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- Research, Partnerships and Innovation
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- Thesis and Examination: The Code of Practice
Preparing a thesis
Guidance on writing your thesis and the support available.
English language requirements
Theses should normally be written in English. In exceptional circumstances, a student may request permission from their Faculty to present a thesis that is written in another language where there is a clear academic justification for doing so, eg. where the language is directly linked to the research project, or where there is a clear benefit to the impact and dissemination of the research.
Likewise, the oral examination should normally be conducted in English, except in cases where there are pedagogic reasons for it to be held in another language, or where there is a formal agreement in place that requires the viva to be conducted in another language. Permission should be sought from the appropriate faculty for a viva to be conducted in a language other than English.
Guidance on writing the thesis
The main source of advice and guidance for students beginning to write their thesis is the supervisory team. Students should discuss the proposed structure of the thesis with their supervisor at an early stage in their research programme, together with the schedule for its production, and the role of the supervisor in checking drafts. Supervisors should be prepared to advise on such matters as undertaking a literature review, referencing and formatting the thesis, and on what should or should not be included in the thesis, including any supplementary or non-standard material.
Additional support is also available via the English Language Teaching Centre (ELTC), which offers academic writing and thesis writing courses. In addition, the University offers a Thesis Mentoring programme to help students to manage better the process of writing their thesis.
Students may also find it helpful to consult theses from the same subject discipline that are available in institutional repositories such as White Rose Etheses Online or via the British Library’s EThOS service.
Students who intend to include in their thesis any material owned by another person should consider the copyright implications at an early stage and should not leave this until the final stages of completing the thesis. The correct use of third-party copyright material and the avoidance of unfair means are taken very seriously by the University. Attendance at a copyright training session offered by the Library is strongly recommended.
Students should take care to ensure that the identification of any third-party individuals within their thesis (e.g. participants in the research), is only done with the informed consent of those individuals, and in recognition of any potential risks that this may present to them. This is especially important because an electronic copy of the thesis will normally be made publicly available via the White Rose Etheses Online repository.
Use of copyright material
Guidance on good practices in authorship is set out in the GRIP policy expectations.
Good practices in authorship
Acceptable support in writing the thesis
It is acceptable for a student to receive the following support in writing the thesis from the supervisory team (that is additional to the advice and/or information outlined above), if the supervisory team has considered that this support is necessary:
- Where the meaning of the text is not clear the student should be asked to re-write the text in question in order to clarify the meaning.
- If the meaning of the text is unclear, the supervisory team can provide support in correcting grammar and sentence construction to clarify its meaning. If a student requires significant support with written English above what is considered to be correcting grammar and sentence construction, the supervisory team will, at the earliest opportunity, request that the student obtains remedial tuition support from the University’s English Language Teaching Centre.
- The supervisory team cannot rewrite text that changes the meaning of the text (ghost writing/ghost authorship in a thesis is unacceptable).
- The supervisory team can provide guidance on the structure, content and expression of writing.
- The supervisory team can proofread the text.
- Anyone else who may be employed or engaged to proofread the text is only permitted to change spelling and grammar and must not be able to change the content of the thesis.
The Confirmation Review and the oral examination are the key progression milestones for testing whether a thesis is a student's own work.
Requests for an extension to a student’s time limit for the student to improve their standard of written English in the thesis will not be approved. Students who require additional language support should be signposted to appropriate sources of help at an early stage in their degree to avoid such an occurrence.
Yellow Sticker scheme for disabled students
The University runs a sticker scheme for students who have an impairment that can affect aspects of their written communication. This applies to all students, including PGRs submitting a thesis for examination.
Yellow Sticker scheme
The University does not have any regulatory requirements governing the length of theses, but most faculties have established guidelines:
- Arts and Humanities: 40,000 words (MPhil); 75,000 words (PhD)
- Health: 40,000 words (MPhil); 75,000 words (PhD, MD)
- Science: 40,000 words (MPhil); 80,000 words (PhD)
- Social Sciences: 40,000 words (MPhil); 75,000-100,000 words (PhD)
The above word counts exclude footnotes, bibliography and appendices. Where there are no guidelines, students should consult the supervisor as to the length of thesis appropriate to the particular topic of research.
