how to write pros and cons in an essay

How to Write a Pros & Cons Essay: Step-By-Step Guide

Trying to convince someone to take your word on a particular subject isn’t straightforward. You must present convincing arguments backed by proof to encourage your opponent to change their mind. Moreover, the pros and cons essay must also cover the opposing standpoints.

You may wonder why this is relevant. Undoubtedly, most issues in our modern society are multidimensional and double or often triple-sided. There’s no concept clearly black and white, for the simple reason that no two people on Earth have an identical point of view.

Therefore, writing pro and con essays is vital for students of all ages. In the process, you will learn to think analytically and reason things from different angles. Whatever your thoughts on the topic, you must prove your point by offering convincing evidence and facts.

For those who never had the chance to write a pros & cons essay, the time has come to take the plunge. The start may be intimidating, but you’ll soon get the hang of it. To help you, we list a few helpful tips and examples to consider for your pro and con paper.

What Is a Pros and Cons Essay?

Before you set your aims high, let’s explain what for and against essays are. You must also understand the importance of this kind of academic assignment to write efficiently. A pros & cons essay is a written task that elaborates on the advantages and disadvantages of a specific problem. The paper covers different sides of a single topic where your argument prevails.

The most challenging aspect for students is that they can’t just list the benefits and drawbacks of a pressing matter. Instead, they must summarize ideas, like when writing a synthesis essay , and pick a side by stating their point. Moreover, the paper must have a logical flow that ends with your attitude.

The introduction should signpost the direction in which you’re steering. State your opinion only after you’ve meticulously analyzed all for and against arguments.

What to Consider When Writing a Pros and Cons Essay

A Compelling Topic

The topic you choose must have inherent positive and negative sides. Avoid themes with evident benefits and no disadvantages. Similarly, skip obviously disadvantageous topics because those are tiresome and time-consuming. For example, write about an issue with pronounced bad and good sides, such as advertising, online education, or modern technologies. However, the ultimate decision will depend on the course specifics and your professor’s guidelines.

Relevant Ideas

Your work must offer a unique perspective on a central idea. And you must support the main claim with at least three arguments. Including every possible pro and con will overwhelm the reader and won’t make your work impactful.

Instead, write about the core aspects of the issue. You can find numerous relevant examples on Paperell if you lack inspiration. Also, ensure you discuss the strongest point at the onset. Similarly, refute the most relevant con in the end to demonstrate your ability to handle opposing views.

Write in the traditional format. It should consist of an introduction, middle paragraphs (one paragraph for each idea), and a conclusion. Use short and concise sentences to avoid losing yourself in your thoughts. Run-on sentences will confuse the reader and impede seamless reading.

Originality

Refrain from copying other works without including quotations. Your paper must be 100% authentic. If you decide to seek assistance from a platform that offers online essays for sale , ensure it is reliable. Most custom paper services abide by strict academic standards and deliver plagiarism-free work.

Make sure your ideas are relevant, supported by facts, and not arbitrary. Also, typos are unacceptable for these kinds of assignments. To avoid losing points on technical aspects, review your grammatical structures and use plenty of synonyms for the keywords in the essay.

How to Write a Pros and Cons Essay?

For a rookie, the essay composition process might prove an uphill task. However, with practice, you’ll become more efficient and productive. Here is a step-by-step guide on how to write your essay.

Do Thorough Research

Examine the assigned topic and focus on important information on the subject. Try to find credible sources that are objective and fact-based. Though you probably have an opinion on the problem, don’t let it blur your objectivity.

Brainstorm the Advantages and Disadvantages

Once you find enough positive and negative sides of the matter, write them in a list. Ensure you provide examples for each point, as you’d do in exemplification essay writing for your college assignments. Write two columns and rate items by relevance. The top three benefits should go in the paper.

Draft the Essay Skeleton

Decide what outline you’ll use. One approach is to write each pro and con in different paragraphs. Alternatively, you might want to dedicate every paragraph to one aspect of the dilemma, discussing both pros and cons simultaneously.

Be Creative

Start your journey with an attention-grabbing idea that urges your audience to keep reading. To this end, choose a hook for an essay that is topic-related and amusing. Also, when writing a pros and cons paper, the thesis statement should tell the reader what follows.

In the body section, discuss the points you decided to include but with examples and facts. Each paragraph should start with a topic sentence, and all explanations should relate to the main claim. The conclusion must summarize the essay, restate your position, and compel the reader to contemplate the problem.

Editing and proofreading your work is critical for an impeccable essay. Ensure your punctuation, spelling, and grammar are error-free.

Plagiarism Free Pros & Cons Essay

Writing a 100% original manuscript isn’t straightforward. As much as you try to paraphrase, sophisticated tools recognize your attempts. The same will happen with the trained eye of your professor. Consider the following tips to avoid plagiarized essays.

Cite Properly

Citations are vital, so you must give credit to all sources you’re using in your paper. This way, you show you can borrow information with integrity. Failure to include quotations and references is plagiarism. The best way to cite a study or research is to follow the APA style.

Use a Plagiarism Checker

Your teachers use specialized tools to check the plagiarism level in your essay. Doing this will spare you a lot of trouble and effort. Try your free plagiarism checker with percentage to get a detailed report on your work. If you spot copied content, rewrite it to express your ideas differently.

Be Original

Pros and cons essays reveal your side on a specific subject. Hence, there’s nothing wrong with sticking to your opinions. With original ideas, you won’t have to worry about plagiarism. Still, always base your thoughts on relevant research and use the conclusion to call for action. Need help with the pros and cons essay? You can pay for papers online to get professional help. Also, ask your instructors or teachers to help you understand the topic.

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6.3.5: How to Write an Argument Essay

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First, you need to determine what kind of argument you are writing. Are you writing a position paper? Sample topics would include illegal immigration, wolf protection programs, paying college athletes. Or, are you writing a solution paper, solving a problem? Sample topics include bullying, homelessness, pollution. Next, identify what you already know about this topic. Write a brief outline establishing what you want to argue on this topic. Establish the purpose of your argument. Establishing this before you start researching the topic will make it easier for you to determine what you need to cite in your paper. Next choose an appropriate format.

Organizing the Argument Essay

The two most common organization methods for the argument essay are as follows:

Rebuttal Throughout - only works with pro/con topics
Introduction & Thesis Statement
Define key words and terms that will help to define the parameters of your argument
Provide background information. If I want to solve global warming, I first need to explain what it is and how it works, so I can show readers how my solution will fix it.
Establish the severity of the problem. In real life, solutions cost money. If you want taxpayers to pay for it, you need to clearly establish that the problem is severe and must be addressed.
Give statistics on overcrowding
Give statistics on future problems if no solution is provided
Explain how the process will help
Explain how if appeal process is limited this will further help the situation
Give statistics on repeat offenders who commit murder
Give statistics if this is not stopped
Explain how process would work if implemented
Explain how this would also stop overcrowding because repeat offenders would not be imprisoned
Give statistics on the cost of housing
Compare that to the cost of a limited appeal process
Explain how this will work if implemented
Explain how this too relates to previous info
List a few of the opposition's counterarguments (three)
Take each one, one at a time, and supply statistics to prove it wrong, example would be to prove that innocent people won’t be executed
#2 Rebuttal: No other democracy uses it, their side, your side with statistics to prove them wrong
#3 Rebuttal: Death penalty cheapens value of life: their side, your side with statistics to back it up.

Rebuttal Throughout

Introduction and thesis
Opposition’s side
Your rebuttal argument
Statistics to support your side and prove them wrong
Explanation of how this will help society

From Prewriting to Rough Draft

The argument is often the most difficult of essays for students to begin. We are many times as unsure of our positions as we are of our reasons for our positions on controversial topics. “Because that’s what I believe” is only the starting point. Explaining why you believe in your position is the task of the argument. In exploring a topic for a strong argument, solid reasons and sound evidence are keys to convincing your audience of your position. The following steps should help you work through the process of moving from belief to argument.

Choose a topic that you can argue either a position or a solution. For example, to argue a position would be to argue for or against something, like the death penalty. To argue a solution is to argue how to solve something, like how to solve the air pollution problem in Phoenix.

Example: The Effects of Political Correctness on Higher Education

On a blank sheet of paper, write your topic down and at least five reasons in support of and five reasons against your topic. Or, if you are writing a solution paper, look at least five different solutions for the problem.

See how the pros and cons relate. Decide which you want to write about. Do you want to focus on the pros or the cons? Pick the one you feel offers the most possibilities for exploration. Or, choose the solution that seems the most logical, the most doable.

Freewrite. Look at Chapter 1 and follow the prewriting process.

Transform your chosen topic into a “Guiding Question” and write it down. What is the main question that your essay will answer?

Example: What are three main effects of Political Correctness on Higher Education.

Find a variety of initial sources to help you answer your guiding question. You must use these sources in your work either in a quote, paraphrase and/or summary.

Use database sources and web pages. Be sure and turn in copies of your resources with your final paper. Print and annotate them. And keep them handy: many instructors will not accept any paper without the sources turned in as well.
Create a Works Cited page from your sources.

Now that you have gathered your information and collected new information, create an outline of your paper.

Answer your “Guiding Question” directly with your thesis statement.

Example: Why are literary works being banned when their overall theme is positive? Because of over-zealous proponents of Political Correctness, once celebrated literary works like Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn , William Shakespeare’s Hamlet , and Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird are being banned despite their important universal themes.

Check your outline. Place your thesis at the top of the outline followed by the causes and/or effects: I. II. III. Under each main point, place two main specific points that will support the general topic sentence and the thesis. Use capital letters for the specific points.

Write the rough draft.

Step Eleven

Revise the rough draft using the tips in Chapter 4. If your instructor schedules a peer review, be present. You may also visit your college’s writing center and work with a tutor. Revise again and edit your draft until you have a solid, well developed and unique argument.

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What is a Pro and Con Thesis?

Tips for writing a pro & con thesis:, 1. research your topic, 2. brainstorm pros and cons, 3. take a stand, 4. put it together, how to write a pro & con thesis statement.

You may be required to write a paper evaluating the pros and cons of a particular issue, providing both positive and negative attributes of a specific subject as well as your position.

It tells readers what you want them to know or consider about the topic after reading your essay.

The key to developing a pro and con thesis statement that includes the most relevant information is research.

Research helps you become better informed and determine what it is about your topic you want to examine.

Gather resources that help you establish inferences or raise questions.
Use information gathered from credible sources to determine your position, support your claim, and defend your viewpoints against opposing arguments.

Informed writers write a more authoritative thesis statement.

Once you have completed your research, brainstorm and list all pros and cons you can think of concerning your topic.

This can be done by separating positive from negative sides or randomly listing them together.
Try to develop a counterpoint for each pro and con.
You need at least three pros and cons for a sufficient argument.

A strong thesis statement is one that takes a stand and can be defended.

