my favorite holiday novruz essay

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Novruz is one of the most important and favorite holidays of Azerbaijani people. It marks the arrival of spring and is celebrated on the vernal equinox, March 20-21 – the beginning of the astronomical New Year. The festivities last for several days and the preparations for them start early at the end of the last month of winter. Novruz is the time at which people say goodbye to the old year and prepare for the sense of physical and spiritual renewal that the spring brings.

The origin of Novruz dates back to ancient customs and rituals associated with sorcery, cult of nature and fertility, as well as beliefs in nature’s decline and rise. During the month leading up to Novruz, every Tuesday is devoted to celebrating nature’s four elements consecutively: water, fire, earth, and air (or wind), the last one, called “Akhir Charshanba”, representing the time when the leaves bud out and the spring finally begins. It is believed that on the first Charshanba still waters star moving and the water is renewed. On the second Charshanba, bonfires are kindled. With regard to each of these days, there are numerous beliefs, poetry, and rituals.

The most significant one among charshanbas is “Akhir Charshanba”. On this traditional day plan, a lot has to be taken care of; the house has to be cleaned and holiday meals prepared. Samani is a symbol of Novruz and it is grown from sprouted seeds in advance to have it ready on the table by the night of celebration. Along with samani, painted eggs, and baked holiday sweets set a festive mood. The day before the holiday people meet to congratulate each other. On festive tables candles are lit and wishes made. The number of candles corresponds with the number of family members. In the evening, children put hats under neighbors’ doors and hide, waiting for the neighbors to fill the hats with holiday favors. After the sunset people gather in the streets to kindle bonfires, dance around them, and jump over them to cleanse their souls and ward off evil spirits.

One of the essential parts of the holiday table is Khoncha (xonça) – a tray filled with sweets, nuts, candles, and other treats. Each of the sweets baked for Novruz has a symbolic meaning. Baklava represents the four parts of the world, Gogal – the sun, Shekerbura – the moon, and the eggs painted for Novruz are a symbol of life. Samani decorates the middle of the tray and is tied with red ribbon. Traditionally, the table has to include seven items all starting with the letter “S”: sabzi (greens), sumakh (seasoning), sud (milk), sirka (vinegar), samani and others.  But the main meal of the Novruz table is pilaf. Neighbors and friends send trays filled with treats to each other.

On the second day of Novruz, people visit the graves of the relatives and friends to honor their memory.

Novruz is also the time for mass gatherings and festivals. Ashug and folk music concerts are held countrywide on this day. Ropewalkers demonstrate their skills, pehlevans (wrestlers) compete against each other, comedy performances with the participation of two characters, Kos-Kosa (goat beard) and Kechal (the bald), are held on the streets.

Kos-Kosa represents the winter, Kechal – the spring. In the verbal competition Kechal always comes out a winner.

In the rural areas, interesting horse races, called chovqan, are being organized. But the main festivities usually take place by the walls of the legendary Maiden Tower. The top of the tower is decorated with a huge Samani, and the beauty Bahar (spring) lights the torch installed on the tower the flame of which symbolizes the awakening of nature and life.

At the fourth session of the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage which took place from September 28 to October 2, 2009, multinational nomination “Novruz, Nowruz, Nooruz, Navruz, Nauroz, Nevruz” of Azerbaijan, India, Iran, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Turkey and Uzbekistan was inscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

At the 11th session of the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage which took place in Addis-Ababa, Ethiopia, from November 28 to December 2, 2016, Afghanistan, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan joined the nomination.

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Novruz is widely celebrated in our country as the symbol of winter's leaving and spring's coming.

Novruz is celebrated on the first day of spring. The first day of spring on the calendar is determined by the annual circling of the sun.

According to scientists, the holiday has an ancient history. Scientific researches relate the Novruz holiday with the period of the prophet Zardush that dates 3500-5000 years back.

This holiday was celebrated in ancient Babylon for 12 days beginning in Nisan (March, April) 21. each of the 12 days had its ceremonies and enjoyment. According to the first inscription, the holiday of Novruz was established in 505 B.C.

Islam figures always try to explain this holiday from a religious point of view. But the prominent enlighteners Firdovsi, Rudaki, Avicenna, Nizami, Sadi, Hafiz and others proved that the age of Novruz is older. Nizami's 'Siyasetname' and Omar Khayyam's 'Novruzname' dedicated to Novruz holiday.

Novruz was unofficially celebrated in the Soviet period, for the reason that the government prohibited the celebrations and pursuit of people. Despite all that, each Azerbaijan family followed the hundred years old traditions and celebrated Novruz.

Nature starts to wake in Novruz and Azerbaijan people demonstratively celebrate it a month ago. On Tuesdays, we celebrate Su Charshabnasi (water —  Tuesday), Odlu Charshanba (fire —   Tuesday), Torpag Charshanba (land —  Tuesday) and Akhir Charshanba (final or wind  —   Tuesday). According to the folk belief water in the first Tuesday purifies and stirs, fire on the second Tuesday, land on the third Tuesday and wind on the fourth Tuesday awaken nature, the trees begin to blossom; all this symbolize spring's coming.

Noruz holiday is rich with ancient traditions and games. 'Khidir Ilyas' the symbol of productivity and blossom),'Kos-Kosa'- funny square game (the symbol of spring's coming) and fortune-telling are among them.

Novruz also has Interesting traditions relating to water and fire. Being the land of the fire Azerbaijan has rich traditions relating to it. The fire is the symbol of purification and clarification. Bonfires are made in Novruz and before the holiday comes people in Akhir Charshanba, despite the age and gender, jump seven times over one, or once over 7 bonfires and say: 'Give me your redness and take my yellowness.' The fire is never put out by water; it burns down by itself. Young boys and girls take the ash of the fire and throw it far from the house. It is explained as follows: all the mischance of the family is thrown away with the ash.

Purification by water is related to the real peculiarity of water. Traditions related to water symbolize New Year in Azerbaijan. Jumping overflowing water in the New Year one clears himself from his past year's faults. The members of the family splash water on themselves before going to bed at night on the eve of New Year day. They say all flowing waters cease in Akhir Charshanba and everything bound to it, even trees bound down. Who drinks from this water on the evening of the New Year saves himself from all the diseases in the coming year.

The peak of Novruz is the time when the past year gives its turn to a new one. According to old traditions shootings from the pistols were heard in the honour of Novruz at that moment. In the N. Dubrovin wrote about it in the 19 th century: 'Shootings in the cities and the villages informed springs coming to Azerbaijan.' Adam Oleary, the witness of Novruz holiday in 1637 wrote: ' Astrologer very often stood up his place and determined the height of the un with astronomic equipment and sun-clock and at the moment of equinox he said: 'New year has come at the same moment shootings started, music heard at the towers and walls of the city. Spring holiday started.'

Azerbaijanis pay particular attention to the table laid for the holiday. There should be 7 varieties of food on the table the names of which starts with the letter 'S', for example, sumakh (a kind of spice), sirke (vinegar), sud (milk), samani (grown wheat), sebzi (fried meat with greens) etc. A mirror, with coloured eggs on it and candles should also be on the table. The candle is the symbol of fire and light(keeping a person from damage), the mirror is the symbol of happiness.

According to the tradition, all the members of the family should be at home on the first day of the holiday. People say: 'If you are not at home on the day of the holiday, you will live without a home for seven years.' The outer doors were kept open in the past. On the first day of the new year, the lights are kept turned on the whole night, for turned off light and fire is the symbol of misfortune.

Celebrating Novruz people in the villages determine the peculiarity of the coming year: whether it will be either arid or rainy and determine the degree of productivity. According to the tradition, the first day of Novruz symbolizes spring, the second day after it is summer, the third day is autumn and the fourth is winter. If the first day is windless and arid, so the spring is going to be favourable for agricultural works, and if it is rainy and windy so the spring is expected to be the same. On the rest of the days, they determined summer, autumn and winter.

Novruz is a fun and favourite holiday. Novruz is a holiday that embraces all of our people.

Note : since 2006, when a public holiday falls on a day off, the next business day is considered non-working.

IELTS PAPERS

Card 12: Holidays

Part 1: Holidays

1. What is your favorite holiday? Why?

My favorite holiday is Novruz Bayram, the Persian New Year celebrated in Azerbaijan. I love it because it marks the arrival of spring and is filled with rich traditions, delicious food, and joyful gatherings with family and friends. The holiday emphasizes renewal, nature, and cultural heritage, which I find very meaningful.

2. How do you usually celebrate holidays?

I usually celebrate holidays by spending time with family and friends, preparing traditional meals, and participating in cultural activities. For Novruz, we clean our homes, bake special pastries like shekerbura and pakhlava, and set up a “haft sin” table with symbolic items. We also visit relatives and neighbors to exchange good wishes and gifts.

3. Do you prefer spending holidays with family or friends?

I prefer spending holidays with family, as it’s a time to reconnect and strengthen our bonds. However, I also enjoy including friends in our celebrations, as it adds to the festive atmosphere and creates wonderful memories.

4. What holiday traditions are important to you?

Important holiday traditions for me include preparing and sharing traditional foods, decorating our home, and participating in cultural and religious rituals. These traditions help preserve our heritage and create a sense of continuity and belonging.

5. How do holidays in your country differ from those in other countries?

Holidays in Azerbaijan often involve a mix of cultural, historical, and religious elements. For example, Novruz Bayram has ancient Zoroastrian roots and is unique in its emphasis on fire and water rituals. While many countries celebrate the New Year, the specific customs and symbols of Novruz are distinctive to Azerbaijani and Persian cultures.

6. Have you ever traveled during a holiday? Where did you go?

Yes, I have traveled during holidays. One memorable trip was visiting Istanbul during Eid al-Fitr. The city was vibrant with celebrations, and it was fascinating to experience the cultural similarities and differences in how the holiday is observed.

7. What is your most memorable holiday experience?

My most memorable holiday experience was a family reunion during Novruz Bayram a few years ago. We gathered at my grandparents’ home in the countryside, enjoyed traditional dishes, and participated in various customs. The highlight was jumping over bonfires, a symbolic act to cleanse away the past year’s misfortunes and welcome the new year with fresh energy.

