mid term paper example

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Everything You Need to Know to Write an A+ Term Paper

Last Updated: March 4, 2024 Fact Checked

Sample Term Papers

Researching & outlining.

• Drafting Your Paper
• Revising Your Paper

Expert Q&A

This article was co-authored by Matthew Snipp, PhD and by wikiHow staff writer, Raven Minyard, BA . C. Matthew Snipp is the Burnet C. and Mildred Finley Wohlford Professor of Humanities and Sciences in the Department of Sociology at Stanford University. He is also the Director for the Institute for Research in the Social Science’s Secure Data Center. He has been a Research Fellow at the U.S. Bureau of the Census and a Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences. He has published 3 books and over 70 articles and book chapters on demography, economic development, poverty and unemployment. He is also currently serving on the National Institute of Child Health and Development’s Population Science Subcommittee. He holds a Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of Wisconsin—Madison. There are 13 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 2,231,182 times.

A term paper is a written assignment given to students at the end of a course to gauge their understanding of the material. Term papers typically count for a good percentage of your overall grade, so of course, you’ll want to write the best paper possible. Luckily, we’ve got you covered. In this article, we’ll teach you everything you need to know to write an A+ term paper, from researching and outlining to drafting and revising.

Quick Steps to Write a Term Paper

• Hook your readers with an interesting and informative intro paragraph. State your thesis and your main points.
• Support your thesis by providing quotes and evidence that back your claim in your body paragraphs.
• Summarize your main points and leave your readers with a thought-provoking question in your conclusion.

• Think of your term paper as the bridge between what you’ve learned in class and how you apply that knowledge to real-world topics.
• For example, a history term paper may require you to explore the consequences of a significant historical event, like the Civil War. An environmental science class, on the other hand, may have you examine the effects of climate change on a certain region.
• Your guidelines should tell you the paper’s word count and formatting style, like whether to use in-text citations or footnotes and whether to use single- or double-spacing. If these things aren’t specified, be sure to reach out to your instructor.

• Make sure your topic isn’t too broad. For example, if you want to write about Shakespeare’s work, first narrow it down to a specific play, like Macbeth , then choose something even more specific like Lady Macbeth’s role in the plot.
• If the topic is already chosen for you, explore unique angles that can set your content and information apart from the more obvious approaches many others will probably take. [3] X Research source
• Try not to have a specific outcome in mind, as this will close you off to new ideas and avenues of thinking. Rather than trying to mold your research to fit your desired outcome, allow the outcome to reflect a genuine analysis of the discoveries you made. Ask yourself questions throughout the process and be open to having your beliefs challenged.
• Reading other people's comments, opinions, and entries on a topic can often help you to refine your own, especially where they comment that "further research" is required or where they posit challenging questions but leave them unanswered.

• For example, if you’re writing a term paper about Macbeth , your primary source would be the play itself. Then, look for other research papers and analyses written by academics and scholars to understand how they interpret the text.

• For example, if you’re writing a paper about Lady Macbeth, your thesis could be something like “Shakespeare’s characterization of Lady Macbeth reveals how desire for power can control someone’s life.”
• Remember, your research and thesis development doesn’t stop here. As you continue working through both the research and writing, you may want to make changes that align with the ideas forming in your mind and the discoveries you continue to unearth.
• On the other hand, don’t keep looking for new ideas and angles for fear of feeling confined. At some point, you’re going to have to say enough is enough and make your point. You may have other opportunities to explore these questions in future studies, but for now, remember your term paper has a finite word length and an approaching due date!

• Abstract: An abstract is a concise summary of your paper that informs readers of your topic, its significance, and the key points you’ll explore. It must stand on its own and make sense without referencing outside sources or your actual paper.
• Introduction: The introduction establishes the main idea of your paper and directly states the thesis. Begin your introduction with an attention-grabbing sentence to intrigue your readers, and provide any necessary background information to establish your paper’s purpose and direction.
• Body paragraphs: Each body paragraph focuses on a different argument supporting your thesis. List specific evidence from your sources to back up your arguments. Provide detailed information about your topic to enhance your readers’ understanding. In your outline, write down the main ideas for each body paragraph and any outstanding questions or points you’re not yet sure about.
• Results: Depending on the type of term paper you’re writing, your results may be incorporated into your body paragraphs or conclusion. These are the insights that your research led you to. Here you can discuss how your perspective and understanding of your topic shifted throughout your writing process.
• Conclusion: Your conclusion summarizes your argument and findings. You may restate your thesis and major points as you wrap up your paper.

Drafting Your Term Paper

• Writing an introduction can be challenging, but don’t get too caught up on it. As you write the rest of your paper, your arguments might change and develop, so you’ll likely need to rewrite your intro at the end, anyway. Writing your intro is simply a means of getting started and you can always revise it later. [10] X Trustworthy Source PubMed Central Journal archive from the U.S. National Institutes of Health Go to source
• Be sure to define any words your readers might not understand. For example, words like “globalization” have many different meanings depending on context, and it’s important to state which ones you’ll be using as part of your introductory paragraph.

• Try to relate the subject of the essay (say, Plato’s Symposium ) to a tangentially related issue you happen to know something about (say, the growing trend of free-wheeling hookups in frat parties). Slowly bring the paragraph around to your actual subject and make a few generalizations about why this aspect of the book/subject is so fascinating and worthy of study (such as how different the expectations for physical intimacy were then compared to now).

• You can also reflect on your own experience of researching and writing your term paper. Discuss how your understanding of your topic evolved and any unexpected findings you came across.

• While peppering quotes throughout your text is a good way to help make your point, don’t overdo it. If you use too many quotes, you’re basically allowing other authors to make the point and write the paper for you. When you do use a quote, be sure to explain why it is relevant in your own words.
• Try to sort out your bibliography at the beginning of your writing process to avoid having a last-minute scramble. When you have all the information beforehand (like the source’s title, author, publication date, etc.), it’s easier to plug them into the correct format.

Revising & Finalizing Your Term Paper

• Trade in weak “to-be” verbs for stronger “action” verbs. For example: “I was writing my term paper” becomes “I wrote my term paper.”

• It’s extremely important to proofread your term paper. If your writing is full of mistakes, your instructor will assume you didn’t put much effort into your paper. If you have too many errors, your message will be lost in the confusion of trying to understand what you’ve written.

• If you add or change information to make things clearer for your readers, it’s a good idea to look over your paper one more time to catch any new typos that may have come up in the process.

• The best essays are like grass court tennis—the argument should flow in a "rally" style, building persuasively to the conclusion. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0
• If you get stuck, consider giving your professor a visit. Whether you're still struggling for a thesis or you want to go over your conclusion, most instructors are delighted to help and they'll remember your initiative when grading time rolls around. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0
• At least 2 hours for 3-5 pages.
• At least 4 hours for 8-10 pages.
• At least 6 hours for 12-15 pages.
• Double those hours if you haven't done any homework and you haven't attended class.
• For papers that are primarily research-based, add about two hours to those times (although you'll need to know how to research quickly and effectively, beyond the purview of this brief guide).

You Might Also Like

• ↑ https://www.binghamton.edu/counseling/self-help/term-paper.html
• ↑ Matthew Snipp, PhD. Research Fellow, U.S. Bureau of the Census. Expert Interview. 26 March 2020.
• ↑ https://emory.libanswers.com/faq/44525
• ↑ https://writing.wisc.edu/handbook/assignments/planresearchpaper/
• ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/the_writing_process/thesis_statement_tips.html
• ↑ https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/outline
• ↑ https://gallaudet.edu/student-success/tutorial-center/english-center/writing/guide-to-writing-introductions-and-conclusions/
• ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26731827
• ↑ https://writing.wisc.edu/handbook/assignments/writing-an-abstract-for-your-research-paper/
• ↑ https://www.ivcc.edu/stylesite/Essay_Title.pdf
• ↑ https://www.uni-flensburg.de/fileadmin/content/institute/anglistik/dokumente/downloads/how-to-write-a-term-paper-daewes.pdf
• ↑ https://library.sacredheart.edu/c.php?g=29803&p=185937
• ↑ https://www.cornerstone.edu/blog-post/six-steps-to-really-edit-your-paper/

About This Article

If you need to write a term paper, choose your topic, then start researching that topic. Use your research to craft a thesis statement which states the main idea of your paper, then organize all of your facts into an outline that supports your thesis. Once you start writing, state your thesis in the first paragraph, then use the body of the paper to present the points that support your argument. End the paper with a strong conclusion that restates your thesis. For tips on improving your term paper through active voice, read on! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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Examples of Term Papers that Got an A

Listed below are links to some term papers that got an "A" grade last year. When you compare these examples with each other, you will notice that there are three important aspects of an “A” paper. First, they are passionately written and captivating to read. Second, they have good grammar and style (following MLA, APA, or CMS style). Third, they are well documented with in-text references (in parentheses) linking their assertions to scholary articles in the list of references at the end of the paper. You will see what I mean when you follow these links to student papers that earned an “A” last year. All of these papers are copyrighted by their authors. Please respect these copyrights.

• Aisha-McCormick-Digital-Marketing
• Allie-Modica-Effectiveness
• Allison-Winters-Technology-And-Learning-Styles
• Amanda-Yanez-Social-Media-Advertising
• Amanda-Warren-Social-Media-Likes
• Austin-Abbruzzesi-Computer-Science-Classes-in-High-School-Curricula
• Ben-Rohe-MOOCs
• Brianna-Patrizio-Gender-Equality
• Collette-Small-Social-Media
• Danielle-Piha-CyberBullying
• Danielle-Ragno-LinkedIn
• David-Palgon-Facebook-and-Employers
• Donna-Muchio-Self-Esteem
• Ebenezer-Riverson-3D-Printing
• Elizabeth-Hansen-WII-Physical-Therapy
• Faith-Lumpkin-LinkedIn
• Giselle-Malenchek-Digital-Piracy
• Jessica-Morris-Healthy-Lifestyles
• Katy-Snyder-Social-Media-Advertisers
• Jillian-Loeffler-Social-Media-in-Your-Job-Search
• Lauren-Vandaniker-Technology-Impact-On-Nursing-Practice
• Lisa-Plumley-Multimedia-Young-Children
• Madison-Gamble-Technology-As-A-Means-For-Therapeutic-Modalities
• Maria-Medved-Hospitality-Industry
• Lisa-Tossey-POV-Cameras-Education
• Paul-Page-Copyright-IP-Public-Good
• Sarah-Ibarguen-Twitter
• Taylor-Soave-Social-Media-Classroom
• Tim-Ware-Social-Media-News-Outlet

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How to Write a Term Paper From Start to Finish

The term paper, often regarded as the culmination of a semester's hard work, is a rite of passage for students in pursuit of higher education. Here's an interesting fact to kick things off: Did you know that the term paper's origins can be traced back to ancient Greece, where scholars like Plato and Aristotle utilized written works to explore and document their philosophical musings? Just as these great minds once wrote their thoughts on parchment, you, too, can embark on this intellectual voyage with confidence and skill.

How to Write a Term Paper: Short Description

In this article, we'll delve into the core purpose of this kind of assignment – to showcase your understanding of a subject, your research abilities, and your capacity to communicate complex ideas effectively. But it doesn't stop there. We'll also guide you in the art of creating a well-structured term paper format, a roadmap that will not only keep you on track but also ensure your ideas flow seamlessly and logically. Packed with valuable tips on writing, organization, and time management, this resource promises to equip you with the tools needed to excel in your academic writing.

