] (ghee (clarified butter))
पूर (pūra) [noun] (filling)
कम्पित (kampita) [adjective] (trembling)
वाद (vāda) [noun] (speech, argument)
अचल (acala) [adjective] (immovable)
शाल (śāla) [noun] (house)
शय्या (śayyā) [noun] (bed)
वैदिक (vaidika) [adjective] (Vedic)
दरद (darada) [noun] (pain, toothache)
भद्र (bhadra) [adjective] (blessed, auspicious)
कुक्कुर (kukkura) [noun] (dog)
तिल (tila) [noun] (sesame seed)
जूत (jūta) [adjective] (gambled)
किल (kila) [indeclinable] (indeed, certainly)
कण्ठ (kaṇṭha) [noun] (throat)
स्वर्ण (svarṇa) [noun] (gold)
राजपुत्र (rājaputra) [noun] (prince)
ईश (īśa) [noun] (lord, master)
अर्क (arka) [noun] (flash of lightning, sun)
रवि (ravi) [noun] (sun)
इच्छति (icchati) [verb] (desires, wishes)
शूल (śūla) [noun] (spear, trident)
स्मर (smara) [noun] (memory, recollection)
हर्षित (harṣita) [adjective] (delighted, joyful)
स्वस्ति (svasti) [noun] (well-being, auspiciousness)
निर्भर (nirbhara) [adjective] (dependent)
अक्रूर (akrūra) [adjective] (not cruel, gentle)
इतिहास (itihāsa) [noun] (history, epic)
बाला (bālā) [noun] (girl, young woman)
गोदान (godāna) [noun] (the gift of a cow)
लज्जा (lajjā) [noun] (modesty, shame)
यशस् (yaśas) [noun] (fame, glory)
शिला (śilā) [noun] (rock, stone)
दन्त (danta) [noun] (tooth)
मर्यादा (maryādā) [noun] (boundary, limit, propriety)
स्वस्थ (svastha) [adjective] (healthy, calm)
द्रविड (draviḍa) [proper noun/adjective] (Dravidian)
साम (sāma) [noun] (Sama Veda, a sacred chant)
पीन (pīna) [adjective] (stout, full, plump)
परिवार (parivāra) [noun] (family)
निष्ठा (niṣṭhā) [noun] (devotion, fidelity, firmness)
श्रोत्र (śrotra) [noun] (ear)
अंकुश (aṅkuśa) [noun] (a tool for directing elephants)
हरिण (hariṇa) [noun] (deer)
नास्ति (nāsti) [verb] (is not, there is no)
भ्रमण (bhramaṇa) [noun] (roaming, wandering)
मूढ (mūḍha) [adjective] (deluded, foolish)
अपहरण (apaharaṇa) [noun] (abduction, stealing)
भूतल (bhūtala) [noun] (ground, surface of the earth)
उपादान (upādāna) [noun] (material, cause, ingredient)
भीत (bhīta) [adjective] (afraid, terrified)
भान (bhāna) [noun] (light, brightness)
महिष (mahiṣa) [adjective] (powerful)
वैश्वानर (vaiśvānara) [adjective] (relating to all men, universal)
उमा (umā) [noun] (goddess Parvati, light, tranquility)
लोहित (lohita) [adjective] (red, made of copper)
शौर्य (śaurya) [noun] (heroism, valor)
उमापति (umāpati) [noun] (Lord of Uma (Shiva))
सीता (sītā) [noun] (furrow, a goddess, name of wife of Lord Rama)
मह (mah) [verb] (to grow, to honor)
उज्ज्वल (ujjvala) [adjective] (bright, brilliant, luminous)
चक्र (cakra) [noun] (wheel, circle, disc)
नाक (nāka) [noun] (sky, heaven)
स्तन (stana) [noun] (breast, chest)
रस (rasa) [noun] (juice, essence, taste, sentiment)
वैष्णव (vaiṣṇava) [adjective/noun] (relating to Vishnu, a follower of Vishnu)
प्रास (prās) [noun] (spear, dart)
भाति (bhāti) [verb] (to shine, appear)
छल (chala) [noun] (deceit, fraud)
संदेश (sandeśa) [noun] (message, order)
छिन्न (chhinna) [adjective] (torn, cut off)
अज (aja) [noun] (goat)
जन्मन् (janman) [noun] (birth, origin)
अस्तित्व (astitva) [noun] (existence)
अन्धकार (andhakāra) [noun] (darkness)
प्रतिष्ठा (pratiṣṭhā) [noun] (establishment, position)
बाधा (bādhā) [noun] (obstacle, hindrance)
ओषधि (oṣadhi) [noun] (herb, medicinal plant)
ध्रुव (dhruva) [noun] (the pole star, constant, fixed)
पराकाष्ठा (parākāṣṭhā) [noun] (extreme limit, pinnacle)
प्राणिन् (prāṇin) [noun] (living being, creature)
अन्ति (anti) [noun] (end, border)
मेधा (medhā) [noun] (intelligence, wisdom)
कठिनता (kaṭhinatā) [noun] (hardness, difficulty)
नौका (naukā) [noun] (boat)
समत्व (samatva) [noun] (equanimity, evenness)
क्षोभ (kṣobha) [noun] (agitation, disturbance)
मूर्खता (mūrkhatā) [noun] (foolishness)
आरोप (āropa) [noun] (allegation, accusation)
रोग (roga) [noun] (disease)
सांख्य (sāṅkhya) [noun] (a school of Indian philosophy, enumeration)
आराम (ārāma) [noun] (rest, comfort)
समाज (samāja) [noun] (society)
उपयोगिन् (upayogin) [adjective] (useful)
उच्च (ucca) [adjective] (high, lofty)
अनुवाद (anuvāda) [noun] (interpretation, recitation, translation)
आख्यान (ākhyāna) [noun] (narrative, story)
बिल (bila) [noun] (hole)
जय (jaya) [noun] (victory)
अक्षोभ्य (akṣobhya) [adjective] (unshakable, imperturbable)
रेणु (reṇu) [noun] (particle of dust)
आहत (āhata) [adjective] (struck, beaten)
कम्प (kampa) [noun] (tremor, shaking)
द्रुम (druma) [noun] (tree)
बिभर्ति (bibharti) [verb] (bears, carries, sustains)
वसुधा (vasudhā) [noun] (the earth)
फेन (phena) [noun] (foam, froth)
मन्त्रिन् (mantrin) [noun] (minister, counsellor)
प्रपितामह (prapitāmaha) [noun] (great-grandfather)
सौम्य (saumya) [adjective] (gentle, mild, benign)
पर्ण (parṇa) [noun] (leaf)
चन्द्र (candra) [noun] (moon)
त्वरि (tvari) [verb] (to hurry, to hasten)
ख्यात (khyāta) [adjective] (renowned, famous)
वेष (veṣa) [noun] (attire, costume, dress)