8. Do you think holidays are important for people? Why?

Yes, holidays are important for people because they provide a break from routine, allowing time for rest, reflection, and celebration. They strengthen social bonds, preserve cultural traditions, and contribute to overall well-being by fostering a sense of community and belonging.

9. How do you feel when a holiday is approaching?

When a holiday is approaching, I feel excited and joyful. It’s a time to look forward to reuniting with loved ones, engaging in cherished traditions, and enjoying a festive atmosphere. The anticipation itself adds to the overall happiness and spirit of the holiday.

10. What holiday would you like to experience that you haven’t yet?

I would like to experience Christmas in a European country like Germany or Austria. The festive decorations, Christmas markets, and traditional customs like caroling and tree decorating seem enchanting. It would be fascinating to see how these traditions are celebrated and to immerse myself in the holiday spirit of a different culture.

 Vocabulary for Band 9+ IELTS Speaking

1. Renewal – The action of extending the period of validity of something 

2. Cultural heritage – The legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or society 

3. Symbolic – Serving as a symbol 

4. Continuity – The unbroken and consistent existence or operation of something over time 

5. Rituals – A religious or solemn ceremony consisting of a series of actions performed according to a prescribed order 

6. Vibrant – Full of energy and life 

7. Festive – Cheerful and celebratory 

8. Distinctive – Characteristic of one person or thing, and so serving to distinguish it from others 

9. Cleansing – The process of making something clean or pure 

10. Anticipation – The action of anticipating something; expectation or prediction 

11. Enchanting – Delightfully charming or attractive 

12. Immerse – To involve deeply; absorb 

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Nowruz – Persian New Year

By: History.com Editors

Published: March 19, 2024

Nowruz is a holiday marking the Persian New Year and the first day of spring. Originating more than 3,000 years ago, the 13-day festival symbolizes renewal and harmony with nature. It begins at the exact moment of the Northern Hemisphere’s vernal equinox , typically between March 19 and 22. 

This secular event is recognized by UNESCO , and the United Nations designated March 21 as the International Day of Nowruz . The holiday’s spellings , which also include Norouz, Navruz, Nooruz, No-Ruz and Nauryz, vary depending on the language.

“In these times of great challenge, Nowruz promotes dialogue, good neighborliness and reconciliation,” UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres stated.

Origins and Background

Rooted in Zoroastrianism , an ancient monotheistic religion, Nowruz festivities are celebrated in countries with significant Persian cultural influence, including Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Turkey and Kazakhstan. 

Historical accounts suggest that Nowruz celebrations occurred in ancient Persepolis during the Achaemenid Empire (550-330 B.C.). Mythology centered on its inception includes tales of a Persian king soaring across the skies in a jeweled chariot on the first day of spring. 

Across regions, events during Nowruz, which translates to “new day” in English, vary according to customs, but they share common themes of rebirth, new beginnings and the celebration of nature. 

“Nowruz has a lot of symbolism around renewal—renewal of nature, renewal of relationships,” Shadi Mokharti, a professor at American University in Washington, D.C., tells the School of International Service . “It is usually the highlight of the year for most Iranians.”

Traditions and Customs

To symbolize the new year's fresh start, celebrants often engage in spring cleaning, or “khaneh tekani,” gift exchanges, family gatherings, buying new clothes and more. Children often enjoy a break from school during this time. 

“All houses undergo a big cleaning,” Zohreh Mirsharif, a world languages and cultures professor at American University, adds. “People will change the colors of the walls; they will wash everything. This is the new beginning.”

One common pre-festival ritual involves leaping over fire and streams to cleanse the past year’s negativity. “Many households also replenish their water supplies on the last Wednesday of the year,” UNESCO notes . 

7 Items on the Haft-Sin Table

Another notable Iranian tradition is the gathering of families around the ceremonial Half-Sin table, which displays seven items beginning with the Persian letter “sin,” each holding special symbolism. The table includes apples (seeb) for beauty, garlic (seer) for health, vinegar (serkeh) for patience, hyacinth (sonbol) for spring, sweet pudding (samanu) for fertility, sprouts (sabzeh) for rebirth and coins (sekeh) for wealth.

On the 13th day of Nowruz, some countries observe sizdah bedar, a custom that involves picnicking outside to ward off bad luck. “Since the 13th is an unlucky day, entire families go on picnics and take with them the sprouts (sabzeh) from the haftseen table,” NPR reports .

The sprouts, or sabzeh, is wheat, barley, lentil or other sprout grown in a pot. It’s believed that the sabzeh absorbs the previous year's pain and trouble and throwing it into water at the end of the festival symbolizes a letting go of those misfortunes with the new year.

In Afghanistan, a date-based dessert called haft mewa is served, and buzkashi, a polo-like sport played with a goat carcass as a ball, is played. In Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, revelers share a sweet dish called sumalak from communal pots. 

“What to Know About Nowruz, a 3,000-Year-Old Festival Celebrated by Millions Worldwide,” Time “International Nowruz Day, 21 March,” United Nations “Nowruz, A gathering of people with a common heritage along the Silk Roads,” UNESCO “Nowruz: Persian New Year's Table Celebrates Spring Deliciously,” NPR “Happy Nowruz! Five Facts About the Persian New Year,” American University

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This ancient festival is a celebration of springtime—and a brand new year

Nowruz, also known as Persian New Year, has been observed for more than 3,000 years as the victory of spring over darkness.

For the Northern Hemisphere, March 19 is the first day of spring. But for 300 million people around the world, it’s the beginning of a new year, too. Nowruz—which means “new day”—is a holiday marking the arrival of spring and the first day of the year in Iran, whose solar calendar begins with the vernal equinox.

Nowruz has been celebrated in Iran and the Persian diaspora for more than 3,000 years. Its roots are as a feast day in Zoroastrianism , a religion practiced in ancient Persia that viewed the arrival of spring as a victory over darkness. The holiday survived the Islamic conquest of Persia in the seventh century and the decline of Zoroastrianism’s popularity, and it spread across the globe through the diaspora of Persian people throughout history. ( Here's how Persia became the world's first true empire. )

What is Nowruz and how is it celebrated?

Traditionally celebrated on the vernal equinox, many begin preparations for Nowruz weeks in advance. In the leadup to the holiday, people perform ritual dances and fill vessels in their home with water, which is associated with health, in an attempt to banish bad luck.

(In this episode of our podcast Overheard , we chat with National Geographic photographer Babak Tafreshi about the shimmering origins of this ancient Persian holiday that encourages us to make poetic connections between life and death. Listen now on Apple Podcasts .)

On the last Wednesday before Nowruz, many celebrate Charshanbe Suri, a night in which they jump over fire or go to doors banging spoons to scare away bad luck. People also visit cemeteries and bring offerings for the dead, whom some believe visit before the spring rite begins.

The spring festival’s focus is fertility and new life, so it’s appropriate that many revelers celebrate with seeds and eggs. Households set up tables covered with seven symbolic items they call haft-seen . Haft means “seven” and “seen” is “s” in Farsi, and all of the items start with the letter. These include seed sprouts (usually wheat, oats and other seeds, which symbolize rebirth), senjed (also known as silverberry or Persian olive, which is thought to spark love), garlic (protection), apple (fertility), sumac (love), vinegar (patience), and samanu, a pudding made of sprouted wheat (affluence). The table also can include a Koran, eggs, mirrors, and poetry.

Though Nowruz is old, the table tradition isn’t: As A. Shapur Shahbazi notes in Encyclopedia Iranica , it only came into effect in the last century.

Who celebrates Nowruz?

Nowruz has proven resilient in the modern era, too. After Iran’s Islamic Revolution in 1979, the new government attempted to suppress the festival out of fear it might detract from the state religion. But those attempts failed , and Nowruz is now celebrated as an official state holiday in Iran. ( Related: This ancient Persian empire once captured a Roman emperor . )

It’s also an official holiday in Afghanistan, Albania, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iraqi Kurdistan, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia’s Bayan-Ölgii province, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, and it’s widely celebrated in places like Turkey, Indian and other places with Persian enclaves.

In 2009, UNESCO, the cultural arm of the United Nations, listed the holiday on its Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, noting that it “promotes values of peace and solidarity between generations and within families as well as reconciliation and neighborliness.” March 21 is officially   recognized as International Nowruz Day, though the holiday itself is celebrated between March 19 and 22, depending on calendars and vernal equinox calculations.

Editor's note: This story was originally published on March 19, 2020. It has been updated.

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A nation is known, recognized and distinguished among the world nations by certain characteristic features. The highest and the greatest of these features is culture.

Azerbaijan celebrates Novruz Holiday

Novruz holiday is one of the most important and favorite holidays of the Azerbaijani people. It marks the arrival of spring, renewal of nature, and is celebrated on the vernal equinox, March 20-21 – the beginning of the astronomical New Year.

The origin of Novruz dates back to ancient customs, cult of nature and fertility, as well as beliefs in nature’s decline and rise. During the month leading up to Novruz, every Tuesday is devoted to celebrating nature’s four elements consecutively: water, fire, earth, and air (or wind), the last one, called “Akhir Charshanba (Last Tuesday)”, representing the time when the leaves bud out and the spring finally begins.

Samani - a symbol of Novruz

The growing of samani (green sprouting wheat) is the most sacred Novruz ceremony as the herald of spring. Sprouting samani symbolizes sowing and a rich harvest, it represents grain, bread, increase and abundance. Grain and abundance is a pledge of life, existence, the most vital material necessity for life. People have always grown samani from wheat, barley, peas, lentils or other grains in copper dishes; they have always revered it and rejoiced at its sprouting.

In the evening, children put hats under neighbors’ doors and hide, waiting for the neighbors to fill the hats with holiday favors. After the sunset people gather in the streets to kindle bonfires, dance around them, and jump over them to cleanse their souls and ward off evil spirits.

