personal statement of information system

Call us : +88 (0) 1712969390, +44 (0) 7495942849, +44 (0) 7459725824

[email protected]

Sign in  |  Sign up     

Personal Statement – MSc Information Systems Management

• Sample personal statement

09 July, 2022

Personal statement – msc information systems management share.

• 12 May, 2013

I am well pleased to apply this application with concentration to study the course Information Systems Management MSc at the University of Bedfordshire. My interest in information technology and information systems drives me passionate to pursue management roles in charge of information systems. The course is designed to study aspects of information systems, digital analytics, marketing and the digital future and strategic management. From this course, I will be benefited from teamwork and engagement to contribute the ethical and innovative practice. Also from this MSc degree, I will learn the contemporary approaches to information systems management and how the approaches develop by challenges and opportunities. So, I am confident that this course is suitable to achieve my future career goal.

I have reviewed the programme of Information Systems Management MSc at the University of Bedfordshire and found some modules that are adjusted with the modern organisations and the global competitive business environment. By research, I came to know that this course is suitable for graduates who, through their interest in information technology and information systems wish to pursue management roles in charge of information systems. The modules include Business Dissertation, Digital Analytics and Online Customer Experience, Information Systems, Marketing and the Digital Future, Performance Achievement Planning, and Strategic Management. After progress to the Master's capstone stage, there will be an option to choose one of the three - Business Dissertation, Business Live Project, and Professional Practice. For that, students will learn to produce an individual, independent piece of work. And these modules will help me to broaden my knowledge of information technology and information systems on a professional level. Moreover, this course will be assessed by theories and concepts of real-life business situations, which will teach me to appreciate the importance of being dependable and give me an upper hand in my future career progression. After completion of my course, I want to be an Application/Business Analyst or Information System Manager in well-reputed organizations of my home country. I believe this course will be the right choice for my career plans and objectives.

I have completed my Bachelor of Science in Computer Science & Engineering from American International University Bangladesh (AIUB) in October 2021. Now, I had identified that I have an interest in the Information Systems Management sector and so that, I need to gain more comprehensive knowledge in the global competitive business environment. And this programme will develop my skills through employability practice-based teaching and learning approach in Information Systems theory against a context of real business. In addition, I am principled, dedicated, and self-motivated who is reliable in learning new skills. I am confident that my professional goal makes me a suitable candidate for the course.

By researching, I have come to know that this MSc course will explore the benefits of modern technologies and identify the problems associated with increasingly rapid rates of change in the information technology and business environment. By completing this MSc degree I will gain the concepts along with the number of important transferable skills that will be combined and evaluated in information systems management. In addition, it will also give me the professional experience phase which will make me career-ready. Moreover, the course has been designed to develop the graduates who are able to work by managing relationships through awareness of self and others to evaluate the ideas and contributing to team, will learn to appreciate the importance of being dependable. I think this course is ideal for me to improve my independence and self- development. My learned skills and detailed appreciation of my current knowledge will help me to complete my prospective study. I hope my chosen course will make it better and further open doors for my profession.

The brand of having a degree from the UK is highly respected by employers in Bangladesh as they believe that UK education molds proper professionals and there is an expectation are high from applicants with such degrees. Though, the study environment in my country follows theoretical systems of education which are quite different and no soft skills gained. In recent years, all companies in Bangladesh are emphasizing hiring of Bangladeshi graduates with degrees from abroad, as they see the transferrable skills carried forward from the international education will play a key role in transforming their approach to the business and believe these graduates are capable of doing so. This has played a key part in my decision-making when choosing a study destination. A recent Survey of International Graduate Outcomes 2019 by Universities UK International produced by graduate’s shows that 82% of international graduates say that their UK degree is worth the financial investment and the same percentage say they are satisfied with their careers. 83% feel that a UK degree has helped them to get jobs that they would not get otherwise. So this is the reason to choose the UK over other education destinations. I can see myself thriving more in a world of knowledge and teaching methods I’m accustomed to.

My choice is the University of Bedfordshire as it is incredibly welcoming to international students. To support students the University have invested heavily in their facilities to shape the physical and intellectual environment of learning. With over 22,000 students, the University provides outstanding higher education to people from all backgrounds and from over 120 countries, with a significant proportion of mature students and a growing international postgraduate community. According to DLHE 2018, 91% of graduates in work and/or further study within six months of graduating. Moreover, the University has campuses with excellent facilities. Tutors are high- qualified academics and most of them have received National Teaching Fellowship Awards. By researching a lot I have come to know that, Beds provide tuition to their students that goes way beyond the classroom. Conversely, I will have the opportunity to gain real-world knowledge and transferable skills that employers look for in graduate recruits. Actually, the University supports their students from a dedicated team during their course to get career-ready. And it will be a great achievement for me if I get the opportunity to study at the University of Bedfordshire.

Find more resources

Ba (hons) business management (final year).

• PGD Strategic Leadership and Executive Management Programme
• Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) programme
• SOP - MSc Computing and Information Communication Technology
• BA (Hons) Business Management Programme (Final Year)

Read similar resources

Business success requires a breadth of knowledge and abilities of efficient management to survive in fierce global co...

BA (Hons) Business and Marketing

Modern business is a dynamic environment in which customer wants and needs constantly change at an ever-faster pace. ...

Association of Chartered Certified Accountants

Following my MSc in Financial Management qualification in 2012, I have been in constant search for a real career for ...

Are you looking to study abroad?

Touch your dream with University Admission Expert

• Offering 15,000+ courses at 100+ study locations
• Maintaining 99% visa success rate
• Serving with 14+ years accumulative admission experience
• Providing end-to-end services, almost 24/7

Newsletter Subscription

Keep up to date with the latest news on UK student visa, courses, universities, scholarships, start dates, study guides etc.

Post Comment

• FindAMasters
• Computer Science Masters Personal Statement Sample

Written by Hannah Slack

This is an example personal statement for a Masters degree application in Computer Science. See our guide for advice on writing your own postgraduate personal statement .

Having grown up in a world increasingly dependent on computers, I have witnessed the fast-paced innovative world that computer scientists work in. From a young age I have been following the advanced technical developments humanity has made in exciting fields such as AI and Robotics. I remember being in awe at what was possible with technology after seeing the footage in 2017 of Atlas, the robot made by Boston Dynamics, doing a backflip. The work conducted in Japan is equally, if not more, impressive, with the development of Pepper, the first robot designed to read emotions, in 2014. Watching what computer scientists make possible greatly inspires me and I believe a Masters in Computer Science at your university will help me enter a fascinating field.

I am on track to graduate from my undergraduate degree in Computer Science with a first. I have enjoyed studying the subject at this level and look forward to continuing to more advanced content.

Since school age I have been good at mathematical subjects. I believe that logical thinking comes naturally to me. During my teenage years I took an interest in self-assembling my own computer. This allowed me to explore the inner workings of computers and learn how each part fits together to work as a larger system. What I enjoy about computers is that behind the complex structures, it is just a lot of simple elements.

After working with the hardware side, I went on to explore software. I first became interested in the different operating systems available. I then went on to learn different coding languages, mainly Python, after starting a GCSE in Computing. I believe that coming from a multilingual family helped me learn coding languages. After finishing my GCSE course, I continued to develop my abilities in Python and began to read about other languages and their uses.

During the first year of my undergraduate I also had the fortunate opportunity to build a robot for the Robot Wars reboot with a team made up of my course mates. Not only was this a particularly valuable learning experience, but I greatly enjoyed the teamwork element of creation. Being able to bounce ideas off each other showed me just how exciting technological creation can be as you face a world of possibilities. Unfortunately, our robot did not win but we had a lot of fun and were able to learn from our mistakes.

Throughout my life my hobbies and qualifications have led up to a growing passion for computers. The world is becoming increasingly reliant on computers to help solve many of humanity’s problems. In addition, Computer Science also a fun medium to work with because of the many possibilities it presents. It is rare to find a field that is so vital to society and is extremely enjoyable and that is why I hope to work in a Computer Science field one day. I believe the education opportunities that this course can provide will help me get there.

Find a Masters in Computer Science

If you're interested in a studying Computer Science, then why don't you check out our regularly updated catalogue of available Computer Science Masters courses .

Our postgrad newsletter shares courses, funding news, stories and advice

You may also like....

Have you ever cringed while writing a personal statement? We've all been there! Perhaps this is what you really felt like writing...

Postgraduate study comes in all shapes and sizes. For those of you looking to depart from the mainstream, we've picked out 7 weird and wonderful Masters degrees you may not have heard of!

When it comes to postgraduate study, procrastination can derail even the most valiant of efforts. We take a look at how so many of us fall into the procrastination trap, and how we can escape it!

If your top motivation to apply for a Masters features on this list, it might be time for a rethink!

Postgraduate study is hard at the best of times, but our bad habits certainly don't help! If you're starting soon, watch out for these traps.

You'll encounter people from all walks of life during your Masters. Here's just a selection of the most memorable characters you'll meet.

FindAMasters. Copyright 2005-2024 All rights reserved.

Unknown    ( change )

Have you got time to answer some quick questions about Masters study?