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Introduction

In Sanskrit – voice means प्रयोग (प्र + युज् = construction/arrangement)
Sentence is a group of words which makes complete sense, which conveys some meaning
Verb denotes an action, which completes the meaning of a sentence. It is a very important factor of a sentence
Subject is that component which does the action in a sentence – doer of the action
Object is a thing/person on which the subject performs the action
Voice is the correlation of subject, object and verb

Transitive verb expects an object – the sentence does not make complete sense if the object is not present
If object is not present in sentences like – बालकः पठति or बालिका खादति – are the verbs पठति and खादति transitive or intransitive?
The same trick is to be used – Who? And What? – Though the answer to What? Is not present in the sentence, it does not mean that the verb is intransitive. We can get possible answers
If we get answer to the question What? Then the verb has to be intransitive
In Sanskrit sentence, case of the word is very important, not the position of the word! The cases have specific meanings, so the case of words is important
The first word in a sentence may not necessarily be the subject of the sentence. The case of the words should, therefore, be identified
Nominative case- subject, Accusative case – object
First person – अहम् आवाम् वयम्
Second person – त्वम् युवाम् यूयम्
Third person – all other nouns and pronouns except these six

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Passive Verb Forms

Passive verb forms may be used in –
Present Tense
Imperative Mood
Potential Mood
Past Passive Participles (PPP) can be used in place of Past tense verbs
Potential Passive Participles can be used in place of Potential verbs

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110+ Powerful & Beautiful Sanskrit Words With Meaning

Sanskrit, an ancient and revered language, holds a special place in the cultural and intellectual history of India. Dating back over 3,500 years, it stands as one of the oldest languages in the world, a classical language that has shaped the philosophical, scientific, and spiritual discourse throughout history. Its rich lexicon and grammatical precision make it a language of extraordinary depth and expressiveness.

The importance of Sanskrit extends far beyond its historical roots. In philosophy, it has been the medium for some of the deepest thoughts that have ever been conceived. In science, ancient Sanskrit texts have a surprising degree of sophistication in fields like mathematics, astronomy, and medicine.

Spiritually, Sanskrit is the language of a large corpus of religious and mystical texts, including the Vedas, Upanishads, and the Bhagavad Gita , which continue to inspire millions around the world.

