having finished his homework he went out to play

Participles: The Secret Weapon for Mastering English Grammar

By: Author ESLBUZZ

Posted on Last updated: August 15, 2023

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Welcome! Today, we’re going to talk about participles. Participles are verb forms that function as adjectives, nouns, or part of a compound verb tenses. English has three types of participles: the present participle, the past participle, and the perfect participle. Understanding how to use participles correctly can help you communicate more effectively and make your writing more engaging.

Participles can be used in a variety of ways, including as adjectives, in phrases, and in clauses. They can also be used to create different tenses, such as the present perfect tense. In this article, we’ll cover everything you need to know about participles, including their definition, types, and examples. By the end of this article, you’ll have a better understanding of participles and how to use them effectively in your own writing and speech.

Participles

Understanding Participles

Participles are verb forms that can be used as adjectives, nouns, or as part of a compound verb tense. In English grammar, there are three types of participles: present participle (-ing form), past participle (-ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n form), and perfect participle (having + past participle).

Participles have two main functions: to modify nouns and to form verb tenses. As adjectives, participles can be used to describe or give more information about a noun. For example, “The running water sounded soothing” uses the present participle “running” to describe the water. In contrast, “The broken vase was on the floor” uses the past participle “broken” to describe the vase.

Participles can also be used to form verb tenses, such as the present perfect tense. The present perfect tense is formed by combining the auxiliary verb “have” with the past participle of the main verb. For example, “I have eaten breakfast” uses the present perfect tense to describe a completed action in the past.

It’s important to note that participles can also be used to form participle clauses, which can shorten complex sentences. A participle clause is a phrase that starts with a participle and functions as an adjective or adverb in the sentence. For example, “Walking to the store, I saw my friend” uses the present participle “walking” to describe the action of the subject “I”.

Here are some additional examples of participles used in sentences:

• “The exhausted runner crossed the finish line first” (past participle)
• “Having finished his homework, he went to bed” (perfect participle)
• “The barking dog woke up the neighborhood” (present participle)

Types of Participles

Present Participles

Present participles are formed by adding -ing to the base form of the verb. They are used to form the present continuous tense, the present participle phrase, and the gerund. Here are some examples:

• The running water sounded soothing.
• The smiling child was adorable.
• I enjoy reading books.

Present participles can also be used as adjectives to describe a noun or pronoun. For example:

• The barking dog woke up the neighbors.
• The shining sun made me happy.

Past Participles

Past participles are formed by adding -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n to the base form of the verb. They are used to form the past tense, the past participle phrase, and the passive voice. Here are some examples:

• The broken vase was beyond repair.
• The stolen car was found by the police.
• The written report was submitted on time.

Past participles can also be used as adjectives to describe a noun or pronoun. For example:

• The excited children opened their presents.
• The exhausted runner collapsed at the finish line.

Perfect Participles

Perfect participles are formed by adding having + past participle to the base form of the verb. They are used to form the present perfect tense, the past perfect tense, and the future perfect tense. Here are some examples:

• Having finished his homework, he went to bed.
• Having been to Paris before, she knew where to go.
• Having eaten breakfast, she left for work.

Role of Participles in English Grammar

Participles are verb forms that function as adjectives, nouns, or as part of a compound verb tense. They play an essential role in English grammar, and their usage is crucial to conveying meaning accurately.

Adjective Use

Participles can function as adjectives, modifying nouns or pronouns. They usually end in “-ing” or “-ed” and describe the state or action of the noun or pronoun. For example:

• The running water was refreshing.
• The amused audience watched the comedian.

Participles can also be used to form compound adjectives, which describe the noun or pronoun in more detail. For instance:

• The long-awaited concert was a huge success.
• The well-known actor won an Oscar .