Decide which side of the argument you support and group all your thoughts into one central theme.

In order to take a stand, you must know opposing viewpoints and provide evidence against them.

Your viewpoints must be clearly defined, and all of your pro and con points should prove your thesis or disprove the opposing side.
Do not use words such as “I believe” or “I feel” in your thesis statement.
Your opinion of the topic must be a powerful statement that fits the facts.

A formula for putting together a pro and con thesis statement that shows both positive and negative benefits and chooses a position is by making a claim plus reason.

Make your claim and give the reason for it.

A claim plus reason thesis allows the writer to determine the focus, simplifies the relationship between ideas and keeps the reader focused on the viewpoint.

you may decide to write about the effects of being a child star and state the thesis like this: “Although being a child star can be a learning experience and a stepping stone to a successful adult acting career, it can be harmful because a child actor has an unstable school schedule, less social activity with other children and more exposure to adult subject matter.”
Using a claim plus reason formula gives your reader enough detail about the topic to grasp your argument.

I am a current senior studying at the University of Missouri - Columbia with a major in Journalism and a minor in Sociology. I have interests in photojournalism, documentary journalism and design fields.

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How to Write a Pros & Cons Essay

College & Higher Education

What does it mean to have an objective tone in an essay, what are the four tips for writing a good thesis statement for an expository essay, how to write a rebuttal essay.

Rules for Thesis Statements
How to Write Characterization Papers

A pros and cons essay encourages you to develop critical thinking skills by examining an issue from different perspectives. Depending upon the assignment, your essay could be a simple summary of the pros and cons of an issue, or you might be required to decide which side is right or synthesize the pros and cons into concrete recommendations. As with all essays, a clear thesis guides the direction of your paper.

Before you begin writing, you'll need to research your topic. Learn what other people say about the particular issue, and pick the strongest arguments on all sides of the issue. If you're writing about a social issue, you might need to gather statistical data or look at research studies. But if you're examining something a bit more abstract such as the different perspectives on a piece of literature, you'll need to consult expert opinions. Scholarly journals, credible professional websites and university websites can provide you with a good starting point.

Developing a Thesis

Your thesis is a succinct statement of the central points of your paper, usually at the end of your introductory paragraph. If you're simply summarizing the pros and cons of an issue, the thesis should make this clear. For example, you might say, "Death penalty advocates argue that it serves as a crime deterrent and fair form of retribution, while opponents point to the risk of executing the wrong person and the fact that the death penalty has not lowered the crime rate." If you're making an argument based on your research or attempting to synthesize issues, your thesis should make this clear. You might say, "While death penalty advocates argue for its deterrent value, opponents point to the risk of executing the wrong person, and the evidence that the death penalty has led to the deaths of innocent people is compelling."

Pros and Cons

The body of your paper should clearly outline the pros and cons of a particular issue. Devote at least one paragraph to each argument. You might, for example, dedicate a paragraph each to arguments in favor of the death penalty such as vengeance and deterrence, and a paragraph each to arguments against it such as executing the wrong person. Be charitable to each side, fairly summarizing the strongest points of an argument, even if you don't agree with it.

Your conclusion should summarize the points you've made, and outline any further questions raised by your essay. For example, you might point out that advocates of the death penalty argue that it decreases crime and opponents argue that it doesn't, then note that there needs to be more research into this area. If you are making your own argument based on pros and cons of the issue, restate this argument and emphasize how the body of your essay has demonstrated that your approach is the correct one.

Purdue Online Writing Lab: Argumentative Essays
Ryazan State University: Tips for Writing an Essay

Van Thompson is an attorney and writer. A former martial arts instructor, he holds bachelor's degrees in music and computer science from Westchester University, and a juris doctor from Georgia State University. He is the recipient of numerous writing awards, including a 2009 CALI Legal Writing Award.

How to Write a Persuasive Essay

How to write a good argumentative essay introduction, teacher tips: how to write thesis statements for high school papers, how to develop and write a paragraph, how to assess the strength or weakness of a thesis statement, describe the elements of a good & bad thesis statement, how to write a college critical thinking essay, how to write a personal profile for a university application, what does it mean to cite specific examples, most popular.

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3 Teacher Tips: How to Write Thesis Statements for High School Papers
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Tips on Writing a Pros and Cons Essay

Have you ever argued with someone who thinks that their point of view is the only right point? Such people don’t even try to consider the arguments and evidence from the opposite side, that’s what makes such conversations frustrating. There are many complex issues, where it’s not easy to make a choice. Our world is not black-and-white, and if you want to make a point, you should also consider the opposite point. Fortunately, writing classes teach students analytical thinking, and pros and cons essays are the best exercises. When writing such essays, you should consider both sides of an issue, and tips from specialists at College-Writers.Com will help you with it.

What Is a Pros and Cons Essay?

To write a decent pros and cons essay, you should perfectly understand what it is. This type of writing assignments is exactly what it sounds like: it’s an argumentative essay that requires you to consider both positive and negative aspects of a subject.

Perhaps, the most difficult thing about this type of writing is that you cannot just write a list of pros and cons. Instead, you should synthesize the facts that you have, picking a side and clearly stating your own point. However, your essay shouldn’t be all about supporting your point. It should provide arguments, and your opinion must be just your personal conclusion that you came to after analyzing all the arguments.

What to Consider When Writing a Pros and Cons Essay

First, you should choose a debatable topic. It means that you must be able to provide a balanced number of both negatives and positives. For example, genocide is not debatable because you cannot say anything good about it, and charity is also not debatable because there’s nothing bad you can say about it.

Another important thing to consider is that both pros and cons should be given equal weight in your essay. You should carefully analyze both sides of the argument. When you read a good pros and cons essay, you cannot understand what is the author’s opinion until you see the thesis statement at the end. Now let’s take a closer look at the writing process itself.

Pros and Cons Essays: Step-By-Step Guide

The writing process is somewhat similar to that of any argumentative essay because it includes researching, writing an outline, writing a draft, and proofreading. However, the pros and cons essays also have their own specific features.

1. Research your topic

If you’ve got your topic assigned by your instructor, or if you’ve chosen a good debatable topic, start researching it. Make sure to look for credible sources and avoid being biased. You must be open-minded about your subject, even if you have a certain opinion. Don’t let your opinion affect your research.

2. Brainstorm the pros and cons

While researching, divide the information into two categories: pros, and cons. At this point, you don’t need to write an outline, just make a list of positive and negative aspects that will serve as the basis for your outline.

3. Write an outline

Once you’ve got a list of pros and cons, write your outline. It should consist of an introduction, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion. In the body of the essay, you should address the pros and cons. You may choose to list all the pros first and then address the cons, or you may devote each paragraph of the body to a certain aspect of the issue, explaining its pros and cons. Here’s an example:

Thesis statement
Final thoughts

4. Write the introduction

The introduction should start with a strong hook — the very first sentence that should motivate your readers to keep reading your essay. The thesis statement must provide your opinion on the subject. However, when writing pros and cons essays, you may also present your thesis statement in the conclusion. If you include your thesis statement in the introduction, it may provide a general understanding of what the body paragraphs will be about.

5. Add details to your outline

Once you’ve written the thesis statement and the outline, it won’t be a problem for you to write the body paragraphs. Just elaborate on the points from your outline and add more details. Every body paragraph should only focus on one point but all the paragraphs should be related to the thesis statement.

6. Write the conclusion

The conclusion has two main purposes. First, it should summarize the whole essay. Secondly, it should leave your readers with something to think about. It may also reveal your opinion by presenting the thesis statement if you haven’t stated it in the introduction.

As you can see, writing a pros and cons essay is not a difficult task. If you’re still not sure that you can write a good essay, we suggest that you ask experts from College-Writers.com for help. Our professional writers know everything about writing assignments of any kind, and they will provide you with outstanding papers on any topic.

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How to Write a Pros & Cons Essay

Kori morgan, 26 sep 2017.

A pros and cons essay is a type of persuasive assignment where you discuss both sides of a debatable issue before revealing your own position. The objective, balanced structure allows audiences to formulate their own opinions before hearing your final analysis. You can write a good pros and cons essay by giving fair, equal treatment to both sides of an issue, describing its advantages and disadvantages with clear, specific research and summarizing your own position in the conclusion.

Explore this article

Choosing a Topic
Balanced Topic Treatment
Describing Pros and Cons
Conclusion and Evaluation

1 Choosing a Topic

Because a pros and cons essay involves equal treatment of both sides, topics are usually controversial and debatable. This type of essay works well for these topics because the structure encourages readers to carefully weigh both positions as they read. One way to brainstorm topics is to think about issues you face in your daily life. For example, you might choose to write about the advantages and disadvantages of the growth of cell phones in society. Then, you can make a list of the issue's positive and negative aspects to reference as you write.

2 Balanced Topic Treatment

The tone of a pros and cons essay is objective and even, giving equal attention and respect to both sides. The essay should enable readers to equally weigh the different concerns instead of being pushed toward one perspective from the start. Your introduction should contribute to the balanced structure by summarizing both sides and presenting a neutral thesis statement. A sample thesis might read, "While cell phones provide conveniences, entertainment and ways to stay in touch, they also create serious distractions, enable social bullying and create an easy crutch for critical thinking."

3 Describing Pros and Cons

The body paragraphs of the essay should provide details and examples to further develop the arguments for each side of the topic. You can organize them however you want; some writers present one side of an argument and then another, while others provide a point followed immediately by a counterpoint. Either way, your discussion should be well-researched, with clear, specific examples to support every assertion. According to the University of Calgary, using transitional phrases can also provide fluency and focus within the essay. To introduce new points, you might use phrases such as "many people believe," "another viewpoint is" or "on the other hand."

4 Conclusion and Evaluation

Although the conclusion should reveal the writer's viewpoint, it still needs to be stated in an objective, unbiased manner. Using first person phrases like "I believe" corrupts the balanced tone you have set throughout the course of the essay. Similarly, tearing down the opposite position can alienate readers, even if they have found your essay useful to this point. Instead of focusing on yourself, try to center your statements on the information you've presented. For example, your concluding paragraph might begin, "Taking everything into consideration, the social and technological benefits of cell phones outweigh their potential to be misused."

1 University of Calgary: Essay Writing Program for Students
2 Australian National University Academic Skills and Learning Center: The Pros and Cons Essay

About the Author

Kori Morgan holds a Bachelor of Arts in professional writing and a Master of Fine Arts in creative writing and has been crafting online and print educational materials since 2006. She taught creative writing and composition at West Virginia University and the University of Akron and her fiction, poetry and essays have appeared in numerous literary journals.

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How to Write an Advantages and Disadvantages Essay

Why Write An Advantages and Disadvantages Essay?

Tips for writing an advantage and disadvantage essay:, how to write an advantages and disadvantages essay:, why this essay is important:, the ielts exam:, other ways to say "advantages and disadvantages", what you will be evaluated on.