Related information
Contact the Research Degree Support Team
Thesis submission
Use of unfair means in the assessment process
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As stated in the Student Registry PhD format requirements , a PhD thesis in the Department of Computer Science and Technology “is not to exceed [...] 60,000 words including tables and footnotes, but excluding appendices, bibliography, photographs and diagrams.”
Candidates abusing these rules mostly risk annoying their examiners. Of particular concern is the misconception that tables and equations do not count as words, while they actually take significantly longer to read than mere text. The words “photographs and diagrams” refer to entities that can be taken in with a single glance rather than a page of detailed equations. Tables, equations and the like are best counted as having the number of words that text occupying the same area would have. The safest way to justify being under the 60,000 word limit is to count the words on a page with most plain text, and divide 60,000 by that to give a page limit. Another way of getting an estimate of the effective word count is
If the main body of your thesis (from first page to last page before the bibliography) is 150 pages or more then you have probably exceeded the size limit – and your thesis risks summary rejection. Remember that it is not necessary to write 59,995 words; as noted in the regulations for Physics and Chemistry: “[the] Degree committee points out that some of the best dissertations extend to only half this length”.
Sometimes candidates would like a bigger word-count limit. This is often a sign they have done too much work; a good thesis selects from the work done rather than slavishly including every minor result. There are three reasons not to do too much work on a thesis: poverty after your funding expires, scoring black marks for the department by submitting four years after starting, and having to leave out research results from your thesis!
The Degree Committee for the Faculty of Computer Science and Technology agreed, at its meeting of July 2nd 2009, that the word limit will remain at 60,000 words and, furthermore, emphasized that should students exceed 175 pages, students and their supervisors will be asked to explain.
The Degree Committee for the Faculty of Computer Science and Technology agreed, at its meeting on 23 November 2021, that while the word limit will remain at 60,000 words, the Committee recognises some theses are interdisciplinary. An application for an extension to the word counts where there is a compelling case - such as an interdiscipinary thesis - will be considered. Students should apply for an extension to the thesis word count via CamSIS Change of Circumstances.
Related links
- Word limits and requirements of your Degree Committee
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What Are Elements of a Good Thesis Statement for a Research Paper?
How students can adopt the best research methodology for phd thesis writing, a review on “research proposal: academic writing guide for graduate students”, how education can bring social change in community.
Three Minute Thesis Competition
The Three Minute Thesis Competition (3MT) is an exciting, fast-paced event showcasing the research of graduate students across campus. Each scholar is given three minutes to present their research displayed to the audience and judging panel in a single presentation slide. The competition boasts cash prizes for winners in each category.
You'll be amazed at what these scholars can fit into a three-minute presentation. You don't want to miss this competition!
Our graduate students have had an impressive showing at the regional 3MT competition at the Western Association of Graduate Schools annual conference. In 2023, Jennifer Heppner won third place and in 2024, Kendra Isable won second place.
The 2024 competition will be hosted in the Spring semester with two preliminary rounds in early March and the finals in April.
Learn more about our competition
Join our competition, preliminary round.
The top four contestants from groups A1, B1, A2 and B2 will be awarded $300 and will compete in the final round. Submit your presentation using the appropriate Group description link below.
Liberal Arts/Social Sciences/Education/Business
Wednesday, March 6, 2024, at 6 p.m. in the Wells Fargo Auditorium (MIKC 124)
- Group A1: Doctoral Dissertation Students
- Group B1: Master's Thesis Students
Sciences/Engineering/Mathematics/Health Sciences
Thursday, March 7, 2024, at 6 p.m. in the Wells Fargo Auditorium (MIKC 124)
- Group A2: Doctoral Dissertation Students
- Group B2: Master's Thesis Students
Final round
Thursday, April 11, 2024, at 7 p.m. in the Wells Fargo Auditorium (MIKC 124)
In the final round you'll compete against the eight finalists at your degree level:
- Group A — Doctoral Students (Four students from A1 and four students from A2)
- Group B — Master's Students (Four students from B1 and four students from B2)
Award amounts
Winners from each group of the final round will be awarded as follows:
- First Place: $1,000
- Second Place: $600
- Third Place: $400
- Peoples' Choice: $500
Deadline and application form
Applications are due February 29 by 11:59 p.m.
Preliminary submission form
Competition rules and terms
Presentation:.
- A single, static PowerPoint slide in 16x9 format is required (pdfs not allowed).
- Include your presentation title, full name, and graduate program on the slide.