Adverbial Use

Participles can also function as adverbs, modifying verbs and indicating the time, reason, or manner of the action. They usually end in “-ing” and form present participles or “-ed,” “-en,” “-d,” “-t,” “-n,” or “-ne” to form past participles. For example:

• Laughing , she left the room. (indicates manner)
• Having finished his work, he went home. (indicates time)
• Excitedly, she opened the gift. (indicates reason)

Complement Use

Participles can also be used as complements, which complete the meaning of the sentence. They usually end in “-ing” and form present participles or “-ed,” “-en,” “-d,” “-t,” “-n,” or “-ne” to form past participles. For example:

• The book is fascinating . (present participle)
• The book was fascinated . (past participle)

Participles can also be used in participle phrases, which consist of the participle and any modifiers, objects, or complements. For example:

• Eating the same pizza , she watched TV. (participle phrase modifying the subject)
• The movie, directed by Steven Spielberg , was a blockbuster hit. (participle phrase modifying the object)

In conclusion, participles play a significant role in English grammar, and their proper usage is crucial to conveying accurate meaning. By understanding the different ways participles can be used, you can improve your writing and speaking skills and communicate more effectively.

Common Mistakes with Participles

Participles are a type of verb that can function as adjectives. They can be used to modify nouns or as part of a verb tense. However, there are some common mistakes that people make when using participles. In this section, we will discuss two of the most common mistakes: dangling participles and misplaced participles.

Dangling Participles

A dangling participle is a participle that is not properly connected to the noun it is supposed to modify. This can lead to confusion and awkward sentences. Here are some examples of dangling participles:

• Walking down the street, the flowers were in bloom. (Who was walking down the street?)
• After being cooked, the waiter brought me the steak. (Who was cooked?)

To avoid dangling participles, make sure that the participle is properly connected to the noun it is modifying. Here are some corrected versions of the above sentences:

• Walking down the street, I saw that the flowers were in bloom.
• After the steak was cooked, the waiter brought it to me.

Misplaced Participles

A misplaced participle is a participle that is placed too far away from the noun it is supposed to modify. This can also lead to confusion and awkward sentences. Here are some examples of misplaced participles:

• I saw the man walking his dog with a coat made of leather. (Who was wearing the coat?)

To avoid misplaced participles, make sure that the participle is placed as close as possible to the noun it is modifying. Here are some corrected versions of the above sentences:

• I saw the man with a coat made of leather walking his dog.

How to Correctly Use Participles

Participles are verb forms that function as adjectives, modifying nouns and adding specificity and context to your writing. Here are some tips on how to use participles correctly:

1. Use the correct participle form

There are three types of participles in English grammar: present, past, and perfect. Each form is used in different contexts, so it’s important to use the correct form for the situation.

For example, the present participle (-ing form) is used to describe an action that is ongoing or continuous, while the past participle (-ed form) is used to describe a completed action. The perfect participle (-en form) is used to describe an action that has been completed before another action or event.

2. Place participles close to the noun they modify

Participles should be placed as close as possible to the noun they modify to avoid confusion and ambiguity. This helps to ensure that the reader understands which noun the participle is modifying.

3. Use participles sparingly

While participles can add color and detail to your writing, overusing them can make your writing sound awkward and stilted. Use participles sparingly and only when necessary to avoid cluttering your writing with unnecessary information.

4. Avoid dangling participles

A dangling participle is a participle that is not clearly connected to the noun it is intended to modify. This can cause confusion and make your writing difficult to understand.

In conclusion, participles are a crucial part of English grammar that every learner needs to understand. They come in three forms: present participle (-ing), past participle (-ed, -en, -d, -t, -n, or -ne), and perfect participle (having + past participle). Participles can be used as adjectives, nouns, or part of a compound verb tense.

By using participles, you can add depth and detail to your writing, making it more interesting and engaging for your readers. However, it’s important to use them correctly to avoid grammatical errors.

Here are some key takeaways from this article:

• Participles are verb forms that function as adjectives, nouns, or part of a compound verb tense.
• There are three types of participles: present participle, past participle, and perfect participle.
• Participles can be used to form participle clauses, which can shorten complex sentences.
• Make sure to use participles correctly to avoid grammatical errors.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are examples of participles in grammar?

Participles are verb forms that can function as adjectives or as parts of verb tenses. Examples of participles include “running,” “written,” “sung,” and “broken.”

Can you give me some examples of present participle sentences?

Here are some examples of sentences that use present participles:

• The dog is barking loudly.
• I am reading an interesting book.
• She is singing a beautiful song.
• They are playing soccer in the park.