Khoncha – a holiday table

filled with sweets, nuts, candles, and other treats

One of the essential parts of the holiday table is Khoncha (xonça) – a tray filled with sweets, nuts, candles, and other treats. Each of the sweets baked for Novruz has a symbolic meaning. Pakhlava represents the four parts of the world, Goghal – the sun, Shekerbura – the moon, and the eggs painted for Novruz are a symbol of life. Samani decorates the middle of the tray and is tied with red ribbon.

The main festivities during the Novruz Holiday usually take place by the walls of the legendary Maiden Tower. The top of the tower is decorated with a huge Samani, and the beauty Bahar (spring) lights the torch installed on the tower the flame of which symbolizes the awakening of nature and life.

During the fourth session of the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage which took place from September 28 to October 2, 2009, multinational nomination “Novruz, Nowruz, Nooruz, Navruz, Nauroz, Nevruz” of Azerbaijan, India, Iran, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Turkey and Uzbekistan was inscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

Novruz Traditions in Azerbaijan

Novruz holiday in Azerbaijan is a feast of spring, start of New Year. Novruz celebrations are one of the most interesting events in this country.  Traditionally, Azerbaijanis start festivities 4 Wednesdays before 21st of March, symbolizing end of the Old year and beginning of the New year:

• Su Chershenbe (Water Wednesday);
• Odlu Chershenbe (Fire Wednesday);
• Torpag Chershenbe (Earth Wednesday);
• Akhyr Chershenbe (Last Wednesday).

According to the traditional beliefs the water is reborn on the first Wednesday: still waters come to motion; The fire reborn on the second one, the earth - on the third. On the fourth Wednesday the wind opens tree buds and spring begins.

Novruz in Azerbaijan is full of ceremonies and traditions. Here is one, for example. In the evening each family light the number of torches on their house's roof corresponding to the number of the family members. Everyone in the family should jump over the burning fire saying a special spell. After the fire dies out girls and young men collect the remaining ash and pour it somewhere in the outskirts of the village or a road.

Symbolically purifying fire burns all past failures, even the memory about them is deleting from the house along with the ash.

According another belief, in order to find the happy match unmarried girls throw 'black coins', a sign of bad luck, to a water-filled jug during the daytime and in the evening before sunset they pour this water out together with the coins outside.

On "Akhyr Cheshenbe" before dark there comes the time of fortune telling. Azerbaijani girls and young men sneak to doors of their neighbors and "overheard" their conversation; then on the basis of the first words they have heard they try to tell their fortune and guess if their wishes will come true. On this day many families also tell fortunes using Khafiz Shirazi book.

Among Novruz holiday ceremonies the most important one is the cooking of samani (wheatgrass, grew in a plate) which is a symbol of fertility. The ceremony of the cooking of samani is accompanied by ceremonial songs and dances.

The last day of the old year is considered a special feast by Azerbaijanis. On the Novruz holiday eve entire family gather at home. For the head of the family a special mat is laid. He says prayers; no one is allowed to eat without his permission. As soon as the gun shot sounds signaling the beginning of the meal, the woman brings in milk pilau. If the gate is open on this day it means that the host is at home. If visitors come to the house they are welcomed by the eldest son or the nephew of the host. The guest is then offered rose water for hand washing and invited into the house. The head of the family gives a sign and the tea is immediately served for the guest. Such visits are paid for three days. Then there comes the women's turn to celebrate Novruz for a week.

On the last night of the old year all family members spray each other with water before going to bed "to wash off" all hardships of the old year.

Finally the holiday starts. Everyone puts on new clothes and begins partying. Nobody works on this day.

Today in Azerbaijan the official celebration of Novruz holiday comes on March 21st. On the first day of the New year it is a tradition to rise early in the morning. If it is possible people go where water is -to a river or a spring: wash themselves, splash water on each other. Water is a symbol of cleanliness and freshness. Right there they treat each other with sweets. On this morning it is obligatory to eat something sweet - honey, candies or sugar. Then it is necessary to smell a fragrant smoke that is the way of getting rid of "evil spirits".

The holiday table on this day is very special. It is essential on this day to have seven dishes whose names begin with the letter "s". They are sumakh, skad (milk), sirke (vinegar), samani (aspecial millet porridge), sabzi (greens) etc . Except for the listed dishes there should be a mirror, a candle and a painted egg on the table. All these have a symbolical significance: a candle means light or fire protecting a person from evil spirits. An egg and a mirror are symbolizing the end of the old year and beginning of the first day of the new. Azerbaijanis put the painted egg on the mirror. As soon as the egg moves the New Year begins. Everyone sitting at the table starts wishing a happy new year to each other.

As a rule during holidays the doors are not locked. It means that the family is home and glad to welcome guests. Children visit their friends and relatives with little bags for holiday presents.

On the first day of the New Year the houses should be lit all night long. Putting the light off is a bad omen.

New Year celebrations are finished on the 13th day of Novruz. On this day in the city outskirts are held mass parties with traditional games and contests like horse or camel races in which both men and women take part. The ancient spring holiday - Novruz bairamy - is one of the oldest and most beautiful Azerbaijani traditions.

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In these times of great challenge, Nowruz promotes dialogue, good neighborliness and reconciliation. UN Secretary-General António Guterres

What is Nowruz and why do we celebrate it?

The word Nowruz (Novruz, Navruz, Nooruz, Nevruz, Nauryz), means new day; its spelling and pronunciation may vary by country.

Nowruz marks the first day of spring and is celebrated on the day of the astronomical vernal equinox, which usually occurs on 21 March. It is celebrated as the beginning of the new year by more than 300 million people all around the world and has been celebrated for over 3,000 years in the Balkans, the Black Sea Basin, the Caucasus, Central Asia, the Middle East and other regions.

Inscribed in 2009 on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity as a cultural tradition observed by numerous peoples, Nowruz is an ancestral festivity marking the first day of spring and the renewal of nature. It promotes values of peace and solidarity between generations and within families as well as reconciliation and neighbourliness, thus contributing to cultural diversity and friendship among peoples and different communities.

Nowruz plays a significant role in strengthening the ties among peoples based on mutual respect and the ideals of peace and good neighbourliness. Its traditions and rituals reflect the cultural and ancient customs of the civilizations of the East and West, which influenced those civilizations through the interchange of human values.

Celebrating Nowruz means the affirmation of life in harmony with nature, awareness of the inseparable link between constructive labour and natural cycles of renewal and a solicitous and respectful attitude towards natural sources of life.

UN Secretary-General António Guterres's message for 2024

Nowruz marks new beginnings. A "new day". A new year. The arrival of spring and rebirth of nature.

For more than 300 million people around the world, it is a time for family and friends to come together, reflect on the past and look forward to a brighter future.

Nowruz is also a celebration of humanity’s rich cultural heritage and diversity. And a chance – for all of us – to be guided by its values of peace, dialogue and solidarity:

• To reaffirm our commitment to human rights and dignity;
• To promote mutual respect and reconciliation;
• To protect the planet and live in harmony with nature.

As we celebrate Nowruz, let us choose hope and compassion, embrace the opportunities that lie ahead, and work together to building a more peaceful, more sustainable and more inclusive world for all.

May this Nowruz bring you joy, good health and prosperity.

International Nowruz Day was proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly, in its resolution A/RES/64/253 of 2010, at the initiative of several countries that share this holiday. Under the agenda item of “culture of peace”, the member states of Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Albania, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkey and Turkmenistan prepared and introduced a draft resolution ( A/64/L.30 ) entitled "International Day of Nowruz" to the ongoing 64th session of the General Assembly of the United Nations for its consideration and adoption.

In the 71st plenary meeting on 23 February 2010, The General Assembly welcomed the inclusion of Nowruz in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization on 30 September 2009.

It also recognized 21 March as the International Day of Nowruz, and invited interested Member States, the United Nations, in particular its relevant specialized agencies, funds and programmes, and mainly the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, and interested international and regional organizations, as well as non-governmental organizations, to participate in events organized by States where Nowruz is celebrated.

In these times of great challenge, Nowruz promotes dialogue, good neighborliness and reconciliation.” UN Secretary-General António Guterres

• UN Secretary-General's Message
• Message from Ms. Audrey Azoulay, Director-General of UNESCO
• GA Resolution declaring the day A/RES/64/253
• UNESCO Intangible Heritage listing
• Astana Declaration (A/63/512)
• Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage
• Declaration of Athens – The heritage of ancient civilizations: Implications for the modern world (A/54/60)
• Declaration for Promoting Dialogue and Mutual Understanding among Religions and Civilizations (A/62/553)
• Declaration of the Principles of International Cultural Cooperation
• GA resolution recognizing 21 March as the International Day of Nowruz (A/RES/64/253)
• Global Agenda for Dialogue among Civilization (A/RES/56/6)
• Outcome document of Phnom Penh Dialogue 2008 on Interfaith Cooperation for Peace and Harmony (A/62/949)
• Perth Declaration (A/64/543)
• Tehran Declaration on Dialogue among Civilizations (A/54/116)
• The 2005 World Summit Outcome
• The Madrid Declaration issued by the World Conference on Dialogue (A/63/499)
• Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity
• UN Alliance of Civilizations

Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity

Nowruz was inscribed in 2016 on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity . New Year is often a time when people wish for prosperity and new beginnings. An important tradition practised during this time is the gathering around ‘the Table’, decorated with objects that symbolize purity, brightness, livelihood and wealth, to enjoy a special meal with loved ones. Gifts are exchanged, especially for children, featuring objects made by artisans. There are also street performances of music and dance, public rituals involving water and fire, traditional sports and the making of handicrafts. 

Related Observances

• International Day of Living Together in Peace  
• World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development  
• International Day of the Celebration of the Solstice  
• International Day of Yoga  
• International Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples  
• International Day of Non-Violence   
• International Day for Tolerance  

Why do we mark International Days?

International days and weeks are occasions to educate the public on issues of concern, to mobilize political will and resources to address global problems, and to celebrate and reinforce achievements of humanity. The existence of international days predates the establishment of the United Nations, but the UN has embraced them as a powerful advocacy tool. We also mark other UN observances .

