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430+ Research Methodology (RM) Solved MCQs

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Research Methodology

• Introduction to Research Methodology
• Research Approaches
• Concepts of Theory and Empiricism
• Characteristics of scientific method
• Understanding the Language of Research
• 11 Steps in Research Process
• Research Design
• Different Research Designs
• Compare and Contrast the Main Types of Research Designs
• Cross-sectional research design
• Qualitative and Quantitative Research
• Descriptive Research VS Qualitative Research
• Experimental Research VS Quantitative Research
• Sampling Design
• Probability VS Non-Probability Sampling

40 MCQ on Research Methodology

• MCQ on research Process
• MCQ on Research Design
• 18 MCQ on Quantitative Research
• 30 MCQ on Qualitative Research
• 45 MCQ on Sampling Methods
• 20 MCQ on Principles And Planning For Research

Q1. Which of the following statement is correct? (A) Reliability ensures the validity (B) Validity ensures reliability (C) Reliability and validity are independent of each other (D) Reliability does not depend on objectivity

Answer:  (C)

Q2. Which of the following statements is correct? (A) Objectives of research are stated in first chapter of the thesis (B) Researcher must possess analytical ability (C) Variability is the source of problem (D) All the above

Answer:  (D)

Q3. The first step of research is: (A) Selecting a problem (B) Searching a problem (C) Finding a problem (D) Identifying a problem

Q4. Research can be conducted by a person who: (A) holds a postgraduate degree (B) has studied research methodology (C) possesses thinking and reasoning ability (D) is a hard worker

Answer: (B)

Q5. Research can be classified as: (A) Basic, Applied and Action Research (B) Philosophical, Historical, Survey and Experimental Research (C) Quantitative and Qualitative Research (D) All the above

Q6. To test null hypothesis, a researcher uses: (A) t test (B) ANOVA (C)  X 2 (D) factorial analysis

Answer:  (B)

Q7. Bibliography given in a research report: (A) shows vast knowledge of the researcher (B) helps those interested in further research (C) has no relevance to research (D) all the above

Q8. A research problem is feasible only when: (A) it has utility and relevance (B) it is researchable (C) it is new and adds something to knowledge (D) all the above

Q9. The study in which the investigators attempt to trace an effect is known as: (A) Survey Research (B) Summative Research (C) Historical Research (D) ‘Ex-post Facto’ Research

Answer: (D)

Q10. Generalized conclusion on the basis of a sample is technically known as: (A) Data analysis and interpretation (B) Parameter inference (C) Statistical inference (D) All of the above

Answer:  (A)

Q11. Fundamental research reflects the ability to: (A) Synthesize new ideals (B) Expound new principles (C) Evaluate the existing material concerning research (D) Study the existing literature regarding various topics

Q12. The main characteristic of scientific research is: (A) empirical (B) theoretical (C) experimental (D) all of the above

Q13. Authenticity of a research finding is its: (A) Originality (B) Validity (C) Objectivity (D) All of the above

Q14. Which technique is generally followed when the population is finite? (A) Area Sampling Technique (B) Purposive Sampling Technique (C) Systematic Sampling Technique (D) None of the above

Q15. Research problem is selected from the stand point of: (A) Researcher’s interest (B) Financial support (C) Social relevance (D) Availability of relevant literature

Q16. The research is always – (A) verifying the old knowledge (B) exploring new knowledge (C) filling the gap between knowledge (D) all of these

Q17. Research is (A) Searching again and again (B) Finding a solution to any problem (C) Working in a scientific way to search for the truth of any problem (D) None of the above

Q20. A common test in research demands much priority on (A) Reliability (B) Useability (C) Objectivity (D) All of the above

Q21. Which of the following is the first step in starting the research process? (A) Searching sources of information to locate the problem. (B) Survey of related literature (C) Identification of the problem (D) Searching for solutions to the problem

Answer: (C)

Q22. Which correlation coefficient best explains the relationship between creativity and intelligence? (A) 1.00 (B) 0.6 (C) 0.5 (D) 0.3

Q23. Manipulation is always a part of (A) Historical research (B) Fundamental research (C) Descriptive research (D) Experimental research

Explanation: In experimental research, researchers deliberately manipulate one or more independent variables to observe their effects on dependent variables. The goal is to establish cause-and-effect relationships and test hypotheses. This type of research often involves control groups and random assignment to ensure the validity of the findings. Manipulation is an essential aspect of experimental research to assess the impact of specific variables and draw conclusions about their influence on the outcome.

