is a psychology phd worth it reddit

Should You Pursue a Psychology Doctorate?

Questions to help you decide, and how to make the most of a psy.d. or ph.d..

Posted January 23, 2021 | Reviewed by Ekua Hagan

Especially in a weak job market, it’s tempting to go back to school, including all the way to a doctorate. That may be especially so in clinical psychology specialties, in which an oversupply of job candidates allows employers to ratchet-up hiring requirements. If only because a doctorate is a quite unassailable hiring criterion, it’s often used.

If your aim is private practice, a doctorate may be less helpful in getting clients. While some prospective clients will be swayed by those letters next to your name, being referred by friends, your competence displayed in an initial phone call and sessions, and, alas, marketing may be more central.

Increased employability is, of course, but one factor to consider before committing the time and money to a doctorate.

Should you do it?

Yes, most people should consider the extent to which your employability would improve. If you’re currently employed, would a doctorate get you a significant promotion and raise? How much do you care about those? If you’re unemployed, a doctorate will improve your employability but also important will be whether you’ve made the most of the program. (See this article's final section.)

It’s not all about utility. Do you think you’d enjoy the doctoral education experience, even if the first year or so will be partly or completely virtual? It’s a mistake to decide based on your past college experience, especially if it’s been a while since you’ve been in school.

On the upside, you’re likely more mature and have had more life experience onto which to hang academic learning. On the downside, many older students, even if just in their 30s, find it harder to learn and retain, in part just because they may have family, job, and other activities that take time away from studying.

So, rather than look backward, project forward into the years you’d be in graduate school. What’s your guess as to how much benefit and pleasure you’d derive from the process?

Consider the opportunity cost. If you didn’t spend the time and money on graduate school, what would be a wise use of those years and funds: self-study, apprenticing, doing your current job well, and networking to increase the chances of a more interesting career ?

Choosing where to apply

First, decide whether to go for a Ph.D. or a Psy.D. The Ph.D. of course is better known if only because it’s been around longer. That also contributes to the Ph.D. being seen by the public as more prestigious. In fact, the key differentiator between Ph.D. and Psy.D. is that the Ph.D. focuses on preparing researchers while the Psy.D. prepares practitioners. Of course, many people with Ph.D.s also practice but if your goal is to be a practitioner, all factors equal, consider trading the sizzle of the Ph.D. for the steak of the Psy.D.

Of course, all Ph.D. programs nor Psy.D. programs are alike. For example, each has a primary orientation, perhaps psychodynamic, behavioral, or physiological. Individual professors may be expert in anything from autism to zoophilia.

It’s usually wise to pick a tentative specialty before or during the process of investigating where to apply. Of course, that will ensure that you apply to schools with strength in your prospective specialization. But it will also enhance your admissibility. Most programs get many more applicants than they admit, and a key selection criterion is the extent of fit between the program's strengths and the student's desires. So if you can articulate your being a particularly good fit, your admissibility will improve.

Tip: In reviewing prospective programs, if you find a professor with a specialty of interest, read one of his or her not-technical articles, and if you continue to be intrigued by the specialty, the professor, and the overall program, write an email to the professor explaining that. Ask if you might chat during office hours to discuss the program.

At such a discussion, if it goes well, you might even say that if admitted, you'd welcome becoming that professor’s advisee or even research assistant. Many professors crave acolytes, if only because they provide free or cheap labor on their research projects. That could result in the professor recommending you be admitted.

Which school?

Among programs that admitted you, how well-suited is it to you, ideologically and geographically. Most graduates end up getting a job in that locale, so you may be there longer than just your school years. How good is the financial aid offer? What do external reviews say about the program? GraduatePrograms.com seems to have the most student ratings.

And then there's the prestige factor. Alas, we live in a designer-label society. So "Harvard" will open more career doors than No-Name State even if the latter's program is excellent and better-suited.

Making the most of the program

Your advisor is key. Perhaps as important as the professor's specialization is his or her desire and ability to mentor you and to open career doors for you. If you're not happy with your advisor, change — usually the earlier the better so there's less resentment and more time to bond with your new advisor. Try to establish a relationship with one or more other faculty members: During office hours and via email, ask thoughtful academic and career questions.

Adapt the assigned papers and projects to suit your career goal and personal interests. Usually, the professor will grant your request if it is well reasoned. And select topics for your oral and written exams and dissertation with the same care.

Fieldwork is key if you're aiming toward a clinical rather than research career. If you don't like the placement or supervisor, request a new one. Sometimes, you can even search out and propose a great fit placement that you've unearthed.

The takeaway

In a crowded field like psychology, success typically requires differentiation from the crowd. A doctorate in which you've made career-building choices can be that differentiator.

I read this aloud on YouTube.

The other articles in this series on making major life decisions can be found here.

Marty Nemko, Ph.D ., is a career and personal coach based in Oakland, California, and the author of 10 books.

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Psy.D. Vs. Ph.D.: Which Is The Right Fit For You?

Updated: Jan 2, 2024, 3:22pm

Committing to a Ph.D. or a Psy.D. program can have a significant impact on your career path. Both will prepare you for a career in psychology , but there are significant differences between the two programs you should know about. In general, a Ph.D. in psychology focuses more on research and a Psy.D. focuses on practical application.

While both programs can lead to becoming a licensed psychologist , taking a closer look at what each degree track will provide will help you determine whether a Ph.D. or Psy.D. is best for you.

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What Is a Ph.D. in Psychology?

A Ph.D. in psychology, or a Doctor of Philosophy in psychology, is a doctoral degree that primarily focuses on training students in scientific research. Compared to a Psy.D, the Ph.D. is more common and can be found at many public and private universities.

Students in a Ph.D. in psychology program can expect to obtain and build on the knowledge and skills within general psychology or in a concentration. The American Psychological Association (APA) has an extensive list of subfields that range from clinical psychology to climate and environmental psychology.

Benefits of a Ph.D. in Psychology

A significant benefit of a Ph.D. in psychology is that it offers more financial aid options. Many programs offer scholarships, teaching assistantships or even full or partial tuition remission to cover expenses. Some programs also have research grants and fellowships that are sponsored by government agencies and private companies that you can apply for and become part of a research team.

Another benefit is that some programs offer training in both applied practice and in research, rather than focusing heavily on application as a Psy.D. program would. Having dual training may provide you more opportunities on the job market.

What Is a Psy.D.?

A Psy.D., or a Doctor of Psychology, is also a doctoral degree that focuses on application. A Psy.D. program prepares students to provide services for patients and clients, rather than a focus on research.

Unlike a Ph.D., Psy.D. programs are often found in professional schools of psychology that may be university-based, free-standing or in medical or health and science institutions.

Benefits of a Psy.D.

While a Psy.D. may not have the same financial benefits of a Ph.D. program, a Psy.D. will give you more experience with patients earlier in your program. Candidates will often begin coursework and clinical training in the first year of their program.

A Psy.D. program, such as one for aspiring clinical psychologists , features an intensive focus on client-focused skills. Courses can include supervision and consultation, treatment and assessment and other classes that will cover disorders.

In some Psy.D. programs, you may be expected to complete a doctoral-level research project instead of a dissertation.

What to Consider When Choosing a Program

The first consideration you should make when choosing a program is the kind of work you want to pursue post-graduation. Do you want to do research or teach? Do you want to provide services to clients and patients?

Here are some considerations you should make when making the big decision.

Look at Time Spent in School

Both Ph.D. and Psy.D. programs require a heavy investment of your time in school. Programs often require applicants to have an undergraduate and master’s degree. However, some programs have combined master’s and doctorate degrees, reducing years of education and allowing students to enter the workforce sooner.

Students can expect to spend five years in school before obtaining a degree, with four years of coursework and one year of internship. Many candidates, however, take between five to seven years to graduate.

Find Your Focus

Your academic focus and concentration choice may sway your decision in applying for one doctoral degree over the other.

Concentrations in a Psy.D program are typically in clinical, counseling, school or industrial-organizational psychology . In contrast, the options of subfields within a Ph.D. program are more broad and focus heavily on research and experimentation to build knowledge within a discipline.