Understanding What Is a Term Paper

A term paper, a crucial component of your college education, is often assigned towards the conclusion of a semester. It's a vehicle through which educators gauge your comprehension of the course content. Imagine it as a bridge between what you've learned in class and your ability to apply that knowledge to real-world topics.

For instance, in a history course, you might be asked to delve into the causes and consequences of a significant historical event, such as World War II. In a psychology class, your term paper might explore the effects of stress on mental health, or in an environmental science course, you could analyze the impact of climate change on a specific region.

Writing a term paper isn't just about summarizing facts. It requires a blend of organization, deep research, and the art of presenting your findings in a way that's both clear and analytical. This means structuring your arguments logically, citing relevant sources, and critically evaluating the information you've gathered.

For further guidance, we've prepared an insightful guide for you authored by our expert essay writer . It's brimming with practical tips and valuable insights to help you stand out in this academic endeavor and earn the recognition you deserve.

How to Start a Term Paper

Before you start, keep the guidelines for the term paper format firmly in mind. If you have any doubts, don't hesitate to reach out to your instructor for clarification before you begin your research and writing process. And remember, procrastination is your worst enemy in this endeavor. If you're aiming to produce an exceptional piece and secure a top grade, it's essential to plan ahead and allocate dedicated time each day to work on it. Now, let our term paper writing services provide you with some valuable tips to help you on your journey:

• Hone Your Topic : Start by cultivating a learning mindset that empowers you to effectively organize your thoughts. Discover how to research a topic in the section below.
• Hook Your Readers: Initiate a brainstorming session and unleash a barrage of creative ideas to captivate your audience right from the outset. Pose intriguing questions, share compelling anecdotes, offer persuasive statistics, and more.
• Craft a Concise Thesis Statement Example : If you find yourself struggling to encapsulate the main idea of your paper in just a sentence or two, it's time to revisit your initial topic and consider narrowing it down.
• Understand Style Requirements: Your work must adhere to specific formatting guidelines. Delve into details about the APA format and other pertinent regulations in the section provided.
• Delve Deeper with Research : Equipped with a clearer understanding of your objectives, dive into your subject matter with a discerning eye. Ensure that you draw from reputable and reliable sources.
• Begin Writing: Don't obsess over perfection from the get-go. Just start writing, and don't worry about initial imperfections. You can always revise or remove those early sentences later. The key is to initiate the term papers as soon as you've amassed sufficient information.

Ace your term paper with EssayPro 's expert help. Our academic professionals are here to guide you through every step, ensuring your term paper is well-researched, structured, and written to the highest standards.

Term Paper Topics

Selecting the right topic for your term paper is a critical step, one that can significantly impact your overall experience and the quality of your work. While instructors sometimes provide specific topics, there are instances when you have the freedom to choose your own. To guide you on how to write a term paper, consider the following factors when deciding on your dissertation topics :

• Relevance to Assignment Length: Begin by considering the required length of your paper. Whether it's a substantial 10-page paper or a more concise 5-page one, understanding the word count will help you determine the appropriate scope for your subject. This will inform whether your topic should be broad or more narrowly focused.
• Availability of Resources : Investigate the resources at your disposal. Check your school or community library for books and materials that can support your research. Additionally, explore online sources to ensure you have access to a variety of reference materials.
• Complexity and Clarity : Ensure you can effectively explain your chosen topic, regardless of how complex it may seem. If you encounter areas that are challenging to grasp fully, don't hesitate to seek guidance from experts or your professor. Clarity and understanding are key to producing a well-structured term paper.
• Avoiding Overused Concepts : Refrain from choosing overly trendy or overused topics. Mainstream subjects often fail to captivate the interest of your readers or instructors, as they can lead to repetitive content. Instead, opt for a unique angle or approach that adds depth to your paper.
• Manageability and Passion : While passion can drive your choice of topic, it's important to ensure that it is manageable within the given time frame and with the available resources. If necessary, consider scaling down a topic that remains intriguing and motivating to you, ensuring it aligns with your course objectives and personal interests.

Worrying About the Quality of Your Upcoming Essay?

"Being highly trained professionals, our writers can provide term paper help by creating a paper specifically tailored to your needs.

Term Paper Outline

Before embarking on the journey of writing a term paper, it's crucial to establish a well-structured outline. Be mindful of any specific formatting requirements your teacher may have in mind, as these will guide your outline's structure. Here's a basic format to help you get started:

• Cover Page: Begin with a cover page featuring your name, course number, teacher's name, and the deadline date, centered at the top.
• Abstract: Craft a concise summary of your work that informs readers about your paper's topic, its significance, and the key points you'll explore.
• Introduction: Commence your term paper introduction with a clear and compelling statement of your chosen topic. Explain why it's relevant and outline your approach to addressing it.
• Body: This section serves as the meat of academic papers, where you present the primary findings from your research. Provide detailed information about the topic to enhance the reader's understanding. Ensure you incorporate various viewpoints on the issue and conduct a thorough analysis of your research.
• Results: Share the insights and conclusions that your research has led you to. Discuss any shifts in your perspective or understanding that have occurred during the course of your project.
• Discussion: Conclude your term paper with a comprehensive summary of the topic and your findings. You can wrap up with a thought-provoking question or encourage readers to explore the subject further through their own research.

How to Write a Term Paper with 5 Steps

Before you begin your term paper, it's crucial to understand what a term paper proposal entails. This proposal serves as your way to introduce and justify your chosen topic to your instructor, and it must gain approval before you start writing the actual paper.

In your proposal, include recent studies or research related to your topic, along with proper references. Clearly explain the topic's relevance to your course, outline your objectives, and organize your ideas effectively. This helps your instructor grasp your term paper's direction. If needed, you can also seek assistance from our expert writers and buy term paper .

Draft the Abstract

The abstract is a critical element while writing a term paper, and it plays a crucial role in piquing the reader's interest. To create a captivating abstract, consider these key points from our dissertation writing service :

• Conciseness: Keep it short and to the point, around 150-250 words. No need for lengthy explanations.
• Highlight Key Elements: Summarize the problem you're addressing, your research methods, and primary findings or conclusions. For instance, if your paper discusses the impact of social media on mental health, mention your research methods and significant findings.
• Engagement: Make your abstract engaging. Use language that draws readers in. For example, if your paper explores the effects of artificial intelligence on the job market, you might begin with a question like, 'Is AI revolutionizing our work landscape, or should we prepare for the robots to take over?'
• Clarity: Avoid excessive jargon or technical terms to ensure accessibility to a wider audience.

Craft the Introduction

The introduction sets the stage for your entire term paper and should engage readers from the outset. To craft an intriguing introduction, consider these tips:

• Hook Your Audience: Start with a captivating hook, such as a thought-provoking question or a compelling statistic. For example, if your paper explores the impact of smartphone addiction, you could begin with, 'Can you remember the last time you went a whole day without checking your phone?'
• State Your Purpose: Clearly state the purpose of your paper and its relevance. If your term paper is about renewable energy's role in combating climate change, explain why this topic is essential in today's world.
• Provide a Roadmap: Briefly outline how your paper is structured. For instance, if your paper discusses the benefits of mindfulness meditation, mention that you will explore its effects on stress reduction, emotional well-being, and cognitive performance.
• Thesis Statement: Conclude your introduction with a concise thesis statement that encapsulates the central argument or message of your paper. In the case of a term paper on the impact of online education, your thesis might be: 'Online education is revolutionizing learning by providing accessibility, flexibility, and innovative teaching methods.'

Develop the Body Sections: Brainstorming Concepts and Content

Generate ideas and compose text: body sections.

The body of your term paper is where you present your research, arguments, and analysis. To generate ideas and write engaging text in the body sections, consider these strategies from our research paper writer :

• Structure Your Ideas: Organize your paper into sections or paragraphs, each addressing a specific aspect of your topic. For example, if your term paper explores the impact of social media on interpersonal relationships, you might have sections on communication patterns, privacy concerns, and emotional well-being.
• Support with Evidence: Back up your arguments with credible evidence, such as data, research findings, or expert opinions. For instance, when discussing the effects of social media on mental health, you can include statistics on social media usage and its correlation with anxiety or depression.
• Offer Diverse Perspectives: Acknowledge and explore various viewpoints on the topic. When writing about the pros and cons of genetic engineering, present both the potential benefits, like disease prevention, and the ethical concerns associated with altering human genetics.
• Use Engaging Examples: Incorporate real-life examples to illustrate your points. If your paper discusses the consequences of climate change, share specific instances of extreme weather events or environmental degradation to make the topic relatable.
• Ask Thought-Provoking Questions: Integrate questions throughout your text to engage readers and stimulate critical thinking. In a term paper on the future of artificial intelligence, you might ask, 'How will AI impact job markets and the concept of work in the coming years?'

Formulate the Conclusion

The conclusion section should provide a satisfying wrap-up of your arguments and insights. To craft a compelling term paper example conclusion, follow these steps:

• Revisit Your Thesis: Begin by restating your thesis statement. This reinforces the central message of your paper. For example, if your thesis is about the importance of biodiversity conservation, reiterate that biodiversity is crucial for ecological balance and human well-being.
• Summarize Key Points: Briefly recap the main points you've discussed in the body of your paper. For instance, if you've been exploring the impact of globalization on local economies, summarize the effects on industries, job markets, and cultural diversity.
• Emphasize Your Main Argument: Reaffirm the significance of your thesis and the overall message of your paper. Discuss why your findings are important or relevant in a broader context. If your term paper discusses the advantages of renewable energy, underscore its potential to combat climate change and reduce our reliance on fossil fuels.
• Offer a Thoughtful Reflection: Share your own reflections or insights about the topic. How has your understanding evolved during your research? Have you uncovered any unexpected findings or implications? If your paper discusses the future of space exploration, consider what it means for humanity's quest to explore the cosmos.
• End with Impact: Conclude your term paper with a powerful closing statement. You can leave the reader with a thought-provoking question, a call to action, or a reflection on the broader implications of your topic. For instance, if your paper is about the ethics of artificial intelligence, you could finish by asking, 'As AI continues to advance, what ethical considerations will guide our choices and decisions?'

Edit and Enhance the Initial Draft

After completing your initial draft, the revision and polishing phase is essential for improving your paper. Here's how to refine your work efficiently:

• Take a Break: Step back and return to your paper with a fresh perspective.
• Structure Check: Ensure your paper flows logically and transitions smoothly from the introduction to the conclusion.
• Clarity and Conciseness: Trim excess words for clarity and precision.
• Grammar and Style: Proofread for errors and ensure consistent style.
• Citations and References: Double-check your citations and reference list.
• Peer Review: Seek feedback from peers or professors for valuable insights.
• Enhance Intro and Conclusion: Make your introduction and conclusion engaging and impactful.
• Coherence Check: Ensure your arguments support your thesis consistently.
• Read Aloud: Reading your paper aloud helps identify issues.
• Final Proofread: Perform a thorough proofread to catch any remaining errors.

Term Paper Format

When formatting your term paper, consider its length and the required citation style, which depends on your research topic. Proper referencing is crucial to avoid plagiarism in academic writing. Common citation styles include APA and MLA.

