pakistani culture short essay

Pakistan: Culture and History Exploratory Essay

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Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a large culturally diverse country located at the crossroads of the strategically significant expanses of South Asia, Central Asia and Western Asia, and borders Afghanistan and Iran in the western corridor, India in the eastern corridor, and China in the far northeast (Page et al 6). This brief attempts to examine the country’s history and culture.

Although Urdu is the official national language and lingua franca of Pakistan, Punjabi is the principal indigenous language in the country by virtue of the fact that it is spoken by an estimated 60 million individuals (Page et al 18). There exist marked differences between how the Urdu language is written using Arabic and Hindi characters.

Although the language uses the right-to-left alphabet modified from the Persian alphabet, it is important to point out that some characters do not exist in Hindi, implying that people using the Hindi characters have to employ some consonants from Arabic for use in words borrowed from Arabic/Persian only.

For instance, the ‘Z’ sound is not available in Hindi, necessitating speakers to use ‘J’ instead. Equally, some characters do not exist in Arabic or Persian, and are therefore borrowed from Hindi. The rules for gender in most of the characters which have been borrowed from the Hindi language do not change between Urdu and Hindi; however the rules for gender shifts in most of the words borrowed from the Arabic language.

Moving on to the issue of tribes, the major ethnic groups in Pakistan include “…Punjabis (44.68% of the population), Pashtuns (15.42%), Sindhis (14.1%), Seraikis (8.38%), Muhajirs (7.57%), Balochis (3.57%) and others (6.08%)” (Page et al 18).

While the Punjabis are an indo-Aryan tribal grouping of North Indian origin, the Pashtuns belong to the Eastern Iranian peoples, and the Sindhis are native to the Sindh province of Pakistan.

The Seraikis have no central place of origin, but the Muhajirs are immigrants who preferred to stay in Pakistan and changed their residence after the partition of British India to Pakistan. The Balochis are native to Balochistan – the largest province of Pakistan by land mass.

In discussing the main characteristics of Pakistani culture, it is imperative to mention that every great nation enjoys its own distinct culture, and Pakistan is no different in large part due to its distinctive culture that is grounded on Islamic values and traditions, as well as a rich historical background.

Pakistani culture draws its value propositions, belief systems and traditions from Islam, by virtue of the fact that it is actually a component of the contemporary Islamic civilization.

It is of essence to note that Pakistani culture is a striking combination of Punjabi, Sindhi, Pathan, Baluchi, Barohi, Seraiki and Kashmiri cultures, and that the society follows a patriarch system where each nuclear/extended family is headed by the senior most male member, who is responsible for the upkeep of the family.

Pakistani culture is not only characterized by a rich variety of colorful dress codes, but also a great tradition of fairs and festivals, including the Horse and Cattle shows of Lahore, the Polo festival of Gilgit, as well as the annual urs of Hazrat Daata Ganj Bakhsh.

Lastly, it is important to note that not only are Pakistani people great lovers of sports and games, such as hockey, cricket, soccer and squash, but they also enjoy great distinction in production of handicrafts at an international level (Civil Service of Pakistan para. 1-9).

Works Cited

Civil Service of Pakistan. Characteristics of Pakistani Culture and Important Traditions and Customs . 2012. Web.

Page, Shirley, Kim Sappe, Crystal Johnson, Carol Morgan and Barbara Dezmon 2009. Pakistan: Heritage Resource Packet . Web.

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Essay On Pakistani Culture 200 Words

Pakistan is located in South Asia, with a rich and diverse culture influenced by various civilizations throughout history. The country’s culture blends different ethnic groups, languages, religions, and traditions, making it a unique and vibrant culture.

The traditional dress of Pakistan is the shalwar kameez, worn by both men and women. The dress is colorful and embroidered, reflecting the country’s rich heritage. Pakistani cuisine is famous for its delicious and spicy dishes, such as biryani, karahi, and kebabs. The country’s music and dance are also essential to its culture, with various regional and folk songs and dances.

Islam is the dominant religion in Pakistan, and its teachings are reflected in the country’s culture. The Islamic festivals of Eid-ul-Fitr and Eid-ul-Adha are celebrated with great enthusiasm and joy throughout the country.

Pakistan is also famous for its handicrafts, such as pottery, weaving, and embroidery. These handicrafts are an essential source of income for many people in rural areas and are highly valued for their intricate designs and beauty.

In conclusion, Pakistani culture is a rich and diverse blend of various traditions, languages, and customs. The country’s people are proud of their cultural heritage and strive to preserve and promote it. The colorful dress, spicy food, beautiful music, and vibrant festivals make Pakistan a unique and fascinating country to explore.

Essay On Pakistani Culture 500 words

Pakistan, located in South Asia, has a rich and diverse cultural heritage spanning thousands of years. Its culture blends various regional cultures, including Punjabi, Sindhi, Balochi, Pashtun, and Kashmiri. Pakistani culture is renowned for its hospitality, colorful festivals, and mouth-watering cuisine. In this essay, we will explore Pakistani culture and its unique characteristics.

One of the most striking features of Pakistani culture is its hospitality. Hospitality is an integral part of Pakistani culture and is deeply ingrained in its people. Guests are considered a blessing, and their arrival is always welcomed with open arms. The host goes out of his way to make the guests feel comfortable and respected. It is customary to offer guests refreshments such as tea, sweets, and snacks. Guests are treated as royalty, and their comfort is given top priority.

Another important aspect of Pakistani culture is its festivals. Pakistan is a country of festivals, and there is always something to celebrate. Some major festivals celebrated in Pakistan include Eid-ul-Fitr, Eid-ul-Adha, Muharram, and Basant. Eid-ul-Fitr and Eid-ul-Adha are celebrated with great fervor and joy throughout the country. Muharram is a month of mourning, and the Shia Muslims commemorate the martyrdom of Imam Hussain. Basant is a kite-flying festival, and people of all ages participate in this colorful and vibrant festival.

Pakistani cuisine is renowned for its variety and flavors. Pakistani cuisine is a blend of various regional cuisines characterized by its rich aroma and spices. Some popular dishes include biryani, kebabs, nihari, and haleem. Pakistani sweets, such as gulab jamun, ras malai, and jalebi, are also famous for their taste and texture. Pakistani cuisine is a reflection of the country’s cultural diversity, and its flavors are enjoyed by people all over the world.

Pakistani music is another integral part of its culture. Pakistani music is diverse and rich, reflecting the country’s cultural heritage. Ghazal, qawwali, and classical music are popular forms of Pakistani music. Pakistani music strongly influences the subcontinent, and many of its musicians are renowned worldwide.

In addition to its cultural richness, Pakistani culture is also characterized by its art and crafts. Pakistani crafts, such as pottery, weaving, and embroidery, are famous worldwide. Pakistani art is also unique and diverse, reflecting the country’s rich cultural heritage. Pakistani calligraphy, miniature painting, and truck art are some popular forms of Pakistani art.

In conclusion, Pakistani culture is diverse, rich, and vibrant. Its hospitality, festivals, cuisine, music, art, and crafts reflect the country’s cultural heritage. Pakistani culture is deeply rooted in its people and a source of pride and joy for them. Pakistani culture is a true testament to the fact that diversity is a strength and a shining example for the world to follow.

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Sana Mursleen is a student studying English Literature at Lahore Garrison University (LGU). With her love for writing and humor, she writes essays for Top Study World. Sana is an avid reader and has a passion for history, politics, and social issues.

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Throughout Pakistan, as in most agrarian societies, family organization is strongly patriarchal, and most people live with large extended families, often in the same house or family compound . The eldest male, whether he is the father, grandfather, or paternal uncle, is the family leader and makes all significant decisions regarding the family and its members. Traditionally, a woman’s place in society has been secondary to that of men, and she has been restricted to the performance of domestic chores and to fulfilling the role of a dutiful wife and mother. However, in the Punjab , cotton picking is exclusively a woman’s job, and women may keep the money thus earned for their own purposes.

In wealthy peasant and landowner households and in urban middle-class families, the practice of keeping women in seclusion ( purdah ) is still common; when women leave their houses, they typically cover their heads. Among the rural poor, women have duties on the farm as well as in the house and do not customarily observe purdah. Houses of those who practice purdah have a men’s section ( mardānah ) at the front of the house, so that visitors do not disturb the women, who are secluded in the women’s section ( zanānah ) in the rear. Women’s subordinate status in Pakistan also is evident in the practice of “ honour killings ,” in which a woman may be killed by a male relative if she is thought to have brought dishonour on the family or clan.