Select your nearest city

• Aberystwyth
• Beaconsfield
• Bishop Burton
• Bournemouth
• Bridlington
• Chatham Maritime
• Cirencester
• East Malling
• Hemel Hempstead
• High Wycombe
• Huddersfield
• Isle of Man
• Jordanstown
• London Central
• London East
• London South
• London West
• Londonderry
• Loughborough
• Middlesbrough
• Milton Keynes
• Musselburgh
• Northampton
• Potters Bar
• Saffron Waldon
• Scarborough
• Southampton
• St Leonards on Sea
• Stoke on Trent
• Wolverhampton

You haven’t completed your profile yet. To get the most out of FindAMasters, finish your profile and receive these benefits:

• Monthly chance to win one of ten £10 Amazon vouchers ; winners will be notified every month.*
• Access to our £6,000 scholarship competition
• Weekly newsletter with funding opportunities, application tips and much more
• Early access to our physical and virtual postgraduate study fairs

Or begin browsing FindAMasters.com

or begin browsing FindAMasters.com

*Offer only available for the duration of your active subscription, and subject to change. You MUST claim your prize within 72 hours, if not we will redraw.

Do you want hassle-free information and advice?

Create your FindAMasters account and sign up to our newsletter:

• Find out about funding opportunities and application tips
• Receive weekly advice, student stories and the latest Masters news
• Hear about our upcoming study fairs
• Save your favourite programmes, track enquiries and get personalised subject updates

Create your account

Looking to list your Masters programmes? Log in here .

Let us help you find a Masters

Never miss a course

Enter our ambassador competition

Get funding news, tips and advice

Hear about upcoming events

Sign up to our newsletter today

We've been helping students find the right postgraduate course for over a decade.

Login to your account

Enter your username below to login to your account.

Clearing Universities & Courses

Clearing advice.

Recommended Clearing Universities

University for the Creative Arts

London (Greater) · 87% Recommended

Solent University

South East England · 100% Recommended

University of Kent

South East England · 97% Recommended

Popular Course Categories

Take our quick degree quiz.

Find the ideal uni course for you with our Course Degree Quiz. Get answers in minutes!

Take our full degree quiz

Get more tailored course suggestions with our full Course Degree Quiz and apply with confidence.

Search by Type

Search by region.

Recommended Universities

University of Roehampton

London (Greater) · 95% Recommended

University of Suffolk

East of England · 96% Recommended

University of Surrey

South East England · 98% Recommended

Search Open Days

What's new at Uni Compare

Middlesex University

Middlesex are 5th in London for Student Satisfaction and 25th in the UK, apply today!

Get a high-quality technical degree from WLIoT and boost your career prospects!

Ranking Categories

Regional rankings.

More Rankings

Top 100 Universities

Taken from 131,500+ data points from students attending university to help future generations

About our Rankings

Discover university rankings devised from data collected from current students.

Guide Categories

Advice categories, recommended articles, popular statement examples, statement advice.

What to include in a Personal Statement

Personal Statement Tips

Personal statement example ict and computing personal statement.

Specialist computing degrees in north London.

Study specialist Computing courses at Middlesex University London in Cyber Security, Computer Science, and Information Technology. Apply now.

Passionate about technology?

Gain expertise in designing software, programming, web development, databases, AI, and more with a Bradford Computer Science degree.

ICT and Computing Personal Statement

I wish to study an IT and Computer related course as I believe both of these subjects will provide the basis for me to progress into a career with great potential.  I am a hardworking, ambitious young man who is looking forward to the many challenges that University will bring me.

I believe the use of IT are the foundations of major businesses and help them to grow and develop. With the improvements in technology businesses are always looking to strengthen their IT systems to enhance their performance and efficiency. I hope to develop my existing skills and knowledge to become a successful computer technician.

Currently I am studying Level 3 Business and IT Double Award. These are my favourite subjects because I am a huge enthusiast of IT and Business. I have learned the key components of a computer system and how each components works within the system. This knowledge would allow me to consult others and possibly support individuals or businesses to upgrade their IT operations.

Computer development has been a part of my life since an early age. During my childhood I would enjoy developing and constructing technology devices. Learning kinetically about new and advance technological equipment sparked my interest in the subject. My interest rapidly developed through my education at school, these experiences combined with my Business acumen has strengthened my desire to study these subjects at a higher level.

Presently I am learning about the history of computer technology. This was part of my assignment to acknowledge how our society has changed the way we use computers.  To reinforce my knowledge I recently attended a trip to the Centre of Life to learn the history of gaming, computers and IT systems. I was able to use and assess the quality of the computers equipment, nowadays modern day laptops have 1.9GHZ speeds and 1TB RAM  of memory compared to a 30 year old, Commodore 64 which is a  8-bit home computer with a 1.023MHz processor, 64kb RAM memory, 320×200 display output, 16 colours with a weight of 1.8kg, a basic 2.0 Commodore GEOS operating systems and an estimated of 10,000 commercial software which are specifically designed for this computer including office applications, games and development tools. This visit allowed me to gain the knowledge on how technology improves within the years and learnt me about the different parts of computer system. Attending university will offer me the opportunity to gain more experience and learn about computer information and systems.

When I was in year 11 I secured a week’s work experience at Sainsbury’s, my role was to interact with the customers, insure the shelves were frequently stocked and to help the cashiers. This experience was great as I was able to work as part of a successful team and the job allowed me to take on additional responsibilities. I learnt the importance of being reliable, trustworthy and excellent customer service. During my time there I developed my decision making and communication skills. I also realised how important their IT system was insuring the smooth running of the business. There main IT system at Sainsbury’s was the barcode scanners because each item has a unique code to clarify the right product and price that the company have listed on the till monitoring screen. This also takes into consideration stock control and informs the company of how many items the store has sold.

In my spare time I like to play seven a side football weekly at my local Sport Centre. I enjoy keeping healthy alongside the socially interaction of playing sports with my friends. We also visit the cinemas to watch the latest films. As a football fan I attend all of my favourite football team’s home games.

I am a highly motivated individual, thieve under pressure and capable to work in any circumstances, that involves in my subjects and I always give my 100% because I am determined to do well in my future career and to have a satisfied life that I deserve.

Recommended Course

Recommended Statements

Submitted by anonymous

Computer Science Personal Statement

My fascination with technology was sparked when, as a child I thought it would be a great idea to take apa...

This subject interests me because I am always using computers and have been using them from such a young a...

Innovation has always been something that I strive to achieve. We live in a world where it feels like we h...

Computers themselves, and software yet to be developed, will revolutionize the way we learn.” – Steve Jobs...

undergraduate Universities

Undergraduate uni's.

Uni of Roehampton

468 courses

Uni of Suffolk

222 courses

Uni of Surrey

740 courses

Bath Spa Uni

512 courses

Escape Studios

Uni of Leicester

436 courses

Northeastern Uni

826 courses

Goldsmiths, UOL

342 courses

Uni of Bradford

393 courses

Middlesex Uni

670 courses

Uni of Hertfordshire

598 courses

Uni of Bedfordshire

651 courses

West London IoT

ARU Writtle

Uni of Hull

500 courses

126 courses

Uni of Chester

630 courses

Cardiff Met Uni

Uni of Sunderland

332 courses

Uni of East London

570 courses

893 courses

Coventry Uni

780 courses

Uni of Winchester

258 courses

467 courses

Uni for Creative Arts

610 courses

Leeds Beckett Uni

459 courses

Staffordshire Uni

478 courses

Heriot-Watt Uni

337 courses

Uni of Westminster

515 courses

Queen's Uni

634 courses

Ravensbourne

103 courses

709 courses

Wrexham Uni

294 courses

UWE, Bristol

495 courses

Uni of Reading

692 courses

Uni of Kent

588 courses

Highlands & Islands

451 courses

Nottingham Trent

930 courses

Leeds Arts University

Uni of Huddersfield

784 courses

Uni of C.Lancashire

795 courses

Uni of Portsmouth

779 courses

Uni of Essex

1397 courses

Kingston Uni

619 courses

Uni of Brighton

521 courses

Edge Hill Uni

400 courses

Anglia Ruskin Uni

876 courses

Swansea Uni

1360 courses

FIND THE IDEAL COURSE FOR YOU

Degree Course Quiz

Find the ideal university course for you in minutes by taking our degree matchmaker quiz today.

Latest in Clearing 2024

Queen Mary, University of London

Launch a career in finance with QMUL's expert-led Finance degree. Proximity to London's financial centre offers unique opportunities for you!

Unleash your creativity at LAU with specialist resources and the freedom to experiment.

dBs Institute

Find your passion at dBs, perfectly equipped to foster your creativity!

Apply Now to study Management at QMUL, and benefit from internships with industry leaders and networking opportunities throughout your studies.