If unsure how to cite term paper for social sciences, use the APA format, including the author's name, book title, publication year, publisher, and location when citing a book.

For liberal arts and humanities, MLA is common, requiring the publication name, date, and location for referencing.

Adhering to the appropriate term paper format and citation style ensures an organized and academically sound paper. Follow your instructor's guidelines for a polished and successful paper.

Term Paper Example

To access our term paper example, simply click the button below.

The timeline of events from 1776 to 1861, that, in the end, prompted the American Civil War, describes and relates to a number of subjects modern historians acknowledge as the origins and causes of the Civil War. In fact, pre-Civil War events had both long-term and short-term influences on the War—such as the election of Abraham Lincoln as the American president in 1860 that led to the Fall of Fort Sumter in April of the same year. In that period, contentions that surrounded states’ rights progressively exploded in Congress—since they were the initial events that formed after independence. Congress focused on resolving significant issues that affected the states, which led to further issues. In that order, the US’s history from 1776 to 1861 provides a rich history, as politicians brought forth dissimilarities, dissections, and tensions between the Southern US & the people of slave states, and the Northern states that were loyal to the Union. The events that unfolded from the period of 1776 to 1861 involved a series of issues because they promoted the great sectional crisis that led to political divisions and the build-up to the Civil War that made the North and the South seem like distinctive and timeless regions that predated the crisis itself.

Final Thoughts

In closing, approach the task of writing term papers with determination and a positive outlook. Begin well in advance, maintain organization, and have faith in your capabilities. Don't hesitate to seek assistance if required, and express your individual perspective with confidence. You're more than capable of succeeding in this endeavor!

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What is the Difference between a Term Paper and a Research Paper?

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• A Research Guide
• Writing Guide
• Assignment Writing

How to Write a Term Paper

• Purpose of a term paper
• How to start a term paper
• Structure and outline

Step-by-step writing guide

Standard term paper format.

• Term paper examples
• Writing tips

What is the purpose of a term paper?

How to start a term paper correctly.

• Choose your topic by focusing on what inspires you unless you are already given a topic.
• Take time to research and analyze your subject.
• Start with a term paper outline (see our templates in the next sections).
• Come up with a strong thesis statement before writing anything for body paragraphs.
• Provide topic sentences and practical examples.
• Provide a strong lesson in the conclusion if it suits the subject you write about.
• Edit and proofread available information for trustworthiness.

Term paper structure and outline

• Introduction. This is where you talk about the subject and a problem you are researching. It helps to introduce your thesis statement and explain the objectives that have been set.
• Body Paragraphs. As a rule, in writing college term papers, one must write down several subheadings and headings to divide ideas and arguments into several (at least four) paragraphs. As done below, each body paragraph should contain one idea and a strong topic sentence.
• Heading 1: History of the argument and background.
• Heading 2: Extent of the problem that you write about.
• Heading 3: Effects of the problem and possible causes.
• Heading 4: Possible solutions and outcomes.
• Conclusion. The final part should represent a strong summary and a response to your thesis statement.

Step 1: Data collection

Step 2: explaining research relevance, step 3: introducing your subject, step 4: literature review preparation, step 5: offering results and conclusions, step 6: structural term paper evaluation, step 7: check your citations and references.

Helpful term paper examples

• Term paper examples that earned an A grade from the University of Delaware
• Sample term paper offered by the Justus-Liebig Universitat Giessen
• Purdue Owl Lab Citation Formats Database
• Simon Fraser University Sample Term Paper

Term paper writing tips

• Choose a topic that inspires you if you have an opportunity. If you have been given an already existing prompt to write, research your subject online and ask about the use of course materials. It will help you to narrow things down and already have source materials for referencing purposes.
• If you can choose a subject to write a final paper for your course, think about something you can support with statistical data and some practical evidence.
• Most importantly, keep your term paper relevant to the main objectives of your study course.
• Keep your tone reflective and natural as you write.
• Double-check your grading rubric regarding limitations and obligatory requirements that must be met.
• Always proofread your term paper aloud!
• If you have an opportunity, consider editing your term paper with the help of a friend or a fellow college student.

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Home » Term Paper – Format, Examples and Writing Guide

Term Paper – Format, Examples and Writing Guide

Table of Contents

Definition:

Term paper is a type of academic writing assignment that is typically assigned to students at the end of a semester or term. It is usually a research-based paper that is meant to demonstrate the student’s understanding of a particular topic, as well as their ability to analyze and synthesize information from various sources.

Term papers are usually longer than other types of academic writing assignments and can range anywhere from 5 to 20 pages or more, depending on the level of study and the specific requirements of the assignment. They often require extensive research and the use of a variety of sources, including books, articles, and other academic publications.

Term Paper Format

The format of a term paper may vary depending on the specific requirements of your professor or institution. However, a typical term paper usually consists of the following sections:

• Title page: This should include the title of your paper, your name, the course name and number, your instructor’s name, and the date.
• Abstract : This is a brief summary of your paper, usually no more than 250 words. It should provide an overview of your topic, the research question or hypothesis, your methodology, and your main findings or conclusions.
• Introduction : This section should introduce your topic and provide background information on the subject. You should also state your research question or hypothesis and explain the importance of your research.
• Literature review : This section should review the existing literature on your topic. You should summarize the key findings and arguments made by other scholars and identify any gaps in the literature that your research aims to address.
• Methodology: This section should describe the methods you used to collect and analyze your data. You should explain your research design, sampling strategy, data collection methods, and data analysis techniques.
• Results : This section should present your findings. You can use tables, graphs, and charts to illustrate your data.
• Discussion : This section should interpret your findings and explain what they mean in relation to your research question or hypothesis. You should also discuss any limitations of your study and suggest areas for future research.
• Conclusion : This section should summarize your main findings and conclusions. You should also restate the importance of your research and its implications for the field.
• References : This section should list all the sources you cited in your paper using a specific citation style (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago).
• Appendices : This section should include any additional materials that are relevant to your study but not essential to your main argument (e.g., survey questions, interview transcripts).

Structure of Term Paper

Here’s an example structure for a term paper:

I. Introduction

A. Background information on the topic

B. Thesis statement

II. Literature Review

A. Overview of current literature on the topic

B. Discussion of key themes and findings from literature

C. Identification of gaps in current literature

III. Methodology

A. Description of research design

B. Discussion of data collection methods

C. Explanation of data analysis techniques

IV. Results

A. Presentation of findings

B. Analysis and interpretation of results

C. Comparison of results with previous studies

V. Discussion

A. Summary of key findings

B. Explanation of how results address the research questions

C. Implications of results for the field

VI. Conclusion

A. Recap of key points

B. Significance of findings

C. Future directions for research

VII. References

A. List of sources cited in the paper

How to Write Term Paper

Here are some steps to help you write a term paper:

• Choose a topic: Choose a topic that interests you and is relevant to your course. If your professor has assigned a topic, make sure you understand it and clarify any doubts before you start.
• Research : Conduct research on your topic by gathering information from various sources such as books, academic journals, and online resources. Take notes and organize your information systematically.
• Create an outline : Create an outline of your term paper by arranging your ideas and information in a logical sequence. Your outline should include an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion.
• Write a thesis statement: Write a clear and concise thesis statement that states the main idea of your paper. Your thesis statement should be included in your introduction.
• Write the introduction: The introduction should grab the reader’s attention, provide background information on your topic, and introduce your thesis statement.
• Write the body : The body of your paper should provide supporting evidence for your thesis statement. Use your research to provide details and examples to support your argument. Make sure to organize your ideas logically and use transition words to connect paragraphs.
• Write the conclusion : The conclusion should summarize your main points and restate your thesis statement. Avoid introducing new information in the conclusion.
• Edit and proofread: Edit and proofread your term paper carefully to ensure that it is free of errors and flows smoothly. Check for grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.
• Format and cite your sources: Follow the formatting guidelines provided by your professor and cite your sources properly using the appropriate citation style.
• Submit your paper : Submit your paper on time and according to the instructions provided by your professor.

Term Paper Example

Here’s an example of a term paper:

Title : The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Cybersecurity

As the world becomes more digitally interconnected, cybersecurity threats are increasing in frequency and sophistication. Traditional security measures are no longer enough to protect against these threats. This paper explores the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in cybersecurity, including how AI can be used to detect and respond to threats in real-time, the challenges of implementing AI in cybersecurity, and the potential ethical implications of AI-powered security systems. The paper concludes with recommendations for organizations looking to integrate AI into their cybersecurity strategies.

Introduction :

The increasing number of cybersecurity threats in recent years has led to a growing interest in the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to improve cybersecurity. AI has the ability to analyze vast amounts of data and identify patterns and anomalies that may indicate a security breach. Additionally, AI can automate responses to threats, allowing for faster and more effective mitigation of security incidents. However, there are also challenges associated with implementing AI in cybersecurity, such as the need for large amounts of high-quality data, the potential for AI systems to make mistakes, and the ethical considerations surrounding the use of AI in security.

Literature Review:

This section of the paper reviews existing research on the use of AI in cybersecurity. It begins by discussing the types of AI techniques used in cybersecurity, including machine learning, natural language processing, and neural networks. The literature review then explores the advantages of using AI in cybersecurity, such as its ability to detect previously unknown threats and its potential to reduce the workload of security analysts. However, the review also highlights some of the challenges associated with implementing AI in cybersecurity, such as the need for high-quality training data and the potential for AI systems to be fooled by sophisticated attacks.

Methodology :

To better understand the challenges and opportunities associated with using AI in cybersecurity, this paper conducted a survey of cybersecurity professionals working in a variety of industries. The survey included questions about the types of AI techniques used in their organizations, the challenges they faced when implementing AI in cybersecurity, and their perceptions of the ethical implications of using AI in security.

The results of the survey showed that while many organizations are interested in using AI in cybersecurity, they face several challenges when implementing these systems. These challenges include the need for high-quality training data, the potential for AI systems to be fooled by sophisticated attacks, and the difficulty of integrating AI with existing security systems. Additionally, many respondents expressed concerns about the ethical implications of using AI in security, such as the potential for AI to be biased or to make decisions that are harmful to individuals or society as a whole.

Discussion :

Based on the results of the survey and the existing literature, this paper discusses the potential benefits and risks of using AI in cybersecurity. It also provides recommendations for organizations looking to integrate AI into their security strategies, such as the need to prioritize data quality and to ensure that AI systems are transparent and accountable.

Conclusion :

While there are challenges associated with implementing AI in cybersecurity, the potential benefits of using these systems are significant. AI can help organizations detect and respond to threats more quickly and effectively, reducing the risk of security breaches. However, it is important for organizations to be aware of the potential ethical implications of using AI in security and to take steps to ensure that these systems are transparent and accountable.

References:

• Alkhaldi, S., Al-Daraiseh, A., & Lutfiyya, H. (2019). A Survey on Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Cyber Security. Journal of Information Security, 10(03), 191-207.
• Gartner. (2019). Gartner Top 10 Strategic Technology Trends for 2020. Retrieved from https://www.gartner.com/smarterwithgartner/gartner-top-10-strategic-technology-trends-for-2020/
• Kshetri, N. (2018). Blockchain’s roles in meeting key supply chain management objectives. International Journal of Information Management, 39, 80-89.
• Lipton, Z. C. (2018). The mythos of model interpretability. arXiv preprint arXiv:1606.03490.
• Schneier, B. (2019). Click Here to Kill Everybody: Security and Survival in a Hyper-Connected World. WW Norton & Company.
• Wahab, M. A., Rahman, M. S., & Islam, M. R. (2020). A Survey on AI Techniques in Cybersecurity. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 11(2), 22-27.