What are some examples of participle clauses?

Here are some examples of participle clauses:

• Running quickly, she caught the bus.
• The book, written by a famous author, was very interesting.
• The boy, frightened by the loud noise, ran away.

Participles are verb forms that can function as adjectives or as parts of verb tenses. Examples of participles include \"running,\" \"written,\" \"sung,\" and \"broken.\"

"}},{"@type":"Question","name":"What are the 4 types of participles?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"

The four types of participles are present participles, past participles, perfect participles, and passive participles.

"}},{"@type":"Question","name":"What is a participle phrase Grammarly?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"

A participle phrase is a group of words that includes a participle and any modifiers or complements. Grammarly is an online writing assistant that can help you identify and correct errors in your writing, including errors related to participle phrases.

"}},{"@type":"Question","name":"What are the 5 forms of participles?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"

The five forms of participles are present active, past active, perfect active, future active, and future passive.

"}},{"@type":"Question","name":"Can you give me some examples of present participle sentences?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"

Sure! Here are some examples of sentences that use present participles:

"}},{"@type":"Question","name":"What are some exercises for participle clauses with answers?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"

Here are some exercises for practicing participle clauses:

• Identify the participle clause in each sentence:
• Rewrite the following sentences using participle clauses:
• Not prepared, we were given a test by the teacher.
• Laughing and shouting, the children played in the park.

That's it for our frequently asked questions about participles!

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He had done the homework before he went out to play.

• Thread starter sinukg
• Start date Dec 22, 2021

Senior Member

• Dec 22, 2021

Hi everyone I heard the sentence "He had done the homework before he went out to play." in a video for English learners. Could you please tell me if we say "He had done his homework before he went to play.", do we get a similar meaning?  

lingobingo said: His instead of the is an improvement (when we have no context, anyway). Went to instead of went out to is the opposite. Click to expand...

You could, if for some reason you wanted to say it in an unidiomatic way. But to go out to play is an idiom. It’s what children do.  

BKBagelBoss

sinukg said: Can't we say "He went to play"? Click to expand...

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Gerunds, Participles Or Infinitives Worksheet For Class 8

by Manjusha · Published July 16, 2022 · Updated September 18, 2023

Write whether the underlined words in the following sentences are finite or non-finite. If they are non-finite, say whether they are infinitives, past participles, present participles or gerunds. Learn how to identify gerunds, participles and infinitives by reviewing this lesson.

1. We walked around the neighbourhood looking for the cat.

2. Screaming loudly, they ran out of the house.

3. I called him because I wanted to talk to him.

4. Swimming is a good exercise.

5. Smoking harms not only the smoker but also those around him.

6. She said that she wanted to become a writer.

7. She does not enjoy cooking or cleaning.

8. I am used to working hard.

9. She insisted on my joining her.

10. He was told to mind his own business.

11. She does not believe in showing off her wealth.

12. Wading through the water, we reached the bank of the river.

1. We walked around the neighbourhood looking for the cat. (looking – non-finite – participle)

2. Screaming loudly, they ran out of the house. (screaming – non-finite – participle)

3. I called him because I wanted to talk to him. (wanted – finite)

4. Swimming is a good exercise. (swimming – non-finite – gerund)

5. Smoking harms not only the smoker but also those around him. (smoking – non-finite – gerund)

6. She said that she wanted to become a writer. (to become – non-finite – infinitive)

7. She does not enjoy cooking or cleaning. (cooking – non-finite – gerund)

8. I am used to working hard. (working – non-finite – gerund)

9. She insisted on my joining her. (joining – non-finite (gerund)

10. He was told to mind his own business. (to mind – non-finite (infinitive))

11. She does not believe in showing off her wealth. (showing – Non-finite (gerund; it is the object of the preposition in))

12. Wading through the water, we reached the bank of the river. (wading – Non-finite (present participle))

Gerunds, Participles or Infinitives Worksheet 2

Write whether the underlined words in the following sentences are finite or non-finite. If they are non-finite, say whether they are infinitives, past participles, present participles or gerunds.