The purpose of this blog post is to learn about some of the most beautiful and powerful Sanskrit words with meaning. We will go various categories like powerful Sanskrit words, those that capture beauty, words reflecting life’s essence, health, yoga , and those with deep, profound meanings.

Historical Context of Sanskrit

Sanskrit, part of the Indo-European language family, traces its origins to the 2nd millennium BCE, with its earliest form known as Vedic Sanskrit, found in the sacred texts of the Vedas.

This period marked the beginning of its extensive use in religious and philosophical discourse. Over centuries, it evolved into Classical Sanskrit, codified by the grammarian Panini in his work “Ashtadhyayi” around the 5th century BCE. This work is known for its precise and comprehensive rules that shaped the language into its classical form.

Sanskrit’s influence can be observed in various languages across the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. Languages like Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, Nepali, and many others in the Indo-Aryan family have been significantly shaped by Sanskrit vocabulary and grammatical structures.

Beyond the Indian subcontinent, Sanskrit’s impact is evident in many Southeast Asian languages and cultures, especially in countries like Indonesia, Thailand, and Cambodia.

Sanskrit’s role in the cultural and spiritual heritage of India is unparalleled. It is the language in which most of the Indian philosophical, religious, and literary traditions are rooted. The Vedas, Upanishads, epics like the Mahabharata and Ramayana, and classical dramas and poetry were all composed in Sanskrit.

In spirituality , Sanskrit has always held a sacred status. Its very name, derived from “samskrta,” meaning “refined” or “perfected,” reflects the high regard in which it has been held. The sounds and recitations of Sanskrit are powerful and spiritually uplifting.

Powerful Sanskrit Words

The powerful words in Sanskrit with meaning cover the various aspects of strength, empowerment, and resilience, reflecting their impact on literature, philosophy, and daily life. Below is the list of Sanskrit’s powerful words with meaning and context:

Also Read: Yoga in Vedas and Vedic Period (History, Elements, Yogis)

Beautiful Sanskrit Words (With Meaning)

Here is a list of beautiful Sanskrit words that are aesthetically pleasing in sound and meaning and these also hold significant places in Sanskrit literature. These words are used to convey deep emotions and ideas in a poetic and artistic manner.

Also Read: What is Reiki? Energy Healing Principles, Benefits, Myths

Best Sanskrit Words for Life

The Sanskrit words for life are all about the philosophical and spiritual dimensions, each carrying deep connotations that influence the understanding of life’s journey and purpose.

Sanskrit Words for Yoga

These Sanskriti terms for yogis hold a specific place in the practice and philosophy of Yoga . These are essential for any yogi to understand and integrate into their practice.

Also Read: What are the Shat Kriyas in Yoga? Full Guide

Sanskrit Words With Deep Meaning

Lastly, below are some of the best Sanskrit words with deep philosophical, spiritual, or existential meanings:

Also Read: Maharishi Patanjali – Father of Yoga: History, Biography, And More

Why Sanskrit is the Language of Yoga?

Sanskrit’s designation as the language of yoga is deeply rooted in history and philosophy. The foundational texts of yoga, including the “ Yoga Sutras ” by Patanjali and various Upanishads, were written in Sanskrit. This ancient language was the medium for documenting and transmitting the early teachings of yoga.

Sanskrit’s grammatical structure allows for conveying complex spiritual and philosophical concepts with great precision. The language’s vocabulary is rich in terms that describe states of consciousness, spiritual practices, and philosophical principles, which are central to yoga.

Also, Sanskrit is described as a ‘vibrational’ language. The way Sanskrit words are pronounced resonates in a way that aligns with the energetic aspects of yoga practice. Chanting Sanskrit mantras is a key part of many yoga traditions, thought to have profound effects on the mind and body.

Related Yoga Program for You: Introduction to Samskrtam LEVEL – 1

What will you learn?

The Sanskrit Alphabet – Vowels
The Sanskrit Alphabet – Consonants
Combining Consonants and Vowels
Pronunciation of popular Sanskrit words
Conjunct Consonants
Shanti Mantra

View Program Details

Sanskrit’s Vibrational Quality and Quantum Physics

The vibrational quality of Sanskrit, particularly its phonetics, finds similarity to the quantum physics theory of vibration.

Quantum physics says that everything in the universe, at its most fundamental level, is in a state of constant vibration, including particles and energy. This concept resonates with the phonetic structure of Sanskrit, where each letter (akshara) has a unique vibrational quality.

This is similar to quantum physics, where different frequencies and vibrations characterize different forms of energy . The practice of chanting Sanskrit mantras in yoga aligns with the idea that repeating a sound frequency can align or influence the vibrational state of the practitioner.