Consider Your Career Path

Considering your career path or interests will help you decide whether a Ph.D. or Psy.D. is right for you. While the most familiar psychology careers are commonly found in education and healthcare, psychologists are needed in other industries, such as business and technology. These in-demand specialties contribute to high psychologist salaries .

Accreditation

Accreditation of your Ph.D. or Psy.D. program ensures that your program is recognized by the governing bodies for licensure. While completing an accredited program will not guarantee you employment or licensure, it will equip you with necessary skills and knowledge.

The APA has a tool to help students find accredited doctoral programs, as well as internships and postdoctoral residencies across the country.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What can you do with psy.d..

A Psy.D. focuses on working directly with patients to provide psychological services. For example, a clinical Psy.D. will prepare students to provide mental and behavioral healthcare to individuals and families across all demographics and over individuals’ lifespans.

Which psychology field is most in-demand?

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics projects strong job growth for psychologists from 2022 to 2032, with a 6% increase overall. Clinical and counseling psychologists will see the highest demand, with an expected growth rate of 11%, followed by industrial-organizational psychologists at 6%.

How long does it take to earn a Ph.D. in psychology?

Many Ph.D. programs project a five year completion time. However, many students can take upwards of seven years.

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Amy Bucher, Ph.D.

Applied Behavioral Science for Health and Well-Being

Should I Get a PhD in Psychology?

Before I get started, keep in mind that PhD programs differ quite a bit between disciplines. If you’re thinking of getting a degree in engineering or English, your program might look a lot different from mine, so keep your grain of salt handy.

You might want to get a PhD in psychology if . . .

You want a job or career that requires a PhD. This one seems like a no-brainer, but not everyone thinks it through. In general, working as an academic in an R1 institution  (that is, a tenure-track professor role that includes both teaching and research) will require a PhD. It’s possible to get a college teaching job at a community college or liberal arts school with a master’s degree, although my guess is that this is getting increasingly competitive as PhD programs graduate new doctors faster than the academic job market can bear . Likewise, it’s possible to work in academic research (particularly in a lab manager or coordinator role) without a PhD, but these roles are not plentiful in the social sciences.

If you are interested in counseling psychology, it may not be necessary to get a PhD. PhDs in clinical psychology who receive their license (through additional training and internships) are qualified to counsel patients, but so are social workers (LMSWs), psychiatrists (MDs), and many other types of professionals. I’d recommend the PhD for someone who wants to counsel patients but is also interested in conducting and consuming research on mental health and treatment.

You can also use a PhD in psychology in a number of non-academic fields. I work in a blended role where I conduct and apply research on motivation and behavior change to health technology. Other psychologists I know work in market research and consumer insights, human resources data analytics, product development, and strategy consulting. A PhD in psychology typically comes with strong research design and analysis skills that can be creatively applied in a number of fields, although you may need to do some work to help others see that connection.

You are comfortable with intellectual uncertainty.  The more you know, the more you become aware of all you don’t know. A doctoral education is a fast way to figure out all of the many, many gaps in your knowledge. Being successful in graduate school requires getting comfortable with the idea that you will never know everything, that there is rarely an easy black-or-white answer to questions, and that your hardest work may not be in acquiring knowledge, but in sorting through it and organizing it. If you’re the type of person who loves puzzling through huge volumes of sometimes contradictory information, you will enjoy grad school more than someone who prefers just enough information to make a basically correct conclusion.

You love learning and sharing what you’ve learned.   This is a corollary to being comfortable with shades of gray. A colleague of mine once told me he can recognize people who have PhDs by their outlook when presented with a problem. He said, they’re the ones who will dive into researching and reading and figuring out the problem and want to discuss it and think about it.

You have a big but resilient ego.  On the one hand, it’s hard to make it through grad school if you don’t believe in your own intellectual abilities. It’s especially important to have a healthy ego because grad school also consists of being constantly beaten down. That sounds fun, doesn’t it? But in all seriousness, the volume of work required, the depth of feedback given, and the level of competition encountered in grad school all wear down on you over time. Add to that the many rejections and set-backs that everyone encounters during grad school, including paper and conference rejections, grades or exam scores below goal, and funding crises, and it takes a resilient soul to make it through. And it takes a big ego to keep submitting the next paper, exam, or grant application after the last rejection.

This is not to imply that grad school will not also make you more resilient. It will. You will learn a lot of strategies for coping with tough days and nights, and you’ll find enduring friendship in the trenches.

Some cautions . . .

If you want to be rich, a PhD is not a quick win.  You can definitely make a very nice living with a psychology PhD, in several different types of jobs. But grad school is expensive–even if you have a stipend to cover your costs, you will not be earning enough money to save, and you may additionally be acquiring loans. Because grad school living is so lean, I am glad I went right after my undergraduate, while I was still used to having no money (although I have friends who worked between undergrad and grad school and were glad to have some savings).

Many PhD programs include a master’s degree as part of their curriculum. I’ve met people who pursued a master’s degree as a way to test the waters for a PhD program. In general, I recommend against this. Many, if not all, PhD programs in psychology include a master’s degree as the conclusion of the first few years of coursework, and I’ve never heard of a program that lets someone skip those first few years based on a prior master’s. The people I know who tested the PhD waters by getting a master’s are now people with two master’s.

PhD programs take a while.  My grad school program, like many psychology PhD programs, was approximately five years long and included two years of coursework toward the master’s along with ongoing research requirements and at least four semesters of undergraduate teaching. Students pursuing a clinical license also have to do an internship on top of these other requirements.

People will be weird to you if you get a PhD in psychology.  First, if you get any PhD, some people will want to comment on your intelligence level (at least they assume it’s high!), which I find awkward. Second, if your PhD is in psychology, prepare for comments like:

• “Do you know what I’m thinking right now?” (Answer: No, that’s psychic, not psychologist.)
• “Are you psychoanalyzing me right now?” (Answer: No, I’m not that type of psychologist, but even if I were, I wouldn’t be doing my job for fun right now.)
• “So you must know everything that’s wrong with me.” (Response: Well, I know you don’t really know what a psychologist does.)

Joking aside, I think the PhD can intimidate people at times, so be prepared for those reactions and ready to either use them to your advantage or alleviate them with humor and humility.

It’s up to you.

Like I said, I can’t tell anyone whether a PhD in psychology is right for them. The decision has to be one you own. Grad school is hard and long, but also filled with many adventures and pockets of joy. I am so glad that I went and earned my PhD. I wouldn’t have my career and the opportunities it provides if I hadn’t, and I would never have met many of the people who are the most important in my life. If you want to take on this onerous journey, you have to really want it; but if you do, I promise you’ll have some good times on the way.

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4 thoughts on “ Should I Get a PhD in Psychology? ”

I’m in my last year of my undergrad in psych. In 27 and have 2 kids. I want to pursue a degree where I can do what I enjoy, and make money. I’m worried about another 7 years in school for a PhD and was told there isn’t much for me with a masters in clinical psychology. I had looked into LCSW, but was not sure if I would be content selling short my dream/goal. Can I counsel, and still do research with a masters? Or am I better with an LCSW?

Admittedly, clinical practice is not my area of expertise. However, I do know people who have counseled with an MA and I also know several people with LCSWs. Both seem like good options if you’re interested in the clinical piece.

I’m not sure about the research part–I’d imagine that depends on where you end up working as a counselor. In a university or health system setting, it seems to me that should be possible. The PhD does make research more feasible as it sets you up to run a lab (assuming you go into academia or a research-focused company).

I was very influenced by the idea that even if something takes a long time, that time will still pass and at the end of it you could have done the thing or not. There have been a few times it’s helped me make choices that seem like they take a lot of time and commitment.

I’m interested in what you decide! I am sure you will find a way to do what makes you happy while making money.

Hi Amy! Thank you so much for your posts. I’ve been STRUGGLING with the decision of whether or not to apply to graduate school for a PhD in Social Psychology. To be frank, I don’t feel qualified to apply and I’m unsure if my reasons for wanting to go to graduate school are good ones. I’m no longer an undergrad student so opportunities to work in a lab has been impossible without at least a Master’s.