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Among the wealthiest Pakistanis, Western education and modes of living have eliminated purdah, but, in general, even among that group, attitudes toward women in society and the family often have been viewed by outsiders as antiquated. Change has occurred most rapidly among the urban middle-income group, inspired by increasing access to the West as well as by the entry of women into the workforce and into government service. An increasing number of middle-class women have stopped observing purdah, and the education of women has been encouraged. Some women have gained distinction in the professions; some of Pakistan’s leading politicians, journalists, and teachers have been women, and a woman has served as prime minister and as speaker of parliament.

In traditional parts of Pakistan, social organization revolves around kinship rather than around the caste system that is used in India . The baradari ( berādarī ; patrilineage, literally “brotherhood”) is the most important social institution. Endogamy is widely practiced, often to a degree that would be considered inappropriate in Western society; the preferred marriage for a man within many Pakistani communities is with his father’s brother’s daughter, and among many other groups marriages are invariably within the baradari . The lineage elders constitute a council that adjudicates disputes within the lineage and acts on behalf of the lineage with the outside world—for example, in determining political allegiances . In contemporary Pakistan, the question of class distinction based on historic patterns of social interaction has become blurred by the tendency to pretend that one has lineage to a nobler ancestor. However, irrespective of the questionable authenticity of a claim to a particular title, the classification of social status persists.

Pakistani clothing styles are similar in many ways to those found in India. The shalwar - kamiz combination—a long knee-length shirt ( kamiz , camise) over loose-fitting pants ( shalwar )—is the most common traditional form of attire. As a more formal overgarment, men wear a knee-length coat known as a sherwani ; women frequently wear a light shawl called a dupatta . Among conservative Muslim communities, women sometimes wear the burqa , a full-length garment that may or may not cover the face. In earlier generations, the fez hat was popular among Muslim men, but more often the woolen, boat-shaped Karakul hat (popularized by Mohammed Ali Jinnah) is associated with Pakistan; however, many other hat styles are worn, especially in tribal areas. Western clothes are popular among the urban young, and combinations of Western and Pakistani styles can be seen in the streets.

Pakistani cuisine also has affinities with that of India. Curry dishes are common, as are a variety of vegetables, including potatoes, eggplant, and okra. Each region (and, often, each household) has its own preferred mixture of spices—the term masala is used to describe such a mixture. In addition to the many spices that are also associated with other countries of South Asia , yogurt is a common ingredient. Favourite meats include chicken, mutton, and lamb. Lentils are a standard dish, and various types of wheat bread are the national staple. The most common breads are chapati (unleavened flat bread) and naan (slightly leavened). Pakistanis drink a great deal of hot tea (chai), and lassi (a type of yogurt drink), sherbet, and lemonade are popular. As in most Muslim countries, alcoholic beverages are considered culturally inappropriate, but there are several domestic breweries and distilleries.

Muslim Pakistanis celebrate the two major Islamic holidays, Eid al-Fitr (which marks the end of Ramadan) and Eid al-Adha (which marks the end of the hajj), as well as the Prophet Muhammad’s birthday (the religious holidays are based on a lunar calendar and vary from year to year). Mohammed Ali Jinnah’s birthday (December 25) is a celebrated holiday. Independence Day is August 14, and Pakistan Day is March 23 (celebrating the Lahore [Pakistan] Resolution of 1940). There are a number of other major and minor holidays.

Why I Love Pakistan Essay | 400, 500 & 700 Words

by Pakiology | Aug 7, 2024 | Essay , English | 2 comments

400 Words Essay on Why I Love Pakistan With Quotation

Pakistan is a country full of diversity and richness in culture, history, and natural beauty. From the towering peaks of the Karakoram range to the fertile plains of Punjab, Pakistan has a rich tapestry of landscapes and wonders to discover. In this essay, we will explore the reasons why we love Pakistan and why it is an incredibly special and unique country.

A Rich Cultural Heritage

Pakistan has a rich cultural heritage that is steeped in tradition and history. With a rich history dating back to the Indus Valley Civilization, Pakistan has been a hub of cultural exchange and trade for thousands of years. From the famous Mughal era monuments, such as the Lahore Fort and the Badshahi Mosque, to the vibrant traditional festivals such as the truck art and mango festival, Pakistan’s cultural heritage is rich and diverse.

Natural Beauty and Adventure

Pakistan is also home to some of the most breathtaking natural wonders in the world. From the towering peaks of the Karakoram range to the lush green valleys of Hunza, Pakistan’s natural beauty is truly awe-inspiring. Whether you are a seasoned mountaineer or just someone looking for a peaceful stroll in nature, Pakistan has something for everyone. Additionally, the country is also home to some of the world’s most challenging and exciting adventure sports, such as white-water rafting and trekking.

Hospitality and Generosity

The people of Pakistan are well known for their hospitality and generosity. Whether you are a visitor to the country or a local resident, you are sure to be welcomed with open arms and treated like royalty. The warmth and kindness of the people is one of the many reasons why we love Pakistan and it is a testament to the rich cultural heritage of the country.

A Land of Opportunity

Pakistan is a land of opportunity, with a young and growing population, a vibrant and expanding economy, and a rich cultural heritage. Whether you are an entrepreneur looking to start a new business, a student looking to further your education, or a tourist looking to explore the country’s many wonders, Pakistan has something for everyone.

In conclusion, Pakistan is a country full of diversity, richness, and beauty. From its rich cultural heritage to its stunning natural wonders, Pakistan has something for everyone. The warmth and hospitality of the people, combined with a land of opportunity, make Pakistan an incredibly special and unique country that we love and cherish.

Pakistan Zindabad!

500 Words Essay on Why I Love Pakistan

Pakistan is a country that is dear to my heart for many reasons. As a Pakistani, I am proud of my heritage and the rich culture and history of the country. I am inspired by the resilience and determination of its people, who have faced many challenges and obstacles but have always remained strong and united.

One of the things that I love about Pakistan is its natural beauty. From the towering mountains in the north to the beautiful beaches in the south, the country is blessed with a diverse and stunning landscape. The northern regions, with their snow-capped peaks and crystal-clear lakes, are particularly breathtaking. I have had the opportunity to visit many of these places, and they never fail to take my breath away.

I am also proud of Pakistan’s achievements in various fields. Despite facing many challenges, the country has made significant progress in areas such as science and technology, education, and sports. Pakistani scientists and engineers have made important contributions to the field of science and technology, and the country has a growing number of world-class educational institutions. In sports, Pakistani athletes have brought home many medals and accolades at international competitions. The success of Pakistani scientists, athletes, and scholars is a source of inspiration for me and for many other young people in the country.

The people of Pakistan are another reason why I love the country. They are hardworking, hospitable, and generous. I have had the privilege of meeting and interacting with many wonderful people from different parts of the country, and I am always struck by their kindness and warmth. Whether I am visiting a rural village or a bustling city, I am always welcomed with open arms and treated like a member of the family.

There are many other aspects of Pakistan that I love and admire. For example, I am proud of the country’s rich and diverse cultural heritage. Pakistan is home to a wide range of ethnic and linguistic groups, each with its own unique customs and traditions. This diversity adds to the richness and vibrancy of Pakistani culture, and it is something that I cherish and celebrate.

I also love the religious and spiritual diversity of Pakistan. The country is home to people of many different faiths, including Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, and others. This religious diversity is a source of strength and harmony, and it is something that I value and respect.

Pakistan is also a country with a rich culinary tradition. From the spicy curries of Punjab to the savory kebabs of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistani cuisine is diverse, delicious, and full of flavor. I love trying new dishes and experiencing the diverse culinary traditions of the country.

Pakistan is a country that I love and cherish for many reasons. Its culture, beauty, achievements, and people are all sources of pride and inspiration for me. I am grateful to be a Pakistani, and I am confident that the country will continue to grow and thrive in the years ahead.

In conclusion, I love Pakistan for its culture, beauty, achievements, and people. It is my home, and I am proud to be a Pakistani. Despite the challenges and difficulties that the country faces, I am confident that its people will continue to overcome them and build a better future for themselves and for future generations.

700 Words Essay on Why I Love Pakistan

Pakistan, my homeland, holds a cherished place in my heart for countless reasons. The breathtaking beauty of our country never fails to captivate me. From the majestic peaks of the northern mountains to the serene beaches of the southern coast, Pakistan’s landscapes are diverse and awe-inspiring. Whether trekking through the lush valleys of Swat or exploring the ancient forts of Punjab, each region offers a unique glimpse into the natural splendor that defines our nation.