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Girls at a navruz celebration in Uzbekistan offer guests to the festival tea, bread, and other refreshments.

Navruz, Nooruz, Nowruz: The Ancient Spring New Year of Central Asia

Published: May 1, 2024

Navruz is a spring solstice celebration that marks the beginning of the New Year according to the traditional Persian calendar. It has been a beloved holiday for some 3,000 years, surviving cultural change caused by centuries of tumultuous history. It was once celebrated on the vernal equinox but is now celebrated on the set date of March 21st.

Navruz is a profound cultural and historical celebration marking the symbiotic relationship between humanity and the natural world, deeply embedded in the rhythms of the earth.

The holiday has long been celebrated over a wide geographic area including primarily the mostly-Muslim countries of Western Asia, Central Asia, the Caspian Sea region, and the Balkans. Navruz is an official holiday in Afghanistan, Albania, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iraqi Kurdistan, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia’s Bayan-Ölgii province, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. In Russia and the United States, Navruz celebrations are growing in popularity in large part because of the Iranian and Tajik diasporas there.

Traditions surrounding this holiday vary across the diverse cultures that celebrate it. This article will focus on the history and celebration of Navruz in Central Asia. It will also look most specifically at the traditions of Tajikistan, a Persian-speaking country, and Uzbekistan, a Turkic-speaking country.

The Long, Long History of Navruz

Navruz originated from Zoroastrianism, an ancient monotheistic religion that predates Christianity. Zoroaster, the religion’s creator, was likely born around 628 BCE and was Persian. He was highly concerned with questions of death and rebirth and how good (equated with light and knowledge) can conquer evil (equated with ignorance and darkness). Many of the stories and much of the philosophy of Zoroastrianism’s holy book, The Avesta , have parallels in Christianity, Judaism, and Islam, which all originated in the same geographic region as Zoroastrainism.

Because it is so old, the beginnings of Navruz are shrouded in folklore and mystery. The Avesta mentions Navruz as one of Zoroastrianism’s seven important celebrations. That book however, was only assembled in 1323 CE, although the texts it brought together are likely much older. The Persian national epic, The Shahnameh , states that King Jamshid started Navruz to save humanity from a long winter that threatened to kill every living thing. However, King Jamshid, most historians agree, is likely an entirely fictional character of Persian mythology.

We do know that in the Achaemenid Empire, around the fifth century BCE, that Navruz was celebrated and was likely the most important holiday of the year. We know as well that it had a similar status under the Sassanids from about the 3rd to 7th centuries CE. We also know that as Zoroastrianism spread across Iran and Central Asia, it brought Navruz along with it. We know that it persisted after the arrival of Arab invaders and Islam to the area well after the 7th century CE and that, when the Russian Empire conquered Central Asia in the 1800s, Navruz celebrations also continued.

Navruz has survived revolutions and oppressive governments that have attempted to ban or coopt the holiday in recent times. Soviet Russia, post-revolution Iran, and the Taliban government of Afghanistan, for instance, all attempted to ban the holiday at some point, feeling that the ancient Zoorastrian-rooted tradition didn’t correspond with their own ideologies. However, Navruz traditions were and are still celebrated in all these affected areas.

With the fall of the USSR, Navruz celebrations have experienced a revival across Central Asia and much of the Caucuses as the peoples of each country have looked back to their pre-soviet traditions as a basis on which to build new, distinct national and ethnic identities. For many, Navruz is a powerful part of that identity.

Today, among the cultures that celebrate it, Navruz is generally seen as a new start with a clean slate. People make amends, clean their houses, and buy or make new clothes to start the New Year. It is believed that for the New Year, everything should be as if new again.

Navruz Sports

In many cultures that celebrate Navruz, wrestling and equestrian sports are particularly popular. As Navruz celebrates life and strength, it makes sense that sports are a big part of the festival.

Most of the cultures have a specific type of wrestling that they consider a source of national pride. For instance, the Tajiks wrestle in a style called “gushtigiri” and will tell of its connections to their ancestors, Sogdians and Bactrians. The Uzbek style is called “kurash” and has links to the national hero Tamerlane, who used the sport to train his troops.

Equestrian sports are dominated in Central Asia by a game in which one must carry a whole goat carcass while on horseback and deposit it into a goal. In Tajikistan, where the sport is known as “buzkashi,” and Uzbekistan, where it is known as “kupkari,” it is particularly chaotic, often with dozens of players all playing against each other and with almost no rules except one against knocking another player off his horse – which could result in death in such conditions. The sport takes considerable strength, a well-trained horse of great endurance, and equestrian skill. It also has historically military ties, as Central Asia’s greatest armies were equestrian.

Social hierarchy can also be seen in these games. The day often begins with boys on the field, and ends with older men. The matches are instigated by a village elder or other resected person. Older men are given the best seats from which to watch. Lastly, it is only men who participate. Women do not compete and often do not attend these matches.

How Navruz is Celebrated: Fire, Poetry, and Song

Other common customs include fires. Some cultures will make smaller fires and jump over them. This tradition was once held by many cultures and is believed to give health or grant wishes. Today, the fires are more often used a space to enjoy the night with family reciting poetry or singing traditional songs.

Particularly in major cities, one can find major concerts held and other large-scale festivities. In Dushanbe, the capital of Tajikistan, for instance, there is a parade that features the Navruz Princess, typically a young girl, as well as dancers from different regions of Tajikistan, floats showing Tajik national food, and more. In fact, in Tajikistan, Navruz is a weeklong holiday to fit in all the festivities.

In Uzbekistan, there are several rituals such as singing “Kelin salom” (“The Bride’s Hello”), a song traditionally sang at weddings. During Navruz, new brides or young women act out the Kelin salom while wearing traditional Uzbek dresses. In Uzbekistan, workers have three days off from work to celebrate Navruz.

The Tajiks also have a traditional poem to recite called the “Bakhor omad,” which tells how the New Year came in spring to renew the cycle of life.

Above: a performance of Kelin Salom in Uzbekistan.

Throughout the area that it is celebrated, Navruz represents a holiday of cleaning and cooking, of eating and spending time with loved ones, and of sport and taking joy in language, dance, and song. Navruz is also almost uniformly celebrated by people wearing their national dress showing that while this is a widespread and ancient tradition, it is very much a part of modern identities and national pride as well.

How Navruz Was Celebrated in Uzbekistan in 2023

Special Contribution by Alexandra Koteva

I attended SRAS’ Spring Break: Navruz in Uzbekistan program in spring, 2023. The program tours Uzbekistan’s major cities and covers a wide swath of the country’s fascinating history and culture. A major highlight of the program was the opportunity to see Navruz. This ancient holiday is rooted in Zoroastrianism and is one of Central Asia’s biggest and most unique celebrations.

Navruz is a weeklong celebration with the most important day falling on the vernal equinox, which, in 2023, was March 21st. We got to experience the national dishes, family gatherings, traditional games, music and dances, sport competitions, fairs, and other festivities that accompany the holiday.

Most Uzbek families prepare for Navruz by dedicating an entire day to cooking traditional dishes and gathering with their family and neighbors. As part of our study tour, our guide Nodir invited us to his personal home in Khiva so we could experience how a family prepares for Navruz.

Sumalak is a food that is only prepared and eaten during Navruz. Sumalak is a thick wheat pudding that is famously labor intensive. It is prepared from sprouting wheat grains and seeds which are milled and then cooked in a cauldron over an open flame. By the time we arrived, Nodir’s family was in the stirring stage of this process, working with the traditional large dowel on a frequent basis while the mixture concentrates over a period of 24 hours. Consistently stirring the sumalak requires a number of people taking turns to make sure it doesn’t burn over its cooking time. Hence, we got to experience its tradition of bringing people together by joining the family in stirring the mixture. The savory sweet smell was heavenly.

Throughout the week, I also saw many people at the bazaars selling homemade jars of sumalak for Navruz – as not everyone has the time in modern Uzbekistan to devote to this process.

Nodir’s family also taught us how to prepare spinach samsa. Samsa is a baked pastry that usually features meat, but it is made with spinach on Navruz because it is a holiday that celebrates the spring and its fresh vegetation. We rolled out the dough, added the spinach-parsley filling, then sealed the dough before it went in the oven to bake. Nodir’s family also made Khivan flatbreads (large, round flatbreads that are imprinted with a pointillism-like bread stamp to create circular patterns) and plov with beef, chickpeas, raisins, and flavorful spices. Other foods served alongside the main dishes included nuts (peanuts and walnuts), fresh and dried fruits (in particular: apples, oranges, and mulberries), tomato and cucumber salad, meat soups, pelmeni (dumplings), and khvorost (sweet crisps made by deep frying a batter from eggs, flour, and water). I learned that it is also traditional to place wheatgrass, the same as is used to make sumalak, on the table during Navruz to symbolize renewal.

Food isn’t the only thing that brings people together on Navruz. Music and dance are major parts of the holiday. Nodir’s neighbors played music on traditional string instruments for us, and I spent hours dancing with his young daughter, Vazira.

Uzbekistan also holds several official celebrations sponsored by the government. Major parks throughout the country, particularly in the capital of Tashkent, hold large festivities for Navruz to compliment the family gatherings. These include concerts and dances and special decorations for city parks such as lit-up fountains.

I had the opportunity to visit Magic City Park in Tashkent on Navruz on my own after the conclusion of the SRAS program. Young boys and older men performed national Uzbek music on drums and wind instruments. Large crowds gathered around them and followed them as part of a parade throughout the park. The processions paused every now and then for a performance during which locals joined in dance. Local Uzbek artists also gave free public music and dance performances on the park’s concert stage later in the evening. I later strolled to Tashkent City Park, not too far away, to enjoy more live concert music, also held for the holiday.

Lastly, while in Khiva, I was able to learn some kurash at a local sports school. The visit was through the SRAS tour. This traditional form of Uzbek wrestling/martial art is often on display for Navruz. There were only two young girls there (the rest were all boys), so they were very excited to see me and another girl from the study tour interested in participating. We began by stretching and warming up before transitioning to kurash moves that involved flipping onto the ground.