• Ask a question Ask
• go advanced Search
• Please enter a title
• Please enter a message
• Your discussion will live here... (Start typing, we will pick a forum for you) Please select a forum Change forum View more forums... View less forums... GCSEs A-levels Applications, Clearing and UCAS University Life Student Finance England Part-time and temporary employment Chat Everyday issues Friends, family and work Relationships Health News Student Surveys and Research
• post anonymously
• All study help
• Uni applications
• University and HE colleges
• University help and courses
• University student life

Postgraduate

• Careers and jobs
• Teacher training
• Finance and accountancy
• Relationships
• Sexual health
• Give feedback or report a problem
• University and university courses
• Universities and HE colleges
• Life and style
• Entertainment
• Debate and current affairs
• Careers and Jobs
• Scottish qualifications
• Foreign languages
• GCSE articles
• A-level articles
• Exam and revision articles
• What to do after GCSEs
• What to do after A-levels
• When is A-level results day 2024?
• When is GCSE results day 2024?
• Studying, revision and exam support
• Grow your Grades

Exam results articles and chat

• Exam results homepage
• A guide to GCSE and A-level grade boundaries
• Year 13 chat
• Year 12 chat
• Year 11 chat

A-level results

• Guide to A-level results day
• Get help preparing for results day
• A-level retakes and resits
• Exam reviews and remarks
• Here’s what to expect on A-level results day
• Six ways to help results day nerves
• Understanding your A-level results slip

GCSE results

• Guide to GCSE results day
• How GCSE combined science grades work
• Stressed about GCSE results day?
• Understanding your GCSE results slip

Finding a uni in Clearing

• Clearing articles and chat
• UK university contact details
• Guide to Clearing
• Seven things people get wrong about Clearing
• How to make a great Clearing call
• Finding accommodation after Clearing
• How Clearing can help you prepare for results day
• All universities
• Applying through Ucas
• Student finance
• Personal statement
• Postgraduate study
• Uni accommodation
• University life
• All uni courses
• Apprenticeships
• Arts and humanities courses
• Stem courses
• Social science courses

Universities by region

• North of England
• South of England
• Greater London
• Distance learning
• International study

University guides and articles

• All university articles
• Applying to uni articles
• Personal statements
• Personal statement examples
• University open days
• Studying law at university
• Student life at university
• Careers and jobs discussion
• Apprenticeships discussion
• Part-time and temp jobs
• Career forums by sector
• Armed forces careers
• Consultancy careers
• Finance careers
• Legal careers
• Marketing careers
• Medicine and healthcare careers
• Public sector careers
• Stem careers
• Teaching careers
• General chat
• Relationships chat
• Friends, family and colleagues
• Advice on everyday issues
• General health
• Mental health
• UK and world politics
• Educational debate

Undergraduate

• Postgraduate Master’s Loan
• Postgraduate Doctoral Loan
• Disabled Students’ Allowances
• Taking a break or withdrawing from your course

Further information

• Parents and partners
• Advanced Learner Loan

Personal Statement - Information Systems

Personal Statement:Information system

Nowadays, it is widely accepted that life long study comes to be part of our life. Life-long study is a process to transform and develop myself as both profession and knowledge. Moreover, as a child, I had a great interest both in computer and business and therefore I had already decided to make a career both in computer and business. Hence, receiving tertiary education is one of the important milestones in my life. It is because I hope through attending to the university and majoring in the information system to more deeply to understand and study the principle and theories, and thereby prepare and optimize my future career.

In 21st century, almost all companies, governments, originations and even domestics are also computerization. With development of the technology, information system is playing more important role in the enterprises. Many companies use the information system to making the decision (Executive Information System and Management Information System), recording and processing the transaction (Data Processing System) and so forth. Moreover, a comprehensive and superior information system will make the company more competitive, efficiency and profitable, especially in the knowledge-based and globalization economy. As consider the optimum development and future in the computer industry and my interest, therefore, I make me passion to study the information system and enter into this industry.

However, developments of companies in Hong Kong are constrained by many inherited operation problems. These problem including lack of long term strategy and vision and therefore not willing to investment to the information system; neglect important of the information system; lack of management concepts and so forth. These factors are also prohibiting them to utilize the merit of talent and technique of Hong Kong. Therefore, I hope enter into computer industry and utilize my knowledge and skill to make a contribution of development of the computer industry.

I am currently studying the higher diploma and majoring in business studies (accounting and finance steam). During this time, I am taking the business finance, business law, corporation law, finance accounting, Information system, management information system, cost of management accounting, marketing and so forth with outstanding result, I believe these courses will strengthen my foundation in information system and business discipline. Moreover, through a series of group projects and assignments, it not only develops research, communication, leadership, presentation skills, but also leaned how to cooperate with different peoples and handle the conflict with my group members. I believe these experiences are facilitating to adopt the university’s life and study. In addition, outside my study, I also actively attend different activities in order to comprehensive development. In recent, I attended the Business Internship Program which is held by Prudential Assurance Co. Ltd. During this program, besides famous peoples sharing their opinions and experiences, I also cooperate with the different university student to complete the group project which is about poverty elderly. I believe these experiences are facilitating to adopt the university’s life and study.

In my mind, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) is a superior university and encourage research and innovation. Therefore, I believe that it not only will provide professional training, but also provide insight and change my perspectives and views in different areas and fields as well as what education I want. Therefore, I desire to complete my degree course in HKUST.

I assure you that if you given me the opportunity, I will prove myself a capable and dedicated student. I know that I have the right amount of interest in logistic as a subject and the potential for success in order to achieve what I want. Finally, I believe that I have the commitment and the determination to complete this course successfully and fulfill my ambition.

• Share this story :
• Share on Facebook
• Share on Twitter
• Share on Google+
• Share on Pinterest
• Latest Latest
• Trending Trending
• create my feed
• Edit my feed
• 0 new posts
• Started by: sdfj
• Forum: Forum games
• Replies: 7518
• Last post: 1 minute ago
• Started by: agent_duck343
• Replies: 490
• Started by: supercoolgril
• Forum: A-levels
• Started by: Talkative Toad
• Forum: Sport
• Replies: 2102
• Last post: 5 minutes ago
• Started by: ABBAForever2015
• Forum: Travel
• Last post: 7 minutes ago
• Started by: Berrybloom
• Last post: 8 minutes ago
• Started by: Saracen's Fez
• Forum: UK and World Politics
• Replies: 110
• Last post: 13 minutes ago
• Started by: Anonymous
• Forum: University of Bristol
• Last post: 16 minutes ago
• Started by: Maddie_bell
• Forum: University of Manchester
• Last post: 18 minutes ago
• Started by: hyuna1009jang
• Forum: History study help
• Last post: 21 minutes ago
• Started by: TWaynefromthe9
• Forum: Engineering
• Replies: 28
• Started by: appealhelp
• Forum: University life
• Last post: 25 minutes ago
• Last post: 28 minutes ago
• Replies: 8884
• Started by: edda
• Forum: University of the Arts London
• Last post: 34 minutes ago
• Started by: Beri!
• Replies: 13
• Started by: markhed21
• Last post: 35 minutes ago
• Started by: jake102:)
• Forum: Learning to drive
• Last post: 39 minutes ago
• Started by: Taran52
• Forum: History courses
• Last post: 46 minutes ago
• Started by: brandonsadler
• Forum: Medicine
• Last post: 53 minutes ago
• Started by: Sandtrooper
• Forum: Cambridge Postgraduate
• Replies: 8101
• Last post: 1 hour ago
• Forum: University College London
• Replies: 82
• Last post: 4 hours ago
• Started by: KA_P
• Replies: 52
• Started by: Lazlay
• Forum: Civil service, public sector and public services
• Replies: 542
• Forum: Oxford Postgraduate
• Replies: 4597
• Last post: 5 hours ago
• Started by: Scotland Yard
• Replies: 131
• Last post: 7 hours ago
• Started by: Miss.fcxxx
• Replies: 160
• Last post: 8 hours ago
• Started by: jambarnzi
• Replies: 61
• Started by: MOZSH
• Forum: Medical Schools
• Replies: 459
• Last post: 12 hours ago
• Started by: asdfjkmel
• Forum: Graduate Schemes
• Replies: 2648
• Last post: 15 hours ago
• Started by: Oatmilklattepls
• Forum: Performing arts and music
• Replies: 2878
• Started by: Fiyero
• Last post: 1 day ago
• Started by: finleybevan
• Forum: Apprenticeships and alternatives to university
• Replies: 382
• Started by: miss_nia
• Replies: 80
• Started by: aishaslm
• Forum: Legal careers and training
• Started by: Lc627183
• Replies: 192
• Last post: 2 days ago
• Started by: mjpd2019
• Last post: 3 days ago
• Started by: ———————-
• Replies: 503
• Last post: 6 days ago
• Started by: reubenn05
• Replies: 951
• Last post: 1 week ago
• Forum: Physics Exams
• Replies: 897
• Basic life skills (eg cooking)
• Financial skills (eg taxes, budgeting)
• First aid skills
• Personal safety skills
• Sign language
• Expanded sexual health
• Something else (tell us in the thread)

The Student Room and The Uni Guide are both part of The Student Room Group.

• Main topics
• GCSE and A-level
• Exam results
• Life and relationships

Get Started

• Today's posts
• Unanswered posts
• Community guidelines
• TSR help centre
• Cookies & online safety
• Terms & conditions
• Privacy notice

Connect with TSR

© Copyright The Student Room 2023 all rights reserved

The Student Room and The Uni Guide are trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd.

Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. 806 8067 22 Registered Office: Imperial House, 2nd Floor, 40-42 Queens Road, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 3XB

• Penn Engineering Online Degrees
• Penn Engineering Online Dual Dual Degree
• Online Graduate Certificates
• Take a Course
• On-Demand Learning

Application Instructions: Writing a Strong Personal Statement

——— this content was revised june, 2024 ———————————.

As part of your admissions application to a Penn Engineering Online degree program, you’ll need to write a personal statement—an essay designed to help us get to know the real person behind your grades and test scores. A strong personal statement can tip the scales in your favor, so we encourage you to give it your best effort.

What is the personal statement?

The personal statement is a 1,000-1,500 word essay that answers the following questions for your selected program. We encourage you to include detailed, specific examples from your academic, research or industry work if possible.

• What makes you interested in this degree program?
• How will you benefit from the program?
• Why will you succeed in the program?
• How will you contribute to the community?
• How do you plan to incorporate an average of 15 hours per week per course of studies into your lifestyle?
• Please describe your career goals and how the curriculum will help to achieve them.
• For MCIT Online applicants only : Given that the program is designed for people without a CS background, if you feel that your resume could be perceived as overqualified, please explain why MCIT Online is right for you.

Reapplicants:

If you have already applied to a Penn Engineering Online degree program in the past, please address this additional required question in your personal statement essay (250 words): 

• Please discuss any updates to your candidacy since you last applied (e.g., changes in your professional life, additional coursework, extracurricular/volunteer engagements). If after reading our online materials you think your application may have been perceived as overqualified, please explain why this program is right for you.