Beyond its physical allure, Pakistan is a tapestry woven with the threads of diverse cultures and traditions. Our society is a vibrant mosaic of languages, customs, and festivals that reflect the richness of our heritage. Whether celebrating the vibrancy of Basant in Lahore or the cultural richness of Sindhi weddings, these traditions unite us in a shared sense of pride and identity.

The history of Pakistan is a testament to the resilience and courage of its people. Our journey to independence, under the leadership of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, symbolizes our unwavering determination to forge our own destiny. The sacrifices made during the struggle for freedom and subsequent conflicts have shaped our national identity and inspire us to uphold the values of unity and perseverance.

Pakistan’s potential for growth and opportunity is another reason why I hold it dear. With a burgeoning youth population and a rapidly expanding economy, there are endless possibilities for progress in fields such as technology, agriculture, and entrepreneurship. As a student, I am eager to contribute to the advancement of our country and to play my part in shaping its promising future.

Additionally, the principles of Islam form the moral compass of our society. Values such as compassion, justice, and respect for others are integral to our interactions and underscore our commitment to harmony and understanding. These teachings not only guide our personal conduct but also foster a spirit of unity among Pakistanis of diverse backgrounds.

The cultural diversity of Pakistan is a source of immense pride and fascination for me. Each province and region boasts its own distinct traditions and languages, adding layers of richness to our national identity. From the vibrant dance forms of Punjab to the intricate artistry of Balochi embroidery, these cultural expressions celebrate our heritage and foster a deep sense of belonging among Pakistanis.

Moreover, Pakistan’s rich literary heritage has left an indelible mark on me. From the poetry of Allama Iqbal, who envisioned Pakistan as a homeland for Muslims of the subcontinent, to the literary prowess of writers like Saadat Hasan Manto and Faiz Ahmed Faiz, our literature reflects the depth of our intellectual and artistic traditions. These literary giants have inspired generations with their words, shaping our collective consciousness and reaffirming our commitment to knowledge and enlightenment.

The hospitality of the Pakistani people is another aspect of our national character that fills me with pride. Whether in bustling cities or remote villages, the warmth and generosity of Pakistanis are evident in our interactions with friends, family, and strangers alike. The tradition of ‘mehman nawazi’ (hospitality) is deeply ingrained in our culture, embodying the values of kindness and openness that define us as a nation.

Furthermore, Pakistan’s geographical location is strategically significant, bridging South Asia, Central Asia, and the Middle East. This unique position has historically made Pakistan a hub of trade, culture, and diplomacy. The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a testament to our country’s potential to serve as a gateway for economic cooperation and development in the region and beyond.

As a student, I am keenly aware of the challenges that Pakistan faces, from economic disparities to social issues and environmental concerns. However, these challenges also represent opportunities for growth and transformation. The resilience and resourcefulness of our people give me hope for a future where Pakistan can fulfill its immense potential as a prosperous and progressive nation.

In conclusion, my love for Pakistan is rooted in its natural beauty, cultural diversity, rich history, economic potential, adherence to Islamic values, literary heritage, hospitality, and strategic significance. Each aspect contributes to the unique tapestry that is Pakistan, a country that continues to evolve and inspire. As a student, I am proud to be part of this dynamic nation and committed to contributing positively to its future. Together, we can build a brighter tomorrow for Pakistan, where every Pakistani can thrive and prosper.

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The cultural and ethnic diversity across the four provinces of Pakistan makes this multi-ethnic country stand out. From Punjabis to Sindhis or from Pashtuns to Muhajirs, you will find it all within Pakistan. Pakistan is culturally, religiously, and ethnically a versatile land, and we will discover the true essence and beauty of these distinct cultures and their development through the ages below.

There is an extensive history of Pakistan’s land and how communities/ tribes from diverse backgrounds, with specific cultures and ethnicity, landed in Pakistan, creating a unified yet vicious web of cultures and traditions. Pakistan’s heritage culture reels back to the times of the Indus civilization, approximately five thousand years ago. Since then, the penetration of Islamic ideology has played a considerable role in shaping current Pakistan’s cultural dynamic. The cultural modifications in Pakistan were highly influenced by Arabic-Persian cultures and a few decades back by western cultures.

To date, numerous traditions, celebrations, food, and lifestyle has a hint of western and Indian cultures. Celebrations such as Holi (Hindu celebration), Christmas, and Thanksgiving (western celebrations) have become prevalent in Pakistan. The more we explore the culture of the west, the more we follow them.

Accommodating more than fifteen major ethnic groups, Pakistan is a land of cultural and ethnic heterogeneity. The most notable communities include Punjabis, Sindhis, Pashtuns (Pathans), Balochi, Kashmiris, and Muhajirs (communities that migrated from India to Pakistan during the partition). The core communities for each ethnicity are primarily divided across provinces of Pakistan, i.e., Pashtuns are mainly concentrated in KPK (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa), Sindhis towards South, Punjabis towards East, and Balochis towards South-West. The intermixing of these several cultures, their traditions, and lifestyle are well-developed, and people are intrigued to learn about neighboring cultures within Pakistan.

Although Pakistan’s national language is Urdu, you will discover people communicating in various languages. Pashto, Urdu, Punjabi, Saraiki, and many others. Not to forget, the use of the English language in daily life has increased. If one observes, children are taught to communicate in English when they go to school. The teaching medium in educational institutes is a mix of both English and Urdu.

One remarkable ability in Pakistan’s society households is using two or more languages in homes like Urdu and Punjabi, Balochi and Seraiki, Sindhi and Urdu. It shows the cultural assortment and acceptability of different ethnic groups in our lives. With this artistic growth, the gap between fluent spoken and written Urdu languages rises. It may be a sign of us adopting other cultures at the expense of compromising the command of our national language.

Family Structure

One of the critical features of Pakistani culture can be termed “Collectiveness.” Various communities, families, and associates are highly interlinked and interdependent on one another. Social, political, and professional connections and relations are given immense regard making Pakistan a socially complex society. These loyalties within communities go across generations. The nature of this collectiveness explains the family set-ups in Pakistan. Large, extended families have lived together under one roof for decades, and to date, many family set-ups follow the same tradition.

However, with rising independence and primarily the influence of the western culture, many households have been divided so that each house caters to one particular family. People are inclined towards separate, independent homes to relieve them of financial constraints, have privacy and have a greater focus on their children and upbringing.

Food and Dining Etiquettes

Food is what brings Pakistani families and communities closer. Few traditional Pakistani foods include biryani and karahi. Pakistan is a Muslim country; hence, only halal meat is consumed. Pork or alcohol is not used in meal preparations. Food preparation and cooking style utilizes a lot of spices, rich, vibrant colors, and mouthwatering aromas. Along with desi (traditional) foods, food from other countries and cultures such as Korean, Indian, and American are also consumed regularly and are found on food menus in restaurants within Pakistan.

Dining etiquettes have been a significant part of Pakistani culture and heritage when it comes to food. It has been the same for decades: the entire family sits together (preferably on the floor) and eats. While eating, discussions are generally based around routine life and some words of wisdom from the elders. However, the family dining experience and culture have somehow diminished in the present times. Each family member eats according to their convenience, and the spirit of a close-knit, productive dining table family discussion seems to be lost.

Clothing and Fashion

Each particular culture and ethnic group have its traditional clothing piece which portrays its identity. For instance, in Sindhis, Ajrak is a popular clothing item. However, these conventional clothing pieces are still utilized today but with a touch of modern fashion. The styling and accessorizing of clothes have been a key in cultural growth and development.

The use of jeans and t-shirts is more common than the use of shalwar kameez in daily life. Youth of the nation predominantly revolutionizes lifestyle, getting inspiration from international market and fashion trends and incorporating them into their cultural wear. However, we need to think: Is this exposure adding to the artistic growth or erasing the traces of actual ethnicity of various cultures in Pakistan?

Gender Roles

Traditionally, gender roles were very distinct. Females remained in the households and took care of domestic chores while men used to work and earn money. However, cultural growth has variegated the gender roles. Nowadays, females are working in all sectors of life, including medicine, engineering, aeronautics, and business. Higher female education is given priority across all cultures, contrary to the traditional norms that focus on male education only. Females are gaining financial independence and are encouraged by families. Early marriages have significantly reduced as the focus is shifted to education, employment, and freedom.