While sports and feats of strength are common at spring festivals world-wide, the connection between kurash and Navruz specifically is that both are proud expressions of Uzbekistan’s ancient culture. Both have extensive histories and associations: Navruz practices date from the 8th century BC, and kurash is one of the (if not the) oldest sports in the area and remains extremely popular.

In conclusion, my time in Uzbekistan was incredible. Engaging with a foreign culture at such a close level can be challenging, but the SRAS tour gave us opportunities to openly celebrate with friendly locals. For example, preparing sumalak with a local family and learning kurash were things I would not have been able to do on my own. I cherish many memories from this Navruz trip, most of all dancing with Nodir’s daughter all evening during the Navruz preparation. I also recommended the SRAS Navruz tour because this holiday extends beyond Uzbekistan, meaning that it gives you greater regional experience as well, and it’s a great way to widen one’s cultural awareness overall.

How Navruz Was Celebrated in Kyrgyzstan in 2024

Special Contribution by Bowie Fritsch, The University of Texas at Austin

As a student in the SRAS program in Bishkek, I got to experience Nowruz firsthand in two different countries.

My first sight of Nowruz was in Uzbekistan , where I traveled as an optional part of my program with SRAS in Kyrgyzstan. In Uzbekistan, I first encountered sumalak, a pudding made from wheat sprouts, which is exclusively made for Nowruz. During a visit to Khiva, the hometown of our tour guide, we were invited as guests to his home. There, we joined his family before a giant cauldron in front of the house where sumalak was being prepared. It has to be stirred for 24 hours, and I remember women taking turns stirring it as its preparation takes a lot of cooperation and effort. We also got to join in for some time to stir. While the sumalak was being stirred, as is tradition, there was singing and dancing, which is said to improve the sumalak by imbibing it with spiritual and physical strength and unity. Unfortunately, the sumalak would not be ready to eat until the next day, so I would have to wait to try it.

In Uzbekistan, I was also lucky enough to see kok boru , which is a traditional game played throughout Central Asia, including in Kyrgyzstan, on Nowruz and many other major holidays. Kok boru originates from the times of nomadism when it was also beneficial to keep men physically ready to defend their people and livestock. Kok boru is played by two teams of men on horseback who score by getting the ulak, which is a goat carcass, into the other team’s kazan (a pot-shaped goal). To watch the game, we gathered on a large field with about a hundred spectators. This game was relatively small as bigger kok boru games can gather considerably more. There are few boundaries or rules to the game, so we had to move around to avoid getting stampeded by the charging horses.

When we arrived back in Bishkek, Nowruz celebrations were also in progress there. The London School, where our study abroad program is held, had a small celebration with singing and games like tug of war. Traditional dishes like plov were served. The next day, I visited Ala-Too Square, where, during Nowruz, there are many games, performances, and concerts that celebrate the Spring and Kyrgyz culture. When I got there, it was raining lightly, but there was still a crowd of people. I did not stay in the square long because I had plans with my host family, but I did hear singing from a concert and saw many yurts set up. I walked throughout the square where I saw vendors selling fried bread and samalak as far as the eye could see; I also saw a few vendors selling candies and tables set up with various carnival games like a boxing arcade.

Although there are many events and festivities on Nowruz, most of my day was spent with my host family to have an iftar and celebrate the holiday. Most of Central Asia, including Kyrgyzstan, is Muslim and Nowruz falls right in the middle of another beloved holiday, the month-long celebration of Ramadan. During Ramadan , one must fast from sun up to sun down and thus one eats hearty breakfasts and large dinners to help get one through the day. The important evening meal is known as an iftar.

There were many guests and a table set with bread, borsok , sweets, and tea. Traditional foods were served, starting with salad, then shorpo soup, and later beshbarmak . There was also sumalak, which I got to try for the first time and was delighted to find it sweet and almost chocolate-like. After the meal, prayers were said, and later traditional songs were played.

I greatly enjoyed celebrating Nowruz and am thankful I could be in Kyrgyzstan during this festive time. From the food to festivities and gatherings of friends and family, Nowruz in Kyrgyzstan is a time-honored celebration of renewal, unity, and cultural heritage that serves as a poignant reminder of the timeless values that bind families and communities together.

Special Contribution by Kale Fuller, The Ohio State University

Nauruz, the old Zoroastrian new year that ushers in spring, is one of the largest holidays in Kyrgyzstan and being here in Bishkek during Nauruz was really amazing. The traditions of Nauruz are a very special way for Kyrgyz people to celebrate their heritage and practice millennia-old traditions.

Generally, Nauruz is celebrated by eating, dancing, and creating a special dish called sumalak. Sumalak is a thick brown paste made from wheat sprouts and flour, but what makes it really special is that it is made in a massive pot that is stirred for up to twenty-four hours – so it is incredibly labor intensive.

The morning of Nauruz it was absolutely pouring, but I grabbed a rain jacket and ventured to the main square at 10am, when the festivities were supposed to begin.

Despite the rain, there were more people there than normal, but it looked like the main celebration had been postponed to a time which I missed.

All day there was still an incredibly festive mood around Bishkek, every cafe and restaurant I visited that day had some sort of celebration, typically in the form of some sort of free food. Although Nauruz was originally a Zoroastrian holiday, it is now celebrated in mostly Muslim countries. Many major Muslim celebrations come with an expectation to perform acts of charity and generosity. So, for example, in a Turkish restaurant that my roommate and I went to, they gave us a small salad of carrots and cabbage, and at a cafe that I frequent they gave me a free cup of tea.

With Nauruz being such a big holiday, preparations begin early. I visited a large bazaar two days before Nauruz itself and people were already selling bottles of homemade sumalak. I began noticing Nauruz decorations a few days before the holiday itself, although these decorations were not nearly as extensive as what we have in America during the Christmas season.

The day before Nauruz, the London School, where we study with SRAS, put on a celebration and it was incredibly fun. We celebrated with all the traditional aspects of Nauruz: food, dancing, and traditional Kyrgyz games. As with many holidays in Kyrgyzstan, the table included plov, the traditional rice dish that is cooked in a cauldron-like pot called a kazan. Also on the menu was borsok, a fried dough dish, and an array of traditional drinks. My personal favorite Kyrgyz drink is chalap, a salty dairy drink that is incredibly filling.

It really struck me how similar most of the Kyrgyz games were to schoolyard games in the United States. One game was essentially duck, duck, goose but instead of tagging each other you throw a scarf and another was tug-of-war. Yet another (and my favorite) was a red-rover type game; I was too busy feasting on plov to play, but it was so fun to watch.

During the beginning of the celebration a woman in traditional garb burned evergreen wood and spread it throughout the air. This is a very old Kyrgyz tradition that is meant to get rid of negative spirits and cleanse the air, similar to the burning of sage in certain Native American traditions.

One of the most interesting aspects of the holiday to me, was the way in which it facilitates people to be proud of their Kyrgyz backgrounds. Around the time of Nauruz, and especially on the day itself, I noticed that significantly more people were wearing the traditional headwear, the distinctive Kyrgyz kalpak. The kalpak is an incredibly identifiable symbol for Kyrgyz culture and as such, is a symbol of their cultural pride.

Even now that Nauruz itself is over, there are some lingering festivities a few days after. For example, I went to a bazaar the Saturday after Nauruz and everywhere there were people buying and selling sumalak. From talking with local people and observing Bishkek the past few days, I have gathered that people really do view Nauruz as the beginning of spring and many things that come with warmer weather. For example, the sale of traditional drinks on the side of the road begins just after Nauruz.

Although incredibly few people in Kyrgyzstan would identify themselves as Zoroastrian, this holiday is really alive and well here. Not only that, but as Kyrgyzstan, like many post-soviet countries, continues to build its own national identity, Nauruz offers an amazing opportunity to celebrate in a uniquely Central Asian way.

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About the author

Caroline Murray

Caroline Murray participated in SRAS’s Russian as a Second Language program in St. Petersburg in 2016. She is currently a Fulbright ETA in Bukhara, Uzbekistan. Previously, she was a FLEX participant recruiter with American Councils in Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan. She was inspired to apply for the Fulbright and FLEX because of her experience in St. Petersburg to further develop the language and cultural skills she acquired abroad.

Program attended: Online Internships

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Josh Wilson

Josh lived in Moscow from 2003, when he first arrived to study Russian with SRAS, until 2022. He holds an M.A. in Theatre and a B.A. in History from Idaho State University, where his masters thesis was written on the political economy of Soviet-era censorship organs affecting the stage. At SRAS, Josh assists in program development and leads our Internship Programs . He is also the editor-in-chief for the SRAS newsletter , the SRAS Family of Sites , and Vestnik . He has previously served as Communications Director to Bellerage Alinga and has served as a consultant or translator to several businesses and organizations with interests in Russia.

Program attended: SRAS Staff Member

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Alexandra Koteva

Alexandra Koteva, at the time she wrote for this site, was double majoring in Political Science and Music and minoring in Russian Culture at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Her material here was produced as part of an SRAS Online Research Internship done while she was studying abroad with SRAS in Batumi, Georgia. She is a native speaker of Bulgarian.

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SRAS Wikis are maintained collectively by SRAS Challenge Grant Writers and Home and Abroad Scholars. They are meant to be continually updated repositories of information created for students and by students to best suit each SRAS location.

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Olivia Route

Olivia Route is an undergraduate studying Russian and International Relations at the University of Pennsylvania. She has previously spent summers in Russia and is excited to spend a semester exploring the former Soviet Union through SRAS’s Policy and Conflict program. Olivia likes running, eating, nature, and art.

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NOVRUZ – Azerbaijan’s traditional Holiday

Novruz holiday celebration is one of the Azerbaijani people’s most important and favorite holidays. This marks the spring’s arrival and is observed on the vernal equinox, March 20-21–the celestial New Year’s end. The celebrations go on for 3 days, and at the end of the last winter month, the preparations for them start early. Novruz is related to four of the most important signs of life, according to Zoroastrian beliefs: air, fire, wind and 5 flames. Zoroastrianism has led to a series of holidays linked to fire being established. The symbolic name is given to each of the last four Wednesdays. Beliefs and rituals about Novruz holiday celebrations are described in Avesta which is the main book of Zoroastrians religion.