This concept mirrors the quantum physics understanding that vibrations at one frequency can impact vibrations at another.

Also Read: Muladhara Root Chakra: Location, Activation & Balance, Mantra

Application of Sanskrit Words in Modern Times

The words of Sanskrit are rooted in a rich spiritual and philosophical tradition, and continue to influence modern spiritual practices, yoga , meditation , and mindfulness in various ways.

1. Yoga and Physical Wellness

Sanskrit words like “ Asana ” (posture), “Pranayama” (breath control), and “Dhyana” (meditation) have become integral to the global vocabulary of yoga. These terms not only describe physical practices but also embody the deeper philosophical aspects of yoga.

They remind practitioners that yoga is more than just physical exercise; it’s a discipline that integrates body, mind, and spirit.

2. Meditation and Mindfulness

Words such as “Samadhi” (enlightenment) and “Nirvana” (extinction of desire) are central to various forms of meditation and mindfulness practices. These terms have their traditional contexts, providing insights and goals for people seeking mental peace, clarity, and spiritual awakening in today’s fast-paced world.

3. Spirituality

Terms like “Atman” (soul, self), “Brahman” (universal reality), and “Moksha” (liberation) are crucial in the exploration of spiritual identity and the nature of existence. They offer a framework for understanding the self and the universe in many modern spiritual movements.

4. Ethical and Moral Frameworks

Sanskrit words also provide ethical and moral frameworks. “Ahimsa” (non-violence), “Satya” (truthfulness), and “Dharma” (duty, righteousness) are not just philosophical concepts but practical principles that can guide personal behavior and societal norms.

5. Healing and Alternative Medicine

Terms like “ Dosha ” (body type), “Prana” (life force), and “ Chakra ” (energy center) are now common in holistic healing practices around the world.

6. Linguistic and Cultural Studies

Sanskrit’s influence extends to linguistics, where it helps in understanding the Indo-European language family. Its rich literature offers insights into human psychology, ethics, and governance that are relevant even today.

7. Arts and Aesthetics

In the arts, concepts like “Rasa” (essence, flavor) and “Lila” (divine play) are used for artistic expression and aesthetics. They offer a window into understanding the emotional and psychological impact of art.

8. Modern Philosophy and Thought

Sanskrit words and their concepts are discussed in modern philosophical and intellectual debates, providing a unique perspective on issues like consciousness, reality, and the nature of knowledge.

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Wrapping Up:

Sanskrit is a language that bridges ancient wisdom and universal truths. From powerful expressions of strength to profound philosophical insights, the Sanskrit words offer a unique lens to view life, spirituality, and the world around us. Their relevance in modern times, from yoga studios to literary works, highlights their timeless nature.

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A Sanskrit Glossary For Anyone Who Practices Yoga

Looking to expand your knowledge about this ancient language and take your yoga practice to a deeper level this is the place to begin..

Heading out the door? Read this article on the new Outside+ app available now on iOS devices for members! >","name":"in-content-cta","type":"link"}}'>Download the app .

It has been said that learning a new language is like a spiritual journey in which we discover another culture. Studying the ancient Indian language of Sanskrit does that and more—it can help reveal a greater understanding of the yoga poses and the larger practice of yoga that extends beyond the physical postures.

Whether you’ve just started taking yoga classes or have been studying yoga for years, there’s plenty to discover about this mystical language. Here, we’ve broken down 40 common Sanskrit words and their meanings.

Learn more: Should Yoga Teachers Use Sanskrit?

An illustrated card with the definition of the Sanskrit word "Ahisma"

(nonharming)

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An illustrated card with the definition of the Sanskrit word "Ananda"

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An illustrated card with the definition of the Sanskrit word "Asana"

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An illustrated card with the definition of the Sanskrit word "Ashtanga"

(eight-limbed union)

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An illustrated card with the definition of the Sanskrit word "Avidya"

(ignorance)

See also Awaken to Your Potential for Change: The 5 Kleshas

An illustrated card with the definition of the Sanskrit word "Ayurveda"

(life science)

Explore The ancient wisdom of Ayurveda

An illustrated card with the definition of the Sanskrit word "Bhakti"

(love + devotion)

See also What Is Bhakti Yoga? Why You Should Try the Yoga of Devotion

Brahma Nadi

(divine channel)

More How to Be Happy at Every Age

An illustrated card with the definition of the Sanskrit word "Citta"

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An illustrated card with the definition of the Sanskrit word "Devanagari"

(divine writing)

See also 11 Journaling Prompts to Transform Your Writing Practice

An illustrated card with the definition of the Sanskrit word "Dhyana"

(meditation)