There are many different types of essays that students will be expected to write throughout their academic career. The same goes for students that are learning English as a second language or foreign language.

Teachers assign certain essays to students because they feel it gives the student a chance to practice their writing skills to the fullest, while it gives teachers a great medium through which they can evaluate their students' learning.

Out of all the different essays that are possible for a teacher to assign, one that serves both native English speakers and English learners well is an advantages and disadvantages essay .

With this essay writing process there can be advantages to essay writing and disadvantages of essay writing for different levels of writers with different experience and knowledge on the whole process.

Advantages of Essay Writing:

While essay writing can have its difficulties, it also shows certain advantages to the writer. Here are some possible advantages of essay writing:

It allows for critical thinking
It pushed writers to make different arguments
Writers learn to observe different perspectives and topic points

Disadvantages of Essay Writing:

Essay writing can also be a daunting task. Here are some possible disadvantages of essay writing:

Writers need to have a clear organizational plan
Structure and placement are essential to the flow of the essay's points and topics
Writers will need to have a clear conclusion and thesis statement outlining the entire essay's topics and thoughts

1. Understand an Advantage and Disadvantage

Before you can write an advantages and disadvantages essay, you must first understand what these two words mean.

Native English speakers are likely already familiar with these definitions, however, students in primary school may need some explanation.
Your teacher should explain what an advantage is and what a disadvantage is by giving an example that's age-appropriate and level-appropriate.

For example:

Younger students may understand an example like, "An advantage of doing my homework when I get home from school is that I have the entire evening to play. A disadvantage is that I cannot watch my favorite show as soon as I get home from school."

After this, the teacher can give less explicit examples and see if students can come up with some ideas on their own.

College students should already have experience with this kind of essay and they will, therefore, get a much more complicated question that requires research, planning and thought.

In addition to this, English learners who are university students should also be given an example by their teacher that's appropriate for their age and level.

For instance:

International students might respond well to something like "What's an advantage and disadvantage of studying abroad during college?"

It's also a good idea to look up synonyms of "advantages and disadvantages" to have the best understanding of the term possible.

"Pros and cons" is quite similar and might be easier for some students to digest since it's a term they've most likely heard before.

2. Think About Advantages and Disadvantages in Your Own Life

A great exercise to help you prepare yourself for writing an advantages and disadvantages essay is to think about your own experiences with the topic.

Think of a time you wanted to make a decision about something, but you had voices in your head telling you to do the opposite.
Or you had a discussion with your parents and they were trying to convince you to do things differently.
Whatever it was, there's a chance that you had to write your own version of an advantages and disadvantages essay in your mind, without even realizing it.
This will not only help you to get in the right mindset for writing this essay, but it will maybe even inspire you to choose a topic that you've already had personal experience with.
Of course, anything you've had personal experience with is a good place to start.

3. Choose a Topic

If you weren't able to think of any intriguing topics to write about in your walk down memory lane, you'll have to look elsewhere to find something else to base your essay on.

There are tons of places you can go online
You can take the time to visit the library to find ideas about advantages and disadvantages topics
You can also talk to your family and friends to see if they have any ideas that are worth writing about
It will also, of course, be easier to write your essay overall.

That being said, there will also be instances in which you won't be able to choose your topic.

Advantages and disadvantages writing prompts are very common on English exams.
This has both its own advantages and disadvantages to it.
An advantage is that you don't have to think of a topic yourself.
But a disadvantage is that if you're not familiar with the topic given or you're unsure about what it's asking, it can be difficult to write a strong advantages and disadvantages essay that will get you the points you need on the test.

3.1 List of Example Topics

Unless you're given the topic directly on your test, you will otherwise have to think of your own topic, especially if it's just for a regular assignment. Luckily, there are many topic examples out there you can use to help you get started, or that will at least help you find inspiration for a similar topic:

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using technology in the classroom?
Many people are able to work online and can, therefore, live anywhere. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of buying a home instead of renting one?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of owning a car?
E-readers have become extremely popular in recent years. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this?
Many products you use are imported from other countries. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this?
Today, recent graduates are choosing to live at home. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this?

4. Brainstorm Advantages vs. Disadvantages

Once you've decided on a topic that intrigues you, or you know what topic you're being assigned on your exam, it's time to get down the meat of the essay, which is the actual advantages and disadvantages you'll need to write about.

The best and easiest way to do this is by simply folding a paper in half vertically, or creating a box with two side-by-side sections.
Label one as "advantages" and the other as "disadvantages" and write all the ideas that come to mind beneath each section.
You should then add some details and examples under each idea, and ideally, you should decide on which advantages and disadvantages are the most crucial to your argument.

5. Choose a Side

Although an advantages and disadvantages essay should be rather unbiased, it's okay to be leaning toward one side more so than the other.

This will help you to gain more perspective when writing your essay, and also leave the reader with your own thoughts in your conclusion.
However, sometimes your teacher will request that you completely leave your own opinions out of the essay.
Therefore, just be sure of what's required on the assignment because every teacher and every class is different.

The next thing you will need to do is outline your essay and eventually write it.

What will need to be included in your essay will be different depending on your level.
For instance, young students may only be required to have two body paragraphs, whereas college students will be required to have more than that unless it's a short answer response.
Nevertheless, there is ultimately a widely accepted standard when it comes to writing an advantages and disadvantages essay:
Introduction: Paraphrase the question/topic and briefly mention some of the advantages and disadvantages you will discuss in the paper.
Body Paragraph One: Introduce the main advantage. Give supporting details and examples.
Body Paragraph Two: Introduce the main disadvantage. Give supporting details and examples.
Conclusion: Re-iterate the topic question. Summarize the main points and if applicable, say whether you think there are more advantages or disadvantages.

For your outline, you can create headlines and write what you plan on saying beneath each one.

If you have to write more body paragraphs, do the same.
When it comes time to write the essay, drag your points from your outline to your paper, and make sure you use transitions in order to connect each point together.

Knowing how to write an advantages and disadvantages essay is part of perfecting your skills in English proficiency.

People need to understand how to think about the advantages and disadvantages of the choices they make in life every day.
Learning how to write an essay like this will help you feel calmer when making important decisions.
This type of work is one of the best ways to really practice writing a solid essay
This will help you out in your future when your assignments are more difficult

For students studying English as an international language, at some point, it's very likely that you'll have to take the IELTS exam.

The IELTS exam, or the International English Language Testing System exam, is required for people of non-English speaking countries that want to study or work in a country where English is the main language for communication.

For Instance:

A student who's from a country where English is not the native language will have to pass this test in order to get accepted into a U.K. university or universities in other English-speaking countries that require the same test.

Although you'll be writing an advantages and disadvantages essay, you'll want to try and find other vocabulary words to describe this.

There are plenty of other ways to say "advantages and disadvantages," and it's a good idea if you can use these other terms as much as possible in your essay in order to add some variety:

Pros and cons
Benefits and drawbacks
Nice parts and not-so-nice parts
Good and bad aspects
Pluses and Minuses
This outweighs this

Hopefully, you had no problem with writing your advantages and disadvantages essay, and you won't be too worried as you wait for your grade.

This in itself is a major advantage of essay writing because you can get feedback on how you're progressing as a student.
Teachers will have different criteria for grading different students, and this all depends on a lot of different factors.
For instance, English language learners will be graded on their use of vocabulary, their grammatical accuracy and the coherence and cohesion between the paragraphs.
Therefore, it's a good idea to brush up on these things and ask your teacher if you need any clarification on any aspect of the essay.

If you aren't an English language learner, then there are many different reasons you'd be required to write an advantages and disadvantages essay.

Because of this, your evaluation will be unique in many ways, too.
In the case of younger students who are just learning how to exercise their writing muscles, teachers may grade a bit more generously, but will really be checking for how well the students have followed directions, made their points and worked their way through the writing process.
It's also important to keep in mind that while most advantages and disadvantages essays can be written based on experience and common knowledge, college students may really have to do some research to support the content in their essay.

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Linking expressions to introduce advantages and disadvantages

In an argumentative text/essay what linking expressions can be used to introduce the pros and cons of the essay topic/object/theme, after a short introduction?

For example, if I'm writing an argumentative essay about some website, what linking expressions can be used to introduce its advantages and disadvantages?

Is the example below correct?

However, as everything, X has its advantages and disadvantages. Being one of them[...]

expressions

1 To use however we need to know the preceding statement. This is because however introduces a contrasting topic. Otherwise, "As with everything, ..." or "As is usually the case, ..." could be used. – user3169 Commented May 5, 2018 at 21:24

3 Answers 3

You can write in this way. However you can improve this a lot better, this is just to give some idea.

X has both positive and negative aspects.

To begin with, .... (write some advantages)

Additionally, ..(write another point of advantages)

On the other hand,.. (write disadvantages and justify them)

Based closely on your example sentence:

However, as with everything, X has it's advantages and disadvantages. One problem is that ... On the other hand, an important advantage is ...

As I suggested in my comment, there are many different ways to present an argument. The one most related to your example is something like:

X website is one of the most popular in the world, with over two billion unique users. However as with anything, it has its advantages and disadvantages.

Then go on to list some advantages

First, it's a pretty blue color. Second, it's free. Third, etc. ...

Some expressions to change direction:

The drawbacks include ... On the other hand, some drawbacks are ... That being said, some drawbacks are ... Although these (advantages) make it very attractive, some drawbacks include ... Still, X website has some notable drawbacks, which include ...

and many more. After that, go on to list some of the disadvantages.

For starters, your mother is on there with you. Secondly, she posts dirty jokes every day. Lastly, etc. ...

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What is a pros and cons essay?

Before we get to practical tips for writing a perfect paper, it’s crucial that you know exactly what the pros and cons essay is. The name speaks for itself. It is a type of argumentative essay that requires you to assess a given topic based on its positives (pros) and negatives (cons).

Although the definition sounds quite simple, handling this kind of task isn’t easy. Being assigned to it, students often seek a trusted “ write my research paper ” service to delegate this matter to professionals and ensure the highest grade.

The greatest difficulty is that this paper shouldn’t be just a list of positive and negative facts. Instead, it should provide an in-depth analysis of different positions on the topic and synthesize this information in a coherent and logical way.

Keys factors to consider while writing

Now that you know the definition and the primary pitfalls, let’s get to the hardest part. So how do you write a killer pros and cons essay? Further in the article, you will find a step-by-step guide. But let’s start with the basics.

There are three key factors that will help you ensure success:

A debatable topic

The best topics for this kind of work are relevant, engaging, and, most importantly, debatable to allow you to reflect on a balanced number of advantages and disadvantages.