A little bit about me: I graduated from undergrad in 2015. I did work as a research assistant for a couple of months, but I mainly invested my time working full-time to pay for school. I liked working in a lab but it was in Human Development & Nutrition, so I often found myself watching the dynamics and social interactions between the family members rather than watching what I was tasked to focus on (whoops). I graduated with decent grades (3.75) with two majors (Communication & Psychology) and a minor (Latin – I love languages). I have a lot of supervising and training work experience from my job, and I would like to continue working in a training/educational capacity (so not really interested in being in academia).

The reason I want to study Social Psychology at the Doctoral level is because I have SO many questions on topics like resilience & life stories. As a trainer & supervisor, I would witness people crumble and thrive in the face of obstacles and (as a person who has the tendency to crumble) I would wonder: “What do resilient people do differently? How can the way we view our life stories change how resilient we are in the face of life challenges? What about in the context of training for a new position? How can programs be created to take into account differing personalities and stories?” Another reason is because I’ve read so many personal development books but I couldn’t help but think: “This is nice but show me the research behind it. I want to see it tested and understand why it works.” Not really sure if those are good enough reasons to apply.

Overall, I want to be able to take research on resilience and make it more applicable and accessible. I want to create workshops & train people on resilience & life stories (possibly do something similar to life coaching), but I’m not sure if that’s a good enough reason to apply or if I should probably go about it through another route.

I apologize for the long comment, but you’re website has been the only helpful website I have found on this topic!

Thank you for the kind comments!

As for applying–it can’t hurt to look at a few programs and see if you can’t find one that feels like a good fit. Having served on the admissions committee while in grad school (we were all required to give a year in service), I can tell you that your passion and curiosity will matter. Maybe you can find a few names of professors or grad students at schools that interest you working on resilience and grit and reach out to them for an informational interview (you may have better luck with grad students).

The other thing you could try to do is find a non-academic research job that lets you explore your questions. Agencies are a good place to look. Many big companies are also bringing behavior change teams in-house.

I’d love to know what you end up doing!

Comments are closed.

• Jul 22, 2022
• 11 min read

Is a PhD Worth It? The Pros and Cons of Getting a Doctorate

To get a PhD or not to get a PhD? That is the question.

Valerie David

Lifestyle and Career Expert

Reviewed by Hayley Ramsey

Entering the job market for the first time can be a stressful experience, especially if you don't feel completely prepared. When deciding how to take those first steps toward your ultimate career , and how to give yourself a chance at the best jobs, you may find yourself asking: “Should I do a PhD?”.

While academics looking forward to a life of learning may consider this a no-brainer, there are important factors for everyone to consider. Finances, job prospects and quality of life issues can greatly affect the success of furthering your education.

To help you decide if the time and effort of a PhD is worth it, here are the major benefits and disadvantages of getting that doctorate.

After four or more years of intellectual pursuits, adding a PhD may seem like overkill. Before you make your choice, let's look at all the benefits that are exclusive to earning the most advanced degree.

1. You can contribute new knowledge to the world

Embarking on a PhD programme means delving into your preferred subject in a much deeper way than you have in any of your previous studies. The beauty of this advanced degree is that it allows you to sail in uncharted waters. Your goal is to find new information, draw new conclusions and, hopefully, make a significant contribution to your field.

Your intensive research, travel, collaboration and study will lead you on an unpredictable path to telling a story that no one has heard before. For some students, this pursuit of knowledge and discovery is enough to make all the hard work of earning a PhD worth it.

2. You'll have access to more prestigious jobs

One of the key benefits of a PhD is that it opens doors to careers at the highest levels. This can include leadership positions in science and engineering, government roles in economics and political science, and prestigious teaching posts for English and arts majors. Even if an advanced degree isn't required for the job you want, that PhD can give you an extra air of authority in your field and an edge over other candidates.

Another obvious upside to continuing your postgraduate studies is that landing these powerful positions can lead to large financial rewards. Some areas of study, like medicine and the law, tend to be more lucrative, but it can also depend on the type of job. For example, a university professor or researcher post can pay well for a wide variety of disciplines. Check out sites like the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the National Careers Service to investigate potential salaries.

3. Employers look for candidates with your superior writing skills

A study arranged by the National Commission on Writing discovered that blue-chip businesses (long-standing companies with stable stock growth) are spending more than $3 billion a year on remedial writing course for current employees. This includes staff with undergraduate degrees.

So, when a hiring manager peruses your résumé and sees that you've earned a PhD, they'll know immediately that you've spent years honing your skills at compiling research, organizing mountains of data and writing about your results in a cohesive and persuasive way. This will clearly set you apart from your competition, while landing your dream job will prove that pursuing that advanced degree was worth it.

4. You'll improve on all your soft skills

While pursuing your undergraduate degree, you likely noticed that you were learning more than just the subject matter taught in each class. Completing your studies also required time management skills , focus and problem solving .

Getting a doctorate degree requires even more of the soft skills that employers look for in applicants . Your intensive study and finished thesis should lead to improvements in your problem solving, critical thinking , patience and adaptability . These desirable skills won't just help you land a job but also excel in whatever career you choose to pursue .

5. You'll collect an extensive network of professional colleagues

When weighing the pros and cons of earning a PhD, consider all the professional contacts you'll make during the course of your studies. Working closely with professors, department heads, experts in your field, as well as fellow researchers, helps you develop an important resource. This network of colleagues can provide continual assistance with references, job leads, career advice and collaboration.

6. You can wait for a more favorable job market

Job prospects may not look that promising when you've completed your undergraduate degree, or even after you've been in the workforce for a few years. While there's no guarantee things will improve after a delay, some students may appreciate the benefit of a steady graduate assistant salary while they work on enhancing their résumé with a doctorate.

If you couldn't get a good internship during or after your undergrad studies, the PhD work also gives you the time to build that professional network . These contacts could prove to be the key to breaking into a specialized or highly competitive field.

You may still be thinking about all that time and commitment and wondering, “Is a PhD worth it?”. While there are always positive results from improving your education, there are some downsides to getting your doctorate.

1. It's expensive

This is a substantial factor for many students when weighing the merits of pursuing a PhD versus entering the job market right away. If you already have student loans , continuing your education will just increase your burden and add substantial pressure when you eventually begin your job search.

If cost is a concern, investigate graduate assistant jobs that help with expenses. Some programmes offer tuition assistance in return for teaching or research work. For those who already work full time and are hoping a PhD will help them advance in their career, consider keeping that job and pursuing your studies on a part-time basis.

2. Getting a PhD can be a lonely experience

Despite your interactions with professors and other students, pursuing a doctoral degree is ultimately a solitary pursuit. Your thesis topic is unique to you, and you'll spend a lot of time alone doing research and writing. Your social life can suffer, especially if you're also working in addition to your studies.

Career experts often talk about the necessity of work-life balance for physical and mental health, and this is just as important for PhD students as anyone else. It may take you a little longer to complete your degree, but it's worth taking the time to visit family and hang out with your friends. These positive interactions can help you stay motivated through the most tedious parts of your work.

3. You'll experience extreme stress and frustration

Pursuing a PhD may seem like a noble and interesting endeavor, and extended life as a student can appear more attractive than wading into the job market. You must be aware, however, that getting a doctorate can be a very stressful and frustrating experience.

A topic that seemed intriguing at first may not live up to years of scrutiny, causing boredom at best or requiring a complete thesis change at worst. Not all programmes are well-run, either, and you may have a supervisor who is too critical, offers poor advice or is just unavailable and unhelpful.

The difficulties of a PhD programme lead to rather substantial dropout rates. In the US alone, only 57% of PhD students obtained their degree within a decade of enrolling. If you want to be in the successful half of those stats, take extra time to review your choice of supervisor and topic focus. Ask every professor you have for advice on making the right decisions and talk with current graduate students to see what their experience has been.

4. There may be limited job openings

While getting a PhD can qualify you for better and higher-paying jobs , it can also put you in a position where you're competing for an extremely limited number of job openings. This is especially true of university jobs, where the number of advanced degree graduates far outpaces the need for full-time instructors, researchers and administrators.