See also The Art of Being: Exploring the Seventh Limb of Yoga

An illustrated card with the definition of the Sanskrit word "Drishti"

(view/sight)

Learn more See More Clearly By Practicing Drishti

An illustrated card with the definition of the Sanskrit word "Guru"

(a spiritual teacher)

Pingala Nadi

More How to Use the 7 Chakras in Your Yoga Practice

An illustrated card with the definition of the Sanskrit word "Prajna"

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An illustrated card with the definition of the Sanskrit word "Prana"

(life force)

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An illustrated card with the definition of the Sanskrit word "Pranayama"

(life force or breath extension)

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An illustrated card with the definition of the Sanskrit word "Pratyahara"

(withdrawal)

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An illustrated card with the definition of the Sanskrit word "Samadhi"

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An illustrated card with the definition of the Sanskrit word "Samskara"

(activator)

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An illustrated card with the definition of the Sanskrit word "Satya"

(truthfulness)

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An illustrated card with the definition of the Sanskrit word "Shakti"

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An illustrated card with the definition of the Sanskrit word "Sutra"

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An illustrated card with the definition of the Sanskrit word "Swadhyaya"

(self-study)

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79 Yoga Words and Sanskrit Terms to Know for Class

Namaste. Prana. Vinyasa. Om. Ujjayi. These yogic words are common to most yoga classes, but knowing all of the yoga jargon can be intimidating for beginners . Most yoga instructors guide their classes through sequences using both Sanskrit–the classical Indian language used in yoga–and the English translations for the common yoga terms. All of this yoga lingo can be intimidating and confusing to people who are new to their practice. Learning new movements and breathing techniques is difficult enough when adding another language to the mix. But, don’t worry! With consistent practice, students will naturally learn many of the Sanskrit meanings and yoga words as they progress further in their practice.

If you’re not quite there yet or could use a refresher, here are a few common yoga vocabulary words, in the original Sanskrit with their English translations, that you may hear in any yoga class. We will briefly explain the meanings of these yoga words and the context to which one usually finds these yogic terms used.

The top 15 yoga terms to know

If you are a beginner, there are about fifteen common yoga terms to know before your first class. After a few classes you can come back to this list of terms to slowly build up your vocabulary and understanding of the practice. We’ve highlighted in green the most common terms below to quickly get beginners up to speed.

79 Common yoga words used in yoga classes

Study this long list of yoga lingo to use your new Sanskrit knowledge in your next yoga class! Try to learn one or more of these for each class you take to slowly build up your vocabulary.

Abhyasa (ah-bee-yah-sah) – Defined as “constant exercise,” this describes a willful, focused and engaged spiritual practice.

Adho (ah-doh) – Translated as “downward”, as in Adho Mukha Svanasana for downward facing dog .

Ahamkara (ahan-ka-ra) – The “I-maker” or the yogic concept of ego , which is seen to could the mind and must be transcended to achieve enlightenment.

Ahimsa (a-him-sah) – Practicing non-violence or non-harming towards all living things. Ahimsa is the first of the Yamas, or moral codes listed in the Yoga Sutra.

Ananda (a-nun-dah) – An ecstatic state of complete bliss and love.

Apana (ah-pan-nah) – This vayu or internal “wind” is the second-most important of the five types of prana in Hatha Yoga and Ayurveda. Located at the pelvic floor, it regulates the outward flow of prana from the body and governs the elimination of physical wastes and toxins from the body.

Ardha (ar-dha) – Translates to “half,” as in Ardha Chandrasana or Half Moon Pose

Asana (a-sa-na) – The physical yoga poses in hatha yoga. Each yoga pose name in Sanskrit ends with asana.

Ashram (ash-rem) – A yoga hermitage or a school of yoga.

Ashtanga (ash-tan-ga) – Translated as “eight-limbed yoga,” this is the eight-limbed path described by Patanjali in the Yoga Sutras. These eight stages build upon each other and lead the practitioner to a state ofenlightenmentt or samadhi.

Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga) – This challenging and athletic system of hatha yoga was popularized during the 20th century by Sri K. Pattabhi Jois .

Atman (aht-muh-n) – The transcendental and eternal Self or indwelling spirit.

Bandha (bahn-da) – An energetic lock or seal in hatha yoga , requiring a contraction of muscles and internal focus to constrain the flow of prana or energy. Bandhas are often used in pranayama to promote energy flow and maintain optimal health. The three main locks or binds used are Mula Bandha (root lock), Uddiyana Bandha (naval lock), and Jalandhara Bandha (throat lock).