When to Write Term Paper

A term paper is usually a lengthy research paper that is assigned to students at the end of a term or semester. There are several situations when writing a term paper may be required, including:

• As a course requirement: In most cases, a term paper is required as part of the coursework for a particular course. It may be assigned by the instructor as a way of assessing the student’s understanding of the course material.
• To explore a specific topic : A term paper can be an excellent opportunity for students to explore a specific topic of interest in-depth. It allows them to conduct extensive research on the topic and develop their understanding of it.
• To develop critical thinking skills : Writing a term paper requires students to engage in critical thinking and analysis. It helps them to develop their ability to evaluate and interpret information, as well as to present their ideas in a clear and coherent manner.
• To prepare for future academic or professional pursuits: Writing a term paper can be an excellent way for students to prepare for future academic or professional pursuits. It can help them to develop the research and writing skills necessary for success in higher education or in a professional career.

Purpose of Term Paper

The main purposes of a term paper are:

• Demonstrate mastery of a subject: A term paper provides an opportunity for students to showcase their knowledge and understanding of a particular subject. It requires students to research and analyze the topic, and then present their findings in a clear and organized manner.
• Develop critical thinking skills: Writing a term paper requires students to think critically about their subject matter, analyzing various sources and viewpoints, and evaluating evidence to support their arguments.
• Improve writing skills : Writing a term paper helps students improve their writing skills, including organization, clarity, and coherence. It also requires them to follow specific formatting and citation guidelines, which can be valuable skills for future academic and professional endeavors.
• Contribute to academic discourse : A well-written term paper can contribute to academic discourse by presenting new insights, ideas, and arguments that add to the existing body of knowledge on a particular topic.
• Prepare for future research : Writing a term paper can help prepare students for future research, by teaching them how to conduct a literature review, evaluate sources, and formulate research questions and hypotheses. It can also help them develop research skills that they can apply in future academic or professional endeavors.

Advantages of Term Paper

There are several advantages of writing a term paper, including:

• In-depth exploration: Writing a term paper allows you to delve deeper into a specific topic, allowing you to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the subject matter.
• Improved writing skills: Writing a term paper involves extensive research, critical thinking, and the organization of ideas into a cohesive written document. As a result, writing a term paper can improve your writing skills significantly.
• Demonstration of knowledge: A well-written term paper demonstrates your knowledge and understanding of the subject matter, which can be beneficial for academic or professional purposes.
• Development of research skills : Writing a term paper requires conducting thorough research, analyzing data, and synthesizing information from various sources. This process can help you develop essential research skills that can be applied in many other areas.
• Enhancement of critical thinking : Writing a term paper encourages you to think critically, evaluate information, and develop well-supported arguments. These skills can be useful in many areas of life, including personal and professional decision-making.
• Preparation for further academic work : Writing a term paper is excellent preparation for more extensive academic projects, such as a thesis or dissertation.

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How to Write a Term Paper

How to Write a Term Paper - Getting to the Basics

A term paper is generally structured with an opening introduction, followed by several body paragraphs, and culminates with a conclusion. It articulates a central thesis statement, bolstered by corroborative evidence and critical analysis. The writing is formal in nature, adheres to a designated formatting style like APA or MLA, and is complemented by accurate citations and a comprehensive bibliography.

Writing a term paper is a structured process that demands careful planning and execution. Here’s a step-by-step approach to guide you:

• Understand the Assignment : Ensure you grasp the requirements, the topic's scope, and the deadline.
• Choose a Topic : Select a topic that is interesting to you and meets the assignment's criteria. It should be narrow enough to explore fully within the paper's constraints.
• Conduct Preliminary Research : Gather background information to further refine your topic, develop a thesis, and create a research question.
• Develop a Thesis Statement : This is the central argument or claim of your paper. It should be clear, concise, and arguable.
• Create an Outline : Organize your main points and supporting details into an outline. This will serve as a roadmap for your term paper.
• Conduct Detailed Research : Use credible sources to collect evidence and information that support your thesis. Take careful notes and keep track of your sources for citations.
• Write the Introduction : Start with a hook to grab the reader's interest, provide background information, and present your thesis statement.
• Write the Body : Each paragraph should focus on a single point that supports your thesis. Use evidence and analysis to back up each point.
• Write the Conclusion : Summarize your main points and restate the thesis in the context of the evidence you provided. Discuss the implications of your findings or future directions for research.
• Revise and Edit : Look for any gaps in logic or content, check for clarity and flow, and ensure each part of the paper supports your thesis. Edit for grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.
• Format Your Paper : Follow the required citation style (APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.) for your discipline, and ensure your paper adheres to all formatting guidelines.
• Final Review : Give your paper a final read-through, checking for coherence, structure, and formatting.
• Submit : Turn in your paper by the deadline, and ensure you have a copy saved for your records.

You always hear the word “term paper,” and in the most basic sense, it is the paper that sums up everything you have learned in a term or semester. Think of it as the ‘gate pass’ for a checkpoint in a game: you need to secure one by finishing one important challenge.

As every game requires, that particular challenge is not similar to other challenges you have encountered. Thus, you must conserve every remaining energy and time to prepare for the challenge.

Going back to our topic, term papers require your knowledge, effort, and time. You can only produce a faultless and astounding term paper once you have mastered the fundamental things you will continuously see in every paper you will be crafting in the coming semesters.

Research-Based

In a term paper, you may not want to ditch your personal experiences or observations when integrating what you have learned in a single term or semester. Most of the time, integrating salient findings and concepts from literature and other scholarly sources may be required depending on the type of paper you are asked to write.

A topic, especially if it is purely theoretical or academic, may warrant you to do a literature review and background research. Fret not, though, as this blog will guide you through making your term paper a work of research.

Since a term paper is research-based, it is almost always impossible not to involve critical thinking and analysis on a certain topic. After all, the best way to discuss a topic, especially if it is complex, is to break it down into pieces. Once disassembled, you can evaluate the evidence, examine its validity, and draw reasoned conclusions based on your findings.

Thesis Statement

You might be able to equate a term paper to an essay. They seem to get along, especially with the structure and purpose of writing. However, you can never go wrong with formulating a good thesis statement for your term paper.

As it is more similar to a research paper, a term paper can be quite long, so having a good thesis statement reinstates the main argument or purpose of your writing. It guides the entire direction of your paper and helps your reader grasp its focus– no matter how long and winding his or her experience will be.

Logical Flow

We may love a fun, creative, and often chaotic way of writing, especially when reading a narrative essay as a coursework assignment. Sorry to burst your bubbles, but a term paper may not follow the same route.

As a standard term paper is full of concepts, terms, arguments, and ideas, it deserves great attention to logic and organization. This means that each section of the paper must build up from the previous one, and transitions between paragraphs and sections should observe smoothness and coherence.

What is a Term Paper In Terms of Its Various Types and Forms

Writing a term paper entails preparation. You can only wish that you have a ton of brain cells and resources to help you finalize your paper that is good for submission– and a stellar score.

However, preparation is only one thing in the long-lasting process of term paper writing.

The term paper structure will still depend on the scope of analysis, as well as the categories of the term paper. Yes, you saw it correctly: types or categories of term papers may have different structures or, in most cases, purposes.

This part of your journey in term paper writing will acquaint you with different types of term papers according to purpose and structure. 

Analytical Paper

From the word itself, an analytical paper requires you to break down a concept, theory, or phenomenon into several parts. These parts may come in the form of elements, experiences, principles, and many other related components.

An analytical paper aims to examine these parts critically and evaluate them accordingly. Analytical papers are often found in social sciences and humanities, and they are mostly requested for a term paper writing service .

Possible topics that resemble your future topic under the mentioned fields are critiquing a philosophical theory or analyzing globalization's impact on a specific country's pop culture.

Argumentative Paper

What is a term paper without presenting a stance? In an argumentative term paper, your professor might give you a debatable or controversial topic that requires your critical thinking and persuasive skills to be utilized.

In this type of term paper, you must integrate a literature review and empirical evidence to support your stance and counter several opposing views. Argumentations are often found in several branches of the social sciences, such as law, ethics, and literature.

You may stumble upon topics like augmenting a controversial public policy or defending a particular interpretation of a literary piece.

Descriptive Paper

Fulfilling this type of term paper entails more than injecting fancy adjectives, imageries, and vivid narrations. When dealing with descriptive term papers, you must provide a detailed overview of a particular topic, event, phenomenon, or concept.

If you ask me how to format a term paper of this kind, the descriptive language used must be realistic and accurate, not just merely ornamental. This orientation would provide a seamless and truthful picture for the reader of your paper.

Although your term paper may be descriptive, objectivity should not be taken away. Descriptive term papers are mostly required in the natural sciences, such as physics, chemistry, Earth science, and biology. A perfect example is the description of the geological features of a national park. 

Comparative Papers

True to its name, this type of term paper compares and contrasts two or more theories, subjects, schools of thought, and approaches.

Upon taking the two major steps, you will need to analyze the similarities and differences between the elements, and you may formulate conclusions regarding their significance or implications. Comparative term papers are commonly seen in economics, political science, literature, sociology, and history.

A prime example might be comparing two distinct economic systems or analyzing the similarities and differences between political theories, such as Republicanism and Democracy.

Expository Papers

How to start a term paper of this type? We just have to take a hint at its name: it ‘exposes’ a piece of information. Elaborating on this, term papers adhering to this type explain or inform the prospective audience about a specific topic, concept, process, or phenomenon.

Since we are dealing with information, it has to be ensured that the latter must be accurate, truthful, and sufficient. Writing expository papers may also entail a handful of related writing tasks, such as defining key terms and organizing information according to related themes.

The fields that most likely require expository term papers are education, communication arts, journalism, and several liberal arts areas.

Grasping each type of term paper above may be quite a handful. Apart from preparing a term paper, you are confronted with a big challenge to choose a type or, in some cases, integrate one type into another.

Regardless of your writing decisions, you are always in for a treat: your term paper proposal will not be a failure if you are more than familiar with your purpose of writing one.

In addition, writing services like Studyfy let you access term paper help like no other. From your term paper outline to the final touches, an array of professional writers are present to provide personalized writing services for negotiable pricing.

What’s The Proper Term Paper Format? From the Ground Up

I am fully aware that you have been wired up with all the information you need to know about term papers, but do not falter yet, as we are just in the most needed part of this blog: formatting your term paper.

Writing a term paper will not be as polished and organized if you do not prepare your format ahead of your writing preparations. So, from conceptualizing your title to proofreading your paper, our tips and tricks will propel you to the towering heights of marks you have always aimed for.

Start Strong with Your Title Page

A well-established term paper will not be realized without a strong facade through a title page. Many students are seen as not focusing on this part of the paper, thinking that it does not hold as much importance as other parts, but if you are thinking the same, you need to change your mind.

Some instructors and professors look at the title page to check if you adhere to the formatting guidelines. If you are less likely to notice such inconsistencies, your professor might think you are not keen enough to eye important details in the rest of your paper.