Earning your PhD with a very obscure thesis in a niche speciality can also limit your options. When there are only a handful of jobs that suit your expertise, and they're already occupied, it can make you feel that your doctorate was a waste of time. Consider the job market before you make decisions about getting another degree. If you're determined to study in a niche area, think ahead of time about related fields or industries where your knowledge and skills will also prove useful to employers.

5. There may be little to no financial reward

While most studies concur that having a PhD increases your income potential substantially over the lifetime of your career, it's not a guarantee of job security or a financial windfall. A study by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) found that 5 years after earning their doctorates , 45% of grads in Germany were still on temporary contracts and 13% ended up in lowly occupations.

Other European countries, including Slovakia, Belgium and Spain, had similar results. In the US, in fields like engineering, the difference in pay scales between employees with a master's degree and a PhD was a mere 7%. When that small bump in salary is weighed against the amount of debt taken on in order to get your degree, you may decide it's not worth it.

6. You could lose out on valuable job experience

New forms of technology continue to change how organizations operate, and those changes can happen fast. If you've already spent several years in school, toiling away in solitary study of obscure subjects can cause you to fall further behind in learning the skills you'll actually need for a future career.

Before you invest in getting a PhD, research your chosen field and learn which type of degree will give you the most value. Many scientific, financial and computing careers rely more on skills acquired on the job, rather than in coursework that can quickly become outdated.

Questions to ask yourself

You’ve listed out the pros and cons, but that still may not be enough to help make your decision. When it comes to a life-altering change like getting a doctorate, it’s okay to take enough time to ask yourself specific questions to ensure you’re making the right move. Consider asking yourself the following:

• Why do I want to get a PhD?
• Do I have the pre-requisites to move forward to a PhD?
• What are my strengths and limitations?
• Am I financially prepared?
• Am I mentally prepared?
• How will this affect my relationship with my family or friends?
• Where will I study?
• What am I trying to achieve?
• What jobs will be available to me after I get my PhD?
• Are there other options or avenues to consider?

Unfortunately, you may not have the answer to every one of these questions, because let’s face it, you don’t know what you don’t know. You might not know how it will affect your relationship with family or friends, but why not ask them? Reach out to those closest to you and see how you pursuing this degree could trickle down to them and allow that to play into your decision. Evaluate the answers to these questions and use it to help you make an educated decision on your future moving forward.

The best PhD degrees

If you’ve weighed out the pros and cons, asked all the important questions, and now you’re set on getting your PhD, congratulations! To help you along the way, let’s look at a list of the most valuable PhD programs to start you on your way to this degree.

• Criminal Justice
• Engineering
• Cybersecurity
• Business Administration

These fields are rapidly growing and are among the highest-paying doctorate degrees in 2022 , so they might be worth considering as you start your journey.

Key takeaways

Pursuing your PhD requires an incredible amount of commitment, and it's important to take the necessary time to make the decision. As you’re evaluating a doctorate degree, remember the following:

• Evaluate the pros and cons list right from the beginning to ensure you’re weighing out both sides of the coin.
• Ask yourself the necessary questions. A doctorate degree commitment can affect more than just you, so be sure you’re factoring that into your decision.
• Review specifically which PhD would be best for you and your field progression.
• Research your chosen field carefully and evaluate the job market before you finalize your degree choice.
• Once you’ve selected your degree, stay focused and stay driven. It’s going to be a hard few years, but it will be worth the work!

Who knows, this may prompt you to move on to postgraduate study — never stop achieving!

Have you decided to pursue your PhD, or are you still considering your options? Join us in the comments below and let us know what’s stopping or encouraging you from getting a PhD.

Originally published on July 24, 2019. Updated by Shalie Reich.

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10 Reasons to Major in Psychology

A good career begins with a good education

Why should you major in psychology? Is psychology a good career? If you've ever contemplated pursuing a psychology degree, these are questions you've probably asked yourself.

Psychology is one of the most popular college majors among undergraduate students around the world Psychology ranks as the fourth most popular major, and over 100,000 U.S. students earn a bachelor's degree in this field each year.

Why is psychology so popular? A psychology degree offers students the opportunity for personal growth and opens up a huge range of career opportunities.

At a Glance

Psychology can be an excellent choice for a college major and career for many reasons. Getting a psychology degree can open the doors to many different careers and lead you to a job that is in high demand. It can also be a great way to learn more about yourself and make a real difference in people's lives. If you are wondering if psychology is the right choice for you , consider some of the following reasons why you should major in psychology.

Prepare for a Wide Variety of Careers

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Psychology is certainly not a one-size-fits-all career choice. In fact, one of the greatest strengths of a psychology degree is the enormous variety of career paths that are available to graduates.

Students can tailor their education and degree to focus on specialty areas that appeal to their interests.

Some of these potential professions include:

• Clinical psychology
• Sports psychology
• Forensic psychology
• Health psychology
• Industrial-organizational psychology
• Human factors psychology

Learn More About Yourself and Others

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Have you ever wondered why people behave in certain ways? Or maybe you’ve always wanted to learn more about your own mind, emotions, and actions? Earning a degree in psychology is an excellent way to gain a greater understanding of people.

These Skills Are Highly Transferable

In addition to satisfying your own interest in human nature, having a solid understanding of what makes people do certain things can be a very marketable skill in a wide variety of job settings, including social services , advertising, marketing, education, health care, and politics.

Find a Job That's in Demand

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The demand for psychological services in schools, hospitals, substance abuse treatment centers, and social services agencies is expected to fuel a positive job outlook for trained professionals. Three job areas expected to be in high demand are clinical psychology, school psychology , and industrial-organizational psychology.

According to the U.S. Department of Labor’s Bureau of Labor Statistics, the employment of psychologists is expected to grow at a rate of about 6% between 2022 and 2032. This is in line with the average growth for all jobs.

Obtaining a graduate degree and getting postdoctoral work experience may give you an extra competitive edge if you want to work in a job directly related to psychology.

Enjoy Fun, Rewarding, Challenging Work

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If you love solving practical or theoretical problems, then earning a psychology degree might be a great choice for you. Some psychologists focus on developing solutions for real-world problems or helping people resolve complex emotional issues. Others delve deeper into our understanding of the human mind and behavior by conducting research and adding to the body of scientific knowledge.

Is Psychology a Good Career?

Research shows that most psychologists enjoy their work. Around 93% of psychologists in the field report feeling "somewhat" or "very satisfied" with their careers.

Make a Difference in People’s Lives

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If you’ve ever dreamed of making a real difference in other people's lives, earning a psychology degree can be an effective way to achieve that goal. Psychologists, counselors, therapists, and community services workers devote their time and energy to helping people overcome adversity, increase their well-being, and realize their full potential.

While this type of work can be emotionally demanding and stressful at times, it can also be very fulfilling.

Record, Analyze, and Interpret Data

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Psychology students spend a great deal of time learning about research methods and statistics . Even if you don’t particularly love the research process, learning more about how to gather, organize, analyze, and interpret data can be an important skill in a wide variety of careers.

For example, educators, administrators, scientists, marketers, and advertisers often perform such tasks in order to make decisions, evaluate progress, and complete projects.

Prepare for Graduate Study

An undergraduate degree in psychology can be an excellent starting point for graduate study. Many students choose to earn a graduate degree in psychology, while others opt to further their education in a related field such as counseling, education, or social work .

Even if you plan on pursuing a different field in graduate school, you may still find majoring in psychology helpful. Having a background in human psychology can also lead to further study in law, medicine, or the life sciences.

Pursue a Specialty

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Let’s imagine that in addition to your strong interest in psychology, you also love sports and physical fitness. While the two subjects might seem only distantly related at first, they actually make up a major specialty area known as sports psychology.

One benefit of earning a psychology degree is that you can pursue a career path aligned with your passions and interests.

A student who enjoys working with young children can specialize in developmental psychology with a focus on early childhood development , while another student who is fascinated by the aging process could earn a degree in the same subject with a focus on the elderly.

Interestingly, psychologists who specialize in working with aging people may also have particularly great job prospects. Geropsychology, a field that uses psychology knowledge to help aging adults, is expected to be a growing field in psychology.