1. I don’t want to talk to him ever again.

2. Did you meet him yesterday?

3. What were you doing in my room?

4. She is eager to quit .

5. It took me several months to finish the job.

6. Are there any advantages to living alone?

7. We still don’t know what happened to them.

8. Having finished his homework, he went out to play.

9. Singing merrily, she walked into the room.

10. We are all waiting to hear from them.

11. He denied all charges levelled against him.

12. She accused me of reading her letters.

13. They encouraged him to try again and again.

14. We cannot afford to spend any more money on this.

15. We were all shocked to hear the news of his sudden demise.

16.We are going to win .

17. She will soon have an accident if she continues to drive like that.

18. How are we going to solve this issue?

19. I don’t mind getting up early in the morning.

20. I enjoy going for long drives.

1. I don’t want to talk to him ever again. (Infinitive)

2. Did you meet him yesterday? (Finite verb)

3. What were you doing in my room? (Present participle)

4. She is eager to quit . (Infinitive)

5. It took me several months to finish the job. (Finite verb)

6. Are there any advantages to living alone? (Gerund – object of the preposition to)

7. We still don’t know what happened to them. (Finite verb)

8. Having finished his homework, he went out to play. (Perfect participle)

9. Singing merrily, she walked into the room. (Present participle)

10. We are all waiting to hear from them. (Present participle)

11. He denied all charges levelled against him. (Past participle)

12. She accused me of reading her letters. (Gerund – object of the preposition of)

13. They encouraged him to try again and again. (Infinitive)

14. We cannot afford to spend any more money on this. (Finite verb)

15. We were all shocked to hear the news of his sudden demise. (Past participle)

16.We are going to win . (Infinitive)

17. She will soon have an accident if she continues to drive like that. (Finite verb)

18. How are we going to solve this issue? (Infinitive)

19. I don’t mind getting up early in the morning. (Gerund – object of the verb mind)

20. I enjoy going for long drives. (Gerund – object of the verb enjoy)

More Non-Finite Verbs Worksheets

• Infinitives, Participles and Gerunds Worksheet For Class 8

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Perfect Participle MCQ Questions | English Grammar Perfect Participle MCQ

English grammar perfect participle mcq, (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});, perfect participle 25 + mcq questions, 11 comments:.

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T049-Irregular Verbs - All tenses

Fill in the missing form of the irregular verb . When you have entered all the answers, click on the "CHECK" button.

• She was lying in her bed when the phone ( ring ).
• During the war they many people. ( shoot )
• I you my new house some time next week ( show ).
• Last night I in my bed for the first time ( sleep )
• My friend me for many years when I him last week ( not see, meet )
• The sun before I to bed ( set, go )
• As soon as he had done his homework he out to play. ( run )
• anyone? ( your dog, ever, bite )
• Shakespeare a lot of plays and poems ( write )
• Denise your uncle last Friday ( meet ).
• Joan four windows since she was born ( break )
• The sun the whole day yesterday ( shine )
• She her keys. She has been looking for them since Monday but she them yet. ( lose, find )
• How often the grass this summer ( you, cut )
• Frank the whole pizza before we arrived ( eat ).
• Mrs. Johnson a deep breath and then opened the door ( take )
• The girl her mother to New York the day before yesterday ( drive )
• I think my nephew six centimeters since last summer ( grow )
• The Titanic in less than six hours ( sink )
• Hurry up! The symphony ( already,begin )

Exercise on Simple Past and Past Perfect

Exceptions 1.

Put the verbs into the correct tense (Simple Past or Past Perfect).

• The removal van arrived had arrived before they finished had finished packing.
• Before they moved had moved to this town, they lived had lived in Chicago.
• After the kids ate had eaten their lunch, they took had taken a little nap.
• After school we always met had always met at the youth club.
• Soon after sunrise we cycled had cycled to an observation point that I never hear had never heard of before.
• When I came had come home, my mother already prepared had already prepared dinner.
• When Monica finished had finished her homework, she went had gone out to play with her friends.
• When we met had met Andrew, we told had ask him about our plans.

Does this sound ok? --- Having finished his homework, Tom went out to play. --- Thanks~ 查看翻譯

• 英語 (美國) 接近流利

Yea But more commonly you say : after he finished his homework, he went out to play. or after finishing it he went out

• 為什麼你認為是"嗯..."呢?
• 你的意見並不會顯示給其他用戶

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Correct choice:, 25 grammar questions for toefl prep - group 1, submit a report.