Cleaning work needs to be done before the holidays, everybody needs to be tidy and wear new clothing. Most grain is set on a plate and sprayed on the first of the last four Wednesdays, so there is semen (sprouted wheat) by the holidays. In every household, Semeni is grown. Semeni, is Novruz’s primary feature, symbolizes abundance. During the Novruz holiday, eggs are painted and egg breaking competitions are held. The most colorful characters of the holiday are Kosa and Kechal, Going from door to door, they receive their share of the holiday feast and become the main source of fun.

Interesting horse races are being held in rural areas, called chovqan. central celebrations are usually held by the famous Maiden Tower’s walls. The tower’s top is adorned with a massive Samani, and the Spring beauty lights the torch mounted on the tower, the fire of which symbolizes nature and life’s awakening.

Traditional food

There must be an abundant selection of dishes, parties must be baked in every household and everyone must be at home, Therefore, there must be seven dishes starting with letter “5” on the tableş In some places, on Absheron in particular, it is used to cook halva, Azerbaijani pakhlava, shekarbura (sweet pastry in half-moon shape) shorgoghali (non-sweet multilayered bun with a savory)and the holiday pilaf are absolutely necessary on holidays. Govurga (fried wheat) is cooked and served together with walnuts, hazelnuts, and raisins. There is always a hat throwing tradition on Novruz holiday, as children put a hat at a door, knock on it and hide. The tradition goes that the host of a house I should fill the hat with Novruz delicacies.

Rituals about the Novruz Holiday

Many other traditions and practices remain, some of which vary depending on the location. What the Novruz bonfire never changes. Bonfires were installed in every community from the last Wednesdays of the year, including the holiday day. Both young people are actively participating in the tradition. The bonfire is built when it becomes dark, people gather, joke, laugh, have fun and dance, and when the fire becomes 7 smaller, jump over it saying “let all my pains and sorrows stay with you”, thus leaving all problems behind the past year. This is how the new year starts.

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Azernews.Az

Azerbaijan celebrates festive novruz holiday.

By Aynur Jafarova

Azerbaijani people are celebrating festive Novruz Holiday -- the symbol of winter's end and the advent of spring, an affirmation of life in harmony with nature, indication of equality and fraternity and renewal of nature.

Novruz is an old holiday which reflects the culture, national and spiritual values of our people and popularizes them in the world. Stressing that Novruz has ancient roots and always lives in the heart of our nation, great leader Heydar Aliyev succeeded in celebrating this holiday at a high level even during the harsh imperial regime.

After the restoration of independence, Azerbaijanis began to celebrate Novruz more solemnity. In addition to attaching nationwide importance to Novruz, Heydar Aliyev always stood by his people over the holidays, congratulated and called on them to live in unity and accord.

This most cherished holiday of the Azerbaijani people has an ancient history. It is often linked to Zoroastrianism, the oldest of the monotheist religions. Scientific researches relate the Novruz Holiday to the period of prophet Zardush, which dates back 3,500 to 5,000 years.

Azerbaijan is a country of oil, gas and mud volcanoes. Spontaneous fires on the Absheron Peninsula have attracted fire-worshippers who revere these places as holy. This laid the foundation of the Novruz customs and traditions related to fire.

In the ancient times Novruz in Azerbaijan was celebrated for seven days. The number seven is still reflected in the tradition of having seven different dishes on the holiday table.

Another theory suggests that Novruz dates back to ancient Mesopotamia. This holiday was celebrated in the ancient Babylon in Nisan (March, April) and the celebrations lasted 12 days, with each having their ceremonies and performances.

Houses and yards are cleaned, trees are pruned and fields cleared on Novruz eve.

Celebrations of Novruz begin a month before the actual holiday date. Novruz is related to four elements of nature -- water, fire, earth and wind. A legend goes that God created man from earth and water, gave him warmth and ordered the wind to wake him up.

Novruz Tuesdays are considered sacred. The four Tuesdays are named after these elements and called Su Chershenbesi (Water Tuesday), Odlu Chershenbe (Fire Tuesday), Hava Chershenbesi (Wind Tuesday) and Ilakhir Chershenbe or Torpaq Chershenbesi (Earth or Last Tuesday).

According to the folk belief, water purifies and stirs; fire, soil and wind awaken the nature, the trees begin to blossom. All these symbolize the coming of spring.

Novruz is associated with many traditions. On Ilakhir Chershenbe everybody should jump over bonfires seven times saying "My yellowness is for you, your redness - for me", which means "take away my diseases and give me your strength". The fire should not be put out with water as it is better to let it burn out.

On Ilakhir Chershenbe or in the Novruz evening, one can make a wish and go to the neighbor's doors at sunset. This tradition is called "gapipusdu". In front of each door, one drops a key onto the ground and overhears. The first two overheard words will indicate whether or not the wish will come true.

Novruz is a favorite holiday because every year traditional sweets of the national cuisine such as pakhlava, shakarbura, shorgogal and badambura are cooked and served at the festive table. Also "govurgha" (toasted wheat) is mixed with nuts (mainly walnuts, hazelnuts, almonds and chestnuts) and placed on the table along with the sweets.

The decoration of the festive table is khoncha, a big tray with "samani" -- freshly sprouted wheat and a symbol of hope for an abundant harvest in the coming year. The tray is placed in the center with candles and dyed eggs by the number of family members around it. The candles are lit and must not be blown out ahead of time.

The table should be set with seven dishes. Sour or bitter food is not included on the khoncha. Pilaf (rice) is one of the main dishes for the Novruz dinner.

One of the interesting traditions of Novruz is "papagatdi": children knock at the neighbors' doors and leave their caps, hats or a little basket waiting for candies, pastry and nuts.

Young men place handkerchiefs under the doors of their beloved ones. If the man's feeling is reciprocal, the girl should put sweets into the handkerchief.

Novruz in Azerbaijan is associated with the beautiful green color and is symbolized by the growing of "samani".

A few weeks before Novruz, women take wheat seeds, water them and sing the traditional song 'Samani, protect me, and I will grow you every year.'

It is traditional to plant a tree on Novruz. One of the golden rules of Novruz is that people should not curse, lie, swear or gossip -- they should not do any bad things. It is a rule that people who have quarreled with one another should renew the relationship and forgive one another. Everyone should celebrate Novruz at their own home with family members.

An ancient Novruz tradition is to burn "uzerlik" (rue), which provides protection from the evil eye and negative energy. According to the folk tradition, at the moment the new day of the New Year arrives, you should go out of the house into the yard or stand at an open window and make a wish. Musical gatherings take place at Novruz: folk singers sing songs, public games such as the comic Kos-Kosa show are held, tightrope walkers demonstrate their skills, the wrestlers test their strength and shows are staged on public squares.

During Novruz people give each other a holiday portion called "Novruz payi". Holiday cakes, samani and candles are put on a tray and given to the neighbors and friends. Acording to the belief, the tray should not be returned empty or the house will no longer be prosperous. Benevolence and charity for those in need are also a Novruz tradition.

The number of weddings increases during Novruz. According to an ancient belief, a family started during Novruz will be happy. Babies born during the holiday are named in honor of the holiday: boys are given the name Novruz while girls are called Bahar, which means spring.

The largest samani in Azerbaijan are grown on top of the ancient Maiden Tower in Baku. A local beauty, Bahar khanim or Miss Spring, chosen by the people, lights the torch on top of the tower and welcomes Novruz.

The Novruz holiday was included into the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO in 2009 thanks to the efforts of the President of the Heydar Aliyev Foundation, UNESCO and ISESCO goodwill ambassador, First Lady Mehriban Aliyeva.

• Mehriban Aliyeva
• president Ilham Aliyev
• Novruz Holiday

Proces du 13-November : ce que ces hommes opaques ont dans la tete, par Emmanuel Carrere

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The Novruz Tuesdays

Novruz is an ancient and much-loved holiday in Azerbaijan which ushers in the new astronomical year, the beginning of spring and the renewal of nature. The actual holiday starts on 20 or 21 March but celebrations begin well before that over the last four Tuesdays leading up to Novruz. Each of the last Tuesdays has its own theme, traditions, rituals and games, as Tahir Shahbazov explains…

Based on observations of nature over long periods our ancestors divided the winter season into three parts - Boyuk chille, lasting 40 days; Kichik chille , lasting 20 days; and Boz ay, lasting 30 days. People refer to the three Tuesdays covering Kichik chille as “ Ogru charshanba” (“Thief Tuesdays” or ogru usku, ogru bug ) and the four Tuesdays covering Boz ay as Dogru charshanba (“Right Tuesdays” or dogru usku, dogru bug ). These names relate to the changes in nature happening on the eve of spring and the ancient beliefs formed in relation to them.

According to those beliefs, on “Thief Tuesdays,” coinciding with Kichik chille, the breath of spring lightly touches the air, water, soil, and trees and secretly returns to the earth. However, on “Right Tuesdays” the breath of spring soaks the air, water, trees and soil and wakes them up. On the first of these Tuesdays water is said to “get its way” (or “emerge from the chille ”), meaning that water no longer freezes, that the frost and winter no longer hold sway. On the second Tuesday, plants emerge, the soil melts the ice and snow and begins to sprout seeds, rousing the plants with its breath and steam. On the third Tuesday, trees emerge and buds slowly begin to appear. Finally, on the last Tuesday, the breath of spring stirs living creatures, warming the blood of animals, birds and humans. Nature completely comes to life and begins a new flow.

Today this process is celebrated as Water, Fire, Wind and Earth Tuesdays, which are accompanied by many ceremonies, games and rituals. According to some researchers, naming Tuesdays in this way is linked to the four elements that govern life: water, fire (the sun), wind (the air) and earth. However, others believe there are five elements rather than four and that the fifth is iron , which is sent from heaven unlike the other four which originate on earth.