Bhagavad Gita (buhg-uh-vuhd-gee-tah) – The oldest Sanskrit book on yoga that is embedded in the larger Mahabharata epic. This text contains the teachings on karma yoga , samkhya yoga, and bhakti yoga.

Bhakti (bahk-ti) – The practice of cultivating love and devotion directed toward the Divine.

Bikram (bick-ram) – This style of yoga is practiced in a heated room with a set sequence of asanas. The founder of this yoga school has been embroiled in multiple controversies so most yogis prefer to practice other styles of hot yoga.

Buddhi (boo-dee) – The highest aspect of the mind which is considered to be the seat of wisdom.

Chandra (chun-drah) – The moon, as in Ardha Chandrasana or Half Moon Pose.

Chakra (chak-rah) – A swirling wheel of light and energy in the body. Each chakra is associated with a specific color, emotion, and elements. The most common chakras are the root chakra, heart chakra, and third eye.

Chaturanga (chat-u-ranga) – The yogi pushup movement used to move from plank to the ground.

Dharma (dar-mah) – The role, purpose, and path in life that leads one to truth, peace, and enlightenment.

Dhyana (dhya-na) – Meditation from a sustained state of mental focus and, the seventh limb of Patanjali’s eight limbs of yoga.

Drishti (drish-ti) – A focal point used in yoga to set your gaze and help with concentration, balance, and focus.

Duhkha (doo-kuh) – A bad space or a negative state of mind that leads to suffering or ignorance.

Dwi (dva) – The number Two; used in poses with names like Dwi Hasta Bhujasana, or Two Hand Arm Pose.

Eka (eh-kah) – The number One; used in many poses that focus on one limb, like Eka Pada Rajakapotasana, or One Leg Pigeon Pose.

Flow – See “vinyasa.”

Granthi (gran· thi) – One of the three “knots” or blockages in the central energy channel or nadi which prevents a full ascent of the serpent power to achieve enlightenment in tantra yoga .

Guna (goo-nuh) – One of the three main qualities or constituents of nature : tamas (inertia), rajas (overactivity), and sattva (equanimity).

Guru (goo-roo) – A spiritual teacher or leader who offers knowledge and guides one to the path of awakening and union.

Hatha (hah-tah) – The “forceful path.” Ha is translated to the Sun, and Tha, to the Moon. One goal of Hatha Yoga is to balance the sun and moon energy in the body.

Hasta (has-ta) – The hand (or arm).

Iyengar (eye-yen-gar) – One of the more popular styles of yoga, this tradition emphasizes detail, precision and alignment in the performance of asanas. It often makes use of props such as belts, blocks, ropes and blankets.

Japa (jah-pah) – The recitation of Sanskrit mantras or prayers, commonly used in Bhakti Yoga or mantra meditation .

Jnana (juh-nah-nuh) – The yogic path of knowledge and wisdom .

Karma (kar-mah) – The law of cause and effect . A yogi’s goal is to not accumulate any further karma in his or her lifetime.

Kirtan (kur-tan) – The devotional and ecstatic singing and chanting of hymns and mantras in a community gathering.

Kosha (koh-shuh) – One of the five sheaves or envelopes that surrounding the transcendental Self (atman) like Russian nesting dolls. Each kosha hides the one underneath and thus blocks its light and our awareness of their energy.

Kumbhaka (koom-bha-ka) – The holding or retention of breath used in pranayama practices.

Manas (man-uhs) – The rational aspect of mind, which is bound to the senses and processes basic information.

Mandala ( muhn -dal- uh ) – A circular geometric design that represents the cosmos and serves as an object of meditation and contemplation.

Mantra (man-truh) – A sacred Sanskrit sound or phrase, that has a transformative effect on the mind when used in meditation.

Maya (mah-yah) – The deluding or illusionary power of the mind’s projection of the world.

Moksha (mohk-shuh) – The “release” or freedom from the ignorance (avidya) of the true Self.

Mudra (mood-rah) – A hand gesture or bodily movement used in yoga practice to affect the flow of prana, life-force energy.

Namaste (nah-mah-stay) – A salutation said at the beginning or end of a class to acknowledge the inner light inside of all beings.

Nadi (nah-dee) – A channel of prana or subtle energy in the body. There are over 72,000 nadis in the body but there are only three main channels (ida-nadi, pingala-nadi, and sushumna-nadi).

Niyama (nee-yuh-muh) – The second limb of Patanjali’s eight-limbed yoga system contains the five internal practices of Niyama (observance). The five Niyamas are purity (saucha), contentment (samtosha), austerity (tapas), study (svadhyaya), and dedication to the Lord (ishvara-pranidhana).