Q24. The research which is exploring new facts through the study of the past is called (A) Philosophical research (B) Historical research (C) Mythological research (D) Content analysis

Q25. A null hypothesis is (A) when there is no difference between the variables (B) the same as research hypothesis (C) subjective in nature (D) when there is difference between the variables

Q26. We use Factorial Analysis: (A) To know the relationship between two variables (B) To test the Hypothesis (C) To know the difference between two variables (D) To know the difference among the many variables

Explanation: Factorial analysis, specifically factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA), is used to investigate the effects of two or more independent variables on a dependent variable. It helps to determine whether there are significant differences or interactions among the independent variables and their combined effects on the dependent variable.

Q27. Which of the following is classified in the category of the developmental research? (A) Philosophical research (B) Action research (C) Descriptive research (D) All the above

Q28.  Action-research is: (A) An applied research (B) A research carried out to solve immediate problems (C) A longitudinal research (D) All the above

Explanation: Action research is an approach to research that encompasses all the options mentioned. It is an applied research method where researchers work collaboratively with practitioners or stakeholders to address immediate problems or issues in a real-world context. It is often conducted over a period of time, making it a longitudinal research approach. So, all the options (A) An applied research, (B) A research carried out to solve immediate problems, and (C) A longitudinal research are correct when describing action research.

Q29.  The basis on which assumptions are formulated: (A) Cultural background of the country (B) Universities (C) Specific characteristics of the castes (D) All of these

Q30. How can the objectivity of the research be enhanced? (A) Through its impartiality (B) Through its reliability (C) Through its validity (D) All of these

Q31.  A research problem is not feasible only when: (A) it is researchable (B) it is new and adds something to the knowledge (C) it consists of independent and dependent var i ables (D) it has utility and relevance

Explanation:  A research problem is considered feasible when it can be studied and investigated using appropriate research methods and resources. The presence of independent and dependent variables is not a factor that determines the feasibility of a research problem. Instead, it is an essential component of a well-defined research problem that helps in formulating research questions or hypotheses. Feasibility depends on whether the research problem can be addressed and answered within the constraints of available time, resources, and methods. Options (A), (B), and (D) are more relevant to the feasibility of a research problem.

Q32. The process not needed in experimental research is: (A) Observation (B) Manipulation and replication (C) Controlling (D) Reference collection

In experimental research, reference collection is not a part of the process.

Q33. When a research problem is related to heterogeneous population, the most suitable sampling method is: (A) Cluster Sampling (B) Stratified Sampling (C) Convenient Sampling (D) Lottery Method

Explanation: When a research problem involves a heterogeneous population, stratified sampling is the most suitable sampling method. Stratified sampling involves dividing the population into subgroups or strata based on certain characteristics or variables. Each stratum represents a relatively homogeneous subset of the population. Then, a random sample is taken from each stratum in proportion to its size or importance in the population. This method ensures that the sample is representative of the diversity present in the population and allows for more precise estimates of population parameters for each subgroup.

Q34.  Generalised conclusion on the basis of a sample is technically known as: (A) Data analysis and interpretation (B) Parameter inference (C) Statistical inference (D) All of the above

Explanation: Generalized conclusions based on a sample are achieved through statistical inference. It involves using sample data to make inferences or predictions about a larger population. Statistical inference helps researchers draw conclusions, estimate parameters, and test hypotheses about the population from which the sample was taken. It is a fundamental concept in statistics and plays a crucial role in various fields, including research, data analysis, and decision-making.