The first Tuesday, called Water Tuesday, is also known in various regions of Azerbaijan as First Tuesday, Novruz of Waters, Small Tuesday, False Tuesday and Dust Tuesday . Each of these has its own meaning and rituals. It is called First Tuesday because it is the first of the Right Tuesdays and False because summer is still a long way off and can’t yet be felt. Dust Tuesday refers to the fact that people would clean their houses, clothes and carpets of dust, whilst Small Tuesday reflects that this Tuesday isn’t celebrated as much as the others.

On this Tuesday, a bonfire is constructed in yards and squares and people jump over it to cleanse themselves of all the pain, hardship and distress of the last year. In the morning people go to sources of water, such as rivers, jump over them and perform various rituals. Fresh water is thought to be medicinal and protect from diseases. People also believe that the prophet Khizir found the “water of eternal life” and that Koroghlu found the Goshabulaq spring on the First Tuesday, which offer power and strength.

The second Tuesday is Fire Tuesday. It is known in the various regions of Azerbaijan as Mujdaveran, Mujdachi or Mushtuluglu (Herald), Kule or Kul (Ash) and Xəbərçi (Messenger) . On this day people begin to feel the breath of spring, the warmer weather and start to think about the garden and planting. Ash is taken from fires made that evening and sprinkled in the garden while it is still hot, over areas to be used for planting, to wake them up. In so doing people create a symbol of warmth and express their wish for the soil to emerge from hibernation.

People believe that the sun (or fire) is a symbol of life, creation, wealth, power, strength, light and glory. Fire is also thought to heal illnesses, drive away evil forces and ease hardship, which meant people used to perceive it as a gift from God and worshipped it. According to some, on the territory of Azerbaijan in the distant past the holidays of Sadda and Azarkan in honour of the sun (fire) were celebrated 50 days before Novruz with celebrations of the fires burning in temples and hearths. In those times it was traditional to make sacrifices to the sun early on the morning of Fire Tuesday. Some say that the sacrifices were brown horses, believing that this brought happiness and good fortune.

Phrases like “I swear by fire,” “I swear by the sun,” “I swear by the light” and “may your hearth never go out” are still used by Azerbaijanis today.

The third Tuesday is called Wind Tuesday, Windy Tuesday or Breezy Tuesday. On this Tuesday the soil and earth were believed to warm up and flowers to raise their heads. The cold and warm winds blowing on Wind Tuesday signal the coming spring; the slumbering wind has woken up, starts blowing and stirs water and fire. The changing nature of the wind during the day is perceived as the wind cleansing itself.

People also refer to Wind Tuesday as Fathers’ Tuesday, Ancestors’ Tuesday or Black Tuesday . During this evening everyone, including those living in other cities and regions, return to their home village or town to visit the graves of their relatives and loved ones. There they say prayers for them and place flaming torches on their graves. A traditional khoncha (a large tray of sweets such as gogal, shakarbura and baklava, as well as nuts, eggs and candles) is also prepared and placed on the graves.

The last of the Right Tuesdays is Earth Tuesday, mostly celebrated as the Last Tuesday or the End-of-year Tuesday in the various regions of Azerbaijan. The process of waking up, revival and coming to life that started a month before is thought to culminate on Earth Tuesday.

The Last Tuesday differs from others in its importance and grandeur. This Tuesday is not just a holiday, but also Azerbaijanis’ favourite and most sacred day of the year, when they demonstrate the best of their characteristics - benevolence, hospitality, humanity and others. On this Tuesday fires are made like on all the others and the Tuesday khoncha is prepared. Ceremonies, games and entertainment are performed to ease and cleanse and provide the psychological and aesthetic foundation for a new spirit in the new year.

All family members, regardless of where they live and the distance between them gather at the family home and celebrate the holiday together. As a sign of this unity and solidarity, in every house candles should be lit for every family member. Everyone chooses a candle and makes a wish and whoever’s candle burns longest will have their wish come true.

The Last Tuesday feast is also very rich. In some regions of Azerbaijan it is called Loyun, Lavin, Yeddiloyun, Yeddilavin and sometimes Yeddisin (meaning “Types” and “Seven types” respectively). The names are significant – people believe there should be seven boons (goods) on the Last Tuesday table and their names should all begin with the letter “S” in Azerbaijani: for example, water ( su ), wheat shoots ( samani ), ears of wheat ( sunbul ), sumac ( sumag ), onion ( sogan ), garlic ( sarimsag ) and sulag.

On the night of the Last Tuesday sacks of wheat and flour and other food containers are left open. According to tradition, goods are distributed during the night and if the sacks are closed then people may not receive their share. Families make fires and add rue ( uzarlik ) and thorn bushes to the wood to ward off evil forces - guardians and protectors of winter, the cold and frost that will try to extinguish the fire and prevent the revival of nature.

Jumping over fire is a feature of this Tuesday too, only it isn’t just performed by people but by cattle and sheep as well, in order to rid them of hardship from the old year. The abundant feast is also purified on the fire and marriageable girls perceive the Last Tuesday fire as a magical force granting good fortune, which is reflected in the song they sing when jumping over it:

Let my difficulties go away,

Let them burn in the fire,

Let the fire burn,

Let my good fortune awaken.

The ash from the Last Tuesday fire is sprinkled over the four corners of the house to attract abundance and drive away evil spirits.

Games & rituals

The Last Tuesday also involves a broad range of games, performances and rituals. The “ear divination” game has a deep educational, moral and psychological meaning. People, particularly young girls, take a cup of water, a mirror and a key, make a wish and approach their neighbours’ doors to discover if their wish will come true in the next year or not. They put their ear to the door, secretly listen in to conversations inside the house and interpret the first word they hear in relation to their wish. If there is a correlation between the words they hear and their wish, it means the wish will come true. As a result, on the Last Tuesday people try to talk positively in their homes, so that those listening in won’t get upset. The water encourages safe passage, the mirror - bright life and the key - that wishes will come true.

In Papaqatdı , young people knock at the door, throw their hats down and hide. The homeowner finds the hat, fills it with Tuesday gifts and places it back outside the door for its owner to come and collect it.

Marriageable girls carry out another ritual to test their fortune: they stand in front of their houses with their backs to the yard and throw their right shoes with their right hands back over the right shoulder. In the morning they look to see the position of the shoe on the ground; it is believed that if the toe is pointing towards the road and the heel towards the house the owner will soon receive good news, for example that they will get married.

One of the most interesting rituals is Danatma , mainly performed by young girls and boys, who gather in separate homes and have fun throughout the night with interesting conversations, stories and jokes and singing songs. But they mustn’t fall asleep. If someone falls asleep, their clothes will be sewn to the carpet as punishment for all the singing, chatting and dancing and their wishes won’t come true. By contrast, the first person to see the first signs of morning will have success in the new year.

During the game Xanbazama (“adorning the khan ”) people gather in squares, dress the person chosen to play the khan and seat him on a throne. Two boys wave fans at him and a chosen vizier and advocate stand to his left and right. Appointed servants and an executioner dressed in red stand ready for the khan’s orders. The khan gives unusual orders which must then be carried out unconditionally. Kosa, the bald fool, tries to make the khan laugh through a series of funny acts. If the khan laughs, he is removed from the throne, thrown into water and a new khan is chosen. The performance lasts for hours.

Young people and children also enjoy games such as dasmalatdi (throwing kerchief), shalsallama (shaking the shawl), gurshagatdi (throwing the belt) and gurshagsallama (shaking the belt). Kosa-Kosa, Chovgan (polo), Fincan-Fincan (cups), Gashig oyunu (game with spoons) and clashing eggs.

Water & trees

Rituals with water and mirrors are also widespread. Those that believe water is cleansed on the Last Tuesday empty water containers the following morning before sunrise and congregate at sources of flowing water. They jump over the water and wash their hands and face. They sing songs glorifying the water’s sacredness and power and play various games. Everyone takes some of this newly cleansed water home and sprinkles it in the house, the yard, the stable, the tandir (oven) to bring luck and abundance in the new year. People also bring tiny stones from the rivers and streams and put them near flour, bread and oil containers as a symbol of abundance, and they don’t touch them again until the next Novruz.

Other rituals involve trees, such as Agajgorkhutma (scaring the tree). When a fruit tree hasn’t borne fruit the tree is considered frozen. To unfreeze it, early on the Tuesday morning the owner of the garden goes to the tree with an axe and declares angrily:

Oh fruitless tree, why do I need you? I will cut you down!

He approaches the tree, raises the axe and lightly strikes the tree to make it flinch. At this moment someone else, most commonly a respected old man, stops him and says:

Hey, don’t cut the tree. I guarantee that this tree will bear fruit from now on.

Then, a family member pours sweet water over its roots and puts sweets and samani under the tree. A fire is made in the garden for its smoke to embrace and protect the tree from illness and help it to produce healthy fruit.

One of the main symbols of the Last Tuesday is the egg, which is considered the defining feature of the holiday feast and khonchas. Eggs are symbolic for two reasons: because eggs are painted to represent the seasons - the natural white colour as winter, green for spring, red for summer and yellow for autumn – and because the round form of the egg and its shell are also symbols of the earth - the outer casing as air, the egg white as water and the yoke as the sun. This egg-based concept of the world was significant in the beliefs of the Zoroastrian religion.

On the evening of Last Tuesday people put an egg in the wardrobe together with red and black paint and make a wish. In the morning, if the egg has red spots it signals good luck and that wishes will come true, while black spots on the egg are interpreted as a sign of misfortune.

The Novruz Tuesday traditions, rituals and entertainment have an important role in the culture of Azerbaijan. They are rooted in the distant past and reflected in historical and archaeological findings such as the rock drawings of Qobustan. Like those rock carvings, these ancient traditions, still performed over the four Tuesdays in the month leading up to Novruz, reflect the thoughts, philosophy and visions of the ancient peoples living on the territory of Azerbaijan regarding nature, art and life.

About the author: Tahir Shahbazov works at the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Science and has written many articles on the ethnology of Azerbaijan.