Pro-Tip: As early as creating your title page, be sure to follow any specific formatting guidelines provided by your professor or academic institution, such as font size, spacing, and margin specifications.

Abstract– Concise Yet Complete

An abstract is likewise an important component of a term paper, just as in a research paper. It encapsulates the crucial pieces of information that the reader must know. It includes the background of the paper, methods, results, and implications of the findings.

While the abstract may require a specific word count that differs from one academic institution to another, it is generally preferred to keep everything short yet complete. Remember: the term paper itself will likely become wordy and extensive, so let us spare space for urgency on the paper’s abstract.

Pro-Tip : Keep everything concise and elaborate on the findings more than the background. The usual word count for an abstract is 150-200 words.

Term Paper’s Background: Where the Thesis Statement is Cleared Its Way

Term paper writing will get as fired up at this point since this part introduces the rationale or context of the paper, asking the question, “What is the topic all about?” In presenting the background, the introduction of the paper's main argument is given– the thesis statement.

This crucial part of the paper is often written as a declarative sentence or a question. To make everything clear and articulated, the paper’s background must provide an extensive exploration of the topic that could lead to formulating the thesis statement. There should be a profound connection between the rationale of the paper and its main purpose.

Pro-Tip : Term papers are more flexible than research papers and journal articles in terms of structuring their introduction. You may hook the reader's attention by putting an engaging opening sentence or anecdote.

Arranging Lit Review: To Each Its Own

Regardless of whether the literature review section of a term paper is separated or integrated into the introduction, this part must provide an extensive overview of existing research and scholarship relevant to the topic.

While one can put empirical and observational studies into the review, it is important to put a premium on reputable articles and research reports that are peer-reviewed and published in indexed journals. When no single guideline talks about a window period for acceptable literature, you may set one for yourself as a guide. 

Pro-Tip: Arrange the literature review thematically, chronologically, or topically, depending on the ways that you desire to highlight some aspects of your term paper.

To an Extensive Results and Discussion Section

Term papers will not be complete without the discussion section. This part seals the deal and is an important piece of a complex puzzle. It interprets the results in conjunction with the questions at hand and assesses their value by comparing them with previous studies according to their agreement or disagreement. 

Pro-Tip: When sourcing previous studies as points of reference for the results, always strive to find ones that both agree or disagree with them. This ensures the polarity and absence of bias in the reporting of the results.

Closing the Curtains with the Paper’s Conclusion

When concluding your term paper writing, always restate the thesis statement. It always feels right and justifiable if the main purpose of the entire term paper is reiterated in the last part of the paper. Apart from that, recommendations and final thoughts may be included in this section.

The conclusion section, deemed shorter than other key sections in the term paper, may come in a short paragraph or bullet format, depending on your guidelines.

Pro-Tip: New information that is not previously included in the paper is not welcome in the conclusion. You might need to write my term paper again if I committed a mistake. You may instead synthesize the key points and results and leave a lasting impression on your reader by either providing a strong closing statement or a reinforcement of the main argument of the term paper.

References and Appendices: Two Pieces That Complete

One may argue that writing term papers may not need references and appendices sections, but the material they provide may prove otherwise. Without the references, sources will not be identified nor assessed, leaving no room for integrity on the writer's part. 

Having no appendices section, on the other hand, does not provide enough context or additional information about the important plans that were executed during the creation of the paper. It is in these sections that small things matter.

Pro-Tip: Double-check the veracity of the references and appendices section. This may entail using the proper citation style for the reference titles and labeling the materials under the appendices section.

What’s a term paper? How to write a successful term paper?

A: A term paper is a type of academic paper that a student, typically from a higher academic institution such as a university, completes at the end of a semester or a term. Since it is considered a terminal requirement, writing a term paper requires one to conduct research, utilize higher-order thinking skills such as analysis, and present findings on a topic or subject by incorporating the knowledge and skills throughout the entirety of the term. 

Since a term paper qualifies as an academic paper, writing services offer custom term paper assistance whenever needed. It is only through tailor-fit writing assistance and professional guidance from seasoned writers that you can achieve a stellar grade without getting down a rough route, thanks to Studyfy.

How to write a term paper if there is a word count?

A word count may be a bummer for some, but it can motivate you to budget how you will use your words efficiently. Make sure to allocate several words strategically. It is recommended that the discussion section gets the highest allocation among all the term paper sections.

Your research and writing process can be influenced by the term paper format and word count. As academic papers often have a specific set of rules, make sure to follow them to the dot.

What is the general structure of a term paper? Is it the same as a research paper?

The universally accepted structure of a term paper is quite similar to a research report: title page, rationale/background, literature review, methodology, results and discussion, and references. An appendices section is optional but necessary for other fields of interest.

A good term paper is like a good research paper. Research papers, like other academic papers, follow the named predictable pattern; just make sure to present your own research through engaging body paragraphs and state primary and secondary sources, including other research papers you used while writing.

Are term papers similar to research papers? How similar and different is the writing process?

Term paper writing is similar to research writing in terms of structure and purpose. However, they differ in scope, audience, and length. While a term paper has a broader scope and is meant to be seen by the course instructor, a research paper has a narrower scope and is written for a wider academic audience. However, what's crucial is the thorough research process.

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Introduction

CDHE Nomination

AUCC Requirements

Course Description

Sample Policy Statements

Syllabus Sequencing Strategies

Sample Daily Syllabi

Lesson Plans

Reading Selection Recommendations

Assignments

Response Papers and Discussion Forums

Presentations

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Guide Contributors

Midterm Exam Example

This midterm exemplifies a common structure of an in-class exam. It is broken into four sections and each section focuses on one aspect of the class. Part one emphasizes literary theory and genre issues, the second requires students to discuss important passages/quotes from the texts, the third focuses on plot and other literary devices, and the last section consists of a few short essays which reinforce important concepts from the class. This exam provides students with a chance to earn a few extra credit points for knowing some of the more obscure information discussed in class.

E238 Midterm Exam      Name: _______________________

I.  Lectures —Fill in the blank with the correct answer for these definitions based on the major lectures and literary theory terms discussed in class: (2 points each)

1.  Much of Modernism’s pessimism stems from the brutal treatment of people toward each other during the historical event of __________________.

2.  The setting for dystopian literature is usually (time and place) ________________________.

3.  ______________ is one of the founders of Postcolonialism and author of Orientalism.

4.  Freud’s label for the subconscious including all of our instinctual desires or where the irrational in our psyches resides is called the ________________.

5.  _____________________ is the geographic-based term for creating new thought or activity according to Deleuze’s theory of Minor Literature.  An example would be a mouth meant originally for eating developing speech.

6.  A ‘back to nature’-type utopia is called ________________.

7.  The inability of consciousness to distinguish reality from fantasy, especially in technologically advanced postmodern cultures is called _________________.

8.  ___________________________ is a narrative technique in which a character’s thoughts or perceptions are presented as occurring in a random form, without regard for logical sequences, syntactic structure, distinctions between various levels of reality and the like.

9.  Kafka’s works reveal qualities of Minor Literature because he shows two levels of being a(n) ____________________.

10.  ________________ is the term for culturally constructed roles of masculine and feminine.

11.  Instead of the center, Postmodernism often makes the _______________ the topic of study or focus.

12.  _________________ is the term used for the Western hemisphere and its people.

13.  ‘Utopia’ is Greek for __________________ (two possibilities, but state only one—no E.C.).

14.  In Modernism, there was a societal shift from agrarian/farming production to ___________.

15.  One aspect that separates Postmodernism from Modernism is that Postmodernism celebrates the breakdown of _____________.

Extra Credit (2 points):  Realism was a reaction to what previous intellectual movement: _____________________ II. Quote Identification —State the title, author, and a brief overall idea of the following quotations: (4 points each—1 point each for title & author, and 2 points for significance)

“And there is a dignity in people; a solitude; even between husband and wife a gulf; and that one must respect . . . for one would not part with it oneself, or take it, against his will, from one’s husband, without losing one’s independence, one’s self-respect—something, after all, priceless.”

“He is superior to us.  We are all sinners.  Why, why is anyone superior to another? Why are we all sinners?”

“And these two triangles somehow canceled each other out, made an unpleasant, irritating X on her face, like a cross.  Her face was crossed out.”

“Slaves judged other slaves like the auctioneer and his clients judged them.  Was there no end to slavery?  Was a slave condemned to serve another Master as soon as he got rid of one?  Were overseers to be replaced by new overseers?  Was this some game, some fickle punishment for sins committed in former lives?  Slavery on top of slavery?  Would he ever be free to do what he pleased as long as he didn’t interfere with another man’s rights?  Slaves held each other in bondage; a hostile stare from one slave criticizing the behavior of another slave could be just as painful as a spiked collar—a gesture as fettering as a cage.”

“And so, while the women were in the next room, leaning against the desk to catch their breath, he broke out, changing direction four times, for he was truly at a loss about what to rescue first—when he saw the picture of the woman clad in nothing but furs hanging blatantly on the otherwise empty wall.  He quickly scrambled up to it and squeezed against the glass, which held him fast, soothing his hot belly.”

  III.  Plot and Characters —Answer the plot and character identification questions below.  You must get the answer correct in its entirety to get credit: (2 points each)

1.  The first name of Bakha’s sisteris _________________.

2.  Before leaving to Canada, Quickskill lives in a Northern town called __________________.

3.  Gregor Samsa’s father throws a(n) ________________ at Gregor’s back which becomes permanently embedded.

4.  _______________ is the name for the revolutionary group attempting to overthrow the Benefactor in We.

5.  Clarissa goes shopping for _______________ at the beginning of Mrs. Dalloway .

6.  The Hunger Artist is only allowed to fast for ________ days while performing for the towns.

7.  Swille’s slave in charge of domestic duties and who dances with Lincoln is _____________.

8.  ______________ befriends, tutors, and attempts to ‘grasp’ Clarissa’s daughter, Elizabeth.

9.  Charat Singh gives Bakha a(n) ______________.

10.  The narrative point of view in We is ________________________.

Extra Credit: (3 points) In Mrs. Dalloway, the woman whose countenance and demeanor is like a military general but needs men to write her letters to the paper is __________________________.

IV.  Short Essays —Choose two of the following and answer them in a short essay (one to two paragraphs each) on the back of this sheet.  Extra paper is available at my desk if needed.  Read the prompt directions carefully: (15 points each)

1.  Instead of some concept of a total ‘freedom’ or complete human agency/autonomy, we have explored the idea of ‘ways out’ for various characters and their predicaments.  Explain the possible ‘ways out’ for one character and her/his situation in a piece we read.  Which ‘ways out’ pose problems and which are favored?

2.  Discuss the idea of humanity’s inability to communicate in one of the pieces we read.

3.  Focusing on one character in a piece we read, discuss the character’s search for identity and what makes the search problematic.

4.  Discuss ‘subjective reality’ or the idea that people are trapped in their own minds.  What does that mean and how does one of the works portray this idea?  What symbols convey this idea?

5.  Discuss how one of the pieces we read shatters a traditional binary/dichotomy instituted by society.  You may focus on a character’s role, a theme, or an author’s twist on a genre.