- First-place winners from the last year's 3MT competition are ineligible to compete, however, last year's second- and third-place winners are eligible to compete.
- No slide transitions, animations or on-screen movement of any description are allowed.
- The slide is to be presented from the beginning of the oration.
- No additional electronic media (e.g. sound and video files) are permitted.
- No additional props (e.g. costumes, musical instruments, laboratory equipment) are permitted.
- Presentations are limited to three minutes maximum; competitors exceeding three minutes are disqualified.
- Presentations are to be spoken word (e.g. no poems, raps or songs).
- Presentations are to commence from the stage.
- Presentations are considered to have commenced when a presenter starts their presentation through either movement or speech.
- The decision of the adjudicating panel is final.
- All monetary awards for both preliminary and final rounds are pre-tax amounts.
- Abstracts are limited to 250 words.
- Students must be graduate students to enter the competition.
- While advancement to candidacy is not required, students must have made significant progress towards completion of their dissertation, thesis, or professional project in order to enter the competition.
- Winners will be announced approximately one week after the competition.
- You will be asked to sign a photo-video release at the event to allow the University of Nevada, Reno to use your likeness in photos/videos of the competition.
Judging criteria
Comprehension & content.
- Did the presentation provide an understanding of the background to the research question being addressed and its significance?
- Did the presentation clearly describe the key results of the research including conclusions and outcomes?
- Did the presentation follow a clear and logical sequence?
- Was the thesis topic, key results and research significance and outcomes communicated in language appropriate to a non-specialist audience?
- Did the speaker avoid scientific jargon, explain terminology and provide adequate background information to illustrate points?
- Did the presenter spend adequate time on each element of their presentation - or did they elaborate for too long on one aspect or was the presentation rushed?
Engagement & Communication
- Did the oration make the audience want to know more?
- Was the presenter careful not to trivialize or generalize their research?
- Did the presenter convey enthusiasm for their research?
- Did the presenter capture and maintain their audience's attention?
- Did the speaker have sufficient stage presence, eye contact and vocal range; maintain a steady pace, and have a confident stance?
- Did the PowerPoint slide enhance the presentation - was it clear, legible, and concise?
View past Three Minute Thesis winners
View the winners of each year since 2014!
View past winners
2022-2023 Finalists and winners
Doctoral category
First place: cody cris.
- Graduate program: Cell and Molecular Biology
- Title: Lighting the way: Tools to prepare for future pandemics
- Faculty advisor: Subhash Verma
SECOND PLACE: Anithakrithi Balaji
- Graduate program: Biomedical Engineering
- Title: Electrifying the fight-or-flight response: Nanosecond electric pulses for neuromodulation
- Faculty advisor: Jihwan Yoon
THIRD PLACE: Noah Nieman
- Graduate program: Civil and Environmental Engineering
- Title: Accelerating bridge construction connections behavior during near fault motions
- Faculty advisor: Floriana Petrone
2024 Finalists:
Francisco calderon abullarade.
- Graduate program: Ph.D. History
- Title: Creating the Enemy: The origins of the inter-american cold war in the 1940s
- Faculty advisor: Renata Keller
Anithakrithi Balaji
- Graduate program: Ph.D. Biomedical Engineering
- Title: Electrifying the fight-or-flight response: Nanosecond electric pulses for neuromodulation
Monika Bharti
- Graduate program: Ph.D. Education - Literacy Studies
- Title: P re-service teachers experiences teaching K-8 Multilingual Students' (MLS) writing
- Faculty advisor: Rachel Salas and Fares Karam
Cossette Canovas
- Graduate program: Ph.D. Clinical Psychology
- Title: Identifying predictors of racial trauma to inform treatment development
- Faculty advisor: Lorraine Benuto
- Graduate program: Ph.D. Cell and Molecular Biology
- Title: Lighting the way: Tools to prepare for future pandemics
- Faculty advisor: Subhash Verma
Kaashifah
- Graduate program: Ph.D. Education - Equity, Diversity and Language
- Title: Bridging the gaps: Evaluating the intervention programs to overcome academic disparities
- Faculty advisor: Donald Easton-Brooks
Noah Nieman
- Graduate program: Ph.D. Civil and Environmental Engineering
- Title: Accelerating bridge construction connections behavior during near fault motions
Sanjeevan Pradhan
- Graduate program: Ph.D. Political Science
- Title: Tough sell: Rising powers, domestic legitimation and costly international initiatives
- Faculty advisor: Xiaoyu Pu
Patricia Berninsone People's Choice Award
Abdulwarith kassim.