How can I make my personal statement stand out?

Write authentically, from the heart. Express your passion for computer science and explain why you are a good fit for the program. We won’t have the opportunity to interview you, so the personal statement is your chance to showcase your strengths and explain discrepancies.

• Address potential weaknesses in your application. Are there gaps or inconsistent grades in your academic history, particularly in quantitative ability ? Use the personal statement to provide context—and to give examples of how you will do better. It’s also an opportunity to explain why you’re a good fit for the program even if you appear to be overqualified.
• Read the questions carefully. A personal statement that doesn’t fully address the questions could hurt your chances of admittance.
• Explain how you will manage your time during the program. Each course requires a commitment of about 15-18 hours a week . How will you juggle that with your other commitments, especially if you are currently enrolled in another degree program?
• Share your accomplishments. Have you done any online learning or taken additional coursework to prepare for the program?  The personal statement is an opportunity to highlight those achievements.
• Get a second opinion. Once you’ve written a draft, ask someone who knows you well to read it. An extra set of eyes is essential to help you avoid typos and make a clear and compelling case for your candidacy.

Get more tips on letters of recommendation by watching our Application Guide or by browsing our collection of recent Admissions Webinar Recordings . You can find additional support by exploring our comprehensive FAQs . You can also contact us at any time to connect directly with our team for support as you work on assembling your application — we’d love to hear from you!

• What is an Affinity Community?
• International Students
• Students of Color
• Veteran Students
• NCAA Student Athletes
• Students with Neurodiversity & Dis/ability
• Adult Students
• First Generation Students
• Prospective Students
• Undergraduate Students
• Graduate Students
• What is a Career Community?
• Exploration & Discovery
• Education, Cultures & Human Services
• Multimedia, Marketing, Communication & Creative Arts
• Policy, Law & Public Service
• Management, Consulting, Sales & Finance
• Life & Physical Sciences
• Environment & Sustainability
• Engineering
• Computing, Information & Analytics
• Exploring Careers
• Exploring Graduate School
• Internships
• Interview Prep
• Research, Volunteering, & Fellowships
• Resume Prep
• Skill Development
• Contact + Team
• Career Resources

Personal Statement: Top 10 Rules and Pitfalls

• Share This: Share Personal Statement: Top 10 Rules and Pitfalls on Facebook Share Personal Statement: Top 10 Rules and Pitfalls on LinkedIn Share Personal Statement: Top 10 Rules and Pitfalls on X

From Top 10 Rules and Pitfalls // Purdue Writing Lab

Writing the personal statement: top 10 rules.

• Strive for depth rather than breadth. Narrow focus to one or two key themes, ideas or experiences
• Try to tell the reader something that no other applicant will be able to say
• Provide the reader with insight into what drives you
• Be yourself, not the ‘ideal’ applicant
• Get creative and imaginative in the opening remarks, but make sure it’s something that no one else could write
• Address the school’s unique features that interest you
• Focus on the affirmative in the personal statement; consider an addendum to explain deficiencies or blemishes
• Evaluate experiences, rather than describe them
• Proofread carefully for grammar, syntax, punctuation, word usage, and style
• Use readable fonts, typeface, and conventional spacing and margins

WRITING THE PERSONAL STATEMENT: TOP 10 PITFALLS

• Do not submit an expository resume; avoid repeating information found elsewhere on the application
• Do not use the same personal statement for each application. Generic statements are often obvious
• Do not preach to your reader. You can express opinions, but do not come across as fanatical or extreme
• Do not talk about money as a motivator
• Do not discuss systemic and social injustices simply as complaints, but as a relevant source of motivation for your overall goals and intended studies
• Do not remind the school of its rankings or tell them how good they are
• “Allow me to introduce myself. My name is…”
• “This question asks me to discuss…”
• “I would like to thank the admissions committee for considering my application.”
• “It is my sincere hope that you will grant me the opportunity to attend your fine school.”
• “In sum, there are three reasons why you should admit me…”
• Do not use unconventional and gimmicky formats and packages
• Do not submit supplemental materials unless they are requested
• Do not get the name of the school wrong
• Do not incorporate technical language or very uncommon words

Stewart, Mark Alan. Perfect Personal Statements. New York: Simon & Schuster Macmillan, 1996.

Management Information Systems personal statement

• Reading time: 4 minutes
• Price: Free download
• Published: 22nd September 2019
• Word count: 1000 words
• File format: Text

Degree Objective: Ph.D. in Management Information Systems

It has been my childhood dream and a long-term academic goal to teach and publish research. Having majored in accounting in my undergraduate and graduate studies. I would now like to obtain a doctorate degree in Management Information Systems. I became interested in Information Technology several years ago when I served as both a project accountant and IT Manager at a design company and later as a business analyst for another firm. In my undergraduate study, I had the opportunity to be exposed to a range of business, statistics and information systems courses which reinforced my interest in accounting and information systems. In addition, I am a Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA) and have taken graduate courses in financial statement analysis, data analytics, taxation of business entities, etc. which were enjoyable and enlightening providing me with a different view on the world in which we live. My undergraduate and master’s degree coursework involved a combination of accounting, statistics and Data Analytics courses. For the research requirement of my masters degree, I concentrated on the potential impact of blockchain technology for CPA’S and other practitioners.

My academic and professional goal is to conduct a world class research in Management Information Systems and publish in tier one journals drawing from influences of my academic studies. In terms of a career, I see myself teaching and publishing in finance My long-term career objective is to teach, conduct research and produce research publications that would add value and contribute to my field of specialisation. Completing a doctorate degree will bring a deep sense of accomplishment. It will give me the priceless opportunity to be challenged, motivated and learn. Although my career experience has provided me with an invaluable opportunity to further my knowledge in business analysis, project accounting and management, a doctoral program will allow me to continue with my quest for knowledge and provide me with an environment where I can conduct research.

Doctoral studies would be valuable to me in several ways. With an impressive faculty and a strong academic reputation, I believe my academic goals align with the Georgia State University (GSU) graduate program to which I am applying. Your doctoral program would allow me to think innovatively, use cutting edge research in Information Systems and establish myself as a leading researcher in information systems. I have no doubt that your school would contribute tremendously towards the achievement of my long-term goal. I am most impressed with gsu’s strength in business and computer science which had allowed it to develop expertise in business process and innovation. In addition, the school would provide me with the opportunity to work closely, share experiences, and exchange ideas with my professors and peers. The teaching assistant ship program would provide me with the practical teaching experience I am eager to acquire. Further, earning a Ph.D. in MIS would advance my other career goals by adding to my skills. I see the Ph.D. as an end in itself, as well as a professional stepping stone; I enjoy studying finance and would like to continue my studies on the level demanded by the Ph.D. program.

Throughout the course of my doctoral studies, I hope to examine the conflict between the traditional role of IT project management and innovation. Completing projects on time, within budget, and within scope has become a huge challenge for many organisations. Nearly half of businesses are experiencing project failure in a given year. I am interested in looking at the phases and processes in project management from the perspectives of people, process & tool focusing my research on project manager leadership, team work, team member competencies, project team effectiveness, including how to effectively initiate, plan, execute, control, and complete projects as well as examine new tools that are available to IT project managers, Through the Ph.D. program, I hope to find answers to the question of how to find the right strategy that allows for oversight without stifling creativity and how can businesses re-imagine IT project management to suit their unique needs. I plan to work further on best practices for managing large Information Technology projects using emerging technologies and prepare a paper suitable for publication in my studies toward the doctoral degree, I hope to examine more closely the relationship between people, processes and tools in project management and consider role of each of them..

I believe I can make a great contribution to Management Information Systems using my background and experience in project accounting and business analysis. My capabilities and motivation to do independent research at the doctoral level is enhanced by my strong knowledge of Information Technology and Business Administration, strong analytical ability, a passion for analyzing problems rigorously and solving them ingenuously, and an excellent writing and presentation skills. I am highly motivated and driven with a capacity to make significant contribution to society. As a professor, I would impact knowledge, encourage innovation, inspire students, and bring out their hidden talents.

There is still much to be explored and studied in information systems academia, and I believe that Georgia State University doctoral program would provide me with the knowledge necessary to understand and apply information systems theories which I could in turn bring to my teaching and research career. I am committed and determined to succeed at the Ph.D. program, and I am confident that I will be able to contribute to the university community in my area of interest. I know GSU to be a very reputable school and my discussions with some of your graduates have deepen my interest in attending the school. With an excellent faculty and staff, your school is among the best in Canada and I am looking forward to an opportunity to receive a world-class research training that would prepare me to make significant contributions to the field of management information systems. I hope you will grant me the honor to continue my studies at your institution.

Related personal statements:

• Web Design & Development BSc (Hons) Personal Statement Example
• Games Design and Development BSc (Hons) Personal Statement
• Cyber Security BSc (Hons) Personal Statement
• Computer Science Personal Statement (8)
• Computer Science Personal Statement Example (7)
• Computer Science Masters Personal Statement Example
• Computer Science MS Degree Personal Statement Example
• Computer Science personal statement example (6)
• Computer Science Personal Statement Example (5)
• Managing Information Technology Masters Degree personal statement

Review this personal statement:

Latest reviews:.

There are no reviews yet. Be the first one to write one.

Leave a comment Cancel reply

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Privacy Overview

• SUGGESTED TOPICS
• The Magazine
• Newsletters
• Managing Yourself
• Managing Teams
• Work-life Balance
• The Big Idea
• Data & Visuals
• Reading Lists
• Case Selections
• HBR Learning
• Topic Feeds
• Account Settings
• Email Preferences

How to Write a Strong Personal Statement

• Ruth Gotian
• Ushma S. Neill

A few adjustments can get your application noticed.