Om or Aum (ohmm) – The sound of this primary mantra represents the union of the entire universe. Om is often prefixed to many of the Sanskrit mantras and hymns.

Pada (pah-dah) – The foot or leg, as in Eka Pada Rajakapotasana, or One Leg Pigeon Pose

Patanjali (puh-tuhn-juh-lee) – An ancient Indian sage, scholar, philosopher and the compiler of the Yoga Sutra, who lived c. 150 C.E.

Prana (prah-nuh) – The life-force energy that sustains the body. Also one of the five internal winds or vayus.

Pranayama (prah-nah-yah-mah) – The control and mastery of prana or life-force energy through mindful breathing exercises like the ujjayi breath.

Pratyahara (pruh-tyah-hahr-uh) – A yogic technique of “ sense withdrawal ” that creates internal focus and introspection through shutting out the distractions created by the senses.

Ujjayi (u-jai-yee) – The ocean sounding breath or victorious breath. This is a popular type of conscious breathing or pranayama.

Utthita (oo-tee-tah) – This translates to “extended,” is included in asanas in which the body is extended or stretched beyond its regular variation.

Sadhana (sa- dha-na) – The spiritual practice, training or discipline that is used to progress a yogi towards accomplishing enlightenment.

Samadhi (suh-mah-dee) – The highest goal of a yogi is to reach this unitive state in which the meditator becomes enmeshed with the object or focus of one’s meditation.

Samsara (suhm-sahr-uh) – The inherent state of flux and change in our world that we find ourselves cyclically entrapped in.

Samskara (sam-ska-ra) – The subconscious patterned impressions that are created and hidden in the depth of the mind and serve as a source of suffering.

Savasana (sha-va-sa-na) – Translated as “ corpse pose ,” this is the final relaxation pose after a class that involves lying flat on your back with your arms and legs flopped out to the side.

Shala (sha-la) – Used interchangeably with “yoga studio” or “yoga space,” a Shala is is a dedicated space where people can gather to learn, study and practice together. In retreat centers this is usually a type of pavilion that provides a shaded, open meeting place.

Shanti (shahn-tee) – This translates to “peace” in Sanskrit. Shanti is a common mantra chanted or said at the beginning or end of class.

Satsang (sat-sang ) – This is defined as “in the company of truth” and is a gathering to hear an experienced or enlightened yoga teacher speak on a philosophical concept.

Shakti (shak-ti) – The feminine aspect of dynamic divine energy that has a yin/yang relationship with pure consciousness.

Supta (soup-tah) – This translates as “to recline” and is used in poses that involve a reclining position to begin with.

Surya Namaskar (sur-ya na-ma-ska-ra) – The Sun Salutations are a sequence of yoga postures and movements that flow from one to the next. There are several different variations of Surya Namaskar.

Sutra (su-tra) – This translates as “string or thread” and refers to a short rule, like a theorem distilled into few words or short sentence, around which teachings of ritual, philosophy, or other subjects are woven. “The Sutras” is commonly used as shorthand for Patanjali’s Yoga Sutras.

Raja (rah-juh) – Meaning “royal or king” this term is used in asana names and is also a major path of Yoga.

Restorative – This term is sometimes used broadly to describe the energetic effect of specific poses or a sequence. It is used to describe a specific style of yoga that uses blankets and bolsters to support the body while holding postures.

Tantra (tan-truh) – A type of yoga that focuses on the internal energetic side of yoga, involving the use of chakras , mantras, and Hindu mythology.

Tapas (ta-pas) – The heat and intensity that is created by practicing austerity and self-discipline.

Vedas (vay-dahs) – The oldest of the yogic scriptures that comprises four main collections of the Rig Veda, Sama Yajur, and Atharva Vedas.

Vairagya (vai-rahg-yah) – The yogic practice of detachment and the attitude of inner renunciation of worldly goods.

Vinyasa (vuh-nyaa-suh) – A linked sequence of two or more asanas performed in a fluid motion and synchronized with the breath. The most famous vinyasa is the sun salutation. The literal translation is: “nyasa” meaning “to place” and “vi” in a “special way.”

Yamas (yahm-uh) – The five moral, ethical and societal guidelines for the practicing yogi. These guidelines are all expressed in the positive, and describe how a yogi behaves and relates to her world when truly immersed in the unitive state of yoga.

Yin – This Chinese term is used to describe a restorative type of asana practice that focuses on flexibility using long holding times of specific postures.

Yoga (yo-guh) – Sanskrit for “yoking” or “union,” this collection of different spiritual techniques and philosophies aim to unite the mind, body, and spirit. It has four main paths to choose from: Karma Yoga, Kriya Yoga, Bhakti Yoga, and Jnana Yoga.