Multi-culturalist Pakistan is the new Pakistan. The array of cultures, traditions, and the way they have evolved along the ages is simply beautiful. Exposure to copious cultures is an essential tool for personal growth. It is what defines Pakistan.

Culture is the arts elevated to a set of beliefs. ~Thomas Wolfe

References:

Library Guides

Culture Trip

Cultural Atlas

Also Read: COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS: THE GORILLAS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

Maira Masood is a BS Biosciences student at NUST, Pakistan. She aspires to be a geneticist and wants to play an active part in spreading scientific awareness through writings. 

• anthropology

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Pakistani Culture

Core concepts.

• Honour ( Izzat )
• Adaptability
• Interdependance
• Relationships ( Wasta )

Pakistan is a multi-ethnic country located on the western border of India and the eastern borders of Iran and Afghanistan. The land the country occupies has a rich history of conquest and migration, which has contributed to Pakistan’s diversity. As such, norms and values vary significantly across the country, and the regions and provinces are quite distinguished from one another. The vast spectrum of ethnic and religious diversity presents certain difficulties when trying to identify consistent practices, beliefs and values. Currently, the country can best be described as a cultural mosaic, where conservatism and traditionalism reside side by side with secularism and liberalism.

National Identity and Changes

Though the country is commonly characterised on the global stage as part of ‘the Middle East’, Pakistanis tend to consider themselves more South Asian. The national identity of Pakistan is heavily influenced by its recent modern history. It only became a nation in 1947 when it gained independence from British rule and separated from India (known as Partition). The formation of the country bore with it an idea of what Pakistani society should look like and embody, enticing millions of people to immigrate from India. Since then, there have been constant negotiations of space and identity, leading to changes such as the secession of East Pakistan as Bangladesh.

Even with its sovereign borders now relatively concrete, significant upheavals have continued to occur in Pakistan. Its geographical position has subjected the country to the consequences of surrounding conflicts, and the political climate has been known to shift depending on changes in direct power. For example, the secular leanings or authoritarian nature of national leaders have significantly affected the social atmosphere. Contemporary world events have also exacerbated differences between some of the diverse lifestyles and cultures that have previously co-existed harmoniously. In turn, Pakistan has become troubled by inter-religious tensions, ethnic conflicts and terrorism.

As a result, Pakistan has an ever-evolving culture and its people have had to be flexible; the past century has been unstable and involved constant compromise on their behalf. Today, the country also has an exceedingly young age structure that may present difficulties in the future. According to the CIA World Factbook, as of 2016, it is estimated 53.3% of the population is under 25. Drastic demographic shifts and turbulent politics have meant that the social security afforded to the average Pakistani citizen is minimal. Instead, adaptability, resilience and self-reliance have become important qualities.

Interdependence and Wasta

Pakistan has a collectivist culture in the sense that people are deeply interdependent and loyal to those who are in their inner circle. Social connections are essential to daily life, as citizens have often had to rely on themselves instead of their government for support and opportunities. Relationships play an important role in completing professional, personal and social tasks. This is understood through the concept of ‘ wasta ’ – relationship forming. Wasta can be observed when, for example, people turn to a close friend or relative for help, instead of a government institution. This kind of social support network is crucial and gives many Pakistanis a very strong sense of community.

One sees the strength of this support network most visibly within families. The loyalty shown to these relationships is often extremely strong. For instance, individuals may place their family’s interests over their own, even if they conflict. Furthermore, relatives often expect to receive preferential treatment. In return for this loyalty, an individual gains a sense of belonging, protection and unity.

People tend to identify with their family before any other social indicator. Following that, those who are very urbanised generally tend to consider themselves predominantly ‘Pakistani’. However, many other people (particularly those in rural areas) also feel a heightened affiliation to their ethnicity . This pride and identification to their heritage can surpass that of their national loyalty.

Ethnicities

The land that Pakistan occupies has hosted many vast civilisations dating back to the Neolithic and Bronze Age of the Indus Valley Civilisation. A variety of ethnic cultures have arisen from this rich history, with identities and values specific to them.

The Punjabis are the largest ethnicity in Pakistan and are generally the most dominant and influential people in the bureaucracy and armed forces. The province of Punjab is Pakistan’s most prosperous and populated. It has been the recipient of extensive government funding and is equipped with many high-quality public services that attract thousands of Pakistanis from all over the country. As past and current governments have shown a preference towards economic, educational and agricultural development in the province of Punjab, Punjabis are often considered to be the privileged ethnicity in Pakistan. Pakistanis of other ethnicities can also hold resentment regarding the prevalence of Punjabis in government and positions of power.

Punjab has been subject to numerous invasions and migrations of people from many different cultures, including the Greeks, Arabs, Persians, Mongols and the British. This has influenced the general Punjabi culture to be open and adaptable to external influence. Punjabis themselves are generally recognised as being flexible people, quite vibrant and unreserved. Punjabi culture has also been greatly influenced by Sufism. This is most apparent through the many shrines, literature and festivals in their honour throughout the province.

The north and South of Punjab are quite distinct from each other. While North Punjab is highly urbanised, South Punjab is mostly rural and organised in a feudal way, with Seraiki as a widely spoken language. Social distinctions throughout Punjab are mostly based around people’s occupations.

Pakhtuns (or Pathans)

Originating from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in the northwest of Pakistan, Pakhtuns have gained a reputation as ‘hard worn’ people who have survived in rough topography and severe climates. Today, many are highly urbanised and have become known for their trading and business skills in all manner of professions. Those who remain in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa have generally retained a strong tribalism and collectivistic social organisation. They share many characteristics with neighbouring Afghans and often have distinctly Central Asian origins and features (resembling the Uzbeks, Tajiks and Turks). Pashto is the most widely spoken language. See Ethnicity and Tribes in the Afghan profile for more explanation of Pashtun (Pakhtun) ethnic social organisation.

Pakhtuns are distinctly recognised for their generosity and work ethic. As hospitality is a core Pakhtun value, they have been known to go to great lengths to please guests of any ethnic or cultural background, and without any expectation of remuneration or favour. They are generally extremely hard working and often exhibit a courageous attitude and honest nature. This often comes through in their business negotiations and deals.

Sindhis originate from the southern province of Sindh. Sindh has an ancient culture dating back to the 7,000-year-old Indus Valley Civilisation. It is highly influenced by Sufi doctrine and principles taught by cultural icons and saints of the region. Interior Sindh is distinct from urban areas like Karachi and Hyderabad as it is still largely under the control of a feudal system of land ownership and organisation.

Sindhis are generally soft-spoken people. The Sindhi language and culture is characterised by folkloric traditions predominant in rural towns. In Sindh, folk singers and women play a vital role in spreading folklore through musical instruments even older than the South Asian sitaar. The preservation of these tales and instruments is of vital importance to Sindhis, and many have been featured in modern musical renditions. Many Sindhis tend to move to urban areas such as Karachi as businessmen and for public service jobs. Here, they face tough competition from better-educated and urbanised Pakistanis. Nevertheless, they often excel as salesmen, and their traditional arts and crafts are valued throughout Pakistan.

Following Partition, around 8 million people arrived in Pakistan. The number was equivalent to roughly a quarter of the country’s (then) population immigrating in a short span of time. These people were generally Muslims leaving India to join the newly formed country. While they came from many different ethnicities, the diverse group of people and their descendants are referred to under the centralised term ‘ Muhajir ’ – an Arabic word that translates to “immigrant”. Those who settled in the Pakistani province of Punjab generally originate from the Indian regions of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Delhi. Those who settled in the Pakistani Province of Sindh generally originate from Bombay (Mumbai), Berar, the United Provinces, Hyderabad, Baroda, Kutch and Rajputana Agency.

Muhajirs mainly speak Urdu and live in the cities or urban areas. They do not appear to have maintained much affiliation with their original ancestry, and they tend to be more concerned with their local community than their ethnic roots. However, Muhajirs do reflect the influence of their Indian background. For example, they may communicate more directly and are generally quite business-minded.

Balochis (or Baluchis)

The Balochi people are the indigenous people of Balochistan, which is split over both Pakistan and Iran. Both these nations have a province named ‘Balochistan’ that most Balochis live in, although many others are dispersed throughout Sindh, Afghanistan and other regions. Balochistan is the biggest province of Pakistan but also the most remote and least densely populated. It is characterised by vast areas of desert-like mountainous terrain. This geographical isolation has generally led to the Balochis being secluded from outside influence, meaning they have retained quite a distinct cultural identity.