Q35. The experimental study is based on

(A) The manipulation of variables (B) Conceptual parameters (C) Replication of research (D) Survey of literature

Q36.  Which one is called non-probability sampling? (A) Cluster sampling (B) Quota sampling (C) Systematic sampling (D) Stratified random sampling

Q37.  Formulation of hypothesis may NOT be required in: (A) Survey method (B) Historical studies (C) Experimental studies (D) Normative studies

Q38. Field-work-based research is classified as: (A) Empirical (B) Historical (C) Experimental (D) Biographical

Q39. Which of the following sampling method is appropriate to study the prevalence of AIDS amongst male and female in India in 1976, 1986, 1996 and 2006? (A) Cluster sampling (B) Systematic sampling (C) Quota sampling (D) Stratified random sampling

Q40. The research that applies the laws at the time of field study to draw more and more clear ideas about the problem is: (A) Applied research (B) Action research (C) Experimental research (D) None of these

Answer: (A)

Research Methodology Quiz | MCQ (Multiple Choice Questions)

In order to enhance your understanding of research methodology, we have made thought-provoking quiz featuring multiple-choice questions.

This quiz served as a tool to assess your knowledge and comprehension of various research techniques and methodologies. Each question presented unique scenarios, challenging you to analyze and select the most appropriate methodological approach.

The quiz aimed to sharpen your critical thinking skills and reinforce our grasp on essential concepts in the realm of research. By actively participating in this exercise, we deepened your appreciation for the significance of selecting the right research methods to achieve reliable and meaningful results.

Other articles

Please read through some of our other articles with examples and explanations if you’d like to learn more about research methodology.

• PLS-SEM model
• Principal Components Analysis
• Multivariate Analysis
• Friedman Test
• Chi-Square Test (Χ²)
• Effect Size

 Methodology

• Research Methodology Quiz MCQ
• Research Methods
• Quantitative Research
• Qualitative Research
• Case Study Research
• Survey Research
• Conclusive Research
• Descriptive Research
• Cross-Sectional Research
• Theoretical Framework
• Conceptual Framework
• Triangulation
• Grounded Theory
• Quasi-Experimental Design
• Mixed Method
• Correlational Research
• Randomized Controlled Trial
• Stratified Sampling
• Ethnography
• Ghost Authorship
• Secondary Data Collection
• Primary Data Collection
• Ex-Post-Facto
• Table of Contents
•   Dissertation Topic
• Thesis Statement
• Research Proposal
• Research Questions
• Research Problem
• Research Gap
• Types of Research Gaps
• Operationalization of Variables
• Literature Review
• Research Hypothesis
• Questionnaire
• Reliability
• Measurement of Scale
• Sampling Techniques
• Acknowledgements

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Research Methods and Statistics in Psychology

Student resources, multiple choice questions.

Revise your knowledge with these multiple choice quiz questions.

Chapter 2: Research in Psychology: Objectives and Ideals

Chapter 3: Research Methods  

Chapter 4: Experimental Design

Chapter 5: Survey Design

Chapter 6: Descriptive Statistics

Chapter 7: Some Principles of Statistical Inference    

Chapter 8: Examining Differences between Means: The t -test

Chapter 9: Examining Relationships between Variables: Correlation    

Chapter 10: Comparing Two or More Means by Analysing Variances: ANOVA    

Chapter 11: Analysing Other Forms of Data: Chi-square and Distribution-free Tests

Chapter 12: Classical Qualitative Methods

Chapter 13: Contextual Qualitative Methods

Chapter 14: Research Ethics    

Chapter 15: Conclusion: Managing Uncertainty in Psychological Research

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100 Questions (and Answers) About Research Methods

• Neil J. Salkind
• Description

"How do I create a good research hypothesis?"

"How do I know when my literature review is finished?"

"What is the difference between a sample and a population?"

"What is power and why is it important?"

In an increasingly data-driven world, it is more important than ever for students as well as professionals to better understand the process of research. This invaluable guide answers the essential questions that students ask about research methods in a concise and accessible way.