10 Tips to Write Perfect Collge Mid Term Papers

• Jean Scheid
• Categories : College , Education
• Tags : Education college topics studying

What Are Mid Term Papers?

Often, students may get confused on what college mid term papers should contain. They are not really research papers, but more of a way to discuss a topic or make an argument for or against a topic, usually something you’ve discussed and learned in class.

A research paper, on the other hand, is usually longer in length, explores a topic deeply and may include many citations and much research. When you are handed a mid term, however, it doesn’t mean that research is not needed. This article will help you write the perfect mid term paper .

Listen to Your Professor

Writing a good college mid term paper often depends upon your instructor. When I was in college, I had a professor who didn’t assign our topic, but did give us topic choices or we could devise one of our own based on the information we had learned in the class so far. He also had, what at least I thought, were some strange stipulations including:

• The mid term must be folded in half diagonally, (no exceptions) before turned in.
• We had to have the paper stapled appropriately
• No photocopies (although that seemed reasonable)
• We had to use the MLA style of citation instead of the APA style
• The length was given in amount of words and pages

As a freshmen in college and this my first paper, not only didn’t I know the difference between the MLA and APA citation style , I was dumfounded at why the paper needed to be folded in half—diagonally. Not to question this professor who always told me I couldn’t manage time but I could manage myself, I set out to write the perfect college mid term paper.

Important Tips for Mid Term Papers

Before you stare at a blank computer screen ready to tackle that mid term, consider some of these tips:

• Topic – If your instructor gives you a topic, you’re set. If no topic is given, you may have to suggest a topic to your professor and have it approved. Don’t choose a topic that is way off base or has nothing to do with your class.
• Research – Sure you can just start writing, but does what you are writing make sense? It probably won’t unless you have a photographic memory and know everything taught in the class. Seek out sources to help you write your paper; remember some of your sources may even been your class textbook.
• Make an Outline – Consider how you want your paper to flow including a general idea of what you want your paper to cover. Write a few introductory sentences with bullet points you want to cover.
• Give it Sections - Like a letter, you should have an opening, the body or text of the term paper, and a conclusion that wraps everything up.
• Cite Sources – If you don’t know which citing style your instructor prefers, ask. Also, most professors really don’t like Wikipedia as a source so find other reliable sources.
• Only Include Relevant Data – If your term paper is to cover one topic and you include information that isn’t relevant, that’s usually the mark of a bad mid term.
• Grammar – Try and use good grammar and avoid typos. If you think your grammar needs work, have a grammar expert read the paper for you or seek the guidance of a good grammar book at the school library. Always proofread your mid term paper .
• Sentence Structure – No one wants to read a sentence that goes on and on. Your instructor may deduct points if they have to read and re-read sentences.
• Be Creative – Find ways to discuss your topic that are creative and will be enjoyable to read.
• Write it Yourself – With today’s world of the Internet, there are too many online sources that offer to write term papers for you. Not only is this a bad idea, your professor could find out you didn’t really write it.

Things to Avoid

Beyond the tips above, writing the perfect college mid term paper means understanding what you’re saying within the paper and being able to discuss it if asked. If you’re wondering how long it should take to write a mid term paper, do ask for instructions from your professor to obtain clarity on length and detail.

Read you draft term paper out loud or to someone else to help you check for errors or sentences that don’t make sense.

Never wait until the last minute to begin your college mid term paper, if you do, it will appear rushed and probably won’t receive the grade you want. After you’ve determined the topic, what you should discuss, and have the professors instructions at hand, you should be able to determine how much time you need to research and write your paper.

Skip the pretty paper and use plain white, good quality paper. No instructor I ever knew was impressed with colored paper or scented paper.

Finally, if you have a friend or relative who has written numerous college mid term papers, ask them if you can take a look at one of theirs. This can give you an idea of what one looks like, how it flows, what you should cover, and what you should leave out to create the perfect college mid term paper.

Things Your Professor Will Tell You

There are also some tried and true tips that most professors will tell you or at least hint at. Some of the helpful tips when writing a college mid term paper include learning how to use research source cards , organizing them and using highlighters, especially if you’ve have a lot of material to cover.

Professors also love it when you utilize different kinds of resources such as interviews, journals, newspapers, books, and the Internet, so make it a blend.

All instructors hate excuses , no matter what they are. If you think about it (really think about it), your professor has most likely given you ample time to write the paper.

If you’re not prepared to discuss your term paper, your professor will surely know either you didn’t write it or you just wrote something to make them happy. It’s also a good idea not to argue with your professor, unless they ask for a good argument. Most of the time, they do enjoy being right.

Finally, to make that college mid term paper the best you’ve ever written, don’t tell your professor that another professor doesn’t make you work as hard. Doing this is a sure fire way to have the instructor assign your even more work.

References:

• TipDeck: (5/25/10) https://tipdeck.com/how-to-write-a-term-paper
• University of Massachusetts (5/25/10) https://www.umassd.edu/specialprograms/info _lit/cite.html

Image Credit:

• Professor / Wikimedia Commons
• Test Taking Student / Wikimedia Commons

How To Write a Term Paper: A Guide That Works

30 June, 2020

16 minutes read

Author:  Mathieu Johnson

Once you’ve started your university career, you are going to be asked to present a term paper. What’s the difference between a term paper and a research paper? How can you write a good term? What’s the best way to structure it? Where can you find some tips to make the writing process faster? In this article, we’ll discuss a few tips to help you prepare a term paper quickly and professionally.

What Is a Term Paper… And What Is The First Step?

A term paper is a critical and analytical report on the topic or subject that you covered within the course of studies. It usually consists of two separate but equally important aspects: your own thoughts about the topic and a demonstration of your understanding of the existing literature. The main goal of this assignment is to summarize the material you learned and showcase your understanding of the topic. This aspect makes the term paper a universal instrument for assessing a student’s proficiency. It also explains why term papers cost so many points of your course grade.

We usually associate a term paper with a research paper , but although the concepts are quite similar, a research paper requires a more academic approach and a deeper investigation into the literature of your field of study.

To write an outstanding college term paper, you must understand that your professor has requested it in order to test your analytical thinking skills. You must collect relevant data, analyze it, and then make a summary or solve a particular problem. Such skills are highly relevant to the business world, so this type of the task is as practical as it is educational.

So, let’s start the preparation!

Before you begin writing

Unfortunately, there is no magical recipe that allows you to get everything done fast. You will need to choose the best way forward in whatever situation you find yourself, but here are some tips to help you prepare for the assignment.

To begin with, take the research stage seriously . Sometimes, when students are really interested in a topic, they only want to present their personal ideas about the problem. Unfortunately, if you’re not completely familiar with all the data from the various sources, you will need to reinvent the bicycle.

Term paper writing was never an easy ride. Well, not for our expert writers. Place an order with our term paper writing service and secure yourself an “A!”

In the initial stages of your research, investigate everything you can find on the topic . This may sound like a tall order, but you’ll find that it doesn’t actually entail that much reading. At this point you are only compiling the research, so you will be skimming through numerous prospects rather than reading them completely. Bear in mind that your aim is to get acquainted with the various aspects of your problem. The term paper summarizes the knowledge you gained within a course and requires to familiarize yourself with the research that other people have already made on your topic.

Thinking that your opinions are completely original and unique is quite egocentric, and it can get you into trouble. So, “your” thoughts about the problem are usually just somebody else’s statements that you have rephrased (or even a well-established academic concept!). Remember that your professor will be familiar with all the literature surrounding the issue: if you merely rewrite someone else’s thoughts and present them as your own (even if you don’t realize doing it), be prepared for criticism!

Applying a Structure To Your Term Paper

Once you have read all the leading authors and their approaches to your problem, it’s time to create a structure for your work. This is not yet an outline; you just need to decide what to write about. Sketch out the topic for the theoretical portion of your work and think about practical aspects and how you can approach the research in the best possible way.

At this point, you really need to call or email your supervisor . Your professor will have seen hundreds of term papers like yours (i.e., they have not yet been written, but a definite idea exists!) and will be prepared to give you feedback and advice. He or she will tell you what literature you have omitted, offer suggestions about what you should read, and give you feedback about your paper. It may well be that your approach has already occurred to somebody else, in which case there is no need to repeat it.

Choosing a Topic: Easy as Riding a Bike?

When you choose your topic, make sure you choose something that you are interested in . That’s our advice if you want a painless term paper. If you prefer to investigate a field that you’ve never really explored before, you can challenge yourself to do that, too. That might be sophisticated, but why not?

If you decide to investigate a topic or a problem that you are pretty familiar with, your writing will be more fluid. You will focus your attention on a specific aspect of the chosen field and expand your knowledge within that scope. On the contrary, choosing an unfamiliar subject matter can wash out your expertise.

Be prepared to change the topic if you find out that your research isn’t going anywhere. It might occur that you presuppose that your topic has a potential but somewhere at the stage of initial research, you find that it just won’t work. It’s always a good idea to consider two or three topics when you kick off the term paper writing – even if they are just different ways of examining the same problem. By doing this, you will be able to choose the best version, which may not be the one you started with at all!

Related Post: 100 Persuasive essay topics

Formulating a Thesis statement

Writing a proper thesis statement can also be challenging. To begin with, write down a couple of prominent ideas or concepts, then try to make rough drafts of them to see how they’ll work in the structural framework. You will probably find that one idea fits your style, interests, and knowledge base: you can choose that one as your thesis statement.

Remember that the thesis statement is the skeleton, the central concept of your paper. It is the elemental attribute of almost any academic paper – from master’s thesis to a simple five paragraph essay. If you do a thorough job on it, you will find that writing (and defending!) your argument is much easier.

Be aware that all of these stages are parts of a procedure – one leads to another. When writing a term paper, you should collect the material and wrap it up at the same time.

Planning – The Key To Success

Some people claim that they can write a term paper without any planning. In our opinion, this is impossible. If you don’t have a postgraduate degree and you aren’t a certified genius, you need to prepare an outline for your project. It may come as a surprise, but even people who claim otherwise actually prepare outlines – in their heads. But if you don’t have that much experience, use a pencil and your notebook to ensure that you don’t forget anything.

Don’t procrastinate on your College or University papers anymore. Get professional help with our essay writer !

That’s when we get to preparing your first draft . There’s only one thing to add here: do as many drafts as you need in order to achieve your goal. Understand that your aim is to create an excellent term paper and keep working at it until you are satisfied.

Term Paper Outline: Write Everything In The Proper Section!

In the Introduction , state the topic that you are going to investigate and the context of your work. This is the critical ‘selling’ moment of your work. In a nutshell, your introduction combined with a conclusion should give a sneak peek into what the whole paper is about. If your introduction is well-prepared, it will be quite complacent about the body of your project. The introduction must include an abstract that presents your thesis statement . You should explain your motivation (why should the reader be concerned about this problem?) , your methods (what scientific tools did you use?) , and the results (what you achieved) .

The Literature Review totally corresponds to its name – it is here to review the literature you compiled. Your professor will double check it to make sure that you understand the context of your argument. One more thing to add is: collect all the information you can! Ideally, you should read or at least glance through every book and author that you can find on the topic. Think of your task as a fascinating journey: if you approach it like that, reading hundreds of pages won’t seem like that much of a challenge.