- Graduate program: Chemistry
- Title: Chemically recyclable dithioacetal polymers
- Faculty advisor: Ying Yang
Master's category
First place: abdulwarith kassim.
- Faculty advisor: Ying Yang
SECOND PLACE (TIE):
- Name: Elizabeth Everest
- Graduate program: Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology
- Title: Sustaining the beating heart of Cambodia: Fisheries management in southeast Asia's largest lake
- Faculty advisors: Zeb Hogan, Sudeep Chandra, Ken Nussear
- Name: Cathy Silliman
- Title: Winterfat restoration in a changing climate
- Faculty advisor: Elizabeth Leger
Samantha DeTiberiis
- Graduate program: M.A. Criminal Justice
- Title: What do our phones teach us about incarceration? A social media content analysis
- Faculty advisor: Jennifer Lanterman
Elizabeth Everest
- Graduate program: M.S. Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology
- Title: Sustaining the beating heart of Cambodia: Fisheries management in southeast Asia's largest lake
- Faculty advisor: Zeb Hogan, Sudeep Chandra, Ken Nussear
Carolynn Fedarko
- Title: Zeroing in on gun violence
- Faculty advisor: Weston Morrow
Shipra Goswami
- Graduate program: M.S. Biochemistry
- Title: May the pericytes be with you: Transport engineers you never knew existed!
- Faculty advisor: Albert Gonzales
- Graduate program: M.S. Chemistry
Anthony Michell
- Graduate program: M.A. History
- Title: Pushed to the limit: How the 1998 China floods revolutionized the relationship between China and the natural world
- Faculty advisor: Hugh Shapiro
Elizabeth Morgan
- Graduate program: M.S. Teaching History (M.A.T.H.)
- Title: Dust in the wind dude: The Owens Valley everywhere except, in the Owens Valley
- Faculty advisor: Edward Schoolman
Cathy Silliman
- Graduate program: M.S. Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology
- Faculty advisor: Elizabeth Leger
IMAGES
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However, from the analysis of over 100 PhD theses, the average thesis length is between 80,000 and 100,000 words. A further analysis of 1000 PhD thesis shows the average number of pages to be 204. In reality, the actual word count for each PhD thesis will depend on the specific subject and the university it is being hosted by.
A PhD can be anywhere from 50 pages to over 450 pages long. This equates to between about 20,000 words to 100,000 words. Most PhD theses are between 60,000 and 80,000 words long excluding contents, citations and references. A PhD thesis contains different sections including an introduction, methods, results and discussion, conclusions, further ...
The thesis for the PhD degree is not to exceed 80,000 words exclusive of footnotes, appendices and bibliography but subject to an overall word limit of 100,000 words exclusive of bibliography. Students may apply to include appendices that are exclusive of the word count.
Most dissertations are 100 to 300 pages in length. All dissertations should be divided into appropriate sections, and long dissertations may need chapters, main divisions, and even subdivisions. Students should keep in mind that GSAS and many departments deplore overlong and wordy dissertations.
The page length or word count varies depending on the degree, field of study, school, and country. ... 80,000-100,000 words (200-300 pages) As you can see, a doctoral dissertation is a serious investment—you're essentially writing a book. Keep in mind, however, that these figures are only estimates, and that actual lengths are more ...
A PhD thesis (or dissertation) is typically 60,000 to 120,000 words (100 to 300 pages in length) organised into chapters, divisions and subdivisions (with roughly 10,000 words per chapter) - from introduction (with clear aims and objectives) to conclusion. The structure of a dissertation will vary depending on discipline (humanities, social ...
Edit Dissertation draft & prepare for your defense. Although editing and revising occurs throughout the writing process, budget sufficient time to return to your draft for full-scale revision. Seeking feedback, reviewing, and editing your document helps you to: See your text from a reader's perspective.
The PhD thesis is the most important part of a doctoral research degree: the culmination of three or four years of full-time work towards producing an original contribution to your academic field. Your PhD dissertation can therefore seem like quite a daunting possibility, with a hefty word count, the pressure of writing something new and, of ...