See what’s new to this edition by selecting the Features tab on this page. Should you need additional information or have questions regarding the HEOA information provided for this title, including what is new to this edition, please email [email protected] . Please include your name, contact information, and the name of the title for which you would like more information. For information on the HEOA, please go to http://ed.gov/policy/highered/leg/hea08/index.html .

For assistance with your order: Please email us at [email protected] or connect with your SAGE representative.

SAGE 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 www.sagepub.com

"This is a concise text that has good coverage of the basic concepts and elementary principles of research methods. It picks up where many traditional research methods texts stop and provides additional discussion on some of the hardest to understand concepts."

"I think it’s a great idea for a text (or series), and I have no doubt that the majority of students would find it helpful. The material is presented clearly, and it is easy to read and understand. My favorite example from those provided is on p. 7 where the author provides an actual checklist for evaluating the merit of a study. This is a great tool for students and would provide an excellent “practice” approach to learning this skill. Over time students wouldn’t need a checklist, but I think it would be invaluable for those students with little to no research experience."

I already am using 3 other books. This is a good book though.

Did not meet my needs

I had heard good things about Salkind's statistics book and wanted to review his research book as well. The 100 questions format is cute, and may provide a quick answer to a specific student question. However, it's not really organized in a way that I find particularly useful for a more integrated course that progressively develop and builds upon concepts.

comes across as a little disorganized, plus a little too focused on psychology and statistics.

This text is a great resource guide for graduate students. But it may not work as well with undergraduates orienting themselves to the research process. However, I will use it as a recommended text for students.

Key Features

· The entire research process is covered from start to finish: Divided into nine parts, the book  guides readers from the initial asking of questions, through the analysis and interpretation of data, to the final report

· Each question and answer provides a stand-alone explanation: Readers gain enough information on a particular topic to move on to the next question, and topics can be read in any order

· Most questions and answers supplement others in the book: Important material is reinforced, and connections are made between the topics

· Each answer ends with referral to three other related questions: Readers are shown where to go for additional information on the most closely related topics

Sample Materials & Chapters

Question #16: Question #16: How Do I Know When My Literature Review Is Finished?

Question #32: How Can I Create a Good Research Hypothesis?

Question #40: What Is the Difference Between a Sample and a Population, and Why

Question #92: What Is Power, and Why Is It Important?

For instructors

Select a purchasing option.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY MCQs [2023]

This article includes some of the MCQs from Research Methodology.