Whether applying for a summer internship, a professional development opportunity, such as a Fulbright, an executive MBA program, or a senior leadership development course, a personal statement threads the ideas of your CV, and is longer and has a different tone and purpose than a traditional cover letter. A few adjustments to your personal statement can get your application noticed by the reviewer.

• Make sure you’re writing what they want to hear. Most organizations that offer a fellowship or internship are using the experience as a pipeline: It’s smart to spend 10 weeks and $15,000 on someone before committing five years and $300,000. Rarely are the organizations being charitable or altruistic, so align your stated goals with theirs
• Know when to bury the lead, and when to get to the point. It’s hard to paint a picture and explain your motivations in 200 words, but if you have two pages, give the reader a story arc or ease into your point by setting the scene.
• Recognize that the reviewer will be reading your statement subjectively, meaning you’re being assessed on unknowable criteria. Most people on evaluation committees are reading for whether or not you’re interesting. Stated differently, do they want to go out to dinner with you to hear more? Write it so that the person reading it wants to hear more.
• Address the elephant in the room (if there is one). Maybe your grades weren’t great in core courses, or perhaps you’ve never worked in the field you’re applying to. Make sure to address the deficiency rather than hoping the reader ignores it because they won’t. A few sentences suffice. Deficiencies do not need to be the cornerstone of the application.

At multiple points in your life, you will need to take action to transition from where you are to where you want to be. This process is layered and time-consuming, and getting yourself to stand out among the masses is an arduous but not impossible task. Having a polished resume that explains what you’ve done is the common first step. But, when an application asks for it, a personal statement can add color and depth to your list of accomplishments. It moves you from a one-dimensional indistinguishable candidate to someone with drive, interest, and nuance.

• Ruth Gotian is the chief learning officer and associate professor of education in anesthesiology at Weill Cornell Medicine in New York City, and the author of The Success Factor and Financial Times Guide to Mentoring . She was named the #1 emerging management thinker by Thinkers50. You can access her free list of conversation starters and test your mentoring impact . RuthGotian
• Ushma S. Neill is the Vice President, Scientific Education & Training at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York City. She runs several summer internships and is involved with the NYC Marshall Scholar Selection Committee. ushmaneill

Partner Center

• Sample SOP for MIS (Masters in Information System)

Introduction

The study of people, relationships, organisations, and the interactions among them is known as management information system (MIS). The job of an MIS specialist is to gather data from many websites online, evaluate it, and provide reports that can assist corporate management in making decisions. One of the most well-liked study abroad programmes for foreign students, the function of MIS is crucial in the current era of globalization. The latest information on a variety of organisational assets, including project timetables, finances, marketing, real estate, raw materials, etc., is provided by MIS personnel. Business businesses must contend with other firms in order to succeed as an enterprise. A student's personality and goals are displayed in their SOP for MIS to the admissions committee of foreign colleges. In these situations, senior executives of businesses must act quickly to seize chances or risk losing lucrative transactions. As a result, effective decision-making is only feasible if a business has an MIS specialist who gives thoroughly studied information in the form of tailored reports. Important data is secured from many sources, analyzed, and provided to officials who require it most by an MIS specialist. The expectations of a person, a group of individuals, managers, and senior administrators are anticipated to be met by the MIS system.

Several students currently pursue a Masters of Science (MS) in MIS from abroad due to the recent rise in demand for MIS specialists in the business sector for that they need to write a perfect SOP for MIS. They can ascend the success ladder and become a project manager or chief information officer with a Master in MIS degree. Students who wish to pursue an MS in Management Information Systems from an international university must prepare a sample statement of purpose (SOP for MIS), which is an essential step in the application process.  It provides the admissions committee with information on their goals and outlook on the future. What your post-study intentions are, why you chose the particular subject, and how you might benefit a prominent university are all topics covered in a SOP for MIS course. The SOP for MIS is almost the same as of SOP for Masters in Computer Science if they were to compare.

SOP for MIS: What is MIS (Management Information System) ?

The emphasis of MIS, or management information systems, is distinct from that of MBA . Here, we've examined management information systems in general and the master's degree in management information systems in particular. It is also critical to note that, in contrast to MBA , MIS is not a general subject and that language varies from institution to university. The majority of MIS master's programmes last two years, however this might vary from institution to university. 

Students must hold a graduate-level or occasionally even postgraduate degree in information technology in order to enroll in the MIS programme. The A-list universities that provide the degree frequently demand that you have 2–3 years of post-graduation experience and up to 5 years of job experience if you are a graduate. Because the course focuses more on information systems than general education, it also needs a language course and a GMAT score. Some institutions merely need passing a language exam to be eligible, but if you were searching for top MIS schools, the GRE would be a clear yes. After finishing the programme, earning a MIS degree from a university overseas gives you the possibility to get a better career.

Popular Specializations of MIS

• Business Analysis
• IT Consultancy
• Database Administration
• Systems Development
• Database Analysis
• Network Administration

How to Write an SOP for MIS?

You may better comprehend the structure of an SOP for MIS by doing the steps listed below:

• Introduction: You have the chance to catch the admissions committee's attention in the introduction. Instead of introducing yourself, you must explain why you want to pursue an MS in information systems. Make sure these arguments are strong. In contrast to other conventional engineering professions, MIS is capable of tackling today's organisational and technical issues, for example, whereas other engineering fields fall short in this regard. You chose to pursue an MA in MIS because of the subject's practical application.
• Academic and professional successes and difficulties. You must show the pertinent abilities and information you have already attained. Also, you need to list the abilities you hope to gain during your master's programme.
• Further accomplishments.
• Both short- and long-term objectives. Please note that your goals must logically relate to your educational background, MIS course, and desired professional path.
• The justifications for picking this specific university. Your academic research will be helpful in this situation. Make inquiries about the vision and mission statements, the MIS programme, the faculty, the ongoing research initiatives, etc.
• Conclusion:  Your conclusion must persuade the admissions panel that you are a great match for the course of study and that you would benefit the university.

Tips for SOP for MIS

Here are some tips for writing a strong Statement of Purpose (SOP for MIS) :

• Start with a clear and concise introduction: Begin your SOP by introducing yourself and your interest in MIS. Be sure to explain why you want to pursue this degree and what motivates you to apply for it.
• Highlight your relevant background and experience: Emphasize your academic and professional background, particularly if it is relevant to MIS. Explain how your background has prepared you for this degree and how it will help you succeed in the program.
• Show your passion and interest: Demonstrate your passion and interest for the field of MIS by discussing any relevant projects, research, or coursework you have completed. Also, share how MIS aligns with your career goals and how you plan to use your degree.
• Research the program and the school: Research the program and the school to show that you have a good understanding of what the program entails and how it aligns with your goals. Also, highlight any specific aspects of the program or school that appeal to you.
• Be clear and concise: Use clear and concise language to express your ideas. Avoid using jargon or overly technical terms that may be unfamiliar to the reader.
• Proofread and edit: Finally, be sure to proofread and edit your SOP carefully. This will help ensure that your ideas are clear and well-articulated, and that there are no grammatical or spelling errors.

Top Universities for MIS & their SOP Expectations

Your SOP for MIS need to be enjoyable to read. Hence, even though your MIS SOP has a personal component, make it succinct and to the point. Keep your word count between 1000 and 1500. If you're curious about what top institutions are looking for in your SOP, have a peek below:

Harvard SOP for MIS Format

Follow these guidelines from Harvard to write for an SOP for MIS

• An original piece of writing
• Should be typed and double spaced
• No more than 1,500 words
• Experiences that contributed to your commitment towards education
• Significant accomplishments and failures
• Your plans after graduation.

Arden University

In order to construct a SOP for MIS, adhere to following recommendations from Arden University , Berlin. Other German universities might use the same format as well.

• 500–1000 words concentrating on what made you want to go to Germany for further studies.
• Only those applying for admission to postgraduate degree programmes must submit the SOP.
• In Germany, SOP for MIS must be submitted through uni-assist rather than to specific universities.
• Should place more emphasis on academic qualifications than extracurricular achievements.

SOP for MIS For Oxford University

If you are applying for MIS at Oxford University , follow this:

• Reasons for applying
• Evidence of motivation for the proposed area of study
• Commitment to the subject, beyond the requirements of the degree course
• Capacity for sustained work
• Reasoning ability
• Ability to absorb new ideas.
• Your SOP for Undergrad should focus on why you think this course is the right one for you.
• 1000-1200 words

Writing a SOP for MIS is easier than it might seem. To convince the committee that you are the finest candidate for the position, all you need to do is concentrate on your aims and objectives and provide pertinent information. The information technology statement of purpose sample offered here should be able to assist you. More SOP samples can always be found to meet your specific needs.

SOP for MIS (Sample)

The subject of management information systems is quickly developing. Predictive data mining is a contemporary idea that has developed from the manual methods like customer databases and catalogues that were used years ago. I've become attracted by MIS as a result of the rapid changes in the field of information management. I feel prepared to advance in the MIS profession after working with SAP-ABAP for more than two years and learning in-depth about its significance and business applications. I want to enroll in your prestigious university's graduate management information systems programme so that I can stay up with the rate of this industry's innovations and get ready for its rigorous criteria.

I chose Mathematics, Physics, and Chemistry as my primary subjects in high school as a result of my strong interest in logically oriented disciplines. As part of my physics assignment in grade XII, I built logic gates and straightforward latches utilizing fundamental circuit components. The potential of the electrical and electronics stream has me excited after working on this project. I then finished first in my class in Grade XII with a cumulative score of 90%.