Minority Rights Group International has reported that the socioeconomic conditions of the Balochistan province are “abysmal” in comparison to the rest of Pakistan, with over 50% of Balochis living below the poverty line. Due to the difficulties in finding a consistent source of water and food, many Balochis survive as nomads travelling throughout the province. It is believed roughly 3% of Pakistanis are Balochi, although some Balochi nationalists contend that government policies have deliberately underestimated their numbers.

Balochis are predominantly Sunni Muslims; however, there is a substantial regional contingency of Shi'a Balochis. The ethnic group is not culturally homogenous. There are many different clans and tribes that are traditionally organized, led by chiefs. Customs and traditions align with tribal law.

Honour (Izzat)

Among the rich ethno-linguistic diversity of the country, there are overarching values common to all Pakistanis. For example, much behaviour is noticeably influenced by people’s perceptions of pride, honour and shame. The concept of honour (known as ‘ izzat ’ in Hindi-Urdu) is deeply embedded in Pakistani culture. A person’s honour, or izzat, is affected by their personal actions as well as the behaviour of those they are associated with (i.e. their family, community or any group they belong to). Therefore, if an individual does something dishonourable, their origins (i.e. family, region or ethnicity ) may be implicated as the cause. In this way, there is a cultural pressure for individuals to protect their personal reputation and the image of those around them. This may require people to give a public impression of dignity and integrity by stressing their positive qualities, emphasising their family member’s achievements and adhering to social expectations.

Doing something embarrassing, socially inappropriate or indecent can bring serious shame (‘ sharam ’) upon a person. Perceptions of dishonour, and the social ostracising that can follow, is known to have very real effects on people’s future opportunities and circumstances. To prevent such indignity in Pakistan, criticism is rarely given directly and praise is often generously offered. If faced with criticism, Pakistanis are likely to deny any fault in order to avoid dishonour. It is common for people to deflect blame to someone/thing else entirely in order to protect their honour. Generally, people will only openly concede to error and take accountability when the other person is older than them, doing so out of respect.

It is worth noting that the expectations regarding what is ‘honourable’ and ‘shameful’ can vary significantly between different ethnicities, family backgrounds and social attitudes. For example, the younger Pakistani generation generally do not feel the need to stringently apply the honour code and will often hide certain ‘shameful’ actions they consider reasonable from the older generations who might be deeply offended by such behaviours. In this way, it can be seen that some people may not be personally ashamed of what they are doing, but more concerned that shame from society will affect their personal self-worth. This is often the case for younger Pakistanis acculturating to Australia who adopt aspects of Australian culture that their parents and parent’s friends may strongly disapprove of.

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Member Highlights

AIPS Members Elena Bashir and John Mock recently contributed to the book Languages of Northern Pakistan: Essays in Memory of Carla Radloff. The book is a collection of writing that covers research on the many languages and cultures in the northern areas of Pakistan and is dedicated to the memory of Carla Radloff, who was a well-known contributor to the study of languages in Northern Pakistan. The book is now available as an E-Book through Oxford University Press.

Sadaf Sajjad received a Teaching Excellence Award: The Piper Professor Nominee Award. Dr. Sadaf Sajjad, a Provost Fellow in Psychology, was granted this statewide award that recognizes outstanding full-time faculty in the teaching profession. Higher education institutions must be invited to submit a nominee and only ten professors are selected to receive this award each year. Congratulations!

Hasan Hameed, a participant in the most recent AIPS Emerging Scholars Symposium in 2022, recently published an article in Modern Intellectual History titled 'Arguing Pakistan in Late Colonial India.'  The article explores the ideas of Shabbir Ahmad Usmani and argues that Usmani viewed Pakistan as a particular kind of Islamic democracy.

Dr. Kamran Asdar Ali, Co-Editor-in-Chief of Critical Pakistan Studies, was recently featured in a video where he presented his aspirations for Critical Pakistan Studies to be a high-standard, first-rate, and top-tier interdisciplinary source of information on Pakistan. Critical Pakistan Studies is a new open-access journal published with the support of Cambridge University Press that tackles broader interdisciplinary issues in addition to Pakistan and Pakistanis.

AIPS member Dr. Anita Weiss is quoted in this article by Time magazine titled " Pakistan’s Elections Are Being Brazenly Rigged. Why Doesn’t the U.S. Seem to Care? " The article explores the current political situation in Pakistan and attempts to understand the U.S's response.

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Pakistan is a progressing country where the arts, culture and other forms of expression are fast taking root in a globalizing world. Along with traditional forms of music, dance and art that have been around and practiced for generations, Pakistan is an exciting place to see new inroads in the multi media. Since 9-11, with the reverse brain drain, Pakistan has become a place where Pakistanis (and others!) are making space for themselves and their ideas. The ideas are a mix of the old and the new taking into account how small the world has become and the role Pakistan must play in this socio-economic-political world.

There is also a significant diaspora population around the world whom Pakistan caters to and with that in mind we have radio, TV, film and internet services to keep one connected to 'home'.

Cultural Heritage and History

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The Colorful Corridor of Pakistan and its Culture

Culture defines a nation’s society. Not only does it contextualize the multiple perspectives contained within that nation, but it also influences how people live, behave, engage, and communicate with others. As such, studying a nation’s culture will provide you with the framework you need to make the most of your travels there. It’s also a great opportunity to broaden your horizons by exploring cultural traits unfamiliar or foreign to you. 

While exploring the cultural background of Pakistan , you’ll find its society to be a montage of various cultural and ethnic values of different provinces. Its unique sociopolitical, gastronomic, cultural, historical, and artistic identities are certainly a sight to behold! 

In this Pakistani culture introduction, you’ll gain a wealth of information regarding Pakistan and its culture. We will cover a range of topics, from the political culture of Pakistan to its most popular foods and customs.

Let’s get started.

• Values and Beliefs
• Philosophies and Religions
• Family and Work
• Art and Sports
• Traditional Holidays

1. Values and Beliefs

While Pakistan is not a ‘melting pot’ nation, it does feature numerous provinces and sub-regional cultures with their own sets of traditions. This creates a kaleidoscope of customs that reflects our unity in diversity. Let’s take a look at how this ‘kaleidoscope’ applies to the values and beliefs held throughout Pakistan. 

A- The Cultural Kaleidoscope of Pakistan

What comes to mind when you think of the ‘typical’ Pakistani? A man wearing a شلوار، قمیض، شیروانی ( shalwar , qameez , sherwani ) and speaking the Urdu language? If so, you’re not necessarily wrong. But to really understand Pakistani culture and society, you must dig deeper. There is a lot of diversity to be discovered!

In Pakistan, each province contributes to enriching our cultural kaleidoscope without compromising its own unique indigenous identity. To give you a clearer picture of what this Pakistani cultural diversity looks like, let’s have a brief look at life in the different cultural regions throughout the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.

Population-wise, پنجاب ( Punjab ) is Pakistan’s largest province. The language spoken here is Punjabi. It is customary for the men of Punjab to wear shalwar and qameez , though you can also find a large number of men wearing pants and a shirt in the metropolitan areas. Women wear شلوار، قمیض، دوپٹہ ( shalwar , qameez , dupatta ). Traditional men still cover their heads with a پگڑی ( pagri ), or turban.

Sindh is another provincial unit of Pakistan with its own unique history, culture, and language. The language spoken here is Sindhi. In addition to the شلوار قمیض ( shalwar, qameez ) mentioned earlier, men of Sindh also wear a سندھی ٹوپی ( Sindhi topi ), or Sindhi cap, or a shawl called اجرک ( ajrak ). Like Punjabi women, Sindhi women also tend to wear شلوار، قمیض، دوپٹہ ( shalwar, qameez, dupatta ).

Balochistan

Territorially, Balochistan is the largest province of Pakistan. Due to its remoteness, it is quite orthodox and more traditional in its cultural approach. People in this region live in tribes, and the province’s indigenous language is Balochi. Men wear شلوار، قمیض، بلوچی پگڑی ( shalwar , qameez , Balochi pagri ), while women wear a headscarf, a long upper dress, and a shalwar . 

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan, and it parallels the traditionalist and orthodox approach of Balochistan. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa also features a tribal system in which people prefer living in tribes and clans. Men wear شلوار، قمیض، پختون پگڑی ( shalwar , qameez , Pakhtoon pagri ) and women wear فراک پرتوگ ( firaq partug ), which is a Pashtun type of shalwar and qameez .