• Collecting data
• Formulating a research question
• Analyzing data
• Drawing conclusion
• Meta-analysis
• A conclusion drawn from data analysis
• A summary of research findings
• A measurement of data accuracy
• A statement of predicted relationship between variables
• To identify the research gaps
• To summarize research findings
• To collect primary data
• To analyze data
• The variable that is manipulated by the researcher
• The variable that remains constant throughout the research
• The variable that is measured and observed
• The variable that is not relevant to the research question
• To present research findings
• To provide a rationale for the study
• To establish causality
• To guide the data collection process
• A plan for data analysis
• A method for data collection
• A statistical technique
• A framework for conducting research
• To draw conclusion from data
• To develop research hypotheses
• Chi-squared test
• Analysis of variance (ANOVA)
• Regression analysis
• To provide a baseline for comparison
• To receive the experimental treatment
• To control for confounding variables
• To ensure internal validity
• Research article
• Meta analysis
• Interview transcript
• Large sample size
• Standardize data collection methods
• Emphasis on context and social interactions
• Objectives and detached perspective
• Participant observation
• Structured interviews
• Content Analysis
• Focus Groups
• Understanding the meanings and interpretations of individuals
• Hypothesis testing
• Statistical analysis
• Structured questionnaires
• Experiments
• Interviews and Observations
• What is the prevalence of depression in college students?
• How does gender influence job satisfaction ?
• What is the relationship between income and happiness?
• What are the factors that contribute to successful weight loss?
• Experimental research
• Longitudinal research
• Phenomenology
• Correlation research
• Ethnography
• Correlational Study
• Phenomenological study
• To provide a clear research direction
• Clear and Focused
• Relevant and significant
• Testable and measurable
• Broad and ambiguous
• A sample that is selected by chance
• A sample that is selected based on specific criteria
• A sample that is selected from population in a systematic way
• A sample that is selected based on convenience
• A survey of a large population
• An in-depth investigation of a single individual or group
• An experimental design that tests a hypothesis
• An analysis of existing statistical data
• The group of people who participate in the study
• The larger group from which the participants are selected
• The variables being studied
• THe data collected in the study
• Standard Deviation
• Correlation Coefficient
• Chi-square test
• Randomized controlled trial
• Quasi-experimental design
• Cross-sectional study
• Regression Analysis
• Wilcoxon rank-sum test
• Paired-sample test
• To gather primary data
• To establish the sample size
• To test the research hypothesis
• To refine the research methodology
• Convenience Sampling
• Stratified Sampling
• Cluster Sampling
• Simple Random Sampling
• To summarize and describe data
• To explore relationships between variables
• To interpret qualitative data
• To test hypotheses and make inferences about a population
• Primary data
• Secondary data
• Tertiary data
• A summary of book
• A summary of research study
• A summary of the literature on a particular topic
• A summary of a movie
• Identify the research question
• Identify the study population
• Identify the research hypothesis
• Identify the research methodology
• To provide a summary of the main concepts related to the research topic
• To establish the theoretical foundation for the research study
• To outline the research design and methods
• To report the findings of the research study
• Literature review
• Data analysis
• Research question
• Data collection
• Temporal order
• Covariation
• Association
• Control of confounding variables
• The research question
• The research design
• The data collection method
• The data analysis plan
• A plan for collecting data in as research study
• A plan for analyzing data collected in a research study
• A plan for reporting research findings
• A plan for selecting research participants
• Age of participants in a research study
• Gender of participants in a research study
• Scores on a likert scale in a questionnaire
• Responses to open-ended questions in a survey
• The value that appears most frequently in a dataset
• The average of a dataset
• The middle value of a dataset
• The difference between the highest and lowest values in a dataset
• It is exploratory in nature.
• It is aimed at developing new theories
• It is focused on solving practical problems
• It is conducted without a specific application
• Descriptive bias
• Sampling bias
• Causal bias
• Inferential bias
• The tendency of participants to provide socially desirable responses
• The systematic error in measurement instruments
• The distortion of memory in reporting past events
• The influence of the researcher’s expectations on data collection
• Using random sampling techniques
• Double-blind data collection
• Using multiple data collection methods
• Ensuring strict adherence to research protocols
• A measure of central tendency
• A measure of variability
• A systematic error in data collection
• A random error in data collection
• By using a small sample size
• By using biased data collection instruments
• By using non-random sampling techniques
• By using appropriate data collection and analysis methods

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Research Methodology Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

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Top 20 Research Design MCQ With Answers

Below given are top 20 important Research Design MCQ with answers. These updated multiple choice questions on research design are helpful for BBA, B Com, MBA, MMS, BMS, B Sc, Engineering, PGDM, M Phil and Ph D students and researchers. These MCQs will help for UGC NET, SET, MPSC, UPSC and other competitive entrance exams.

_______research is based on the measurement of quantity or amount.

A. Qualitative

B. Descriptive

C. Quantitative

D. Numerical

______ describes the present state of affairs as it exists without having any control over variables.

A. Analytical research

B. Descriptive research

C. Applied research

D. Distinctive research

In the _______research, the researcher has to use facts or information already available .

A. Analytical

D. Distinctive

__ ___ research is concerned with qualitative phenomena.

______ is related to some abstract ideas or theory.

A. Contextual research

B. Conceptual research

C. Ideal research

D. Empirical research

______ is data-based, coming up with conclusions that are capable of being verified, by observation or by experiment.

The objective of ______ is the development of hypotheses rather than their testing .