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Exercises on Transformation of Simple, Complex, Compound Sentences

You now know what simple , compound and complex sentences are. You have also learnt how to transform simple, compound and complex sentences from one type to another. What’s next? If this is what you are thinking, we have got you covered. This article will provide you with multiple exercises on the transformation of simple, complex and compound sentences. Try them out to check how far you have understood the process.

Table of Contents

Exercise 1 – transformation of simple sentences into compound sentences, exercise 2 – transformation of simple sentences to complex sentences, exercise 3 – transformation of compound sentences to complex sentences, exercise 4 – transformation of sentences as directed, frequently asked questions on the transformation of simple, complex, compound sentences exercises.

Before you start working out the exercises given, go through the article on transformation of simple, compound and complex sentences in order to complete the exercises effectively.

Read through the following simple sentences and transform them into compound sentences by using appropriate coordinating conjunctions.

1. Following the trail, we reached our destination.

2. Being sick, I went to the doctor.

3. In spite of the rain, the children went out to play.

4. Having handed over the flowers to my mom, I hugged her.

5. In the event of you not reaching in time, we will postpone the operation.

6. Despite the train being late, Preetha waited for the train.

7. On account of the new rules and regulations, we were asked to work for an extended period.

8. On seeing his mom, the little boy ran to her.

9. I was too tired to do any more work.

10. In order to reduce weight, Anjali has to eat a balanced diet.

Answers for Exercise 1

1. We followed the trail and reached our destination.

2. I was sick, so I went to the doctor.

3. It was raining but the children went out to play.

4. I handed over the flowers to my mom and hugged her.

5. You should reach in time or we will postpone the operation.

6. The train was late yet Preetha waited for the train.

7. There were new rules and regulations, so we were asked to work for an extended period.

8. The little boy saw his mom and at once ran to her.

9. I was very tired, so I could not do any more work.

10. Anjali has to reduce weight, so she has to eat a balanced diet.

Go through the following simple sentences and transform them into complex sentences by using suitable subordinating conjunctions.

1. Because of the rain, we decided to stay back home.

2. To finish your project in time, you should start now.

3. Besides being a good doctor, Sheena is a great artist.

4. Despite several obstacles, Aaron made it to the end.

5. On seeing the bride, all her friends were moved to tears.

6. Without accepting your mistakes, you will not be able to move forward in life.

7. It is too soon to determine the outcome.

8. Stretching itself, the cat crawled into a comfortable position on the couch.

9. Owing to the lack of financial resources, the construction work will not be complete within the said time. .

10. In spite of trying multiple times, she could not clear the forty-fifth level.

Answers for Exercise 2

1. As it was raining, we decided to stay back home.

2. If you want to finish your project in time, you should start now.

3. Not only is Sheena a good doctor but also a great artist.

4. Though there were several obstacles, Aaron made it to the end.

5. As soon as all her friends saw the bride, they were moved to tears.

6. You will be able to move forward in life only if you accept your mistakes.

7. It is so soon that the outcome cannot be determined.

8. As the cat stretched itself, it crawled into a comfortable position on the couch.

9. Because there was a lack of financial resources, the construction work will not be completed within the said time.

10. Even though she tried multiple times, she could not clear the forty-fifth level.

Check out the following compound sentences and convert them into complex sentences by replacing the coordinating conjunction with the most appropriate subordinating conjunction.

1. I finished my homework and went out to play with my friends.

2. It was very cold, so I wore a sweater.

3. Harold is not keeping well, yet he helps his sister out with the household chores.

4. You must practise well, or you will not be able to perform well.

5. It was cloudy, therefore we went by car.

6. My bike was out of petrol, so I had to go to the nearest petrol station.

7. Naina was very ill, therefore we had to take Naina to the hospital.

8. Rahul worked at the grocery store and studied French at the college as well.

9. You must follow the traffic rules or you will be punished.

10. The bell rang and at once the students assembled on the ground according to their sports houses.

Answers for Exercise 3

1. After I finished my homework, I went out to play with my friends.

2. It was so cold that I had to wear a sweater.

3. Although Harold is not keeping well, he helps his sister out with the household chores.

4. If you do not practise well, you will not be able to perform well.

5. Since it was cloudy, we went by car.

6. Since my bike was out of petrol, I had to go to the nearest petrol station.

7. As Naina was very ill, we had to take her to the hospital.

8. Not only did Rahul work at the grocery store but also studied French at the college.

9. If you do not follow the traffic rules, you will be punished.

10. As soon as the bell rang, the students assembled on the ground according to their sports houses.

Go through the following sentences and transform them as directed.