In the Discussion , you must present the interpretations of the problem. Be honest, explain what you pieces of data you don’t agree with and what ideas and concepts you support. This section connects the dots between theory and practice when writing a term paper. Wherever possible, provide several interpretations of the subject matter, then choose the one(s) that are most relevant to the case you are presenting.

In the Body , focus on those arguments that prove your thesis statement. This section must be absolutely logical. If you have chosen a more complicated topic, use heading and sub-headings to improve the appearance of this section. While writing the body, keep your target audience (your professors) in mind. In other words, don’t just record the obvious causes/effects/solutions but also showcase your own findings – what you have discovered and how that proves your thesis statement. Demonstrate that you are familiar with the details and you will stun your readers with the prolific mastery of the topic.

Now, the Conclusion   is her to summarize both the content and the purpose of the paper. The most challenging part is not to make it too dry. Reiterate your thesis statement and briefly show how your results justified your proposition. At the very end, you can suggest a call to action or pose a rhetorical question or statement that leaves your reader wanting more.

What to do next?

When you have finished, reread your work a couple of times. You will almost certainly find a few faults, whether they are contextual, factual, syntactical, grammatical, or even simple spelling mistakes. A very useful tip is to wait for two or three days after writing your final draft to proofread it afterward. Your brain will have time to process the information, and you’ll be able to look at it with a fresh view.

When proofreading, take care to polish the structural problems. The skeleton (the logic and the thesis statement) should make sense. If they don’t, try to approach the problem from another perspective. The changes may take some time, but bear in mind that your objective is to produce professional work. Be patient!

After that, print the term paper. The human eye processes information differently on the paper than on a computer screen; that’s why you need to print it and take one final look for any possible mistakes. Even if you don’t see any serious defects, pay attention to formatting, punctuation, and synonyms. It’s an academic text, so make it shine!

Term Paper Sample

Be sure to check the sample of a term paper, completed by our writers. Use it as an example to perfect your own writing. Link:  Term Paper Sample: Consumer Buying Behavior .

The Do’s and Don’ts of Term Paper Writing

There you have the most important tips to help you succeed in writing a term paper. Now it’s up to you to stop reading and start writing!

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History of Information S10

Spring 2010, guidelines for the midterm paper.

1. Selection of sources. Selecting the appropriate sources for your research topic will be critical to your paper’s success.  You may have to go through a lot of material before you find the relevant sources for your topic.   Many times we have had the experience of thinking that an article or book is going to be about something based on it’s title and we were wrong.  Be patient.  Invest the time in the library and email us with questions.  Read bibliographies and footnotes from relevant work and follow those leads.  Engage in critical reading.  Ask: Who is the author?  What is their intention with this book, article or document?  Who is the author talking to?  What argument are they making?  How do they make this argument? Why is this important to examining my topic?  How does this work relate to other sources I am engaged with?  There are two different kinds of sources that you might engage with:

• Secondary sources are scholarly analysis of your topic.  Pick secondary sources that are of high quality.  A “scholarly source” would be a journal article or a book published by a scholar or researcher — but not, for example, an article in a popular magazine, a web site or blog, and not, it goes without saying, an article from Wikipedia, though that may be useful in locating scholarly references.  This often means that scholarly sources are cited by others and been debated.  Again, you might have to go through a lot of sources before you find the “right” ones for your paper.
• Primary sources get you as close to your topic as you can possibly get (e.g. images, newspaper articles, diaries, oral histories, government documents, maps, census data, movies, television transcripts, letters, comics, etc.).  Ideally we would like you to include primary sources in your paper.

2.  Citing and citations :

• The work that you hand in must be your own.  You are not allowed to collaborate or work with anyone in the class. You may show your work to someone outside of the class ONLY for the purposes of correcting grammar and spelling.
• You can use MLA, APA, or Chicago Manual of Style Author-Date formatted citations, but please pick only one format, and be consistent .
• A) “parenthetical citations” in the body of the text and then including a proper “works cited” section at the end, OR
• B) properly formatted footnotes for each citation with a bibliography at the end of the paper.
• In either case, make sure to include specific page numbers when you are quoting an author or referring to a specific passage. (Finn and Perkel 2009:22-24)
• If you aren’t sure on formatting rules, look them up online!
• You may paraphrase ideas from readings, videos, or lectures, but you must properly cite these passages as well. In other words, use citations even if you don’t quote .
• If you represent work as your own that is not, by failing to cite quotes and paraphrased ideas, it will be considered plagiarism in violation of the student code.
• When in doubt… send us an email.  If you have any questions about what needs to be cited, please let us know.

3. Formatting and Writing :

• The paper should be no longer than 2000 words not including references, footnotes, endnotes or bibliography.
• Please submit one electronic copy submitted via bSpace in the following format: FIRSTNAME-LASTNAME-103.doc.
• All essays must be typed and printed on 8.5″x11″ white/off-white paper.
• The first page of your essay will be a cover sheet.  On this page you will write your name and nothing else.  This is the only place where your name should appear on your essay.
• The second page of your essay will have  the TITLE of your essay.
• Please staple all sheets together in the top left hand corner
• Please use Times, Times New Roman, or Georgia, in 10, 11, or 12pt. No lower, no higher.
• Please use 1.5 or double spacing
• Please hand in well written prose with proper grammar and spelling. Take advantage of those spell checkers and grammar checkers that you have at your disposal.
• Please page number your essay in the header or footer. To avoid loose pages getting lost, put the title of your essay ( not your name ) in the header or footer.

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What Are Midterm Papers

Many professors decide to use midterm papers as a way to assess your understanding of the subjects covered in class. Any student who understands the significance of midterm papers often feels pressure related to an assignment of this nature, and for good reason. They can have a big effect on your grade while demonstrating what you have learned so far.

How to Structure a Common Midterm Paper?

Some students think that writing a midterm paper is a real headache. Actually, most professors assign it just to see what their students have learned during the first half of the course. To demonstrate it, you need to correctly structure your midterm paper. Usually, professors outline their main requirements. Follow them, and you will be able to get a high score for your assignment. A good midterm paper usually consists of:

• Introduction. All term papers need a good introduction. Otherwise, the impression will be spoiled immediately. Start with some interesting hooks. A midterm paper should also contain the formulation of a research question. Add the reasons you would give for formulating these questions. 
• Body of the paper. The body of the paper is where students present the most important information. It should be divided into several sections. The information here confirms the statement in the introductory section. That's why it's better to add a few examples here. Then your professor will understand how they relate back to the topic sentence and the claim itself. In this section, it is also important to show correct and logical argumentation within the field of research. Use a comparison of different theories, critical reflection of secondary literature, and presentation of different approaches.
• The conclusion should not take up more than 10% of your paper. It can be one paragraph in length, and it should restate the thesis statement. This section should also contain some kind of suggested actions: a call to action, a final question, or some final words of wisdom. A short and precise summary of your findings is the most important thing that should be in this paragraph.
• Documentation and formatting. The use of footnotes and references in the bibliography should be consistent. This will be determined by your college professor. 

The paper must meet at least 3,000 words. The word count doesn’t include the title page, abstract, or references page. There is no word maximum.

Academic Language

The tone used in academic writing is usually formal. This means that you should avoid colloquial speech while writing a midterm paper. If this is difficult for you, try reading books or articles, and see how they use the language.

For example, ‘international business heavyweights’ is too informal. Better wording would be ‘leading international businesses’ or ‘international business leaders’.

General Recommendations

There are a few more tips for writing a high-quality midterm paper:

• Gather everything you’ll need. Refer to a sufficient number of up-to-date sources. You can only arrive at a well-founded midterm paper if you have consulted a sufficient number of them. Regardless of the paper topic, have all the information on hand. Then it will be easier for you to focus and generate ideas for your work. Once you sit down to write, you don’t want to get up again and lose your focus or spend too much time searching for something.
• Write the appropriate thesis statement. If you realize that you have little argumentation for a thesis, do not think about it. Choose the option for which you have different sources. Otherwise, searching for information can take a lot of time, and you will break the deadline.
• If you refer to the works of others in your text, you should use what is known as a parenthetical citation (and not footnotes). Place all the relevant source information in parentheses after a quote or a paraphrase. Use the footnotes only for the information which would be included in your paper, but will disrupt the coherence of your argument.
• Search for a sample on the Internet. They are usually placed on academic homepages, university websites or writing sites. A good example helps to understand how to write such an academic paper. Other students will often know exactly how frustrated you are feeling and may well be very happy to offer their experiences and give you examples of their past work.

What Are Midterm Papers Services?

While searching for a paper format on the Internet, students also come across the writing services. Indeed, such an option exists. When there is not enough time, they turn to professional writers for help. For example, it is convenient when you have a full-time job or need to look after relatives. You can use any approach — write it yourself or ask for help. If you choose the first option, use the tips from this article, and you will be able to create a worthy paper.

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Midterm Paper Assignment

The purpose of this assignment is for you to explore a specific element of management, and to research the impact that the concept has on organizational outcomes.   Perhaps this is the first true midterm you have ever written, in which case I will give you a guideline for essay writing that you can use throughout the rest of your management education.  The essay must meet the following requirements:

The paper must meet at least 3,000 words.  The word count does not include the title page, abstract, or references page.  There is no word maximum.

The entire paper should be written in APA formatting.  If you have never used APA format, this is your time to learn.   A template is provided so that you can see what it looks like.   Review this website for more clarifications on APA format.

https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_style_introduction.html

Peer Reviewed Articles

The paper must contain at least five peer reviewed articles.  A peer reviewed article is one that is published by a journal that sends papers out to scholars to give feedback to authors prior to publishing.  It is a process that helps ensure research is done well, and right.  When you look for articles in the library database, there is a box you can check that will populate “peer review only”.  Peer reviewed articles come from journals that have a volume and issue number.

Academic language

There is a difference in the way we speak and in the way we write academic papers.  You should use professional language and avoid colloquial speech.  If you are new to academic writing, I would encourage you read articles, or textbooks and see how they use language, or how the authors make transitions between paragraphs and ideas.  For example, when you are citing an article, you should use the last name and year.   “Lloyd (2020) found that . . . .”  You should avoid use of language like “The article talked about. . . .” etc.  Finally, this is an academic paper, and should focus ONLY on what the research has to say.  There should be no personal stories or personal opinions.  Avoid completely the use of the pronouns I or me.

Adequate Description of the Organizational Outcomes

Now comes the heart of the assignment.   Your task is to research a specific element or tool of management by seeing what the research shows as the organizational outcomes.   You will choose a concept from the list below and then see what the academic research has found.  The outcomes might be positive or negative.   When you research the concepts you should be asking the question, what happens when this concept or tool is done well in organizations?  What happens when this concept is done poorly?  Your findings can be a mix of both positive and negative if you find research to support it.   For example, one of the concepts is conflict management.   As you research this concept, you should find research that sees what happens when an organization manages conflict well.  What happens when they do it poorly?  You might find outcomes such as the impact on turnover, loyalty, customer service quality, profitability, employee retention, etc.   The list provided is a blend of management characteristics, tools, or general concepts within management.  Whichever you choose, your task is to figure out what the impact is on the organization.  The outcomes will vary and probably come from different contexts, and you might find one article that discusses the outcomes in one industry, and outcomes from a different industry for the other two.  This is fine.

STEP BY STEP GUIDE

Here is a step by step guide.  I am using “emotional intelligence” as my concept.  This concept is not on the list, and therefore not available for you to use.  I chose it to illustrate how to write the mid-term.