A clear author stance

Although you will talk about different viewpoints in your paper, there still should be YOUR own stance on the topic. But don’t get this wrong. It’s not a type of work where you can say, “my opinion is right, and all the others are wrong.” Instead, you should synthesize different opinions and state your stance that arose after evaluating them all.

Pay equal attention to positives and negatives

Finally, one more thing that helps ensure success is giving equal weight to both pros and cons. Don’t focus on one thing. Instead, provide a well-considered analysis of all sides of the matter.

Writing a convincing pros and cons essay in 6 steps

The writing process for this type of work is quite similar to a standard argumentative essay - research, outline, write, and edit. However, let us get deeper into the details and give you some extra tips to ensure success!

Research the topic

If you have already chosen a solid topic or your professor assigned one to you, the first step is to research it. Take your time and check credible sources for any information that will help you disclose the topic fully.

Pro tip: When you start researching, you may already have a specific stance on it. Nevertheless, expert academic writers advise approaching this step with an open mind. Try to leave your current opinion and prejudice behind to be able to perceive and analyze the obtained information better.

Make a list of pros and cons

This is an additional step that will really come in handy for handling this particular task. While conducting your research, start noting down the information you find.

Moreover, separate every piece of data into the advantages and disadvantages categories right away. This way, by the time you finish your research, you will already have a compelling list of points that you might want to cover in your paper.

Prepare an outline

When you have all the information you need, it’s time to organize it in a compelling outline. As you all should know, the traditional essay structure consists of an introduction, several body paragraphs, and a conclusion . So how do you structure your work?

The first option is to state all the advantages first and then list all the downsides. However, if your pros and cons are somehow related to each other, it will be much more interesting and effective to mix them up and present one positive and one related negative per paragraph.

Craft a great introduction

When you have an outline, start by drafting a powerful introduction. Keep it short and straight to the point, and, at the same time, make sure that it captures the reader’s attention.

Pro tip: The best way to organize an introduction - begin with a hook (stats, facts, question, anecdote, or another statement that drives attention) and then provide a thesis statement that gives a brief preview of the topic, clarifies your stance and makes the readers want to learn more.

Write body paragraphs

Next, move on to the body of your paper. Craft one paragraph after another, following your outline. The most important tip we can give you here is to ensure a logical flow. Your task is to make sure that not only do sentences within one paragraph flow logically, but that paragraphs are well-connected with each other too.

Make a strong conclusion

When the rest of your paper is ready, you need to tie up any loose ends and finish it with a strong conclusion. In the final clause, you want to give a brief summary of your key points and restate your thesis.

Additionally, it’s also a good idea to leave your readers with some food for thought to make a lasting impression. Once you’re done, don’t forget to take enough time to proofread and edit your work.

The bottom line

Pros and cons essays never seem too hard to write before you start. And, after you start, it often turns out to be not as simple and clear as you thought. Luckily, now you have a step-by-step guide and a number of handy tips from professionals that will help you write a top-quality essay without a hassle. Be sure to use it to get a deserved high grade!

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Pros And Cons - Free Essay Examples And Topic Ideas

Pros and cons are a simple and effective method of evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of a particular idea, decision, or situation. Using this method allows for a comprehensive analysis of the situation, including both the benefits and drawbacks, which can ultimately lead to a more informed and balanced decision-making process. However, the potential downside of using pros and cons is that it can oversimplify complex issues, leading to a lack of nuance and potentially overlooking important considerations. Additionally, it is important to weigh the pros and cons against each other, as some pros may be much more significant or impactful than certain cons, and vice versa.

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Writing a pros and cons essay.

Instructions

-Write a list noting the advantages and disadvantages of your topic. Arrange them in the order you plan on writing them in your essay. Create a rough outline of your essay, including how many paragraphs you want and what you plan on writing for the conclusion.
- Use transitions when writing your essay. Do not start every sentence with the words, one advantage or one disadvantage. Use words like despite, nevertheless, yet, however and although. Keep your advantages and disadvantages grouped together. Write one or two paragraphs for each.
-Do not include opinion words (I believe, I think, etc) in the introduction or the main body of compositions, reports and articles.

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Microsoft 365 Life Hacks > Writing > The pros and cons of the five-paragraph essay

The pros and cons of the five-paragraph essay

The five-paragraph essay is a writing structure typically taught in high school. Structurally, it consists of an introductory paragraph, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion. This clear structure helps students connect points into a succinct argument. It’s a great introductory structure, but only using this writing formula has its limitations.

What is a five-paragraph essay?

Outside of the self-titled structure, the five-paragraph essay has additional rules. To start, your introductory paragraph should include a hook to captivate your audience. It should also introduce your thesis , or the argument you are proving. The thesis should be one sentence, conclude your introductory paragraph, and include supporting points. These points will become the body of your essay. The body paragraphs should introduce a specific point, include examples and supporting information, and then conclude. This process is repeated until you reach the fifth concluding paragraph, in which you summarize your essay.

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The benefits of a five-paragraph essay

Your ideas are clear. Presenting your ideas in a succinct, organized manner makes them easy to understand and the five-paragraph essay is designed for that. It provides a clear outline to follow. And most importantly, it’s organized around the thesis, so the argument can be traced from the beginning of the essay to its conclusion. When learning how to write essays, losing track of your thesis can be a common mistake. By using this structure, it’s harder to go on tangents. Each of your points are condensed into a single paragraph. If you struggle presenting your ideas, following this structure might be your best bet.
It’s simple. Creating an essay structure takes additional brainpower and time to craft. If an essay is timed in an exam, relying on this method is helpful. You can quickly convey your ideas so you can spend more time writing and less structuring your essay.
It helps build your writing skills. If you’re new to writing essays, this is a great tool. Since the structure is taken care of, you can practice writing and build your skills. Learn more writing tips to improve your essays.

The cons of writing a five-paragraph essay

The structure is rigid. Depending on its usage, the structure and convention of the five paragraphs can make creating an essay easier to understand and write. However, for writing outside of a traditional high school essay, this format can be limiting. To illustrate points creatively, you might want to create a different structure to illustrate your argument.
Writing becomes repetitive. This format quickly becomes repetitive. Moving from body-to-body paragraph using the same rules and format creates a predictable rhythm. Reading this predictable format can become dull. And if you’re writing for a college professor, they will want you to showcase creativity in your writing. Try using a different essay structure to make your writing more interesting
Lack of transitions. Quickly moving through ideas in a five-paragraph structure essay doesn’t always leave room for transitions. The structure is too succinct. Each paragraph only leaves enough space for a writer to broadly delve into an idea and then move onto the next. In longer essays, you can use additional paragraphs to connect ideas. Without transitions, essays in this format can feel choppy, as each point is detached from the previous one
Its rules can feel unnecessary. Breaking your essay into three body paragraphs keeps it concise. But is three the perfect number of body paragraphs? Some arguments might need more support than three points to substantiate them. Limiting your argument to three points can weaken its credibility and can feel arbitrary for a writer to stick to.

Creating essays using the five-paragraph structure is situational. Use your best judgement to decide when to take advantage of this essay formula. If you’re writing on a computer with Microsoft Word , try using Microsoft Editor to edit your essay.

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Essay on Pros and Cons of Social Media

Students are often asked to write an essay on Pros and Cons of Social Media in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Pros and Cons of Social Media

Introduction.

Social media is a powerful tool used by people worldwide. It has both pros and cons that we will discuss.

Pros of Social Media

Cons of social media.

However, it can also lead to cyberbullying, misinformation, and addiction. It can negatively impact mental health and productivity.

It’s important to use social media responsibly, balancing the benefits and drawbacks, to ensure a positive experience.

250 Words Essay on Pros and Cons of Social Media

One of the primary benefits of social media is its ability to foster connectivity. It enables individuals to stay in touch with friends and family across the globe, breaking geographic boundaries. Moreover, it serves as a platform for information dissemination and awareness, playing a crucial role in movements like #BlackLivesMatter and #MeToo.

Social media also facilitates learning and professional growth. Platforms like LinkedIn, for instance, enable networking and job hunting, while academic forums provide resources for students and researchers.

Despite its benefits, social media has its share of drawbacks. It can lead to an excessive focus on virtual interactions at the expense of real-life relationships. This over-reliance often results in feelings of loneliness and social isolation.

Additionally, the spread of misinformation is a significant concern. Fake news can propagate rapidly, leading to harmful consequences, as seen during the COVID-19 pandemic.

In conclusion, while social media provides a platform for connectivity and learning, it also poses risks like social isolation and misinformation. It’s essential to use these platforms judiciously, understanding their potential pitfalls.

500 Words Essay on Pros and Cons of Social Media

The pros of social media.

Social media has democratized the dissemination of information, making it more accessible than ever. It has become a platform where people can voice their opinions, rally for causes, and effect social change. The Arab Spring is an example of how social media can be used to mobilize and coordinate mass protests.

Another advantage is the connectivity it offers. Social media platforms allow people to stay in touch with friends and family across the globe. It fosters a sense of community and enables the sharing of experiences, ideas, and emotions.

From an educational perspective, social media is a valuable resource. It provides a platform for collaborative learning, academic networking, and knowledge sharing. It also promotes digital literacy, a crucial skill in today’s digital age.

The Cons of Social Media

Despite its many advantages, social media has its downsides. One of the major concerns is privacy. The vast amount of personal data shared on these platforms can be exploited by malicious entities for identity theft, cyberstalking, or other harmful activities.

The impact on mental health is another significant concern. Excessive use of social media can lead to addiction, decreased productivity, and feelings of inadequacy due to the comparison with others’ lives. Studies have linked heavy social media use to depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem.

Moreover, social media can promote echo chambers, where people are exposed only to views similar to their own, leading to polarization and intolerance.

In conclusion, social media is a double-edged sword. On one hand, it democratizes information, fosters global connectivity, aids in learning, and serves as a powerful tool for businesses. On the other hand, it poses significant privacy risks, facilitates the spread of misinformation, can negatively impact mental health, and contribute to societal polarization. As users, we must navigate this digital landscape with caution, leveraging its benefits while being vigilant of its drawbacks.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

Apart from these, you can look at all the essays by clicking here .

The pros and cons of online learning

What to look for in an online course.

By: MIT xPRO

If you’re at a point in your life where you’re considering continuing your education, you may wonder if online learning is the right path for you.

Taking an online course requires a notable investment of time, effort, and money, so it’s important to feel confident about your decision before moving forward. While online learning works incredibly well for some people, it’s not for everyone.

We recently sat down with MIT xPRO Senior Instructional Designer and Program Manager Luke Hobson to explore the pros and cons of online learning and what to look for in an online course. If you’re waiting for a sign about whether or not to enroll in that course you’ve been eying, you just might find it here.

Pros of Online Learning

First, let’s take a look at the true value of online learning by examining some of the benefits:

1. Flexibility

Online learning’s most significant advantage is its flexibility. It’s the reason millions of adults have chosen to continue their education and pursue certificates and degrees.