I was intrigued by the variety of the subject of electronics and instrumentation engineering when I was a student at Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, throughout my undergraduate career. I learned about the components of system implementation during my Bachelor's programme in classes like Network Analysis, Signals and Systems, Microprocessors and Microcontroller, VLSI Technology, and Design and Process Control. On the other side, I was able to better comprehend how theoretical principles are used in real-world situations through the study of subjects like Data Structure, Operating Systems, C, C, JAVA, Data Communication, and Computer Networks.

As part of my studies, I also picked up programming for embedded systems. This further inspired me to use the idea in my major project, "Voice Recognition Robotic Vehicle Based on Voice Recognition Algorithm," because it was so fascinating. The project made use of parts such an Android phone running version 2.2 or above, Bluetooth, an AVR, a battery, a motor driver, and an LCD for output. The terminal programme was used to setup the Bluetooth module AUBTM-20. Using the CELLBOTS software, the Android phone sent a signal to the Bluetooth module. The signal was received and sent to a microcontroller that directed the robotic car's drive by connecting to a 1293D whose output was then connected to rpm-dependent BO motors that would display the desired outcome on an alphanumeric LCD. I received training in Rail Net, Networking Hub, Server, Switch, and Electronic Exchange Working at Western Railways Ratlam Division to enhance the knowledge I gained from the project. Also, I received instruction in C, C, JAVA, MATLAB, VLSI, PLC, and embedded systems.

I started working for Tata Consultancy Services Ltd after finishing my undergrad degree. I was one of the top 10 students who got to pick their chosen learning technology during my ILP (Initial Learning Process) here. Afterwards, I picked up knowledge of JAVA, testing, SQL, and DBMS. Afterwards, British Gas (a renowned oil and gas business) chose me for training in SAP-ABAP based on my JAVA programming abilities. I have two years of experience working with SAP-ABAP and have worked on a variety of projects, including reports such as traditional, interactive, and object-oriented reports, dialogue interfaces such as BDC, BAPI, and IDOC, data dictionaries, smart forms, module pools, and enhancements such as User Exits and BADI, SAP performance tuning, and troubleshooting. Also, I've worked on a few intricate things like Contract Copy, a tool for updating line item net prices and adding new line items. I've worked with the Material Management Module (MMM) in addition to SAP-ABAP, and both our functional bodies and clients have given me praise for it.

I feel that the timing is right to pursue graduate education in the area of my interest now that I have the fundamental aptitude, skills, knowledge, and job experience in the field of information systems. I also firmly believe that your programme is a fantastic fit for my aptitude and goals. I'm persuaded after looking over your university's website that enrolling in this programme is the best choice for both my academic and professional careers. I have made the decision to enroll for a Master's degree in Management in Information Systems after looking at the courses the Department of Computing Information Systems at your university offers.

My objective is to earn a Master's degree and then work in a field linked to information technology because my personal and professional interests overlap. After I have accumulated sufficient knowledge and abilities, I intend to start my own consulting business. By enrolling in a Master of Science in Management Information Systems degree, I will be able to establish a niche for myself in the field and expand my knowledge base and point of view. Thus, I humbly ask that the distinguished Admission Committee review my application favorably and give me a chance to succeed in the career I've always wanted.

A standard operating procedure (SOP for MIS) Management Information System is a set of guidelines and instructions that detail the steps to be followed in performing various MIS-related tasks. It helps to ensure consistency, accuracy, and efficiency in MIS-related activities, reduce errors, improve productivity, and enhance decision-making. An effective SOP for MIS should be clear, concise, and comprehensive, outlining the roles and responsibilities of each stakeholder, the procedures for data collection and analysis, and the methods for reporting and communication. It should also be reviewed and updated regularly to ensure its relevance and effectiveness. The SOP for MBA can also be taken into account if someone want to get a reference.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

How to write a good SOP for MS in MIS?

A good SOP for MS in MIS should reflect your motivation and passion for pursuing the subject. Apart from covering all aspects of your academic and relevant extracurricular background, it should be convincing enough to show the admission officer that you really interested in studying the subject. Follow the writing guide provided at the beginning of the article to get more information on how to write a good SOP for MS in MIS.

What is the best way to describe my UG in mechanical engineering for SOP to take an MIS in the US?

Focus on the positive things that you learnt from your UG course – it can be academic and technical knowledge or personality traits that you gained- and explain how you think your skills can make you capable of contributing to the institute’s future.

• Profile Evaluation
• Application Assistance
• Find a Service
• Privacy Policy
• Cookie Policy
• Terms & Conditions

How to Write a Statement of Purpose Management Information Systems

Quality Is the Major Tenet of Our Philosophy!

Forgetting about quality is the right way to nonsuccess.

Appreciate a 100% unplagiarized text composed based on your specific case. Receive a brilliant document that is capable of winning the selection officers’ attention from the very first sentence and making them flabbergasted for the next 24 hours!

Do not forget that confidential communication with your writer is always accessible to you. Maintain contact with them to elucidate anything, talk about the stage of work on the document, and so on and so forth.

Get a doc that is written in accordance with all of the application standards. Do not doubt that we will guarantee precise conformity with the committee’s demands regarding critical things like the structure of the document and its content.

Feel like your final doc needs some revision? Received the completed order from the author and really would like to do away with some drawbacks of it? Well, you still have 14 days after the deadline is over!

Every single text is thoroughly analyzed by our meticulous specialists for it to meet the selection requirements of the desired course. Plus, we will also concentrate on your major and underline your most pertinent traits!

Demand your money back within 14 days after the deadline. You’ve had enough of undependable platforms! Don’t be frightened to use our service! Thanks to us, you can finally eliminate the fear of being conned.

• Letter of Recommendation

Application Resume/CV

• Waiver Request Letter
• Statement of Purpose

Personal Statement

• Admission Essay

Now, the grueling process of preparing an application package is our duty.

Meet Our Well-Liked Authors

Pin all of your hopes on our erudite and extremely proficient authors specializing in each academic area. Fear not because each writer that wishes to become part of our squad needs to cope with a tough contest to get employed.

Aside from being a skillful writer, Melinda can only feel fulfilled when working with computer/information science, website design, drafting, statistics, and some other math-related areas, though the list mentioned above is far from full. When Melinda is your author, you can be sure that your personal essay will be prepared superlatively!

Kasey’s range of specializations is just enormous. Fields such as court reporting, anthropology, history, and clinical counseling are just an introduction to what she is a real expert in. Kasey’s typing speed, breathtaking transitions, accurate comparisons, and popularity among clients prove that she’s an ideal author.

Angelina, our highly esteemed author, will cope with mechanical drafting, electrical/electronic engineering, industrial production, and a bunch of other fields somehow dealing with this specialization. Clients say she is a very energetic, inquisitive, detail-oriented, and intelligent person. All the experts in our squad respect Angelina for her dependability. She always does what she has pledged!

Even though Toby, with his doctorate, can easily write and publish scientific works, he decided to step upon a different path. Toby’s chief life goal is to assist others in getting their university diplomas. Educational administration, career & business education, and coaching are the major but not all the fields that Toby will gladly handle, crafting striking personal essays.

Seek help with digital communications, multimedia, animation, or other areas within this specialization? Murphy is the person whose help you need now! He effectively copes with the tightest deadlines. Murphy does not just deliver documents on time, often submitting documents earlier! Moreover, Murphy will eagerly make emendations or add extra significant data to your essay in a flash.

Health administration and assisting in all health-related areas are the specialties Neal will handle with ease. By ordering this professional’s assistance, you will be able to get rid of all the hesitations and stress regarding the quality of your personal statement. Why? Because the competency of this author is exceptional!

Paul will masterfully compose exemplary personal essays in areas such as insurance & risk management, HR development, and lots of other business fields. This peerless expert can effectively advertise any applicant’s strong suits to the selection officers from the educational institution they wish to enter most.

The fields Libbie is competent in include ecology, astronomy, and earth & atmospheric sciences. Based on tons of feedback, collaboration with Libbie is nothing but enjoyment. She’ll pay close attention to each remark and any additional material. Not a bit of valuable data will be missing!

Computer, mechanical, nuclear, and some other types of engineering specializations are Koby’s calling. This expert can hardly even exist without performing work relating to engineering. No one in our squad has such a deep passion for what they are doing. Koby will treasure your personal statement in the way he would treat his one if his chances of entry to the university were on the line, guaranteed!

Vanesa is a virtuoso when it comes to academic fields dealing with health sciences and technologies. Assign a task to her, attach all of the requirements that you want to be fulfilled, add some files if necessary, and wait until a sterling personal statement is delivered to you. You can be sure that the job will be done as per the agreed deadline or even beforehand, and your expectations will be surpassed!

Personal Statement looks awesome! Thank you so much.

Thank you for the paper, it is above expectation. Kindly express my gratitude to the writer and I do look forward to working with him in the future.

I’m sure I’m not the first client with such a review. Constance was superb. Her insight into how best to communicate the information was more than I expected. Of course, her writing skills are top notch as well. Your company has a unique talent on staff and clients have access to a professional that they otherwise would not. P.S. your web site could be better Thank you.

Thanks to you and the writer for the paper. It is really impressive, well thought out and really well written. Many thanks to you and the writer.

I am very happy with what you have done and I pleased with everything in this paper! Thank you for making me sound great on paper and sorry I was such a headache! If this is my final draft, I just want you to know that I am more than happy with it!! Mery Christmas and remain blessed! If there is anyway I can send a review for your work, please sent me a link cus you deserve 5 stars!