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Navruz - the New Year by the natural calendar

The name of Navruz (which is translated from Farsi as ‘the new day’) speaks for itself: it is a new life, new garments, the awakening of the nature after the long winter sleep, a bright sun and people’s happy smiles. Navruz is more than a holiday. The popular belief says, “He who celebrates and has fun on the day of Navruz will spend his life cheerfully until the next Navruz celebration”. People dance, sing ritual songs and enjoy themselves, happily receiving the spring and making presents to their relatives and friends, as well as to other people, orphans and the poor, who are in need of help.

The Navruz holiday appeared at the time when written language did not yet exist and when the cult of the Sun was only beginning to form among the farmers. Navruz gained the official status of a Zoroastrian holiday in the Achaemenian Empire, in 648-330 BC.

The holiday is actually celebrated for several days, with the first day, 21 March, being the main day . On this day people cook festal meals, the principal dishes being khalisa and sumalak (a wheat bran pudding) cooked only once a year, for Navruz, to which they treat their friends, relatives and all who happen to visit them at this time. Khalisa is cooked of seven cereals and meat, all of which are boiled into a homogeneous substance. Sumalak is ritual dish based on sprouting wheat grains. People begin to cook these complex meals one day before the holiday. All women of a large family or a community gather around big cauldrons and stir the substance for a whole night, in turns, in order that it does not get burnt on a fire kept up with wood.

The composition of haft sina is one of the traditional Navruz rituals. The holiday table must have on it seven (‘haft’) foods, the names of which begin with the Persian letter ‘sin’: rue seeds (‘siland’), apples (‘seb’), black seeds (‘siahdane’), wild olives (‘sanjid’), vinegar (‘sirke’), garlic (‘sir’) and sprouting grains (‘sabzi’).

For the next 13 days that follow 21 March people visit their relatives, neighbours and friends, organise joyful festivities , holiday bazaars and sports competitions , plant young trees and start working in the field.

People believe that angels descend upon the earth on the days of Navruz to bring the people wealth and make them happy. However, they visit only those homes filled with peace and harmony, which is why people try to forget about hostility, grievances and others’ debts.

And it is not quite clear, whether it is Navruz or the warm spring sun that makes people actually brighter and kinder , but they really become so, and each longs to return to their roots, feeling happy at seeing new green grass and the smallest awakening bugs, in a word, loving with all their heart their own life and the New one that is just beginning around them. Is this not magic?..

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How to Write an Essay on 'My Favorite Holiday and Why': 3 Best Examples

Choosing a favorite holiday can be an enjoyable yet challenging task. Whether it’s Christmas, Thanksgiving, Diwali, or any other holiday, each person has their own unique reasons for why a particular holiday holds special meaning to them. This article will guide you through the process of writing an engaging and thoughtful essay about your favorite holiday. With practical tips and three comprehensive examples, you'll be ready to wow your readers.

• What is a Holiday Essay?

A holiday essay is a piece of writing that explores the significance of a specific holiday in the writer's life. It reflects personal experiences, traditions, and emotions related to the holiday. This type of essay can be both informative and narrative, often combining descriptive elements to create a vivid and heartwarming account of why the holiday is meaningful.

• Why Write About Your Favorite Holiday?

Writing about your favorite holiday allows you to celebrate and reflect on what makes that time of year special to you. It also offers an opportunity to share your unique traditions and memories with others, fostering a sense of connection and understanding. Whether for a school assignment, a personal blog, or a festive newsletter, this type of essay can be both enjoyable and impactful to write.

Tips for Writing a 'My Favorite Holiday and Why' Essay

Before diving into examples, here are some tips to keep in mind while crafting your essay:

1. Choose Your Holiday Wisely

Focus on a holiday that holds special significance for you. It could be a well-known holiday like Christmas or Hanukkah, or a more personal celebration such as a family reunion or cultural festival.

2. Use Descriptive Language

Paint a vivid picture for your readers by using descriptive language to convey sights, sounds, smells, and emotions associated with the holiday.

3. Share Personal Stories

Include specific anecdotes or memories that highlight why the holiday is meaningful to you. Personal stories make your essay relatable and engaging.

4. Structure Your Essay

A well-structured essay typically includes an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Ensure each section flows smoothly into the next.

5. Reflect on the Holiday's Impact

Discuss how the holiday has influenced your life or shaped your values. This adds depth to your essay and helps readers understand your perspective.

• Example 1: Christmas - A Time of Joy and Reflection

Introduction

Christmas has always been my favorite holiday. The magic of twinkling lights, the aroma of freshly baked cookies, and the joyous sounds of carolers singing fill my heart with warmth and nostalgia. Every year, I eagerly anticipate the arrival of December, as it brings with it a sense of togetherness and reflection.

Body Paragraphs

History and traditions.

Christmas is celebrated on December 25th and commemorates the birth of Jesus Christ. Growing up in a household that cherished this holiday, we followed many traditions that made it special. Decorating the tree with handmade ornaments, attending midnight mass, and exchanging gifts were just a few of the customs that made Christmas magical.

Personal Memories

Some of my fondest childhood memories revolve around Christmas. I remember waking up early on Christmas morning, filled with excitement as I ran downstairs to find a dazzling display of presents under the tree. The entire day was spent with family, laughing, sharing stories, and indulging in a delicious feast prepared with love.

The Spirit of Giving

One aspect of Christmas that I hold dear is the spirit of giving. This holiday taught me the importance of generosity and compassion. Every year, my family participated in charity events, donating toys and food to those in need. These experiences instilled in me a sense of empathy and a desire to give back to the community.

Christmas is more than just a holiday; it is a time of joy, reflection, and unity. The traditions and memories associated with this celebration have shaped my values and continue to bring me happiness each year. Christmas will always hold a special place in my heart, as it represents the true essence of love and togetherness.

• Example 2: Thanksgiving - A Celebration of Gratitude

Thanksgiving is a holiday that holds immense significance for me. Celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November, it is a time to express gratitude and appreciate the blessings in our lives. The essence of Thanksgiving lies in gathering with loved ones, sharing a hearty meal, and reflecting on what we are thankful for.

Historical Background

Thanksgiving traces its origins to the early 17th century when the Pilgrims and Native Americans came together to celebrate a successful harvest. Today, it has evolved into a national holiday that emphasizes the importance of gratitude, family, and community.

Family Traditions

In my family, Thanksgiving is a day filled with cherished traditions. We start the day with the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, a vibrant spectacle of floats, balloons, and performances. The afternoon is spent preparing a sumptuous feast, with everyone contributing their favorite dishes. The highlight of the meal is the turkey, accompanied by an array of sides like stuffing, cranberry sauce, and pumpkin pie.

A Time for Reflection

What makes Thanksgiving truly special for me is the emphasis on gratitude. Before we dig into the delicious meal, we gather around the table and each person shares something they are thankful for. This simple act of reflection fosters a sense of appreciation and reminds us of the many blessings in our lives.

Thanksgiving is a celebration of gratitude and togetherness. The traditions and values associated with this holiday have left a lasting impact on me, encouraging me to recognize and appreciate the good in my life. Each year, I look forward to this special day, as it serves as a beautiful reminder of the importance of gratitude and family.

• Example 3: Diwali - The Festival of Lights

Diwali, also known as the Festival of Lights, is my favorite holiday. Celebrated by millions of people around the world, Diwali is a time of joy, prosperity, and new beginnings. The dazzling display of lights, the sound of bursting firecrackers, and the aroma of festive sweets make Diwali a truly magical experience.

Significance and Traditions

Diwali is celebrated in honor of Lord Rama's return to Ayodhya after defeating the demon king Ravana. It symbolizes the triumph of light over darkness and good over evil. Our celebrations include lighting oil lamps, decorating the house with colorful rangoli, and performing religious rituals to seek blessings from the deities.

Personal Celebrations

My family's Diwali celebrations are a blend of traditional practices and modern festivities. We start the day with a thorough cleaning of the house to welcome prosperity. In the evening, we dress in new clothes and gather for a puja (prayer) ceremony, followed by a grand feast featuring a variety of festive dishes.

The Joy of Togetherness

Diwali is a time for family and friends to come together and celebrate. The highlight of the evening is the exchange of gifts and sweets, symbolizing goodwill and affection. The night sky is illuminated with fireworks, creating a spectacular display that brings joy to everyone.

Diwali is more than just a festival; it is a celebration of light, hope, and unity. The traditions and memories associated with Diwali have a special place in my heart, reminding me of the importance of family, faith, and togetherness. This festival will always be my favorite, as it embodies the true spirit of joy and celebration.

Writing an essay on 'My Favorite Holiday and Why' provides an opportunity to share your personal experiences and the significance of a cherished celebration. By choosing a holiday that holds special meaning, using descriptive language, and reflecting on the holiday's impact, you can create a compelling and heartfelt essay. The examples provided above demonstrate different approaches to writing about Christmas, Thanksgiving, and Diwali, each highlighting the unique traditions and personal connections that make these holidays special. Use these examples as a guide to craft your own essay, capturing the essence of your favorite holiday and why it means so much to you.

How to Write an Essay on 'My Favorite Season and Why': 3 Best Examples

Writing about 'My Favorite Season and Why' allows you to delve into personal reflections and vivid descriptions. Discover tips and examples to craft an engaging seasonal essay that captivates readers. Embrace the beauty of your favorite time of year and start writing today!

How to Write an Essay on My Favorite Animal and Why: 3 Best Examples

Writing about your favorite animal can be both fun and enlightening. Dive into essential tips and inspiring examples that help you craft an essay expressing your admiration and personal connection.

30 ‘In Conclusion’ Synonyms and How To Use Them Write Better Essays

A strong closing section is essential for any essay. Whether you’re writing an argumentative essay, an exposition, or a narrative essay, the conclusion needs to be one of the most impactful parts of your writing. If you’re looking at ‘in conclusion’ synonyms, then you likely need some help with crafting an impactful summary section.

• Tips for Writing a 'My Favorite Holiday and Why' Essay