Asynchronous courses allow learners to complete work at their own pace, empowering them to find the optimal time to consume the content and submit assignments.

Some people are more attentive, focused, and creative in the mornings compared to the evenings and vice versa. Whatever works best for the learners should be the priority of the learning experience.

2. Community

When Luke asks people about their main reason for enrolling in a course, a common answer is networking and community.

Learners crave finding like-minded individuals who are going through the same experiences and have the same questions. They want to find a place where they belong. Being in the company of others who understand what they’re going through can help online learners who are looking for support and motivation during challenging times and times that are worth celebrating.

Some learners have created study groups and book clubs that have carried on far beyond the end of the course-it’s amazing what can grow from a single post on a discussion board!

3. Latest information

“Speed is a massive benefit of online learning,” and according to Luke, it often doesn’t get the attention it deserves.

“When we say speed, we don’t mean being quick with learning. We mean actual speed to market. There are so many new ideas evolving within technical spaces that it’s impossible to keep courses the way they were originally designed for a long period of time.”

Luke notes that a program on Additive Manufacturing , Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality , or Nanotechnology must be checked and updated frequently. More formal learning modalities have difficulty changing content at this rapid pace. But within the online space, it’s expected that the course content will change as quickly as the world itself does.

Cons of Online Learning

Now that we’ve looked at some of the biggest pros of online learning, let’s examine a few of the drawbacks:

1. Learning environment

While many learners thrive in an asynchronous learning environment, others struggle. Some learners prefer live lessons and an instructor they can connect with multiple times a week. They need these interactions to feel supported and to persist.

Most learners within the online space identify themselves as self-directed learners, meaning they can learn on their own with the right environment, guidance, materials, and assignments. Learners should know themselves first and understand their preferences when it comes to what kind of environment will help them thrive.

2. Repetition

One drawback of online courses is that the structure can be repetitive: do a reading, respond to two discussion posts, submit an essay, repeat. After a while, some learners may feel disengaged from the learning experience.

There are online courses that break the mold and offer multiple kinds of learning activities, assessments, and content to make the learning experience come alive, but it may take some research to find them-more on what to look for in an online course later in this article! Luke and his colleagues at MIT xPRO are mindful of designing courses that genuinely engage learners from beginning to end.

3. Underestimation

Luke has noticed that some learners underestimate how much work is required in an online course. They may mistakenly believe that online learning is somehow “easier” compared to in-person learning.

For those learners who miscalculate how long they will need to spend online or how challenging the assignments can be, changing that mindset is a difficult process. It’s essential to set aside the right amount of time per week to contribute to the content, activities, and assignments. Creating personal deadlines and building a study routine are two best practices that successful online learners follow to hold themselves accountable.

Experience the Value of Online Learning: What to Look For in an Online Course

You’ve probably gathered by now that not all online courses are created equal. On one end of the spectrum, there are methods of online learning that leave learners stunned by what a great experience they had. On the other end of the spectrum, some online learning courses are so disappointing that learners regret their decision to enroll.

If you want to experience the value of online learning, it’s essential to pick the right course. Here’s a quick list of what to look for:

Feedback and connection to peers within the course platform. Interacting regularly with other learners makes a big difference. Luke and the MIT xPRO team use peer-reviewed feedback to give learners the opportunity to engage with each other’s work.
Proof of hard work. In the online learning space, proof of hard work often comes in the form of Continuing Education Units (CEUs) or specific certifications. MIT xPRO course participants who successfully complete one or more courses are eligible to receive CEUs , which many employers, licensing agencies, and professional associations accept as evidence of a participant’s serious commitment to their professional development.

Online learning isn’t for everyone, but with the right approach, it can be a valuable experience for many people. Now that you know what to look for in an online course, see what Luke and the MIT xPRO instructional design team have to offer by checking out the latest MIT xPRO courses and programs .

Originally published at http://curve.mit.edu on August 8th, 2022.

The pros and cons of online learning was originally published in MIT Open Learning on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

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Two fingers hold a tiny pouch containing white powder, with a bowl of the same pouches in the background.

Oral nicotine pouches deliver lower levels of toxic substances than smoking – but that doesn’t mean they’re safe

Assistant Professor of Health Promotion and Policy, UMass Amherst, UMass Amherst

Project Director, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University

Disclosure statement

Jamie Hartmann-Boyce receives funding from Cancer Research UK, the Truth Initiative, the National Institutes of Health, and the US Food and Drug Administration. The research reported in this article was supported by the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and FDA Center for Tobacco Products (CTP) under Award Number 2U54CA229974. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH or the Food and Drug Administration.

Nargiz Travis receives funding from the National Institutes of Health, and the US Food and Drug Administration. The research was supported by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the Food and Drug Administration.

UMass Amherst provides funding as a founding partner of The Conversation US.

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Oral nicotine pouches – like Zyn and Velo in the U.S. – appear to be less toxic than cigarettes and deliver comparable levels of nicotine. This makes them an alternative for people who smoke. However, people who’ve never smoked are using them, too, and youth are open to trying them. These are key findings of our recent systematic review , published in the journal Nicotine and Tobacco Research.

Oral nicotine pouches are preportioned pouches sold in various flavors and nicotine strengths. They are similar in appearance and use to traditional ‘snus’ , a form of smokeless tobacco placed between the gum and lip, which is popular in Scandinavia. However, unlike snus, nicotine pouches do not contain tobacco leaf. As a result, they are often marketed as “tobacco-free.”

One of the studies in our review found that the “ tobacco-free” label is confusing to some and may lead people to think nicotine pouches do not contain nicotine.

On average, studies in our review showed that nicotine pouches had fewer harmful chemicals, present at lower levels, than in cigarettes and smokeless tobacco, like snus.

This varied by product, though. It could be that different flavorings have different levels of harmful chemicals . The most common reasons given for using pouches were curiosity, flavors and the perception that they were discreet and could be used where other tobacco products could not.

Why it matters

More people are using nicotine pouches than ever before .

While manufacturers claim to target people who smoke, we found that 35% to 42% of U.S. youth were aware of oral nicotine pouches. Of those who didn’t use any form of nicotine, we found 9% to 21% open to trying pouches.

As public awareness of these products is growing – due to increased use and increased marketing – people want to know more about their effects. This includes people who smoke, who might switch to them, people who don’t smoke, who might use them recreationally, and policymakers.

Central to all of this is nicotine. Nicotine is not the component in cigarettes that causes disease and death , but it is the addictive one. Too much nicotine can make you sick, and people who don’t smoke shouldn’t use nicotine products.

At the same time, though, safer forms of nicotine have been helping people quit smoking for decades.

Cigarettes remain the leading cause of preventable disease and death worldwide and in the U.S . If they completely replace smoking, alternative nicotine products have the potential to bring substantial health benefits, both to people who smoke and the people around them.

What still isn’t known

There’s a lot we researchers still don’t know about nicotine pouches.

Hundreds of randomized trials show nicotine replacement therapies – like gum and patches – are safe and that they help people quit smoking.

There is also an ever-growing number of trials – currently 49 – showing that e-cigarettes with nicotine help people stop smoking and are substantially less harmful than smoking.

With oral nicotine pouches, however, only a handful of studies exist. Though most studies show that pouches expose users to lower levels of toxic substances than smoking, these studies were often small, and most were conducted by the tobacco industry, which has a long history of distorting science .

What’s next

We know that smoking is remarkably lethal – cigarettes kill approximately half of regular users. It’s probably reasonable to assume and not surprising to see data indicating that pouches are less harmful than smoking. That doesn’t mean they are safe, though.

We need large, long-term independent studies to say anything for sure about the health effects of nicotine pouches. People’s use patterns and the marketing need to be carefully monitored to ensure that products aren’t being targeted at groups who don’t smoke, and particularly aren’t targeted at historically disadvantaged or marginalized groups, as they have been in the past .

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PESTLE analysis example: explanation & tips

Published 19 Jun 2024

Understanding the larger environment in which a company operates is vital for planning and making decisions. One of the most effective tools for this purpose is PESTLE business analysis. This comprehensive framework helps identify and describe various factors impacting an organization. Staying informed about PESTLE components helps maintain your business's competitive edge and enhances consumer satisfaction.

This article will guide you through creating a PESTLE analysis example, providing practical recommendations to illustrate each step. You’ll learn how to systematically evaluate external influences, understand their implications, and apply this knowledge to real-world business scenarios, enhancing your strategic planning and critical thinking abilities.

What is a PESTLE analysis?

Before we delve into details about how to use this approach, let’s consider the PESTLE analysis definition. This term means a strategic theoretical framework used to identify and analyze the outside factors affecting an organization. Inflation rates, safety & health laws, and interest rates heavily impact businesses universally, regardless of industry. Meanwhile, political instability can negate benefits like high technological awareness while buying trends shape strategic planning.

Thus, scientists developed the PESTLE approach to bring order to these influences, which systematically examines the external factors affecting a company's performance. This acronym means Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, and Environmental factors. Each category represents a broad area of influence that can affect business operations, decision-making, and overall strategy.

Applications of PESTLE analysis

This versatile tool is used in business and academic contexts to understand the external environment and its impact on organizations.

Business context:

Strategic planning: Helps businesses set long-term strategies by understanding the external environment.
Risk management: Identifies potential risks and challenges posed by external factors (the same as in the SWOT framework).
Market research: Assists in understanding market dynamics and consumer behavior.
Decision-making: Informs expansion, product development, and market entry decisions.

Academic context:

Educational tool: Used in business and management courses to teach students about external environmental analysis.
Research projects: Supports academic research by providing a framework to analyze the impact of external factors on specific industries or companies.
Case studies: Applied in case study exploration to understand the broader context of business settings.
Strategic management courses: Integral part of the curriculum in strategic management and business policy courses to develop students’ analytical skills.

What is PESTLE analysis used for?

It can be particularly effective in the following cases:

Strategic planning cycles: Periodic reviews to update strategies based on external changes.
Market entry decisions: Evaluating new geographical markets or commercial sectors.
Product launches: Assessing the external environment before introducing new products.
Risk assessment exercises: Identifying external risks and preparing mitigation strategies.

By incorporating SWOT and PESTLE analysis into your studies, you gain insight into how external factors influence business operations, giving you valuable skills for your future career. No wonder this analytical tool is essential for strategic academic, educational, and business decision-making.

Key factors of the PESTLE strategy

To understand how to conduct research based on this approach, it’s essential to consider six essential components influencing the business environment.

1. PESTLE analysis political factors.

They involve how government actions and policies affect the business climate. These can include:

Government stability: The level of political stability and the likelihood of changes in government.
Regulations and laws: Legislation that impacts commercial operations, including tax policies, labor laws, environmental regulations, and trade restrictions.
Trade agreements: International agreements that influence market access and competition (if you hesitate to quote trade documents correctly, read our article about how to cite a paraphrase ).
Political climate: The overall political scenario, including attitudes toward companies, corruption levels, and bureaucratic efficiency.