I showed my other medical school friends and they said 'Where did you find this guy?!'

I always appreciate the good work of the writers and the writer met my expectations. Thank you.

Thank you so much! I really appreciate it! The summary looks great! Thanks again for all the help.

How We Operate

This procedure is not about challenges at all. Simply fill out a form to get us acquainted with your instructions and click on the payment button! If you want to receive a maximally customized personal essay, you need to provide us with particular data regarding your application, such as your accomplishments, the course you have picked, and the admission committee’s formatting rules.

When the payment process is finished, your author will immediately get down to crafting your personal essay. Set your mind at rest because each and every transaction is highly secured. Moreover, each client gets a transaction confirmation letter by email.

Once we get notified about a client’s successful transaction, they will instantly be sent Customer Area sign-in information. A customer’s password can be modified for a more comfortable website experience. The chief feature your customer area can offer is an anonymous chat with the assigned author and support agent. Furthermore, you can use your Customer Area to save completed admission docs, request revisions, or order any other essays.

You will be informed about all the updates by email. Besides, customers can order SMS notifications to track the order execution nonstop. When your document is ready, the Quality Department will make sure it follows all the requirements. Then a client will be able to download the final copy with the help of the Customer Area. Your personal statement will be ready on time! If there is a necessity to modify something in your essay, reach out to us within 14 days. Our editors will do it in a flash.

Select the most comfortable option of being notified about your current document status!

Get in touch with the expert, download essays, and request new documents effortlessly.

Turn to our support managers whenever you have any issues dealing with your application doc!

Steps to Follow on How to Write a Statement of Purpose Management Information Systems

Each type of personal statement you will be required to write whether in the information systems discipline or in any other discipline will require you to understand all about the writing process. You must understand the fundamentals of a statement of purpose and why they are a must when submitting admission applications for you to fully comprehend the points you are expected to address in your statement. If this will be the first time you will be writing a statement of purpose, there are certain important points you will need to address if you are to stand a chance of submitting a statement of purpose capable of convincing those awarding the admission opportunities. If you have no idea on what the points you need to address are, you are lucky since that is exactly what will be addressed here below. So if need  personal statement help to understand how to write a statement of purpose management information systems, you should follow this post to the very end.

What Your Statement of Purpose Should Include

“Management information systems” is one of the most demanding professional degrees all over the globe. Due to high worth of degree, everyone wants to get admission in Management information systems. Today, there is a great competition among the applicant to win the MIS seat in the desired institute. This is the statement of purpose that ensures the eligibility of student for MIS program. Better will be statement of purpose, more will be chances to get admission into MIS program. Here the question is that “what your statement of purpose management information systems should include to claim it a better statement?” Let’s see the answer of this question:

• A statement of purpose for “Management information systems” should include the reason to select this field for making the career of your life.
• The SOP for MIS should include a brief introduction of candidate with description of achivmnet as well.
• The SOP should also include the aim of life after getting the degree in “Management information systems”.
• It is better to include some event of your life that inspired you to choose “Management information systems”.

Secrets About Writing a Perfect Statement of Purpose Management Information Systems

The first important information you need to have on your fingertips when writing such an important statement is that you should at all times know which format to use. If you do not have an idea on how the format of a statement of purpose looks like, then there is ultimately no way you will stand a chance of pulling of a quality statement. Understanding the required format is very essential in that you will be able to know how to plan your content as well as also understand which content is relevant for your statement. The format will also help you plan your points in a systematic manner which will, in the long run, increase your chances of convincing the people responsible for the analyzing of the admission applications and statements of purpose.

There are many samples of MIS statement of purpose available at internet. However, a good sample sop for MIS is only that one which could reveal the secrets of writing a good SOP for MIS. Following is the brief details of secrets for writing a good SOP for MIS:

• Introduction:  the introduction of MIS statement of purpose should include the reason of choosing “Management Information Systems”. Every person takes a decision of its life on the basis of some solid reason. In this part of SOP, you have to mention this reason in very clear manner that why you want to make your career in MIS.
• Body:  the body of SOP for MIS should contain a little introduction of your educational background. Here, it is very important to highlight your achievement in any subject or other extracurricular activity that is related to “Management information systems”.
• Conclusion: the conclusion should reveal your aim after fulfilling your dream to complete “Management information systems”.

Using a Sample Statement of Purpose for Management Information Systems

One of the easiest ways of being able to write a statement of purpose information systems  is by using an already written sample. By choosing to use an already written sample, you will be able to have a practical idea of how the statement needs to be written. You also get the opportunity to follow the steps that have been followed in the sample statement. The  sample statement of purpose for management information systems is also very helpful since you do not have to spend a lot of your time researching on how to write a perfect statement since every detail about the statement will be captured in the sample statement. You should, however, ensure that you do not copy the content in the sample but rather use your own personalized content so that you can stand a better chance of submitting a statement that is unique and original.

How to Make Your Statement Perfect

What Other Admission Document We Can Help With

Besides the statement of purpose, we help our clients in writing and editing the following documents:

• Letter of Intent

How to Order Our Services

To order our services and get MIS or  Clemson application essay , follow the below mentioned steps:

• Click on “Order Now” that is available at our webpage.
• An order form will be in front of you with different types of required information.
• You have to fill up your personal and other required information.
• After this, there is turn of choosing the option “Type of Service”.
• You can choose the option by reviewing the rates that are also provided in front of every service.
• Don’t forget to deduct 20% discount on total price in case of immediate order placement.
• After receiving the amount, we start working on your order without wasting any time.

We offer guaranteed best service in writing a winning statement of purpose management information systems thanks to our committee writers and secrecy policy!

• Applying to Uni
• Apprenticeships
• Health & Relationships
• Money & Finance
• Personal Statements
• Postgraduate
• U.S Universities
• University Interviews
• Vocational Qualifications
• Accommodation
• ​​​​​​​Budgeting, Money & Finance
• ​​​​​​​Health & Relationships
• ​​​​​​​Jobs & Careers
• ​​​​​​​Socialising
• Studying Abroad
• ​​​​​​​Studying & Revision
• ​​​​​​​Technology
• ​​​​​​​University & College Admissions

Guide to GCSE Results Day

Finding a job after school or college

Retaking GCSEs

In this section

Choosing GCSE Subjects

Post-GCSE Options

GCSE Work Experience

GCSE Revision Tips

Why take an Apprenticeship?

Applying for an Apprenticeship

Apprenticeships Interviews

Apprenticeship Wage

Engineering Apprenticeships

What is an Apprenticeship?

Choosing an Apprenticeship

Real Life Apprentices

Degree Apprenticeships

Higher Apprenticeships

A Level Results Day 2024

AS Levels 2024

Clearing Guide 2024

Applying to University

SQA Results Day Guide 2024

BTEC Results Day Guide

Vocational Qualifications Guide

Sixth Form or College

International Baccalaureate

Post 18 options

Finding a Job

Should I take a Gap Year?

Travel Planning

Volunteering

Gap Year Blogs

Top Rated Personal Statements

Personal Statement Examples

Writing Your Personal Statement

Postgraduate Personal Statements

International Student Personal Statements

Gap Year Personal Statements

Personal Statement Length Checker

Personal Statement Examples By University

Personal Statement Editing and Review Service

Personal Statement Changes 2025

Personal Statement Template

Job Interviews

Types of Postgraduate Course

Writing a Postgraduate Personal Statement

Postgraduate Funding

Postgraduate Study

Internships

Choosing A College

Ivy League Universities

Common App Essay Examples

Universal College Application Guide

How To Write A College Admissions Essay

College Rankings

Admissions Tests

Fees & Funding

Scholarships

Budgeting For College

Online Degree

Platinum Express Editing and Review Service

Gold Editing and Review Service

Silver Express Editing and Review Service

UCAS Personal Statement Editing and Review Service

Oxbridge Personal Statement Editing and Review Service

Postgraduate Personal Statement Editing and Review Service

You are here

It management personal statement example.

There is a gowning trend toward how to mapping and process in application and database in software engineer that running the multiple platform (operation) system for the largest software system.

A programming in dependent on interrupt and complier has become too productive and a high flexibility power in-house if it may reduce the code and domain capture in system. For the last two years in my software house, I have researched the changing programming language, method and database in software.

How much it effective system and reduce in developing time and why is to meet in their system. It seemed me to support R & D in Information Technology. But I have collected with no widely and lack of term IT fields in my country. I believe as career that it invaluable me to purse M.S in software Engineering and research in the excellent education.

In the eight years that passed to develop outsourcing I earned my undergraduate degree, much has change in my life. While lay down to the higher pressure in-house, I know how to deign and management in software system. For the last two years in R & D department, I have developed the repaid applications and components at my software house in my country.

It is designed and structure with not theoretical and method but base on my knowledge and practical. I have explored the context and approach in the particular usage in my software library. It is more complex and biggest system, more difficult matching in my software system. I believe that it is significant and appreciates me to a career research could be.

I was now determined to focus the widely IT business and global version.

For top 5 % math in my class since secondary and high school, I am very interested to purse engineering subject. When I began my undergraduate as career, I pursed the B.S in physics in University of Mandalay. I excelled in physics, chemistry and math in major.

During growing up the military regime, I pursed the B.S at physics in 3 years closed at 7 years. It is invaluable me to support as career the solid science and math. For my developer years in my country, I excited to good handle the programming language and design in system developing.

Living in the small village at the bench the beautiful river, my father as tailor explained me how to be difficult if find the scope and design the customer's clothes. With it is my age is 11, I did not realize that is important.