1. If you don’t leave now, you will get caught in the rain. (Change into a simple sentence)

2. Though we were not sure if we could finish it, we volunteered to help them. (Change into a compound sentence)

3. Not only did Leslie work on his assignment but also helped me finish mine. (Change into a compound sentence)

4. As a result of our continuous efforts, we were able to create a working model of the hospital bed successfully. (Change into a complex sentence)

5. Morgan was a nurse and so her job was to take care of her patients. (Change into a simple sentence)

6. I looked for Danny everywhere but I could not find him. (Change into a complex sentence)

7. My cousins and I went for a movie yesterday as we were bored. (Change into a compound sentence)

8. Tinku wanted to play with his friends and so he finished all his homework quickly. (Change into a simple sentence)

9. As Balu reached his office, he realised that he had forgotten his files. (Change into a simple sentence)

10. Bidding goodbye, Mazeeka hugged Raimy for one last time. (Change into a compound sentence)

Answers for Exercise 4

1. In the event of you not leaving now, you will get caught in the rain.

2. We were not sure if we could finish it, but we volunteered to help them.

3. Leslie worked on his assignment and helped me finish mine as well.

4. Since we put in continuous efforts, we were able to create a working model of the hospital bed successfully.

5. Being a nurse, Morgan’s job was to take care of her patients.

6. Though I looked for Danny everywhere, I could not find him.

7. My cousins and I were bored, therefore we went for a movie yesterday.

8. In order to play with his friends, Tinku finished all his homework quickly.

9. On reaching his office, Balu realised that he had forgotten his files.

10. Mazeeka bid goodbye and hugged Raimy for one last time.

You can also go through the article on simple, compound and complex sentence exercises for more practice exercises.

How to transform a simple sentence into a compound sentence?

Converting a simple sentence into a compound sentence can be done by changing the participle or infinitive phrase into a clause and combining the two clauses using a coordinating conjunction.

How to transform a compound sentence into a complex sentence?

To transform a compound sentence into a complex sentence, you should replace the coordinating conjunction with a subordinating conjunction and convert an independent clause into a dependent clause.

What should you do to transform a complex sentence into a simple sentence?

In order to transform a complex sentence into a simple sentence, all you have to do is convert the dependent clause into a participle/infinitive phrase, remove the subordinating conjunction and write the independent clause as it is.

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Where Are O.J. Simpson’s Kids Now? What to Know About Arnelle, Jason, Sydney and Justin

O.J. Simpson was a father to five children before his death on April 10

Rebecca Aizin is an Editorial Assistant at PEOPLE. She has been working at PEOPLE since 2023. Her work has previously appeared on Elle, HGTV and Backstage. 

O.J. Simpson was a father of five before his death at the age of 76 .

The former NFL player shared three children, Arnelle, Jason and Aaren, with his first wife, Marguerite Whitley, and welcomed two kids, Sydney and Justin, with his second wife Nicole Brown Simpson . Aaren died a month before her 2nd birthday after drowning in the family swimming pool.

Simpson's family was thrust into the spotlight after the murder of Nicole and her friend Ron Goldman in June 1994. Simpson was detained days later and an 11-month trial commenced that was dubbed "The Trial of the Century" by many legal experts. On Oct. 3, 1995, 100 million people in the U.S. alone watched as Simpson was acquitted on both counts of murder.

On April 10, 2024, Simpson died at 76 years old from cancer. His family announced the news on his X (formerly known as Twitter) account in a statement.