A. Laboratory research

B. Diagnostic research

C. Exploratory research

A ________ refers to some difficulty that a researcher experiences in either a theoretical or practical situation

A. research hypothesis

B. research experience

C. research problem

D. research crisis

_______ as a testable statement of a potential relationship between two or more variables.

Research design is a _________for conducting the marketing research project.

A. strategy

B. framework

C. blueprint

D. both B & C

______ is a hypothetical statements denying what are explicitly indicated in working hypotheses.

A. Null hypotheses

B. Working hypotheses

C. Descriptive hypotheses

D. Relational hypotheses

A Blue print of Research work is known as _______

A. sampling design

B. research design

C. research hypotheses

D. research approach

Research design is a blue print, outline and a _________

A. guidance

D. strategy

The choice of research design is influenced by the ________

A. the nature of the research problem

B. the audiences for the study

C. the researchers’ personal experiences

D. all of the above

A Blue print of Research work is called ____

A. Research design

B. Research Problem

C. Research methods

D. Research tools

_______ affect the choice of research methods .

A. Whether the research is ethical or not

B. Time and money available

C. Aims of the researcher

________ is the name of the conceptual framework in which the research is carried out.

A. Research paradigm

B. Synopsis of Research

C. Research design

D. Research hypothesis

The longitudinal research approach mainly deal with _____

A. Horizontal research

B. Vertical Research

C. Short-term research

D. Long-term research

Authenticity of a research finding is its ____

A. Objectivity

B. Tangibility

C. Originality

D. Validity

Research design is a blue print, outline and a ______

A. Strategy

This is all about solved MCQ on Research Design and related concepts.

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Our experts have gathered these Quantitative Research Method MCQs through research, and we hope that you will be able to see how much knowledge base you have for the subject of Quantitative Research Method by answering these multiple-choice questions. Get started now by scrolling down!

1: The ________ measures a distribution's standard deviation in terms of its percentage to the mean.

A.   Variance

B.   ​z-score

C.   Median

D.   Coefficient of variation

2: Which of the following best describes quantitative research?

A.   A research approach that focuses on collecting qualitative data

B.   A research approach that uses statistical and numerical data for analysis

C.   A research approach that emphasizes subjective interpretations and meanings

D.   A research approach that relies solely on observational data

3: What is the primary goal of quantitative research?

A.   To explore and describe phenomena in-depth

B.   To generate new theories and concepts

C.   To measure and quantify relationships between variables

D.   To understand subjective experiences and perspectives

4: Which of the following is an example of a quantitative research method?

A.   Case study

B.   Grounded theory

C.   Experimental design

D.   Phenomenological inquiry

5: What is a variable in quantitative research?

A.   A constant value that remains the same throughout the study

B.   A measurable attribute that can vary or take different values

C.   A qualitative characteristic that cannot be measured or quantified

D.   A research question or hypothesis to be tested

6: What is the purpose of sampling in quantitative research?

A.   To collect a diverse range of qualitative data

B.   To ensure generalizability of findings to the larger population

C.   To generate rich and detailed descriptions of specific cases

D.   To explore subjective experiences and meanings

7: Which statistical analysis method is used to determine the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables?

A.   Factor analysis

B.   Chi-square test

C.   Correlation analysis

D.   ANOVA

8: What is the role of a hypothesis in quantitative research?

A.   To provide a detailed description of the research topic

B.   To guide the research process and generate testable predictions

C.   To summarize and interpret the findings of the study

D.   To explore subjective experiences and perspectives

9: Which of the following is an example of a survey-based quantitative research instrument?

A.   Interview guide

B.   Focus group protocol

C.   Questionnaire

D.   Observational checklist

10: What is the term used to describe the extent to which a research study accurately measures what it intends to measure?

A.   Reliability

B.   Validity

C.   Generalizability

D.   Replicability

11: Which research design allows for causal inferences to be made in quantitative research?

A.   Cross-sectional design

B.   Longitudinal design

D.   Ethnographic design

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