Choose a concept from the list.

• Relevance – The introduction should be around two paragraphs. In the first paragraph, tell me why the topic is important or relevant.   Give general background.
• Transition – You have described the subject at a high level and given me the overarching theme. You need a transition sentence to lead your reader to the thesis statement.    For example, if you are writing about emotional intelligence’s impact on managerial outcomes you would start your essay by describing emotional intelligence – what we know about it, why its important, all at a high level.   Then to start your second paragraph you need to transition.   “Emotional intelligence is relevant to a wide scope of fields, and research shows that it can have a profound impact on managerial practice.”
• Thesis – Then you can begin your thesis. I recommend the following formula for the thesis:

The purpose of this paper is to describe how X leads to outcome 1, outcome 2, and outcome 3. 

For example, a thesis might look like this:

The purpose of this paper is to describe how emotional intelligence in management can lead to lower levels of turnover, increased teamwork, and higher levels of job satisfaction in direct reports.

To support the argument that emotional intelligence leads to these positive outcomes, you need to find research to support it.   Go to the library database and type in various keywords to find peer-reviewed articles that support each of the three outcomes.  I typed “emotional intelligence + organizational outcomes.”  If this yields no results, try to guess as to what the outcomes might be, and type that in as a keyword.  To build your thesis, you need to have already done this step to ensure that there is adequate support for the argument.   Let’s go back to the case we are building.   I found the following articles to support each pillar:

Lower turnover:

Glodstein, D. (2014). Recruitment and retention: Could emotional intelligence be the answer. Journal of New Business Ideas and Trends, 12 (2), 14-21.

Increased teamwork:

Farh, C., Seo, M., Tesluk, P., & Kozlowski, Steve W. J. (2012). Emotional Intelligence, Teamwork Effectiveness, and Job Performance: The Moderating Role of Job Context.  Journal of Applied Psychology,97 (4), 890-900.

Job Satisfaction:

Shi, M., Yan, X., You, X., & Li, J. (2015). Core Self-evaluations, Emotional Intelligence and Job Satisfaction in Chinese Soldiers. Social Indicators Research, 124 (1), 221-229.

These articles are peer-reviewed and support the ideas in each outcome.   To make an easy roadmap, make your headings the same as each pillar from your thesis.

Make a recommendation, give advice, recount main points, and express what research can be taken next in the field.  Make it interesting and give me closure.  One of the most common errors students make in the conclusion is to use second person “you” to make general statements. While second person should always be avoided in academic writing, the most important reason not to use it in the conclusion is that it almost always changes the entire focus of the paper.

Good tips to follow for academic writing

• Do not use statements like “The article talks about”
• Do not use statements like “The book talked about”
• Do not use statements like “I will use peer-reviewed articles to cover…”
•  Lloyd (2018) found that . . . .
• A study conducted by Lloyd (2018) found that . . . .
• Shermerhorn (2016) offers that management. . . .
• “Emotional intelligence leads to higher levels of autonomy and improved communication” (Lloyd, 2018, p. 4)

The Four Functions of Management Copyright © 2020 by Dr. Robert Lloyd and Dr. Wayne Aho is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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• General Information

COS448: Innovating Across Technology, Business & Markets

Jaswinder singh, midterm paper.

The midterm paper is the first major step toward your final project. You will produce the first layout of your business model and product offering, both of which will evolve throughout the semester as you try to validate your initial hypotheses. See ( http://bit.ly/sb_cust ) for more details on what that means. For the second half of the semester, we will ask you to interact with real customers, partners, providers etc to evaluate your business model, in addition to developing your product offering.

We don't want you to write a lot. But we want you to think and research a lot. Please read the questions below, and then think hard about them in very specific terms with regard to your company/situation. We encourage you to do research thinking about your business model and your offering. Your choices here will be a major determinant of how well you satisfy some of the below criteria, and hence of your grade. A great paper will have spent a relatively small amount of time writing relative to the amount of time spent thinking and researching.

The paper will be graded based on the following criteria:

• Crisp writing: crisp, to the point writing is very important; don't caveat too much, and don't try to be polite or complete in covering all bases
• Quality, Creativity, Originality and Clarity of Thought: choice of company/product in light of questions asked, thinking out of the box, coming up with interesting, original solutions and ideas and non-textbook points of view, clear thinking and exposition
• Judgment: The choice of company/offering, and especially the richness of the issues it exposes per the questions below. So please think hard about that up front: a company that exposes interesting tradeoffs will stand you in good stead
• Realism: The realism of the company's situation and the issues you examine. All companies have challenges and opportunities, and they are usually very specific to the company itself
• Domain knowledge in technology and business: demonstrating deep understanding of technical and business issues. You are strongly encouraged to do research on the Web to acquire this knowledge
• Choice and exposition of tradeoffs: the section on design and technical tradeoffs will carry more weight than other sections, so we encourage you to spend more time on it -- we are looking for specific trade-offs that are important to the business/product and that don't have an obvious answer
• Language: good writing in general
• References: citing relevant material, including online resources you use

Apart from the paper, we want you to fill out a business model canvas in order for you and us to keep track of the evolution of your business model. Specifically we will be using Alexander Osterwalder’s business model canvas as our layout. It can be downloaded here . For explanation of the canvas, it is strongly recommended to watch Steve Blank’s Udacity lectures. They are available here . We don’t mean to endorse one philosophy over another, but this canvas is useful for our purposes. You may also want to take a look at the books Business Model Generation by Alexander Osterwalder and The Startup Owner’s Manual by Steve Blank. Most importantly, talk to us about the details, show us your prototype, and ask us questions. We are available to you and want to help you create a great artifact. Many of the questions below are closely related to how you should be filling your canvas, and are structured in a way to guide you through the process.

• Why are you starting this company?
• What change do you want to achieve in the world, or what do you want the world to look like as a result of your startup?

B. Customers and Market

• Estimate the overall size of your target market. Use the metric you deem most appropriate - eg. number of users, dollar spent, page views etc.
• What percentage of market share can you hope to achieve? Why? In what time frame?
• Who are your customers? How would you segment them?
• For each segment, what is the value proposition to them - why would they buy or use your product/service? Is your offering a pain-killer (a must-have) or a vitamin (a nice-to-have) for the customer?
• Within the broad group of customers to which your offering is applicable, what are segments of non-customers, i.e. people who are unlikely to buy or use your offering in the near term? Why are they non-customers?

C. Competition

• Who are your competitors? What is the basis of the competition? e.g. price, market size.
• What are your strengths? What is your competitive advantage?
• What are the current barriers to entry? e.g. distribution channels, high fixed costs
• Who might your future competition be? What barriers to entry can you raise to prevent them from entering? e.g. intellectual property

D. Strategy

• What is your product strategy? What are the characteristics of your initial product and how will they evolve over time?
• What is your go-to-market strategy? What segment of customers are you planning to target first, and how will your customer-base evolve over time?
• Does your product have potential for network or viral effects? If so, how do you plan to exploit this potential?

E. Product and Design

• Who are the users of your product (may or may not be the same as the customers)? Identify the major segments.
• For each segment, what are the primary use cases?
• How well do existing products serve these use cases? How will your product better serve them?
• What is your “Minimum Viable Product”? What key features/services should you build first?
• What are the important Metrics or Key Performance Indicators that are most important for your company? How do you plan to measure them and how will they influence your future product decisions. (For more information on metrics, refer to Dave McClure’s “Startup Metrics for Pirates”)

F. Customer Acquisition

• How are you going to create initial demand? What are your initial customer/user acquisition strategies? Make sure to explain for every customer archetype, if different.
• What distribution channels would you use to get your product to customers/users?
• What is your customer acquisition cost for each of the above approaches? For each channel, explain the channel economics.
• Conduct a survey and/or talk to potential customers. How many people have heard of your product so far (awareness)? What percentage of them are interested in your product (interest)? What percentage of these actually thinking of buying your product (consideration)? What percentage of them actually have bought the product (purchase)? Talk to at least 20 customers for physical products and talk to at least 100 customers for virtual products.

G. Revenue and Pricing

• How do you make money, and from whom? What are the major revenue streams?
• How are you going to price your product? What is the pricing strategy for each revenue stream and why? Value pricing, volume pricing, negotiated pricing, auctions, freemium, leasing etc.
• How much are customers currently paying for alternatives or substitutes to your product?
• Which approach are you planning to take: a “user growth first” approach or a “revenue first” approach, or a “quick path to profitability” approach? Why?
• Draw the payment flow diagram (see an example here   http://bit.ly/payment_flow )
• What is your key sources of fixed cost?
• What are your key sources of variable cost?
• What are the biggest drivers of cost in your business model? How can you reduce them in the future?
• If your costs are primarily fixed, in what timeframe can you reach breakeven? If your costs are primarily variable, what is your operating profit margin?

I. Raising Money

• Do you need to raise money? If so, how much do you plan to raise and in what timeframe, and why? What do you plan to use it for?
• What kind of investor do you plan to raise from, if any and why would you choose this over other forms of funding? e.g. Angel, VC, Incubators
• Have you been in touch with any potential investors? If so, describe your conversation. If not, how do you plan to get in touch with them and pitch?

Answer the next questions assuming the role of CTO

A. Product Design and Development:

1. When designing and developing new products and/or services, what are the most important technical decisions you would take into account early on versus later on ? What are the steps that you consider important in taking an idea from design to implementation? Please make sure to communicate the high level principles, while talking about the specific examples from your company.

2. Differentiation, in terms of technology and product capabilities, technical barriers to entry (if any) in the specific market that the company is operating in. If there aren't any real technical barriers, clearly state that.

3. What are the next three top development priorities in the product area, and why. Explain in some depth, and again in the specific context of your business and offering.

B. Product and/or Technical Trade-offs:

A description of three major technical design decisions (technology or product related) that will need to be made by the company in the near future. For each, state the major options and their pros and cons, and then state your proposed option and explain why you plan to choose it and what the risks with it are. Explain in some depth, and again in the specific context of your business and offering. You need to be specific enough and give sufficient technical and business related details, and yet keep your target audience (non technical board of directors) in mind.

C. Strategic Trade-offs:

A description of three major strategic trade-offs or decisions that you made or will need to make in the near future. For each, state the the major options and their pros and cons, and then state your proposed option and explain why you plan to choose it and what the risks with it are. For example, you can talk about decisions related to your target customers, business model, monetization strategy, customer acquisition strategy or strategic partnerships.

What to Submit

One submission per group, please.

Midterm Paper:

• single pdf file
• at most 10 pages (excluding cover page)
• font size of at least 11
• one of the following fonts: Arial, Times New Roman or Calibri
• at least 1 inch margin on every side

Business Canvas

• single separate pdf file
• containing only keywords / phrases
• preferably colored

Where to Submit

When to submit.

Submit by 11:59pm on Wednesday 3/26

You will not get any credit for late submissions. We will grant extensions only in the case of illness (with a doctor's note) or extraordinary circumstances. Extracurricular activities and heavy workloads in other classes don't count as "extraordinary", no matter how unexpected or important or time-consuming. Please let us know ahead of time if illness or an extraordinary circumstance will cause you to submit a writeup or paper late, then you should discuss the matter with your instructor as soon as possible.

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