2. Economic factors.

PESTLE economic factors encompass the economic conditions and variables that influence commercial activities, such as:

Economic growth: The overall economic growth rate and GDP trends which affect consumer spending and business investment.
Inflation rates: Changes in inflation rates that can impact pricing strategies and cost structures.
Interest rates: Fluctuations in interest rates that affect borrowing costs and investment decisions.
Exchange rates: The impact of currency exchange rates on international trade and profitability.
Unemployment rates: Employment levels that influence consumer spending power and labor availability.

3. Social factors.

They involve the following cultural and demographic aspects:

Demographics: Population size, age distribution, and growth rates that affect market demand.
Cultural norms: Societal values, beliefs, and attitudes influencing consumer behavior and brand perception.
Lifestyle changes: Trends in lifestyle and social behavior that can create new markets or shift demand patterns.
Education levels: The education and skill levels of the population impact the labor market and consumer sophistication.
Health consciousness: Increasing health and wellness awareness can drive product demand changes.

4. Technological factors.

PESTLE analysis technological factors covers the impact of technological advancements and innovation on commercial operations:

Innovation: The rate of technological innovation and the adoption of new technologies.
Research and development : Levels of investment in R&D and the emergence of new products and services.
Automation: The impact of automation and digitization on productivity and operational efficiency.
Technology infrastructure: Availability and quality of technological infrastructure, such as internet connectivity and data security.
Technological change: The pace of technological change and its impact on industry dynamics.

5. Legal PESTLE factors.

They involve the regulatory and legal conditions in which companies operate, including:

Regulatory compliance: Requirements for compliance with laws and regulations specific to industries and regions (understanding the et.al. use is crucial when enumerating regulations and laws in this section).
Employment laws: Legislation governing employment practices, including wages, working conditions, and labor rights.
Intellectual property: Protection of intellectual property rights and the impact on innovation and competition.
Consumer protection laws: Regulations designed to protect consumers, including product safety and advertising standards.
Health and safety regulations: Laws related to workplace safety and environmental health.

6. Environmental factors.

PESTLE analysis environmental factors considers the ecological and environmental aspects that can affect company operations:

Climate change: The impact of climate change on business practices and regulatory requirements.
Sustainability: Increasing focus on sustainable practices and corporate social responsibility.
Environmental regulations: Compliance with environmental laws and regulations to protect natural resources.
Resource availability: The availability and management of natural resources, such as energy, water, and raw materials.
Ecological concerns: Public awareness and activism related to environmental conservation and ecological issues.

Each factor provides a comprehensive view of the external environment, helping companies to anticipate changes, mitigate risks, and capitalize on opportunities. By knowing the answer to “What is PESTLE?” and understanding these factors, organizations can develop more robust strategies and maintain their competitive edge in a constantly evolving market.

How to write a PESTLE analysis: 10 steps

Define scope: Determine the current and future scenarios to be analyzed.
Assign responsibilities: Decide who will gather information and in what way.
Select sources: Identify reliable sources of information (ensure you understand the doi meaning and can use it correctly).
Gather data: Collect and organize the information systematically.
Analyze data: Evaluate the information for insights and trends.
Prioritize issues: Rank factors by importance with the most critical issues first.
Develop options: Identify potential strategies to address the issues.
Prepare document: Compile findings and strategies into a discussion document.
Engage stakeholders: Discuss findings with relevant parties.
Finalize plan: Agree on actions, assign responsibilities, and set timelines.

PESTLE analysis of a company: pros and cons

Simplicity: It’s a straightforward framework.
Broad perspective: Provides an understanding of the broader business context.
Strategic thinking: Promotes the development of external and strategic perspectives.
Threat anticipation: Helps organizations foresee future business threats and take preemptive action.
Opportunity identification: Enables organizations to identify and fully exploit commercial opportunities.
Oversimplification: The PESTLE and SWOT analysis users may oversimplify by relying on insufficient data for decisions.
Data overload: The risk of gathering excessive data can result in “paralysis by analysis.”
Assumption risk: Data might rely on assumptions that later turn out to be incorrect.
Rapid change: The fast pace of change makes it challenging to anticipate future developments.
Regular updates needed: The process must be repeated regularly to remain effective.

PESTLE analysis examples

Here are three samples of analysis for leading companies in various industries, completed by professionals from our analytical essay writing service . They will clarify the question “What is PESTLE analysis?” and help you to create your own papers.

Starbucks (food & beverage industry)

Health regulations and food safety standards.
Labor laws affecting employee wages and benefits.
Economic downturns that reduce disposable income and consumer spending.
Fluctuations in coffee bean prices impacting cost structure.
Growing consumer preference for organic and ethically sourced products.
Cultural differences in coffee consumption habits in various markets.

Technological:

Advances in mobile payment technology and app development.
Automation in coffee brewing and customer service.
Compliance with food and beverage industry regulations.
Litigation related to employee rights and labor practices.

Environmental:

Commitment to sustainable sourcing of coffee beans.
Efforts to reduce carbon footprint and promote recycling.

Toyota (automotive industry)

Trade policies and tariffs affecting automotive exports and imports.
Government incentives for electric and hybrid vehicles.
Fluctuations in oil prices impacting the demand for fuel-efficient vehicles.
Economic growth rates influencing car sales in different regions.
Growing consumer interest in electric and hybrid vehicles.
Changes in urban mobility trends and car ownership patterns.
Innovations in electric vehicle technology and autonomous driving.
Advancements in manufacturing technology and supply chain management.
Stringent emissions regulations and safety standards.
Intellectual property rights and patent laws for new technologies.
Increasing regulations on vehicle emissions and fuel efficiency.
Efforts to develop more sustainable and eco-friendly vehicle models.

Nike (apparel industry)

Trade agreements and tariffs affecting manufacturing and distribution.
Labor laws and regulations in countries where products are manufactured.
Economic conditions impacting consumer spending on apparel.
Currency exchange rates affecting international sales and profitability.
Trends in sportswear fashion and athleisure.
Growing consumers’ focus on sustainability and ethical production practices.
Advances in material science and manufacturing technology.
Digital marketing and e-commerce platforms enhance customer reach.
Compliance with labor laws and regulations in different countries.
Trademark and intellectual property protection for a brand and designs.
Initiatives to use sustainable materials and reduce environmental impact.
Corporate social responsibility programs focusing on environmental conservation.

These PESTLE examples illustrate how this approach can be tailored to different industries, helping companies understand and navigate their external environments effectively.

Final thoughts

One of the vital skills for anyone involved in strategic planning and decision-making is understanding how to conduct a PESTLE analysis. By examining all aspects this strategy covers, you gain insight into the external influences affecting a company. Through this article, we’ve demonstrated how to approach each component of this strategy using practical examples systematically. With this knowledge, you can apply these insights to your business scenarios to anticipate changes, mitigate risks, and seize opportunities in the dynamic business environment.

When you need additional assistance or expert guidance in crafting a detailed PESTLE analysis example with visually appealing graphs or want feedback on your report from experienced writers, consider partnering with our platform. EduBirdie is your best helper, offering professional support to ensure your analysis is comprehensive and insightful.

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Written by Helen Birk

Helen Birk is a skilled writer specializing in producing comprehensive guides on various academic tasks, including research projects, case studies, and annotated bibliographies. With a keen eye for detail and a deep understanding of academic requirements, Helen provides essential tips and strategies for students to excel in their academic pursuits. In addition to her writing expertise, Helen is passionate about maintaining a balanced and healthy lifestyle, often sharing her insights on wellness and personal development.

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The Pros and Cons of Renting vs. Buying a House

Not sure if you should buy a home in this market? These 12 pros and cons can help you decide.

The question of “should you buy or rent” is a lot tougher to answer now than it was only four years ago. U.S. home prices have climbed along with interest rates, while rising rents have made it harder for many renters to save for a down payment.

Those dynamics have changed some of the ways you may be thinking about buying versus renting.

Before the pandemic, the decision usually came down to whether you could afford a down payment since mortgage payments on a typical home — even including taxes and insurance — were hundreds of dollars cheaper than rents.

Now, rents and mortgage payments are much closer. Even when putting 20% down on a home purchase, rents were cheaper than mortgages in nearly three out of five (29/50) major metros at the start of 2024. And it takes a renter four more years to save for a down payment now than it did pre-pandemic.

So on a monthly basis, you’re likely to pay less to rent in most metro areas — even for a comparable home. But that’s only part of the picture.

There are benefits to either option, and everyone will come to their decision with different priorities and values. It all depends on what you expect from the market, whether you see your home primarily as an investment, the length of time you expect to live in your home, and the lifestyle you’re seeking.

Here are some pros to each option to help you weigh your choices.

Pros to buying a home now

Even in today’s housing market, buying a home could be a smart move. Here are six reasons why buying a house could benefit you more than renting:

You may be able to build equity

“Building equity ” means that you increase your financial stake in the home over time. You can do that in two ways: 1) By paying down your mortgage over time, and 2) by buying a home that eventually becomes worth more than you bought it for.

The difference between what you can sell your home for and what you owe on your mortgage is your equity. So if you could sell your home for $350,000 and you owe $200,000 on your mortgage, you would have $150,000 in home equity, including the amount you put toward the down payment.

While there are no guarantees that any given home will appreciate in value, homes typically tend to become more valuable over time. What makes ownership especially attractive in those cases is that you earn appreciation on the entire value of the home, not just the amount you put down toward the purchase.

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What’s changed for buyers over the past few years is the amount of time they would have to live in their homes before equity growth helps buying become ultimately cheaper than renting.

For example, if you bought a $350,000 home with 20% down, and home values really struggled to take off this year, you would have to live in that home for around seven years before the net cost of buying and maintaining the home equaled the net cost of renting during that same period. If mortgage rates fall more and home values start growing again, you could break even in a little over four years. Both examples assume you’d be paying $2,000 a month in rent and earning a 6% return by investing the money you would otherwise have put toward the down payment. (“Net costs” means the usual costs, but offset by the homeowner’s growing equity or the renter’s investment account balance.)

“The longer mortgage rates are elevated, the more home buying is for a longer run decision,’’ says Zillow® Chief Economist Skylar Olsen.

Keep in mind that the average homeowner stays in their home 13 years, so if you’re planning to stay in your home past the breakeven point, it could make more sense to buy. The opposite is true if you’re planning to move sooner. This Rent vs. Buy Calculator can help guide your decision-making by showing you how different scenarios might pencil out. And our Affordability Calculator can show you how much you can afford to spend on a home, given your income, assets and debts.

Keep in mind that most experts say that shelter is considered affordable if the monthly outlay doesn’t consume more than 30% of your monthly income.