Impress Potential Employers

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Employers highly prize the skills that you acquire during your study of psychology, such as analyzing data, communicating complex information, and understanding human behavior.

While around 64% of the 1.3 million people with a bachelor's in psychology say that their degree is directly related to their current career, the remainder put their knowledge of psychology to work in other professions.

These could include:

• Advertising
• Criminal justice
• Health services
• Human resources
• Public affairs

Study a Topic You Love

The best possible reason to earn a degree in psychology is simply a love for the subject matter. If you look forward to going to your psychology courses , enjoy discussing psychology topics, spend your free time browsing psychology websites, and love learning new facts about psychology, then chances are good that earning a psychology degree is the right choice for you.

Clay RA. Trends report: Psychology is more popular than ever . Monitor on Psychology . 2017;48(10):44.

National Center for Education Statistics.  Fast facts. Most popular majors .

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Psychologists . Occupational Outlook Handbook .

Lin L, Christidis P, Conroy J. Most psychologists are satisfied with their jobs . Monitor on Psychology . 2019;50(3):19

American Psychological Association. Geropsychology: It's your future .

Lin L, Ghaness A, Stamm K, Christidis P, Conroy J. Do psychology degree holders work in psychology jobs ? Monitor on Psychology. 2018;49(9):19

By Kendra Cherry, MSEd Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."

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Is a PhD in psychology worth it?

UQ people Published 5 Jan, 2023  ·  5-minute read

Psychological research is a fascinating field of study that can have a big impact on the way people think, feel and react. If you’re interested in a career in this field, you may be thinking about pursuing a PhD in psychology.

A PhD degree in psychology can help you hone your research skills, pinpoint the research area you’re passionate about and create a solid foundation for a fulfilling career in this industry.

We chatted to UQ PhD candidate Natalie Craig about her experiences studying a Doctor of Philosophy , what inspired her to choose a psychology research topic, and why a PhD in psychology is worth it, from her perspective.

Learn more about studying a PhD at UQ .

What can you research with a PhD in psychology?

There are seemingly endless avenues to explore when it comes to choosing a PhD topic with a focus on psychological research. As long as you can secure a PhD supervisor and funding, you can pursue your research passions in psychology with a Doctor of Philosophy.

You may wish to explore research topics in:

• cognitive neuroscience
• basic perceptual and cognitive processes
• higher cognitive processes (such as decision-making)
• human development
• social psychology
• organisational behaviour
• health psychology
• clinical psychology.

Natalie’s PhD topic focuses on trauma recovery research.

“My PhD topic is about understanding how our social relationships influence how we recover from trauma,” she says.

“My thesis is particularly focused on those who have survived natural disasters.”

Natalie recently won UQ’s School of Psychology Three Minute Thesis competition and is hoping to continue making waves with her research.

“The best possible outcome for my PhD is firstly to better understand how our social relationships influence recovery from trauma, so that we can use this information to begin adapting programs focused on harnessing and enhancing social connections after a traumatic event,” she says.

“Ideally, these programs could then be delivered in the wake of a traumatic event at scale, using the resources of the community.”

Many communities in Australia are still dealing with the tragic after-effects of natural disasters such as floods and bushfires, making Natalie’s research more important than ever. She's passionate about using it to create positive and lasting change.

“Overall, the ultimate goal of all of this is to help subvert people away from developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and instead move them towards post-traumatic growth.”  

This potential to make a real difference in people's lives is a huge motivator for many PhD candidates and a large part of what makes a PhD in psychology worth pursuing.

What is a Doctor of Philosophy in psychology? And how does it differ from a Doctor of Psychology?

When studying a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) with a topic focused on psychology, you’re undergoing in-depth, independent research in an area of your choosing for the duration of your program. A Doctor of Psychology , on the other hand, is a program for those whose interests lie largely in clinical psychology. It involves specialist placements and coursework as well as a research component.

Who can do a PhD in psychology?

Despite what many people may think, you don’t need to study psychology at an undergraduate level to pursue a PhD in the same area.

Natalie’s passion for psychology didn’t develop until her career in public relations was already in full swing.

After completing a Bachelor of Communications, Public Relations and Journalism in 2009, she undertook several communications and PR roles, progressing into management and working with high-profile brands. Despite her success, however, she felt as though something was missing in her day-to-day work.

“I became quite disillusioned with the public relations industry in that it didn’t feel like I was contributing towards something that was truly meaningful to me,” she explains.

Natalie is quick to point out that incredible work is done in PR by a range of very talented individuals, but for her, the sense of fulfilment wasn’t quite there.

“I felt that my skills, ability, and passion could be better used to help people improve their lives,” she says.

Natalie decided to pursue postgraduate education in psychology, completing 2 graduate diplomas before applying for her PhD at UQ. Her research topic was inspired by a natural curiosity.

“I’ve always been drawn towards understanding why people do what they do, and why some people seem to thrive after a traumatic event while others struggle to overcome their traumatic experience(s),” she says.

“Understanding what this mechanism is that puts people on a trajectory towards post-traumatic growth is what has led me to be where I am today, pursuing my particular research question.”

A personally fulfilling career trajectory and impactful research outcomes are not the only things Natalie hopes to get out of her PhD.

Overall, I think my PhD will benefit me in terms of developing confidence and competence across a variety of domains.

During her PhD studies, Natalie has improved her:

• research expertise and knowledge
• project-management skills
• public speaking
• collaboration skills.

“I’ve also enhanced my understanding of a variety of topics outside of my specific research question,” she says.

“In addition to this, I’ve met some really amazing people and have made some wonderful friendships and connections that I’m sure will remain in my life long after my PhD has ended.”

After her PhD, Natalie hopes to secure a postdoctoral position at UQ, so she can continue to build upon her current research.

“Ideally, I'd like to create interventions that focus on the principles of how our social relationships influence recovery from trauma,” she says.

"I also hope to do my Master of Clinical Psychology here at UQ, so I can work with a population of trauma survivors in a clinical and hands-on capacity (as well as in a research capacity).”

For Natalie, a psychology PhD has opened doors to a new career path where she can pursue her passion for research and find meaning in her work.

Why study your PhD in psychology at UQ?

So, what’s unique about studying your PhD degree in psychology at UQ?

“I chose UQ because it has one of the best schools of psychology in the country and also has a solid standing globally,” says Natalie.

“The School of Psychology here at UQ is a large one with a lot of resources and therefore a lot of capacity for support and opportunity, both as a HDR student and also in terms of future career prospects.”

Ready to follow your passion for research with a PhD in psychology?

Learn more about studying a PhD at UQ

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Is a Ph.D. in Psychology Worth it – (Pros VS. Cons)

There’s no doubt that getting a Ph.D. in Psychology can be a valuable investment. Studying psychology that can lead to many interesting and fulfilling careers. But is a Ph.D. in psychology worth it? This article will cover what you need to know before making your decision. We will talk about 25 reasons why a Ph.D. in psychology is worth it and also 7 reasons why it may not be the right degree for you. This article is not meant to dictate what you should do, but to provide you with the information to make an informed choice.

What is a Ph.D. in Psychology Degree?

How long does a ph.d. in psychology degree take, how much does a ph.d. in psychology degree cost, what are the admission requirements for a ph.d. in psychology degree.