B- Motto & Slogan

Even though there is much diversity in the ways of living of these major provincial units, Pakistanis are bound together with a common motto and slogan. 

ایمان، اتحاد، تنظیم ( Iman , Ittihad , Tanzeem ) – Faith, Unity, Discipline

ایمان، اتحاد، تنظیم ( Iman , Ittihad , Tanzeem ) translates to “Faith, Unity, Discipline.” This motto has become the unifying force among Pakistanis. It was put forward by the nation’s founder, Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, whom Pakistanis revere as the father of the nation.

پاکستان زندہ باد ( Pakistan Zindabad )

The national slogan of Pakistan is پاکستان زندہ باد ( Pakistan Zindabad ), meaning “Long Live Pakistan.” It is customary to raise this slogan at all national festivities to ensure patriotism and strengthen the nation’s unity.

2. Philosophies and Religions

Pakistani culture and traditions are largely influenced by our dominant religions and philosophical ideals. In this section, we’ll discuss the most important information regarding the topics of philosophy and religion in Pakistan. 

اسلامی جمہوریہ پاکستان ( Islami Jamhooria Pakistan ) – The Islamic Republic of Pakistan

Pakistan is an ideological country that attained independence in the name of Islam. Therefore, the country is named after the Islamic religion: اسلامی جمہوریہ پاکستان (Islami Jamhooriya Pakistan).

دو قومی نظریہ ( Do Qaumi Nazria ) – Two-Nations Theory

At the time of the decolonization of the subcontinent in 1947, Pakistan was encouraged to remain a part of the united sub-continent. However, Pakistanis had already defined their national philosophy in the form of the دو قومی نظریہ ( do qomi nazriya ), or “two-nations theory.” 

This theory states that Muslims are part of a separate nation from the Hindus. Further, it states that Muslims have a different religion, culture, and language from the Hindus, as well as distinct ways of worshipping and living. 

The two-nation theory was postulated and popularized by the father of the Pakistani nation, Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah.

An Ideal Islamic State/Sovereignty of Islam

Since Pakistan was founded on the ideology of Islam, it seeks guidance from the two Islamic sources: the Holy Quran and Hadith. The National Assembly of Pakistan passed the current Constitution of Pakistan on April 10, 1973. The constitution also seeks guidance from the Holy Quran and Hadith, and never contradicts them.

Freedom of Religion for Minorities

Despite being an Islamic state, Pakistan allows minorities to exercise full religious freedom in light of The Constitution of Pakistan. You will also see an inter-religious harmony in Pakistani society, refuting the narratives of fundamentalism.

3. Family and Work

Like in any country, family and work are two integral aspects of daily life in Pakistan. The institution of family, in particular, is a cementing force in Pakistani society. Let’s take a closer look.

A- The Joint Family System

In Pakistani culture, family life is largely centered on the joint family system. According to this system, several generations of a family live together under the same roof, with one person heading the household. While you may also find nuclear families in Pakistan, they are uncustomary and few in number. Nuclear families tend to be more popular in urban areas than in the countryside.

B- Friendship and Unmarried Couples

Because Pakistan is an Islamic country, you will not find opposite-sex friendships here. It is also illegal to move in with someone as a couple or friend if you’re not married to that person.

C- Government vs. Private Sector

Whether it’s a remnant from the Colonial era or due to some other reason, Pakistani people prefer to enter the civil services rather than the private sector in their work. In general, they associate civil services with the sense of security government jobs offer.

D- Work Ethics 

In Pakistan, you’ll find that most places have gender segregation. For this reason, there are separate work ethic expectations and protocols for both genders. For example, male employees may be asked to spend extra time at the office while a female employee would not face this situation.

4. Art and Sports

Art is part and parcel of any culture. As such, you would be hard-pressed to find a culture that doesn’t preserve its indigenous arts! Pakistani culture features a rich artistic history, and the country also has a strong presence in the sports world. Take a look.

A- Legacy of Mughal Art

Originating in the sixteenth century, the Mughal dynasty of the Muslim rulers contributed greatly to the cultural art of the sub-continent. After partition from India, Pakistan received a large heritage of Mughal art in different domains. The Mughals encouraged generous patronage to different art forms like music, architecture, painting, and calligraphy.

B- Pakistani Music, Dramas, and Movies

After gaining its independence in 1947, Pakistan made great progress in its film, music, and TV industries. The dramas telecasted by the national TV channel of Pakistan (PTV) were widely popular among the neighboring countries because of their strong scripts and high standards of acting. The Pakistani film industry, named Lollywood, has gone through different boom and bane periods and is now struggling to once again raise its standard.

Classical and semi-classical are the most-praised forms of Pakistani music. Pakistan has produced many great names in these genres, including Ustad Mehdi Hasan Khan, Ustad Ghulam Ali Khan, and Madam Noor Jehan.

C- Calligraphy and Painting

Contemporary Pakistani artists have benefited from the legacy left behind by Mughal calligraphy and paintings, and have taken this legacy to the pinnacle of their careers. In the fields of calligraphy and painting, we must mention two names who greatly contributed to these fine arts: Sadequain and Chughtai. 

D- Pakistani Literature 

Pakistani culture finds its due representation in the domain of Pakistani literature . Pakistan has produced many poets, novelists, and dramatists of worldwide merit. To give you an idea of the most prominent names:

• Faiz Ahmad Faiz
• Ahmad Faraz
• Muneer Niazi

Short Story Writers

• Saadat Hasan Manto
• Ghulam Abbas
• Abdullah Hussain
• Mumtaz Mufti
• Quratul-ain-Haider

Pakistani Literature Written in English

• Taufiq Raffat
• Mohsin Hamid
• Kamila Shamsi

Be sure to check out our vocabulary list for Talking About Books in Urdu to learn some useful vocabulary! 

Pakistanis are a sports-loving people. The average Pakistani is well-built, muscular, and loves physical activities. Hockey is the national sport of Pakistan; nevertheless, cricket is the most popular. Pakistan won the Cricket World Cup in 1992. کبڈی ( kabaddi ) and کشتی ( kushti ) are two other indigenous sports of Pakistan, both of them well-loved and often-played throughout the country. 

Pakistan can be described as a foodie nation. In Pakistani culture, food is considered one of life’s pleasures, and Pakistanis enjoy eating a good meal and arranging food-related festivities. Pakistani cuisine has a long list of specialties! Because we can’t list all of the delicacies here, we’ll just introduce you to the most popular ones. 

چکن/مٹن کڑاہی (Chicken/Mutton Karrahi)

To make this dish, the meat is fried right in front of the customer. Tomatoes, onions, ginger, chilis, and lemon are then added, in addition to a variety of spices including: coriander, pepper powder, cumin seeds, and red button chilis.

نهاری (Nihari)

The main ingredients in Nihari are meat, onion, ginger-garlic paste, chili paste, yogurt, and wheat flour. Coriander, cumin, cinnamon, salt, and cardamom give it a special aroma. Lemon and ginger make the best garnishes for this dish.

بریانی (Biryani)

Filled with the aroma of Pakistani Basmati rice, this dish is one of the most popular Desi main courses. To make this dish, rice is boiled in water and then combined with meat and cooked with the following ingredients: green chili paste, ginger-garlic paste, coriander, cumin, yogurt, black pepper, and bay leaf.

حلیم (Haleem)

The meat is cooked while mixing grains and lentils in with it. Spices like cumin, coriander, cardamom, and cinnamon are added later to add flavor and aroma.

چپلی کباب (Chapli Kabab)

This dish consists of minced mutton or beef (with a reasonable amount of fat in it) that is deep-fried in boiling oil. Other ingredients include onion, ginger, garlic, tomato, coriander, and chilis.

6. Traditional Holidays

While visiting Pakistan, you’ll notice that Pakistanis celebrate many holidays of religious significance. However, there are also a few holidays that are more secular in nature. Let’s take a look.

یومِ آزادی ( Youm-e-Azadi ) – Independence Day

August 14 is a national holiday to commemorate the Independence Day of Pakistan. The country received its independence on August 14, 1947.عیدین ( Eidain )

Pakistanis celebrate three عیدین ( Eidain ), or Eids, at different times of the year.