Every mortgage payment can help you save

When you pay your mortgage each month, some of it goes toward interest on the loan and some goes toward principal or paying down the amount you owe. Over time, the share that goes toward principal gets larger and larger, increasing your share of ownership in the home as time passes.

Those principal payments are considered “forced savings,’’ since they build equity while you’re putting a roof over your head — something you’d have to pay for anyway.

“If you don’t think you’ll be reliably investing in the stock market and making a decent return on it, paying a mortgage can simplify your savings plan,’’ says Olsen.

You’re buying a lifestyle that could be hard to replicate if you’re renting

Buying a home can give you access to a larger variety of neighborhoods, home styles and amenities, and allow you to tailor your home to your liking, whether it’s through home improvements or landscaping. If you’ve ever searched for a single family rental, you know they can be hard to come by in your chosen neighborhood.

The higher demand for single family rentals translates to higher rents for those properties. Rent growth for single-family homes has been stronger than for multi-family homes, a trend that’s likely to continue according to Zillow’s 2024 housing predictions . Single-family rentals are 4.8% more expensive than a year earlier, while rents for multi-family are up 2.55% year over year.

“It’s important to remember: we find intrinsic value in ownership itself — in controlling the path of our lives and writing our own stories,’’ says Olsen. “Buying is a part of that.”

Your mortgage payments will remain relatively stable for as long as you own your home

A fixed-rate mortgage has a monthly payment that stays the same for the life of the loan. Taxes and homeowners insurance, which your lender will typically collect every month, are likely to increase, but the mortgage portion would remain unchanged until you sell or pay off the mortgage.

For that reason, real estate is often considered a hedge against inflation because it offers people a way to lock in the cost of shelter, which is a major part of their monthly budget.

If mortgage rates drop, homeowners can lower their monthly mortgage costs by refinancing . The vast majority of renters have no such control over their rent. Since the pandemic began in 2020, rents have surged more than 29%, and they continue to trend upward, according to Zillow® research .

Olsen says that “even with below-average rent growth, rents could easily double over the next 30 years.”

You could get tax benefits

Homeowners who itemize deductions on their tax returns can write off the interest they pay on mortgages of up to $750,000. Owning a home may entitle you to other tax breaks as well.

Even more impactful to the bottom line, homeowners benefit when they sell, too: A married couple can avoid paying taxes on up to $500,000 in capital gains when they sell their home, a tax break that is not possible when you sell stocks or other capital investments. The capital gains deduction for a single homeowner is up to $250,000.

You may not have to make a fast decision

Depending on your market, your price tier and the season, you could have more time to look for what you want.

After one of the most challenging years on record for buyers in 2023, sellers are cutting prices and homes are taking slightly longer to sell. Zillow® research shows that 22.6% of for-sale listings had price cuts in November, and homes that sold that month went under contract in only 21 days. That’s a day faster than a year earlier, but more than two weeks faster than homes normally sold for in the fall pre-pandemic.

You may be able to use your home to earn rental income.

If you buy a home and later decide to move out or you have a spare room or accessory dwelling unit , you may be able to rent to someone else and use the rental income you receive to help you cover your mortgage payment and other costs.

“My advice to a first-time buyer is always that your first home is not your forever home,” Becky Garcia, team lead of The Garcia Group at eXp Realty in Phoenix, says, adding that potential buyers should look at their first purchase as a three-to-five-year home that will help build a down payment towards a dream home. “I tell them to look at it as a strategy,” she added. “My favorite purchase for a first time buyer is a duplex . They can live in one unit, rent out the other and have their tenant pay a large portion of their mortgage.”

It’s also possible to buy a home or vacation getaway and use it primarily as an investment property before you buy a principal residence for yourself.

Reasons you may consider renting for now

With all the reasons why you should consider buying a home, there are also some good reasons to keep renting. Here are six pros to renting a home vs buying that may be concerns for you:

The cost of renting is generally less expensive than buying the same quality of home

Rent is less expensive than a mortgage on a monthly basis in most places, even when comparing similar homes, according to Olsen.

The typical U.S. home in November 2023 was worth $347,415, and the typical mortgage payment for a buyer who put 20% down was $1,925. That amount was 9% higher than the previous November.

The typical U.S. rent in November 2023 was $1,982 — an increase of 3.3% from a year earlier, according to the Zillow Observed Rent Index (ZORI), but the trend shows rents flattening as more multi-family homes come on the market.

Zillow’s rent vs. buy calculator can help you estimate how many years it would take for your hypothetical cost of buying to equal your hypothetical cost of renting in your market. Generally, the longer you stay in your home, the more the balance swings toward owning.

Renters usually have more freedom to move

Renting comes with fewer strings attached. Whether it’s a different neighborhood or unit, you can usually move more easily to adapt your current lifestyle and needs, or to try out a different city altogether.

There’s usually no or low maintenance costs

“Homeownership can come with unexpected headaches — and sometimes expensive ones,’’ says Olsen. “Renters do not need to worry about the cost of maintenance or upgrades (outside of those built into next year’s lease), and in many cases don’t even need to mow the lawn.”

Data based on millions of home projects completed across the country show that home maintenance and upkeep runs about $6,413 annually, according to Thumbtack , a home management platform that enables people to fix, maintain and improve their homes.

You may need to make fewer financial compromises

Coming up with a down payment to buy a home requires building up significant savings, and higher home prices and interest rates have made home buying an expensive proposition that can require financial sacrifices.

Buying could require you to make sacrifices that you aren’t ready or able to make, such as settling for one less bedroom when you’re expecting a new member of your family or cutting back on entertainment or vacations.

The upfront costs are likely to be lower

“ There is a low, but not zero, financial barrier to entry for renting,’’ says Olsen, so you can invest what you would have spent on a down payment into the stock market or other type of investment.

You won’t have to worry about home values declining

Homes generally appreciate over time, but they can also lose value. Nationally, home values are expected to flatten this year, but in some markets home values dropped.

While this can be good news for affordability if you’re planning to buy right now, the flip side is that you’ll need to consider likely home value trends over the course of ownership.

For example, if home prices take a dip, and you made a small or zero down payment and haven't owned your home long enough to build much equity, this could cause you to be underwater or “ upside down ” if you need to sell. While there are options for underwater borrowers, this could be a reason to keep renting for now and save for a higher down payment.

You don't have to pay property tax and other costs

Aside from maintenance, other costs of ownership include property tax, homeowners insurance, and sometimes homeowner association fees.

Olsen says the financial decision to rent or buy is based on a long timeline, and is anchored on someone’s expectations. Depending on future home value appreciation and how effectively you invest savings if choosing to rent, you could break even from buying in as few as five years or as many as 18 or more. Where a household falls within that range depends on the cost of the home they’re considering purchasing or renting, how quickly rents and home values grow, the potential rate of return on stocks or other investments and whether mortgage rates fall enough to make refinancing a good option.

If you’re curious about how much rent you can afford, check out this rent affordability calculator . And this calculator can show you how much you can afford to spend on a home, given your income, assets and debts.

The bottom line: Deciding when to buy a home is a personal choice. There's no one "right" time for everyone. Only you can decide if now is the right time for you.

Need more help understanding when to buy a house? Try our decision tree .

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Abortion Facts and Statistics: What You Need to Know

Abortion overview, how common are abortions, abortions by race and ethnicity, abortions by age and gender, abortion risks and complications, early detection of pregnancy.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there were 629,898 abortions performed in 2019. There are many reasons why a person may end a pregnancy, such as not lacking financial preparation, issues with a partner, needing to focus on other children, and health-related reasons among others. This article will highlight key facts and statistics about abortion.

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There are two types of abortions: medication abortions and in-clinic or surgical abortions. The choice of process or procedure will depend on how far along the pregnancy is, preference, and access to abortion care services.

Medication Abortion

The availability of mifepristone in the United States has been the subject of recent legal challenges. In April 2023, a federal judge in Texas issued a ruling to suspend mifepristone's FDA approval. The case went to an appeals court and the Supreme Court, which returned the case to the appeals court.

The Supreme Court heard the case again and in June 2024, unanimously ruled to uphold wide access to mifepristone, including allowing it to be prescribed via telehealth and delivered by mail.

Medication abortion involves taking two different types of medicine: Mifeprex (mifepristone) and Cytotec (misoprostol). The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved mifepristone, used together with misoprostol, for abortions for up to 10 weeks into a pregnancy (70 days or less since the first day of the last menstrual period).

The medication can be taken at home, and the process of passing the pregnancy tissue can take between four and five hours. This type of abortion is between 87% and 98% effective. Checking in with a healthcare provider afterward to confirm that the abortion was successful can include an ultrasound or a pregnancy test.

Mifepristone has a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) program, and is only available from certified prescribers in clinics, medical offices, and hospitals or from certified pharmacies, with a prescription from a certified prescriber.

Misoprostol, on the other hand, has a little more flexibility. Your healthcare provider can give you misoprostol tablets or send a prescription to your retail pharmacy.

In-Clinic or Surgical Abortion

There are a few different types of abortion procedures performed in a clinic. The procedures typically use suction to remove pregnancy tissue from the uterus. A vacuum aspiration procedure can be performed up to 14–16 weeks after your last menstrual period.

If it's been longer than 16 weeks since your last period, a dilation and evacuation (D&E) procedure is performed. Either procedure can be performed as early as five or six weeks after your last menstrual period. In-clinic abortions are more than 99% effective.

Abortions are very common. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) reports that 25% of all women will have an abortion before they turn 45 years old.

Though 40.2% of those who had an abortion in 2019 had not previously birthed a child, nearly 60% of all people who had gotten an abortion in that year previously had at least one live birth.

In terms of the point at which most abortions are performed, nearly 80% of abortions performed in 2019 were at or before the ninth week of pregnancy. In the same year, over 90% of abortions performed were before or by the 13th week of pregnancy.

Abortion rates differ by a number of factors, including race and ethnicity. Of all the abortions reported in 2019, Hispanic women accounted for about 21% and non-Hispanic women accounted for just over 7%. Among non-Hispanic women, White and Black women comprised 33.4% and 38.4%, respectively.

Though the percentages were similar, the abortion rate among non-Hispanic White women is 6.6 per 1,000 women and the rate for non-Hispanic Black women is 23.8 per 1,000 women.

People of different ages and genders seek out abortion care. In terms of age specifically, abortion rates have been decreasing among all age groups in recent years. Those who identified as women in their 20s accounted for the highest percentage of abortions among all legally induced abortions in the United States in 2019.

Women between the ages of 20 and 24 years old accounted for 27.6% of all abortions. Just over 29% of all abortions were to women between the ages of 25 and 29. The lowest percentages were found among women under the age of 15 and over the age of 40.

Those who identify as women seek out abortions, but so do transgender and gender-non-binary people. The Guttmacher Institute's Abortion Provider Census for 2017 reported that between 462 and 530 transgender and non-binary people had abortions in the United States.