• A master’s degree, not necessarily in psychology. In some cases, a bachelor’s degree is also acceptable. • A GPA of at least 3.0 • Letters of recommendation • A letter of intent • Graduate Record Examination (GRE) • A Resume

Is a Ph.D. in Psychology Worth It? – the Pros

Reason #1: a ph.d. in psychology can provide you with the opportunity to teach at the college level., reason #2: a ph.d. in psychology can give you a greater understanding of human behavior and mental processes., reason #3: a ph.d. in psychology can help lead to careers in research., reason #4: a ph.d. in psychology can give you the chance to work with different ethnic and racial groups, reason #5: a ph.d. in psychology can lead to a career in public health., reason #6: a ph.d. in psychology can help you start your own business., reason #7: a ph.d. in psychology can help you become a voice for social and political change., reason #8: a ph.d. in psychology can lead to opportunities to take leadership positions in prominent psychology organizations., reason #9: a ph.d. in psychology can make you less vulnerable to job loss during economic downturns., reason #10: a ph.d. in psychology can lead to a career working with children., reason #11: a ph.d. in psychology may lead to opportunities to meet and collaborate with thought leaders in the field of psychology through networking events., reason #12: a ph.d. in psychology can lead to a corporate career as an industrial-organizational psychologist., reason #13: a ph.d. in psychology can lead to a career in forensics., reason #14: a ph.d. in psychology can allow you to help people with drug addiction., reason #15: a ph.d. in psychology can help you develop stellar communication skills., reason #16: a ph.d. in psychology can lead to a career in sports psychology., reason #17: a ph.d. in psychology can lead to a lucrative marketing career., reason #18: a ph.d. in psychology can help you become an administrator at colleges and universities., reason #19: a ph.d. in psychology can lead to a career in the military., reason #20: a ph.d. in psychology can prepare you for a career in social work., reason #21: a ph.d. in psychology can help you become an environmental psychologist., reason #22: a ph.d. in psychology can make you a credible writer on psychology-related topics., reason #23: a ph.d. in psychology can lead to a career as a neuropsychologist., reason #24: a ph.d. in psychology can give you the skills to help people discover their dream careers., reason #25: a ph.d. in psychology allows you to work in correctional settings., why a ph.d. in psychology may not be worth it for you – the cons, reason #1: it takes a long time to complete a ph.d. in psychology., reason #2: a ph.d. in psychology can be an expensive degree to pursue., reason #3: it’s possible to lose income while pursuing your ph.d. in psychology., reason #4: you may lose time with family and friends., reason #5: finding an internship or residency can be difficult., reason #6: you may have to publish in psychology journals often., reason #7: if your goal is to be a psychology professor, you may find a lot of competition., what are the 3 main reasons behind the demand for ph.d. in psychology degree holders, 1. many industries perceive people with a ph.d. in psychology as top experts., 2. there is increased accessibility to healthcare services, including services from psychologists., 3. the mental health needs of people have accelerated due to the pandemic and other recent events in today’s world., what is the average salary for ph.d. in psychology degree holders.

What are the 3 Best Jobs You Can Get With a Ph.D. in Psychology Degree?

1. professor:, 2. research psychologist:, 3. psychologist in private practice:, bonus 3 tips to make more money with a ph.d. in psychology degree, 1. specialize in a high-demand area:, 2. get experience in the private sector:, 3. start your own business:, is a ph.d. in psychology worth it for you – my final thoughts, frequently asked questions answered, 1. what is the best age to do a ph.d. in psychology degree, 2. how hard is it to get into a ph.d. in psychology degree program, 3. is the gre required for those wishing to pursue a ph.d. in psychology degree, 4. do i need work experience to get into a ph.d. in psychology degree program, 5. what is the minimum gpa to get into a ph.d. in psychology degree program, 6. can i get into a ph.d. in psychology degree program with a low gpa, 7. are online ph.d. in psychology degree programs worth it, 8. are scholarships and grants available for ph.d. in psychology degree programs, 9. can ph.d. in psychology, students have a life, 10. can i work part-time and successfully complete the ph.d. in psychology degree program, 11. can i work full-time and successfully complete the ph.d. in psychology degree program, 12. do students fail in ph.d. in psychology degree programs, 13. will i ever regret getting a ph.d. in psychology degree, 14. how much does a ph.d. in psychology graduate make per hour.

16. Will Ph.D. In Psychology Graduates Be Paid Less In The Future?

17. are all ph.d. in psychology graduates successful in their careers, 18. are ph.d. in psychology graduates happy with their jobs, 19. can ph.d. in psychology degree holders become rich, 20. what are some ph.d. in psychology degree alternatives, 21. can i get a ph.d. in psychology without a masters in psychology, 22. what is the difference between a ph.d. in psychology and a psyd.

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• PsyD vs PhD

Is it Worth It to Get a PsyD in Psychology?

You have two doctoral options in psychology; the PsyD or Ph.D. The PsyD is a newer degree program that started in the 1970s that prioritizes clinical therapy. The Ph.D. is a  more traditional doctoral degree that focuses more on teaching skills and research at the university level.

Until around 1970, the Ph.D. was the most common choice for clinical psychologists. But today, there are approximately 100 PsyD programs accredited by the American Psychological Association in the US. A PsyD degree fulfills the requirements to become a licensed clinical psychologist in all 50 states.

If you have not made up your mind on which doctoral degree to pursue, below are some expert reasons that getting a PsyD in psychology is worth it:

#1 More Focus on Clinical Practice

The PsyD places more focus on clinical practice compared to most Ph.D. programs. PsyD students use theoretical frameworks in their daily psychotherapy sessions.

On the other hand, the Ph.D. stresses research methods that are used to come up with cognition and behavior theories.

SEE ALSO: PsyD vs PhD

There may be some overlay in the course structure, but the PsyD and Ph.D. programs have different foci. Being able to produce psychological research is not a common goal in PsyD programs.

Classes usually stress clinical skills development to provide students with the expertise they need to be good clinical or counseling psychologists.

#2 More Clinical Exposure in Years 1 and 2

The PsyD degree focuses more on practice than research, so your curriculum in the field starts sooner. You may begin your clinical experience in a PsyD program as soon as your first semester. Ph.D. students typically spend their first year studying their core research courses.

This is why a PsyD program is usually better at giving the student more clinical practice-based knowledge. These students also receive more clinical therapeutic exposure before they graduate. Most PsyD programs have 800 to 1,000 hours of fieldwork before graduation. Also, students must complete a one year, full-time internship in the last year of their doctoral program.

#3 Shorter Programs

The Ph.D. follows a scientist-practitioner model, so students perform hands-on research with humans. The PsyD has a scholar-practitioner model with a clinical orientation that emphasizes clinical experience over research or laboratory work.

Therefore, PsyD programs have shorter completion times than Ph.D. programs. Most PsyD programs can be completed in as few as four years, while a Ph.D. program takes up to six years. If your goal is to enter clinical practice, you will get there faster with a PsyD.

SEE ALSO: List of Best 3 Year PsyD Programs to Consider

Some universities offer a five-year combined Master of Science in Psychology/PsyD program, too.

Shorter completion time in a PsyD program also means lower tuition payments.

#4 More PsyD Programs Available

The PsyD has enjoyed a resurgence in the last 20 years, and there are many online and on-campus programs available across the country. If you earn your Psy.D. online, you can complete your coursework remotely and participate in your clinical work and internship in your local area.

SEE ALSO: Best APA Accredited PsyD Programs

If there ever was any stigma surrounding the PsyD, most of this is gone because employers understand that one degree is not better than the other. Most doctoral-level psychology employers accept professionals with either degree.

The difference between the PsyD and Ph.D. has much more to do with your personal goals than degree quality.

#5 Dissertation May Be Optional

All Ph.D. in psychology programs require a dissertation. This massive academic document is usually 200 or more pages long and requires more than a year of research and writing. While the thesis is an essential part of the Ph.D. process, many PsyD programs do not need it; after all, the focus of the degree is clinical practice, not research.

SEE ALSO: 9 Tips for Your PsyD Dissertation

Some PsyD programs do require a writing project, but it may be about what they learned from their clinical rotations. A capstone project may include psychological case studies, focus groups, clinical trials, or consulting work.

#5 Similar Salaries and Job Demand

The PsyD degree has become more accepted by employers over the decades. Today, many employers view them as equal degrees if you intend to secure a job as a clinical or counseling psychologist.

SEE ALSO: Clinical Psychologist Salary Outlook

Their equivalence today means that the median salary for both doctoral degrees is often the same. The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reports the median wage for psychologists was $80,370 in 2019, and the top 10% with doctoral degrees and the most experience made more than $132,000.

Job demand for psychologists with either doctoral degree is healthy, too. BLS reports job demand for clinical and counseling psychologists will rise by 14% by 2028.