Bei/Shutterstock ; Vinnie Zuffante/Getty

"On April 10th, our father, Orenthal James Simpson, succumbed to his battle with cancer. He was surrounded by his children and grandchildren. During this time of transition, his family asks that you please respect their wishes for privacy and grace," they wrote.

Here’s everything to know about O.J. Simpson’s five children: Sydney, Justin, Arnelle, Jason and Aaren.

Arnelle Simpson, 55

Alexander Tamargo/Getty

Simpson’s eldest daughter was born on Dec. 4, 1968, when the football player was 21 years old. Arnelle testified at his 1994 trial where he was accused of murdering his second wife, Nicole. She claimed that her father was "emotional," "distraught" and "out of control" when he learned of her death, per CNN.

Arnelle remained a vocal supporter of her father, speaking out again during his 2017 parole hearing following his jail sentence for a 2007 armed robbery at a Las Vegas hotel. At the time, she asked that her dad be released so her family could “move forward.”

"As a family, we recognize he's not the perfect man, but as a man and a father he has done his best to behave in a way that speaks to his overall nature and character,” she said, after describing him as her “best friend,” per CBS .

Jason Simpson, 53

Michael Ochs Archives/Getty

Simpson and Whitley’s second child, Jason, was born in 1970. Jason was by his dad’s side during important moments of his career, including when he was inducted into the Buffalo Bills Wall of Fame in Rich Stadium in 1980.

He also attended the premiere of Naked Gun 33 1/3: The Final Insult alongside his father, Nicole and two younger siblings three months before Nicole’s murder.

After the infamous police chase where the authorities were tailing a white Ford Bronco containing Simpson and his friend and former teammate Al Cowlings, Jason met his father at his Brentwood home and tried to speak to him. Jason was handcuffed by the police at the time and led back into the house.

Per the Los Angeles Times , as of 2016, Jason was living a private life as a chef at an Atlanta restaurant, St. Cecilia.

Aaren Simpson

Simpson and Whitley welcomed their third chid, daughter Aaren, in 1977. Just one month shy of her 2nd birthday, Aaren tragically drowned in a pool. Simpson rarely discussed the incident in public.

Sydney Brooke Simpson, 38

Bei/Shutterstock

Sydney, O.J. and Nicole’s first child together, was born on Oct. 17, 1985. She was only 8 years old when her mom died, and was helped raised by her aunt and Nicole’s sister, Tanya Brown, after Nicole’s death.

Sydney and Justin moved to Florida in 2000, six years after their mom’s death, and have lived in relative anonymity since. Sydney graduated from Boston University in 2010 with a degree in sociology and spent time in Atlanta before she moved to St. Petersburg, Florida.

As of April 2016, Sydney works in real estate as an owner of multiple properties in Florida that she oversees, per the Tampa Bay Times .

That same year, in February 2016, Sydney and her brother Justin attended the wedding of their cousin , Sean Brown, who is Nicole’s sister Denise Brown's son, in Newport Coast, California. They were photographed at the ceremony as he wed Laguna Beach ‘s Casey Reinhardt.

Justin Ryan Simpson, 35

DMI/The LIFE Picture Collection/Shutterstock

O.J.’s youngest child, Justin, was born on Aug. 6, 1988. He was 5 years old when his mom was murdered outside the house as he slept.

Days after Simpson died in April 2024, David Brobeck, Justin's godfather, told PEOPLE that he and Sydney have found a " good life " in the years after their mother was murdered. Sydney and Justin frequently spent time with Brobeck and his family during the trial, and he said that they "received tremendous love and attention and support" from the community at the time.

“They've grown up, and they have their own families now, and they're doing really well,” he said. “They're solid solid people and parents, and we just wish them all the best and give them lots of love.”

Like his sister, Justin works in real estate and, as of 2016, was employed by Coldwell Banker. He is an agent based in St. Petersburg, telling the Tampa Bay Times , "It's a great place to live, why not St. Pete? It’s gorgeous here.”

In February 2022, Justin announced on his Instagram that he was expecting a child with his partner, a baby girl they named Lana.

“We are extremely excited, scared, nervous and in love ❤️ ❤️ ❤️,” he captioned the post. “In only a few short months we will be welcoming little Lana and can’t wait for you to meet her!”

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