Yoga Sutras (yo-ga sut-ras) – One of the most popular Ancient Indian texts written by the sage Patanjali that describes a coherent and detailed philosophy of the practice of yoga .

Namaste yogis–we hope you loved this list of the common definitions of yoga terms and will find this list helpful in your study of yoga and Sanskrit. Is there something we forgot or did your teacher say something in class that’s not on our list? Let us know in the comments below!

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19 responses to “79 yoga words and sanskrit terms to know for class”.

Thanks for this wonderful article about Sanskrit yoga words. My favorite word is Namaste!

Please keep creating this amazing info about Sanskrit Yoga Words to know and use! Let me understand how I can assist promote what you do.

Please keep up the good work you do.I really appreciate the info you shared!!

Is there a Sanskrit word for a group of people who practice with and support each other’s yoga practice?

Sangha is often used although this term is specific to Buddhists. Satsang is sometimes used, but it usually refers to a gathering. Ashram is related as well but that refers more to the physical location and structure. Yogis might be an applicable word for this.

What is Rayke

Do you mean Reiki?

Sitting here lonely quarantined from my family for 5 days just tested positive for COVID after being exposed to it at work and feeling stressed over the death of my Dad 3 wks ago with no parents left in the world for the first time in my life, it was suggested by a few loved ones I should try yoga since I can’t go for a run rn. . I’ve been to yoga classes and hot yoga being my favorite on a cold snowy day, but here in my bedroom, I’ve never done. I looked up the word for yoga movements abs came across this article of Sanskrit Yoga terms. I thank you for all these yoga words and meanings. This article has inspired me to get out of bed and put my little “Shala” together and start working on my “asana” flow. Maybe then I won’t feel as tired anymore now that my symptoms from COVID have gotten better. My body is not made for all this much resting I’ve had to do. Body’s were built for moving and I can’t wait to get moving again. Thank you for your article!

Thanks for the great article, i really enjoyed learning the yoga words and sanskrit terms to know for class. Yoga is a Sanskrit word in itself and it is derived from the root yuj meaning to join or unite. The literal translation means “to join or unite.” So Yoga eventually came to be a means by which people could unite their minds and bodies, thus becoming a union of the physical body with the mind.

Great learning stuff on Sanskrit Words for Class! While asana alone can impart deep wisdom — and there’s a lot of wisdom in that realm — learning the language of yoga is about more than understanding the mechanics of a pose. It’s about understanding the foundations of yoga philosophy, called yoga sutras, which are the yogic teachings behind asana. And that’s a lot.

This is an awesome list of words and phrases to know when starting out with yoga. I have found that knowing these terms makes learning more fun and easier. I am currently working towards becoming a certified yoga instructor so this is very useful information.

This list is so useful for beginners who are just starting out with their practice. Knowing these terms will help them understand the deeper meaning behind each pose. Thank you so much for sharing this awesome resource!

This is an awesome list of yoga terminology. I have always struggled with knowing what some of the words meant when I hear them used during class or even just reading articles online. Thank you so much for sharing this information.

I’ve always been a bit intimidated by going to classes and not being able to understand the terminology completely, but this article has been a great resource. Appreciate all the effort you put in!

This article was so incredibly helpful! This article was so incredibly helpful! Every sanskrit word and definition was explained clearly and I’m so thankful for it! Thank you Yoga Basics for this great article. Every sanskrit word and definition was explained clearly and I’m so thankful for it! Thank you Yoga Basics for this great article.

As a teacher of yoga, I always strive to deepen my knowledge and understanding of the practice. This article has given me a new perspective on the importance of Sanskrit in yoga and how it can enhance my teaching.

I’m curious about how the use of Sanskrit in yoga has evolved over time. Has the language always been an integral part of yoga practice, or did it become more important in recent years?

I had heard the word “om” before but didn’t know its significance in yoga practice. It’s amazing how this one syllable can represent the entire universe and the unity of all things.

Woohoo! Finally, someone made an easy-to-understand list of yoga jargon! The English translations of those Sanskrit words are a game-changer for my yoga practice. Now I won’t feel lost in class.

what is the sanskrit word of homework

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How to Say Homework in Sanskrit: Formal and Informal Ways

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homework in Gujarati ગુજરાતી

homework in Hindi हिन्दी

homework in Marathi मराठी

homework in Santali

homework in Tamil தமிழ்

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Introduction

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Sanskrit (संस्कृतम्)

Devanāgarī alphabet for Sanskrit

Sample text in Sanskrit

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The 1000 most common Sanskrit words [Complete List]

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