#6 More Clinical Psychology Concentrations

As of 2020, the APA recognizes 17 specialties for clinical psychology practice. A PsyD provides the student with more chances to focus on one of these concentrations.

The curricula for most PsyD programs tailor the classes to fit these specialties. For instance, a PsyD focused on forensic psychology trains students to perform mental health screenings in prisons. Specialization in industrial and organizational psychology prepares the student for improving company work climates and ensuring the best workers are hired for the right jobs.

#7 Dual Degree Program Options

Most Ph.D. programs do not allow you to add another degree. But a PsyD major can sometimes combine their degree with a J.D., for example, so they can work in forensic psychology as a licensed attorney.

Also, there are PsyD/MBA programs that are perfect for executive leadership roles in clinical practices.

Ask The Experts

We asked the experts at Quora.com about worth it is in getting a PsyD program without a psychology background. Here is what we learned:

• “You have a greater likelihood of being admitted to a PsyD program than to a Ph.D. program. However, you will probably have less of a chance of being admitted than a student who is a psychology major. You can improve your chances by making sure you take courses that correspond to the topics tested on the Psychology GRE and do well on it. Getting some clinical experience where you can demonstrate some leadership abilities will help.” – Linda Buyer, Ph.D., Cognitive Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago .

We also asked if it is better to choose a PsyD or Ph.D.:

• “Earning a Ph.D. matters if you are interested in research and teaching. But if you want a clinical career, the PsyD is a good choice. A PsyD. does not require empirical research, and the Ph.D. does in the doctoral dissertation.” – Bruce Kugler, Ph.D., retired psychologist .
• “PsyD is a practitioner’s credential like the M.D. Ph.D. is the academic credential, aimed at research and teaching. PsyD study focuses heavily on therapeutic practice rather than some other areas of psych such as cognition, neuropsychology, social psychology, etc.” – Margaret MaDonald, trained as a clinical psychologist at the doctoral level .

The PsyD and Ph.D. are worthwhile degrees that require intense commitment in grad school. The PsyD can often be completed in only four years and provides you with the skills and experience to work as a clinical psychologist. It is a substantial investment in your education and career if your passion is to become a licensed, practicing psychologist.

• Doctoral Degrees in Psychology. Accessed at https://www.apa.org/ed/precollege/psn/2016/01/doctoral-degrees
• Online Psychology Degrees. Accessed at https://www.online-psychology-degrees.org/list-articles/five-benefits-of-pursuing-a-psyd-rather-than-a-phd-in-psychology/
• Is a PsyD for You? Accessed at https://www.thoughtco.com/is-a-psyd-for-you-1686409
• Psychologist Salary and Job Demand. Accessed at https://www.bls.gov/ooh/life-physical-and-social-science/psychologists.htm

Trump rally shooter Thomas Crooks: Neighbors, classmates, employer speak

A 20-year-old man from Pennsylvania fired multiple shots at former President Donald Trump at a rally on Saturday evening.

A bullet grazed the presumptive Republican presidential nominee's upper right ear , leaving him bloodied but not seriously injured. One rally attendee was killed in the gunfire and two others were "critically injured," authorities later said.

Here's what we know:

Who is the shooter at the rally?

The FBI identified Thomas Matthew Crooks of Bethel Park, Pennsylvania, as the person behind the assassination attempt. Agency officials released little additional information, saying its investigation remains active and ongoing. They did not indicate what Crooks' motive might have been.

Crooks worked at a nearby nursing home. An administrator there told USA TODAY that the company was shocked to learn of the shooting and that Crooks had passed a background check for his job.

What did Thomas Crooks do at the crime scene?

During the shooting Saturday, Trump's right ear was injured, seconds before he was whisked off stage by Secret Service personnel.  One man attending the rally was killed  and two others were injured; Crooks was then killed by Secret Service agents , authorities said.

FBI special agent Kevin Rojek said on a call with media Sunday afternoon that authorities found "a suspicious device" when they searched the shooter's vehicle. Bomb technicians inspected the device and rendered it safe. 

"I'm not in a position to provide any expertise on the specific components of any potential bombs or suspicious packages," Rojek added. 

Rojek said law enforcement is sending the rifle and Crooks' cell phone, along with other evidence, to the FBI lab in Quantico, Virginia "for processing and exploitation."

"We're in the process of searching his phone," Rojek said.

Maps and graphics: What happened in the Trump assassination attempt

What is Crooks' background?

Crooks is registered to vote as a Republican in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, according to county voter records. His voter registration status has been active since 2021.

Federal Election Commission records show that in January 2021, Crooks made a $15 donation to the Progressive Turnout Project, a group working to increase voter turnout for Democrats.

Born Sept. 20, 2003, Crooks does not have a criminal record in Pennsylvania, nor has he been sued there, according to state court records. There is no record of him in federal court databases, either.

Where did Thomas Crooks work?

Crooks worked as a dietary aid, a job that generally involves food preparation, at Bethel Park Skilled Nursing and Rehabilitation, less than a mile from his home. In a statement provided to USA TODAY on Sunday, Marcie Grimm, the facility's administrator, said she was "shocked and saddened to learn of his involvement."

"Thomas Matthew Crooks performed his job without concern and his background check was clean," Grimm said. "We are fully cooperating with law enforcement officials at this time. Due to the ongoing investigation, we cannot comment further on any specifics. Our thoughts and prayers go out to Former President Trump and the victims impacted by this terrible tragedy. We condemn all acts of violence."

The facility is owned by Kennett Square, Pennsylvania-based Genesis Healthcare. A job posting from the company for a dietary aid in the Pittsburgh area puts the pay at $16 an hour.

Thomas Crooks from Bethel Park, Pennsylvania

Crooks' home address is listed in Bethel Park, a suburb in the Pittsburgh metropolitan area, voter records show. That three-bedroom brick house has been owned since 1998 by Matthew and Mary Crooks, who appear to be his parents. Telephone calls to the couple were not returned overnight.

Near the Crooks home, Dean Sierka, 52, said he had known Crooks and his parents for years, as neighbors separated by only a few houses. Sierka’s daughter attended school with Crooks from elementary school through Bethel Park High School, and said she remembers him as quiet and shy.

Dean and his daughter said they would see Crooks at least once a week, often when Crooks was walking to work.

“You wouldn’t have expected this,” Dean Sierka said. “The parents and the family are all really nice people.”

At Bethel Park High School

Thomas Crooks graduated two years ago from Bethel Park High School, the Bethel Park School District confirmed. He was included in a 2022 local news article about recipients of a National Math & Science Initiative Star Award at the public high school, which enrolls about 1,300 students.

Jason Kohler attended Bethel Park High School with Crooks and said he remembers the 20-year-old sat alone at lunch and was “bullied almost every day.” Kids picked on Crooks for wearing camouflage to class and his quiet demeanor, Kohler, 21, said.

Since hearing Crooks has been named as the shooter, Kohler has been speaking with classmates who knew him, most of whom are stunned by the news.“It’s really hard to comprehend,” he said.

Sean Eckert said he went to school with Crooks from 5th through 12th grade. He said Crooks always went by “Tom.“

They shared classes together in elementary and middle school. Eckert said Crooks, though "fairly smart," was quiet and rarely spoke up.

Eckert said Crooks did not seem to have many friends. He didn't recall Crooks being playing any sports, being involved in any clubs or student groups or going to popular campus events. He often wore hunting clothes, so Eckert assumed he hunted.

No one in Eckert's group text from high school seemed to know Crooks very well, he said. They were shocked that someone from their town had done this. They were even more surprised that it was Tom Crooks.

Nursing aide turned sniper: Thomas Crooks' mysterious plot to kill Trump

The gaming-oriented online site Discord said Sunday that it had found an account that appeared to be linked to the shooting suspect. The site removed the account, which “was rarely utilized, has not been used in months, and we have found no evidence that it was used to plan this incident, promote violence, or discuss his political views,“ according to a statement from a Discord spokesperson, adding that the company will coordinate closely with law enforcement.