Abortion procedures are considered safe and common. However, just like any medical procedure, there is the possibility of some risks and complications. These may include:

An incomplete abortion : This occurs when the contents of the pregnancy in the uterus are not completely removed. It is more likely to occur during a medication abortion. Follow-up care is necessary in this case.
Infection following procedure : Your healthcare provider may prescribe antibiotics to prevent an infection or to treat one following the procedure.
Atypical or heavy bleeding : Though some bleeding is normal after either type of abortion, heavy bleeding or hemorrhage is not typical and requires immediate medical care.
Organ damage : It is possible during an in-clinic abortion procedure to experience damage to your uterus or other nearby organs. Surgical procedures may be necessary to address any damage.

There is no evidence to suggest that abortions impact the risk of cancer, depression, or infertility in the future.

Some people may suspect they could be pregnant due to having sex without using birth control, using it incorrectly, or using birth control that failed to work properly. Others may suspect they're pregnant due to symptoms often experienced early in a pregnancy, such as:

A missed menstrual period
Feeling bloated
Having to pee frequently
Mood swings
Feeling nauseous
Tender or sore breasts

Tests can indicate whether you are pregnant (by detecting human chorionic gonadotropin, also known as hCG) within days after conception (when sperm fertilizes an egg). There are two types of pregnancy tests: an at-home urine test and a blood test.

The urine test taken at home can typically detect hCG as early as 10 days after conception. They are 99% accurate when taken as directed. A blood test taken at a healthcare provider's office can also detect it between nine and 12 days after conception.

Abortions in the United States are safe and very common. People of different ages, genders, races, and ethnicities seek out abortion care. There are two types of abortions: medication abortions and in-clinic/surgical abortions. How far along a pregnancy is, preference, and access to healthcare are all factors that influence which abortion process or procedure to use.

Though abortions are considered very safe, risks and complications are as possible as they are with any medical procedure. Taking note of any common early pregnancy symptoms and confirming pregnancy with an at-home or blood test can help detect pregnancy in the early weeks.

Food and Drug Administration. Questions and answers on mifepristone for medical termination of pregnancy through ten weeks gestation .

Planned Parenthood. The abortion pill .

Planned Parenthood. How does the abortion pill work?

Planned Parenthood. In-clinic abortion .

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Abortion care .

Kortsmit K. Abortion surveillance — united states, 2019 . MMWR Surveill Summ . 2021;70.

Jones RK, Witwer E, Jerman J. Transgender abortion patients and the provision of transgender-specific care at non-hospital facilities that provide abortions . Contraception: X . 2020;2:100019. doi: 10.1016/j.conx.2020.100019

Planned Parenthood. Pregnancy month by month .

Cleveland Clinic. Pregnancy tests .

By Katie Wilkinson, MPH, MCHES Katie Wilkinson is a public health professional with more than 10 years of experience supporting the health and well-being of people in the university setting. Her health literacy efforts have spanned many mediums in her professional career: from brochures and handouts to blogs, social media, and web content.

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How to Write a Pros & Cons Essay: Step-By-Step Guide
Formatting. Write in the traditional format. It should consist of an introduction, middle paragraphs (one paragraph for each idea), and a conclusion. Use short and concise sentences to avoid losing yourself in your thoughts. Run-on sentences will confuse the reader and impede seamless reading.
How to Write a Pros and Cons Essay Like a Pro
Show me examples. When you're writing a pros and cons essay, you must follow two important guidelines. 1. Choose a debatable topic. Choosing a debatable topic allows you to select a balanced number of pros and cons. 2. Give equal weight to both the pros and the cons. You aren't just making a pros essay or a cons essay.
6.3.5: How to Write an Argument Essay
See how the pros and cons relate. Decide which you want to write about. Do you want to focus on the pros or the cons? Pick the one you feel offers the most possibilities for exploration. Or, choose the solution that seems the most logical, the most doable.
How to Write a Pros & Cons Essay
You might use a graphic organizer to bring order to your findings. Draw a large lowercase "t" on a sheet of paper. Title the left side "pros" and list all the pros of the issue on the left side. Include citations from your research. Title the right side "cons" and repeat the process.
8 Strategies for Writing Persuasive Pros and Cons Essays
8 Strategies for Writing Persuasive Pros and Cons Essays. A pros and cons essay is a subtype of argumentative essay. In the essay, you highlight the advantages and disadvantages of a topic or choice. However, you are not usually neutral. Instead, after laying out the pros and cons, you use them to draw a conclusion on the issue.
How to Write a Pro & Con Thesis Statement
You need at least three pros and cons for a sufficient argument. 3. Take a Stand. A strong thesis statement is one that takes a stand and can be defended. Decide which side of the argument you support and group all your thoughts into one central theme. In order to take a stand, you must know opposing viewpoints and provide evidence against them.
How to Write a Pros & Cons Essay
Pros and Cons. The body of your paper should clearly outline the pros and cons of a particular issue. Devote at least one paragraph to each argument. You might, for example, dedicate a paragraph each to arguments in favor of the death penalty such as vengeance and deterrence, and a paragraph each to arguments against it such as executing the ...
Tips on Writing a Pros and Cons Essay
3. Write an outline. Once you've got a list of pros and cons, write your outline. It should consist of an introduction, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion. In the body of the essay, you should address the pros and cons. You may choose to list all the pros first and then address the cons, or you may devote each paragraph of the body to a ...
PDF The chart used in this handout was adapted from a chart in
Most of the time when writing a pro/con essay, all of the pros (or cons) are listed first, followed by all of the cons (or pros). For example, if you were to write a pro/con essay on personal computers, you could first list the pros and then list the cons of computer usage. Example:
How to Write a Pros and Cons Essay
To wrap up your pros and cons essays, you'll need to provide the reader with your opinion. As you state your opinion, you should provide your reasoning for making this choice. For example, if you're writing about the pros and cons of owning a dog, your conclusion might include a sentence such as "I believe that the benefits of owning a dog far ...
An Example of How to Write a Pro & Con Essay
"Pro and Con" essays are impartial reports engineered to provide the reader with both the positive and negative aspects of any given topic. Your job as the writer of one of these essays is to provide accurate information that backs up both sides of the argument, yet does not show any favor toward one side or ...
How to Write a Pros & Cons Essay
A pros and cons essay is a type of persuasive assignment where you discuss both sides of a debatable issue before revealing your own position. The objective, balanced structure allows audiences to formulate their own opinions before hearing your final analysis. You can write a good pros and cons essay by giving fair, ...
A for and against essay
Look at the essay and do the exercises to improve your writing ... A for and against essay - writing practice 497.45 ... Yesterday I wrote a comment for this exercise "A Pros and Against Test" and I submitted they said your comment is awaiting moderation this is quite normal for this to happen when you write a new comment. before posting you ...
How to write PROS & CONS ESSAY in English
Do you know how to write a pros & cons essay? if you don't, keep watching!Improve your writing and organize your ideas by clicking below to download my free...
Write your PROS & CONS essay like this! (With C1 level example)
If you're having trouble writing a PROS & CONS essay, then this video is for you! In this video, I'm going to share with you an example C1 level PROS & CONS ...
B2 First WRITING TASK: PROS AND CONS, FOR AND AGAINST ESSAY ...
In this video we will learn how to face one of the most frequent writing tasks on your B2 First English exam: PROS and CONS essay or in other words, FOR and ...
How to Write an Advantages and Disadvantages Essay
Label one as "advantages" and the other as "disadvantages" and write all the ideas that come to mind beneath each section. You should then add some details and examples under each idea, and ideally, you should decide on which advantages and disadvantages are the most crucial to your argument. 5. Choose a Side.
Linking expressions to introduce advantages and disadvantages
In an argumentative text/essay what linking expressions can be used to introduce the pros and cons of the essay topic/object/theme, after a short introduction? For example, if I'm writing an argumentative essay about some website, what linking expressions can be used to introduce its advantages and disadvantages? Is the example below correct?
How To Write A Convincing Pros And Cons Essay?
Writing a convincing pros and cons essay in 6 steps . The writing process for this type of work is quite similar to a standard argumentative essay - research, outline, write, and edit. However, let us get deeper into the details and give you some extra tips to ensure success! Research the topic
Noting Pros & Cons
Noting Pros & Cons. Once you know your topic for writing, develop ideas by pretending you're preparing for a debate. List all of the pros and cons you can think of related to your topic. When you have your lists of pros and cons, you can then decide whether to include one or both sides in your writing. For example: Smoking Outside of ...
Pros And Cons
Pros And Cons - Free Essay Examples And Topic Ideas. Pros and cons are a simple and effective method of evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of a particular idea, decision, or situation. Using this method allows for a comprehensive analysis of the situation, including both the benefits and drawbacks, which can ultimately lead to a more ...
My English Corner: WRITING A PROS AND CONS ESSAY
Instructions. 1. Begin your essay by introducing your topic and explaining that you are exploring the advantages and disadvantages of this topic. You do not need a thesis because this is not a persuasive-paper. You aren't proving anything; you are simply giving informationIn articles and compositions, we may use any of the following techniques ...
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The cons of writing a five-paragraph essay. The structure is rigid. Depending on its usage, the structure and convention of the five paragraphs can make creating an essay easier to understand and write. However, for writing outside of a traditional high school essay, this format can be limiting. To illustrate points creatively, you might want ...
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250 Words Essay on Pros and Cons of Social Media Introduction. Social media has become an integral part of modern society, shaping the way we communicate, learn, and engage with the world around us. Yet, it is a double-edged sword, with its advantages and disadvantages intricately linked. Pros of Social Media
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This sequence of exercises is centered around the final project, in which students are asked to write a comparative argumentative essay in response to the term "cosmopolitanism." Spanning across four weeks at the end of the term, the sequence that leads up to an 8-10-page essay aims at helping students craft a critical, comparative outlook in handling complex research topics, as well as ...
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Cons of Online Learning. Now that we've looked at some of the biggest pros of online learning, let's examine a few of the drawbacks: 1. Learning environment. While many learners thrive in an asynchronous learning environment, others struggle. Some learners prefer live lessons and an instructor they can connect with multiple times a week.
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How to Write a Pros & Cons Essay: Step-By-Step Guide

What Is a Pros and Cons Essay?

A Compelling Topic

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Organizing the Argument Essay

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How to Write an Advantages and Disadvantages Essay

Why Write An Advantages and Disadvantages Essay?

Advantages of Essay Writing:

Disadvantages of Essay Writing:

1. Understand an Advantage and Disadvantage

For example:

For instance:

2. Think About Advantages and Disadvantages in Your Own Life

3. Choose a Topic

3.1 List of Example Topics

4. Brainstorm Advantages vs. Disadvantages

5. Choose a Side

For Instance:

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