عیدالفطر ( Eid-ul-fitr ) is celebrated after the completion of the holy month of Ramadan on the first day of the Islamic month Shawwal. عیدالاضحٰی ( Eid-ul-azha ) is celebrated on the tenth of Zilhaj. Pakistanis normally get three days of holiday for both of these Eids.  The final Eid celebrates the birthday of the Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him). This is a public holiday celebrated on the twelfth of the holy month of Rabi-ul-awwal. It’s called عید میلاد النبی ( Eid Milad-ul-nabi ).

Ashur is a public holiday celebrated on the tenth of the Islamic month of Moharam to commemorate the martyrdom of Hazrat Imam Hussain, the grandson of the Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him).

یومِ یکجہتئ کشمیر ( Youm-e-Yakjehti E Kashmir ) – Kashmir Solidarity Day

Every year on February 5, Pakistanis observe this public holiday to exhibit solidarity with the Indian-occupied Kashmiris and to help them achieve their right of self-determination.

یومِ مزدور ( Youm-e-mazdoor ) – Labor Day

On May 1, all public and private offices and institutions remain closed.

یومِ پاکستان ( Youm-e-Pakistan ) – Pakistan Day

March 23 is a national holiday to commemorate the historic achievement of the Muslims of the sub-continent on this particular date in 1940. The Muslims of the sub-continent passed the Resolution of Pakistan on this date at the historical Minto Park Lahore.  

7. Conclusion

In this guide to Pakistani culture, you’ve learned a lot of practical information that you can start applying to your language studies or travel plans right away. Did we forget to bring up any particular detail about Pakistan? If you have any questions, feel free to ask us in the comments; we’ll get back to you as soon as possible! 

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Essay on Culture of Pakistan In Urdu

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پاکستانی کلچر پر ایک مضمون

پاکستان اسلامی جمہوریہ کے نام سے جانا جاتا ہے۔ پاکستان ایک ایسی قوم ہے جو جنوبی ایشیاء میں واقع ہے۔ اس قوم کے متعدد نسلی گروہ اور ثقافتیں موجود ہیں جیسے پنجابی ، کشمیری ، مہاجر ، پشتون ، شنکی ، اور کچھ دیگر کمیونٹیز جو پورے ملک میں پھیلی ہوئی ہیں۔ ان ثقافتوں کو چھوڑ کر یہ گروہ ایک نئی ثقافت کی شکل میں سامنے آئی ہے جو پڑوسی ممالک اور ان کی ثقافتوں سے بہت زیادہ متاثر ہوئے ہیں۔ پاکستان کی ثقافت جنوبی ایشیاء کی دوسری اقوام سے بھی منفرد ہے۔

پاکستان کی زبانیں

پاکستان ملک کی آبادی 60 سے زیادہ زبانیں بولتی ہے اور ان سب میں اردو کو قومی زبان بنایا گیا ہے جس کو بولنے والوں کا ایک بہت بڑا طبقہ ہے۔ اردو قومی زبان ہونے کے علاوہ مسلمانوں کی زبان بھی ہے۔ ملک میں اردو بنیادی زبان ہونے کے باوجود بھی آبادی کا صرف ٪8 طبقہ ہی اسے بنیادی زبان کے طور پر استعمال کرتا ہے۔ دوسری سرکاری زبان انگریزی ہے جو حکومت اور قانونی امور کے لئے استعمال کی جاتی ہے۔ بیشتر حصے میں عوام انگریزی کی ایک خاص تغیر کا استعمال کرتی ہے جسے پاکستانی انگریزی کہا جاتا ہے۔ ان دونوں زبانوں کے علاوہ عربی کو اسلام کی تعلیم میں ایک اہم زبان کا درجہ عطا کیا گیا ہے۔

ان کے علاوہ پاکستان کی سب سے عام زبان پنجابی زبان ہے۔ آبادی کا ٪ 44.15 حصہ اس زبان کا استعمال کرتا ہے اور یہ زبان زیادہ تر پنجاب کے آس پاس کے علاقوں میں استعمال کی جاتی ہے۔ دوسری زبانوں میں سندھی شامل ہے جو زیادہ تر سندھ میں بولی جاتی ہے۔ سرائیکی زبان جو زیادہ تر ہندوستان کے جنوبی پنجاب اور زیادہ تر خطوں میں بولی جاتی ہے۔ نیز اس میں دوسری زبانیں بھی شامل ہیں۔ قوم کے پانچوں صوبوں میں سے ہر ایک میں ایک صوبائی زبان موجود ہے جسے قومی قانون نے تسلیم نہیں کیا۔

پاکستان کا کھانا

ایشیاء کے بیشتر ممالک کی طرح پاکستان میں بھی کھانا اس کے پڑوسیوں سے متاثر ہوتا ہے۔ پاکستان کے معاملے میں بیرونی اثر و رسوخ عام طور پر افغانستان اور مشرق وسطی سے ہے۔ ملک کے مختلف خطوں میں کھانا پکانے کے انداز اور تکنیک میں کافی فرق ہوتا ہے۔ مثال کے طور پر صوبہ سندھ اور پنجاب اپنے مسالہ دار کھانوں کے لئے جانا جاتا ہے جو ہندوستانی کھانے سے کافی ملتا جلتا ہوتا ہے۔ اس کے برعکس شمالی و مغربی صوبوں جیسے آزاد جموں و کشمیر اور خیبر پختون میں ایسا کھانا تیار کیا جاتا ہے جو ہلکا اور کم مسالے دار ہوتا ہے جو وسطی ایشیاء کے باورچی خانے سے متعلق طرز کے جیسا ہے۔ پاکستانی کھانے میں بریانی ، ابلا ہوا چاول ، اور کباب سب سے زیادہ پسند کیے جاتے ہیں۔ مقامی کھانوں کے علاوہ بین الاقوامی طرز نے بھی قوم کو متاثر کیا ہے۔ در حقیقت فیوژن فوڈ ایک عام رواج ہے خاص طور پر ملک کے شہری علاقوں میں۔ فیوژن فوڈ کی ایک مثال پاکستانی چینی کھانا ہے۔

شعر و شاعری

پاکستان میں انگریزی شاعری ، بلوچی شاعری ، اور پشتو شاعری جیسے مختلف زمروں میں درجہ بند نظموں کا بھرپور ذخیرہ ہے۔ صوفی شاعری کا ایک اور زمرہ ملک میں مضبوطی سے جڑ گیا ہے۔ چونکہ اس خطے کو پرانے ادوار میں فارسی حکمرانوں کی زبردست پذیرائی حاصل تھی لہذا یہاں کی فارسی شاعری کافی مشہور ہے۔ شاعری صرف قومی سطح پر ہی نہیں بلکہ صوبائی سطح پر بھی کی جاتی ہے۔ چونکہ 1947 میں آزادی کے بعد اردو قومی زبان بن گئی تھی اور اب زیادہ تر نظمیں اردو میں ہی لکھی جاتی تھیں۔ اردو میں نظمیں لکھنے والے کچھ مشہور شاعروں میں احمد فراز ، احمد ندیم قاسمی ، اور فیض احمد فیض کے نام اہم ہیں۔

پاکستان میں بہت ساری تقریبات وقتاً فوقتاً عمل میں آتی رہتی ہیں۔ مسلمان آبادی والے کسی بھی دوسرے ملک کی طرح پاکستان بھی رمضان المبارک کا مقدس مہینہ مناتا ہے اور اس مہینے کے دوران تمام مسلمان صبح سے شام تک روزے رکھتے ہیں اور زیادہ کثرت سے مساجد میں شریک ہوتے ہیں۔ اس کے علاوہ رمضان المبارک کے مقدس مہینے کے موقع پر عید الفطر اور عید الاضحی جیسے تہوار بھی مناۓ جاتے ہیں۔

مذہبی تقریبات کے علاوہ قوم ہر 14 اگست کو یوم آزادی کے موقع پر جشن مناتی ہے جب پاکستان نے برطانوی ہندوستان سے آزادی حاصل کی تھی۔ اس خصوصی دن کے موقع پر ملک بھر میں کئی مساجد میں لوگ قومی نماز کے لئے جمع ہوتے ہیں۔ صبح آزادی کی جنگ میں اپنی جانوں سے ہاتھ دھو بیٹھنے والوں کو 21 توپوں کی سلامی کے ذریعے یاد کیا جاتا ہے۔ دیگر پروگراموں میں قومی ترانہ گایا جاتا ہے اور شہروں اور عمارتوں کو سجایا جاتا ہے۔