Crooks was a member of the Clairton Sportsmen’s Club, a shooting club about 8 miles from his home. It is a sprawling complex of 180 acres with rifle, pistol and archery ranges, an area for dog training and a clubhouse, according to the club website.An attorney for the club, Robert Bootay III, confirmed Crooks' membership in an email to USA TODAY, but would not offer additional details.

Where is Bethel Park, Pennsylvania?

Bethel Park is a suburb of Pittsburgh and home to more than 32,000 people – about one thousand fewer than four years ago, according to the latest Census estimates. 

The majority-white, mostly college-educated community has a median household income of $102,177. 

Described as a charming retreat from the hustle and bustle of the big city to its north, Bethel Park boasts tree-line streets, friendly neighborhoods and a low crime rate.

Bethel Park is about 42 miles south of Butler, where the Trump rally was held. The leafy suburban street was alive with law enforcement overnight amid a multi-agency response to the shooting. A member of the Allegheny County bomb squad told reporters his team was headed into the house around midnight, but did not say why.

For hours afterward, the scene remained quiet, with deer passing under the police tape and an occasional neighbor stepping out of their house to see what was happening.

John Wolf, a local construction superintendent who lives down the road, said he’d talked with several worried neighbors.

“People are scared,” Wolf said.

How did Crooks shoot at Trump?

Crooks had been positioned on a rooftop more than 100 yards from the rally site, Secret Service spokesperson Anthony Guglielmi said. Law enforcement recovered an AR-style rifle from the scene.

Joseph Price, special agent in charge of the ATF in Pittsburgh, said the weapon used by the shooter was a rifle.“It was nothing special,” he said in an interview in the parking lot of the Butler Township Municipal Building.

Law enforcement is following up on a “number of suspicious occurrences,” said Lt. Col. George Bivens of the Pennsylvania State Police, including accounts from witnesses who said they tried to flag police about the activity of a person outside the rally moments before the shooting.

The FBI said in a news release that the situation “remains an active and ongoing investigation, and anyone with information that may assist with the investigation is encouraged to submit photos or videos online at  FBI.gov/butler  or call 1-800-CALL-FBI.”

Contributing: Stephanie Warsmith, Tim Evans, Aysha Bagchi, Jessica Guynn, Bryce Buyakie

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PhD in IO worth it?

Graduated from my masters program a few years ago.

Breaking into different verticals in IO has been a struggle. Would an PhD in IO have dividends in the future? I am also considering an MBA too.

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• Psychology [Psy.D. / Ph.D.]

Any JD/Phd's?

• Thread starter Datadriven
• Start date Apr 6, 2011

Full Member

• Apr 6, 2011

Disadvantage: you have to go to law school. What are your ultimate goals for these two degrees? If you just want to work in policy somehow, then maybe you should think about an MPP (Masters in Public Policy) instead of a JD. It may be more in line with your interests, it's shorter, and it's not law school.  

• Apr 7, 2011

Thank you for your response. I would like to be able to be flexible across a whole range of opportunities hence my interest in the degree. Children's Mental healthcare legislation is one area I would like to work in, forensics another (I understand that when you go for accreditation your law degree you may be able to waive some of your postdoc requirement). I also could work in corporate/family mediation, family law (custody), trial consultation parent coordination, and high conflict family business work. Did you get a JD, or are you in a joint JD/PHD program?  

Born2rumble1st

I just graduated from law school and will be starting my Ph.D. in the fall. Before you commit to getting a J.D., I would seriously suggest that you look at exactly what you want to do with it. Unless the law school that you plan to attend is a top law school (ranked 20 or higher) or graduate in the top 5% of your class, your law degree is going to be practically useless if you plan on using it to join a law firm. If you want the J.D. in order to gain more insight into the legal field, I can understand that, but you might be better served with the MPH. Law school is HARD, and every single person you will be competing with for an A in your law school classes will be working twice as hard as you will (and have twice the time), because this is their one and only shot to get a job. There will be people in your class who will literally live in the library. You won't be able to do that, because you will have all of your Ph.D. work to do, in addition to the ridiculous amount of work your legal classes will give you. Not to mention that law school is not cheap. Don't throw away graduating debt free for something you might not necessarily need to pursue the career you want.  

Born2Rumble makes some great points. I'm a career changer (J.D. first, went back for the Psy.D. years later) but I recall the climate in law school well. Competitive to say the least, and getting a doctorate in Psych was in some ways even harder (although more rewarding IMO). Enter at your own risk! I believe there are ways to combine law and psychology without the dual degree. I'd recommend you at least check this out carefully before making up your mind.  

Hi All, Thank you for your insight, I dont quite think that this thread is going in the direction I intended. In the sense, that I am not concerned about funding (I will be fully funded across both programs) or how hard or competitive law school is, having been in Psychology for awhile and being done all my PHD and MA classes, and having a graduate background in English I understand that it will be difficult/competitive what i am trying to figure out is what is the PURPOSE of dual degree programs if there isn't any added benefit to them (and yes I know that is a logical fallacy, because existence does not imply benefit) but it seems that there are very few JD/PhD's especially concurrent degree takers who can comment to this thread and its been quite hard trying to get in touch with those with that combined degree who are currently working the community. Additionally I am not concerned about the top 20 issue because of the regional prestige of the law school I would attend... For those of you who have a JD what was your purpose for making the career change?  

Datadriven said: Thank you for your response. I would like to be able to be flexible across a whole range of opportunities hence my interest in the degree. Children's Mental healthcare legislation is one area I would like to work in, forensics another (I understand that when you go for accreditation your law degree you may be able to waive some of your postdoc requirement). I also could work in corporate/family mediation, family law (custody), trial consultation parent coordination, and high conflict family business work. Did you get a JD, or are you in a joint JD/PHD program? Click to expand...

Man in White

• Apr 8, 2011

I took the LSAT before I decided to attend a Clinical Psychology Psy.D. program. Most of the feedback I received was to choose either Clinical Psych or law. I ended up choosing Clinical Psych.  

PsyWife said: Disadvantage: you have to go to law school. What are your ultimate goals for these two degrees? If you just want to work in policy somehow, then maybe you should think about an MPP (Masters in Public Policy) instead of a JD. It may be more in line with your interests, it's shorter, and it's not law school. Click to expand...

doesnt someone (Nebraska maybe?) offer a PhD JD degree? Well nevermind. Quick google search makes me feel like an idiot. Arizona, Stanford, Drexel, etc. Many more combined programs seem to offer it. Maybe check out some students on a social site?  

• Apr 9, 2011

Thanks to all who have answered, to clarify I am in a university based PhD Program, and have been accepted to start my JD alongside my PhD research next year. So I am already in joint program but am still contemplating whether to accept as I am not sure the added year it will take me on top of my PhD studies to complete a JD will open up more opportunities for me in the future and yes, I am considering practicing law.  

Well if the difference we're talking about is just 1 year, then maybe it's worth it if you come out with a JD and PhD in the end. I'm not sure how combined programs operate, but I imagine they are expressly designed for those with interests in both psych and lw, and so perhaps there's more overlap in curriculum than you'd find in a typical law school program? Just to clarify -- do you only need 1 year to complete the JD? Or (more likely) are you just starting a combined program and the whole thing will take 6-7 years for both degrees?  

Pull up: Hafemeister, T. L., Ogloff, J. R. P., & Small, M. A. (1990). Training and careers in law and psychology: The perspective of students and graduates of dual degree programs. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 8 , 263-283. This is the best article I've read thus far about about joint-degree training (I'm a J.D.-Ph.D. student myself). It sums up the benefits, drawbacks, anxieties, etc. that come with the territory. Even though the article is slightly dated, in drawing from my own experiences so far, I concur with a lot of what they say. I hope you find it helpful.  

psychmama said: Well if the difference we're talking about is just 1 year, then maybe it's worth it if you come out with a JD and PhD in the end. I'm not sure how combined programs operate, but I imagine they are expressly designed for those with interests in both psych and lw, and so perhaps there's more overlap in curriculum than you'd find in a typical law school program? Just to clarify -- do you only need 1 year to complete the JD? Or (more likely) are you just starting a combined program and the whole thing will take 6-7 years for both degrees? Click to expand...

Thank you ck2k01, that article is super helpful!  

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