An undergraduate dissertation is typically 8,000-15,000 words. A master's dissertation is typically 12,000-50,000 words. A PhD thesis is typically book-length: 70,000-100,000 words. However, none of these are strict guidelines - your word count may be lower or higher than the numbers stated here. Always check the guidelines provided ...
Each university sets its maximum and minimum word count limits for PhD students. PhD. Thesis Word Count. So how many words is a Ph.D. thesis? At UWS London, your PhD thesis should not typically exceed 40,000 words for PhD students studying Mathematics, Technology, Science, and Engineering - this excludes ancillary data. For PhD students ...
While many assume a universal word count for dissertations, the reality is far more complicated. ... 15,000 to 50,000 words for master's level, and 50,000 to 100,000 words or more for doctoral dissertations. About Alvin Nicolas. Nicolas has a master's degree in literature and a PhD degree in statistics. He is a content manager at ...
Word limits. PhD - not to exceed 100,000 words; MPhil - not to exceed 60,000 words; MD(Res) - not to exceed 50,000 words MPhilStud - not to exceed 30,000 words; Professional Doctorates - at least 25,000 words and not to exceed 55,000 words; Thesis word limit inclusions and exclusions The thesis word count includes everything from the start of chapter 1 up to the end of the last chapter.
Word limit. Your research dissertation should be around 10,000 words. There is an absolute maximum of 12,000 words. This includes everything apart from figure legends, tables, appendices and references. The marker will stop reading after 12,000 words, and anything after that will not be marked (except for your reference list).
An undergraduate thesis is likely to be about 20 to 50 pages long. A Master's thesis is likely to be between 30 and 100 pages in length and a PhD dissertation is likely to be between 50 and 450 pages long. In the table below I highlight the typical length of an undergraduate, master's, and PhD. Level of study.
5.Word Limits of Theses The length of a thesis should not normally be greater than 90,000 words for PhD, 60,000 words for MPhil, and 30,000 words for LLM. A thesis may be no more than five percent over the limit. The word count excludes the appendices, the bibliography and any bibliographical material contained within the footnotes.
Word Count A Phd thesis should not normally exceed 100,000 words of text (including your appendices and additional material). However, the PGR Committee of the College of Social Sciences suggest the following limits: PhD: 70,000 to 100,000 words. (Allowing 250 words per page, this means between about 280 and 360 pages.)
SephirothNoMasamune. •. For my masters (languages), the minimum was 16,000 and the maximum 24,000. For my PhD (languages), my minimum is 80,000 and my maximum is 100,000. It's fairly standard for my discipline I think, though I might be wrong! In my first year I'm expected to write ~20k words for a literature review, so I suppose that's ...
An undergraduate dissertation is typically 8,000-15,000 words. A master's dissertation is typically 12,000-50,000 words. A PhD thesis is typically book-length: 70,000-100,000 words. However, none of these are strict guidelines - your word count may be lower or higher than the numbers stated here. Always check the guidelines provided ...
Health: 40,000 words (MPhil); 75,000 words (PhD, MD) Science: 40,000 words (MPhil); 80,000 words (PhD) Social Sciences: 40,000 words (MPhil); 75,000-100,000 words (PhD) The above word counts exclude footnotes, bibliography and appendices. Where there are no guidelines, students should consult the supervisor as to the length of thesis ...
Writing up and word count. As stated in the Student Registry PhD format requirements, a PhD thesis in the Department of Computer Science and Technology "is not to exceed [...] 60,000 words including tables and footnotes, but excluding appendices, bibliography, photographs and diagrams.". Candidates abusing these rules mostly risk annoying ...
Version 4.0 - February 2024. This document is designed to guide postgraduate research students (with the exception of MSc(Res) and MSt(Res) students) through the process of preparing for submission of their postgraduate research thesis at the University of St Andrews. It is a step-by-step guide to completing the tasks listed in the table of ...
esis Word Count Requirements for the Degree of PhD Information for Students & Supervisors In the College of Social Sciences, a thesis shall be a minimum of 70,000 an. maximum of 100,000 words including references, bibliography and appendices in each case. A candidate who wishes to submit a thesis of greater or lesser length must seek permission ...
Most of the students don't know how many words are included in the different chapters of the dissertation. Here, we will provide a general guide about the PhD dissertation word count and structure. 1) Preliminary pages. In the structure of the PhD dissertation, first of all, there come preliminary pages. These preliminary pages include ...
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