تفریح ​​اور کھیل

فیلڈ ہاکی پاکستان کا باضابطہ طور پر تسلیم شدہ کھیل ہے حالانکہ اسکواش اور کرکٹ زیادہ مقبول ہیں۔ قومی فیلڈ ہاکی ٹیم کو ہاکی ورلڈ کپ میں کچھ کامیابی ملی ہے کیوں کہ اس نے چار بار ٹرافی اپنے نام کی ہے۔ قومی کرکٹ ٹیم نے 1992 کا کرکٹ ورلڈ کپ جیتا ہے اور اس کے بعد 1999 میں رنر اپ کارکردگی کا مظاہرہ کیا تھا۔ قوم 1987 اور 1996 کے کرکٹ ورلڈ کپ کے میزبان بھی کھیل چکی ہے۔ کرکٹ ٹیم نے دیگر تعریفیں جیسا کہ 2009 کے آئی سی سی ورلڈ ٹی ٹوئنٹی، ایشیا کپ ، اور آئی سی سی چیمپئنز ٹرافی 2017 میں جیتا ہے۔

بین الاقوامی سطح پر قوم نے سمر اولمپکس میں کھیلوں میں حصہ لیا ہے جن میں فیلڈ ہاکی ، ایتھلیٹکس ، شوٹنگ ، باکسنگ ، اور تیراکی شامل ہیں۔ ہاکی وہ کھیل ہے جس میں پاکستانیوں نے سب سے زیادہ کامیابی 1960 ، 1968 ، اور 1984 میں تین طلائی تمغے جیتنے کے بعد حاصل کی تھی۔ 2005 میں اس کے آغاز کے بعد سے گراں پری ریسنگ نے بھی کچھ مقبولیت حاصل کی۔ ایک اور کھیل جو عروج پر ہے وہ فٹ بال۔

پاکستان کو بین الاقوامی سطح پر دستکاری میں بڑا امتیاز حاصل ہے۔ چنیوٹ کا لکڑی کا فرنیچر ، سیالکوٹ کا کھیلوں کا سامان اور ملتان اور حیدرآباد کی کڑھائی دنیا بھر میں مشہور ہے۔

پاکستانی موسیقی کی مختلف اقسام کی نمائندگی ہوتی ہے۔ اس میں قوالی اور غزل جیسے روایتی انداز کی زیادہ جدید شکلیں ہیں جو روایتی پاکستانی موسیقی کو مغربی موسیقی کے ساتھ ملا دیتے ہیں۔

پاکستان میں ثقافتوں ، لوگوں اور زمین کی تزئین کی آمیزش کی وجہ سے سیاحت کی صنعت بڑھ رہی ہے۔ موہنجوداڑو ، ہڑپہ اور ٹیکسلا کی قدیم تہذیبی کھنڈرات ، مراریی کے پہاڑی اسٹیشنوں تک ، اور شوگنان اور سری پای کی پیدل سفر والی پٹریوں ، ہر ایک کے پاس ہر طرح کے مسافر کو کچھ پیش کش ہے۔ پاکستان کے شمالی حصوں میں بہت سے پرانے قلعے اور برج ہیں۔ یہاں کے لوگوں کے ساتھ گلگت ، ہنزہ اور چترال کی وادیاں خاص طور پر خوبصورت مقامات ہیں۔

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Pakistan's political culture: essays in historical and social origins.

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1. History: Fetters of Time 2. Land: Shades of Feudalism 3. Faith: Legacy Disowned 4. Mind: Apathy Triumphant

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As Misery Multiplies, Pakistanis Rise Up Against the Ruling Elite

Unrest over a range of economic and security issues threatens to deepen the political turmoil that has plagued Pakistan for years.

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By Christina Goldbaum and Salman Masood

Christina Goldbaum reported from London, and Salman Masood from Islamabad, Pakistan.

In almost every corner of Pakistan, anger at the ruling elite is nearing a boiling point.

Thousands have protested soaring electricity bills just outside the capital, Islamabad. In a major port city in the southwest, dozens have clashed with security officers over what they described as forced disappearances of activists. In the northwest, protesters have admonished the country’s generals for a recent surge in terrorist attacks.

The demonstrations over the past few weeks reflect frustration with Pakistan’s shaky, five-month-old government and with its military, the country’s ultimate authority. The unrest threatens to plunge Pakistan back into the depths of political turmoil that has flared in recent years and that many had hoped would subside after the February general election.

Pakistan’s leaders are confronted with a monsoon of problems. The economy is suffering its worst crisis in decades . Anger at an election widely viewed as manipulated by the military remains palpable. Militant violence has roared back after the Taliban’s return to power in neighboring Afghanistan. And Pakistani politics are more polarized than ever, with the country’s most popular political figure sitting in jail after a bitter rift with the military.

The administration of the current prime minister, Shehbaz Sharif, has struggled to establish its legitimacy and has been criticized as little more than a front for the military.

Since Mr. Sharif first came into office in 2022, Pakistan’s generals have wielded an increasingly heavy hand to quash dissent. A national firewall has been installed to censor internet content, the social media platform X has been blocked, security forces have arrested political opponents in droves, and generals have been installed in key positions in the civilian government.

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My wife isn't 'just' a stepmom to my son. He sees her as his other mom.

• My wife has been in my son's life since he was 6 years old.
• She has taken on a parental role, stepping in whenever I need extra help.
• Even though she's his stepmom, my son considers her his other mom.

After Vice President Kamala Harris announced she was running for president, one criticism lobbed against her was that she is not a parent because she has never given birth to children. But she is the stepmother to her husband Doug Emhoff's two children.

Like Harris, my wife is a stepmother to my son.

I am no longer in a relationship with his father and have been in a new relationship for four years. My wife came into my son's life when he was 6 years old and quickly stepped into a parental role. It was a role she enthusiastically took on.

Although she didn't give birth to my son, my wife is absolutely his second mother.

My son and wife's relationship started friendly

My wife didn't immediately take an authoritative role or force him to treat her like a parent. At first, she was more like a grown-up friend — someone he knew he needed to respect, but someone who would take him on drives to get ice cream or let him pretend to drive her car while I was inside the grocery store.

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I was worried about parenting with another person all the time. As the primary parent, I wasn't used to dividing parenting duties . My wife was aware of that and always deferred to me as the primary parent.

But the bond between my son and my wife was instant. He had never met someone I was dating before, but he liked her immediately.

My wife has taken on more responsibility as a stepmom

Over the last four years, she's taken on more parental responsibility but never tried to act like she was more of a parent than myself or my son's father. She is a bonus mom, someone there to kiss him goodnight , help him with his homework, and love him unconditionally.

During the pandemic, my wife volunteered to take the lead in helping my son with virtual school so I could focus on work. She created a schedule for him, made him lunch, and ensured he kept up with assignments. When the playgrounds opened, she would take him to play, armed with a backpack full of whatever was needed.

I have gone on several overnight trips , leaving the two of them alone together. My son doesn't even call or text me when I'm gone because he's having so much fun hanging out with my wife. I never have to worry about him; I know my wife will make sure he takes a bath and goes to bed on time.

There are days when I will ask her to tag in and do the bedtime routine because I'm working or want a break, and she does it without question. My son knows that if he needs something, he doesn't have to come to me all the time.

Seeing my wife willingly step into a parental role with my son has strengthened our relationship. I knew I loved her almost immediately after we met, but seeing how my son responded to her made me more secure in my decision.

Sometimes, she still refers to him as mine, and I always remind her that she's his mom, too. We do everything as a team: school meetings, performances, birthday parties . Everyone knows us as his two moms, and there's no one else I could imagine doing this with.

My son now sees my wife as the missing piece to our family puzzle. He proudly claims her as his other mom.

"You're my mom too," my son will say when my wife calls herself his stepmom. He made that decision. My wife never wanted to force a close relationship on him, but he pushed for it.

Media has warped the perception of stepmoms

Popular media depictions of stepmoms are largely negative. The common trope is that they're evil.

For example, you have characters like Meredith Blake in the Lindsay Lohan version of "The Parent Trap," the Baroness von Schraeder in " The Sound of Music ," and, of course, the prototype: Cinderella's Evil Stepmother.

These women are always seen as temptresses who come in and seduce the father into marrying them before revealing they intend to get rid of his daughter so that she will be the only woman in his life.

Maybe there are stepmoms out there who fit this description, but by and large, stepmoms are there to be whoever their step kids want them to be.

I know that's exactly the role my wife plays, and my son and I are all the more lucky for it.

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