Passing the developer in house, I realized that it is appealing aspect me while worked closely in customer site. I have contributed people implement the 5 projects in successful. In those years , I have encourage and experience both education ,and professional , and I decided to enhance the high levels of excellence through out my career in software engineer.

I have always found the overlap and the high dependents in IT leader if the projects have been finished in the customer site. In my experience, the mature organizations have developed the 40 % design and coded, the 20 % installing and maintained, and the 40 % update and hand over in time the small side projects.

They are the lack of mature organization if more increase maintain and hand over. It is significant me to research area as using IT in organization structure. For last three years in my software house, I have written the effective if reduce code in application, database and platform.

Writing with C++, PYTON, TCL, PHP, Java and VB, I challenges to change and database platform, I have the session layer with complex control the vendor software design. It is remarkable and helpful me that research the application and database at any platform in software engineering.

I will purse MS in computer science. Later, I indented this up with a PhD in Information Technology and then, a career in research and development in Industry and education.

I have applied The professional program in Computer Science at Maharishi University of Management. Especially, I delight to Meditation and professional if I am Buddhist. I at now work at the two hour in Meditation daily.

With its strong cadre of experienced faculty, Maharishi will prepare me to become a solid senior technical manger and partner with enlightened vision towards the new direction manifesting in the information Technology filed.

Profile info

This personal statement was written by seinnyopos for application in 2008.

seinnyopos's Comments

I try to enroll the M.S in IT at one of U.K or USA university and please edit my essay with Internationally if I live Burma without last of communication international

This personal statement is unrated

Related Personal Statements

Pie. i wish i did ict..

Mon, 07/01/2008 - 15:39

you go. girlfiend xxx

Awesome statement but

Fri, 14/01/2011 - 11:29

Awesome statement but paragraphs would make this a lot easier to read and evaluate.

Check your grammar before you

Wed, 23/11/2011 - 09:39

Check your grammar before you submit

Add new comment

Official websites use .gov

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS

2024 Investment Climate Statements: Finland

• EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Finland is a Nordic country situated north of the Baltic states, bordering Russia, Sweden, and Norway. It has excellent transportation links within the Nordic-Baltic region and is a member of the Schengen Zone within which internal border controls have been, for the most part, eliminated. In 2023, the population was around 5.6 million, with over 85 percent residing in cities in the country’s south. Helsinki is the capital and largest city, with a population of around 675,000 in the city and 1.5 million in the metropolitan area.

Finland is a member of the European Union and a part of the Euro area. In 2023, Finland joined NATO and concluded negotiations on a bilateral Defense Cooperation Agreement (DCA) with the United States. NATO membership and the DCA should benefit the country economically by increasing regional security and stability; and investments in the defense industry will create jobs and stimulate economic growth and trade. According to Finnish Customs, the United States was Finland’s biggest trading partner for exports in 2023.

As a modern, stable economy, Finland offers a well-developed digital infrastructure with stability, functionality, and a high standard of living. The country has a highly skilled, educated, and multilingual labor force with solid expertise in Information Communications Technology (ICT) and emerging technologies, including microelectronics; quantum and supercomputing; shipbuilding; forestry; and renewable energy. Finland and the United Sates are intensifying cooperation in various fields, including cybersecurity, 6G networks, nuclear, climate, energy, health, biotechnology, space, quantum technology, artificial intelligence, and other emerging technologies through bilateral joint statements and agreements.

In 2021, emerging from the pandemic, Finland’s economy recovered swiftly from recession to moderate growth of 2.6 percent, but growth slowed after Russia’s February 2022 full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The center-right government of Prime Minister Petteri Orpo, formed in June 2023 following parliamentary elections in April 2023, aims to improve weak economic growth through changes to structural policies, including balancing public finances; spurring investment in education, research, and development; accelerating the green transition; and introducing labor market reforms. Labor unions engaged in a series of political strikes aimed at blocking the implementation of the labor market reforms during the spring of 2024.

At the same time, an aging population and a shrinking workforce are the most pressing demographic concerns for economic growth. According to the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Barometer 2023, over three-quarters of businesses report experiencing a talent shortage, with large foreign-owned companies being most negatively affected. In response, Finland aims to increase work- and education-based immigration through the Talent Boost program, revised for the years 2023-2027. The aim is to attract and improve the employment of international specialists immigrating to Finland.

Finland has set a target of becoming carbon neutral by 2035. To accelerate the green transition, the government is prioritizing investment projects in renewable energy production, industrial electrification, hydrogen economy, carbon capture and storage, and battery production to grant quicker permit processing times. The current pipeline of green investments amounts to approximately 230 billion euros ($247 billion), including projects by domestic and multinational companies. The high share of carbon-free electricity production in the domestic energy mix, which was 94 percent in 2023, facilitates the green transition.

The European Central Bank has tightened monetary policy in the euro area in response to high inflation, which has also slowed economic growth in Finland during the past two years. Industrial production and construction are sensitive to interest rate movements, which have reduced private consumption, investment, and the demand for housing in Finland. The Bank of Finland’s interim forecast indicates Gross Domestic Product (GDP) will decrease by 0.5 percent in 2024. Economists predict the economy will bounce back towards the end of the year, and GDP will grow by 1.7 percent in 2025. Inflation is projected to decline to below one percent during 2024, improving employees’ actual earnings and consumers’ purchasing power.

Russia’s war against Ukraine has impacted Finland’s economic activity and inflation through higher energy and commodity prices, the disruption of international commerce, and weaker confidence in the economy. Finnish Customs indicates the value of Finland’s exports of goods to Russia and Central Asia amounted to 1.2 billion euros ($1.3 billion) in 2023, a decrease of 50.5 percent compared to 2022. The overall economic effects of the war on the private sector have remained relatively small as companies have replaced Russian trade with other markets.

1. Openness To, and Restrictions Upon, Foreign Investment

• Policies Towards Foreign Direct Investment

The Finnis government is open to foreign investment. As an EU member state, Finland is committed to the free movement of goods, capital, persons, and certain services. Companies benefit from trade arrangements through EU and World Trade Organization (WTO) membership, and the protection offered by Finland’s bilateral investment treaties with sixty-three countries.

Private ownership and the participation of foreign companies or individuals are unrestricted, and the government promotes trade and foreign direct investment. Business Finland helps foreign investors set up businesses and provides free services ranging from data collection and matchmaking to location management. The organization offers funding for research and development work carried out by companies, research organizations, and public sector service providers in Finland: https://www.businessfinland.com/  

• Limits on Foreign Control and Right to Private Ownership and Establishment

The Act on Monitoring Foreign Corporate Acquisitions (172/2012) governs foreign investments in Finland. The Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment monitors and confirms foreign corporate acquisitions and decides whether an acquisition conflicts with securing national defense and safeguarding public order and security. If the ministry finds a critical national interest jeopardized, it must refer the matter to the Council of State, which may refuse to approve the acquisition. For more information: https://tem.fi/en/acquisitions  

In the non-military sector, Finnish companies considered critical for securing vital functions are subject to screening, which applies to foreign owners residing or domiciled outside the EU or the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). The Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment provides instructions for preparing the application/notification. The application and statement must also be accompanied by a form containing specific information required by EU regulation.

For defense acquisitions, monitoring applies to all foreign owners, who must apply for prior approval. “Defense” includes all entities that supply or have supplied goods or services to the Finnish Ministry of Defense, the Finnish Defense Forces, and the Finnish Border Guard, as well as entities dealing in dual-use goods.

Finland requires non-EU/European Economic Area (EEA) foreign individuals or entities to receive Defense Ministry permission before they purchase real estate. Companies registered in Finland with decision-making bodies of at least one-tenth non-EU/EEA origin must seek a permit. More information is available here: https://www.defmin.fi/en/licences_and_services/authorisation_to_non-eu_and_non-eea_buyers_to_buy_real_estate#a6591279  

In 2022, the European Commission published guidance for EU member states on assessing and preventing threats to EU security and public order from Russian and Belarusian investments. The direction highlights the increased risk from investments subject to Russian or Belarusian government influence in the context of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and calls for close cooperation between authorities involved in investment screening and those responsible for enforcing sanctions.

• Other Investment Policy Reviews

Finland is considered one of the most open economies in the OECD area with a stable economy and society, strong institutions, and low corruption that attracts foreign investors. Knowledge and innovation capacity are among the most critical factors bringing foreign firms to the Finnish economy, and salaries for high-skilled workers are considered relatively competitive compared to other Nordic states.

In 2021, the OECD launched the Impact of Regulation on International Investment in Finland report to analyze FDI flows toward Finland and other Nordic-Baltic countries and discuss the benefits of foreign investment for the Finnish economy. The OECD noted that several challenges may prevent Finland from exploiting its full potential as a destination for FDI.

The OECD recommended reviewing and streamlining inefficient and burdensome policies, diminishing red tape, and fostering competition to encourage new international investment and enhance the economic performance of existing players. Complex administrative procedures to recruit foreign talent and stringent labor market conditions affect growth prospects. Further policy responses that help businesses deal with skill shortages are essential to ensure attractiveness as an investment location. More information is available here: https://www.oecd.or g/publications/the-impact-of-regulation-on-international-investment-in-finland-b1bf8bee-en.htm  

Over the past three years, Finland has not undergone an investment policy review by the WTO or the United Nations Committee on Trade and Development (UNCTAD).

• Business Facilitation

All businesses in Finland must be publicly registered at the Finnish Trade Register. The website is: https://www.prh.fi/en/kaupparekisteri.html .

The Business Information System (BIS) is an online service enabling investors to start a business or organization, report changes, close down a business, or conduct searches: https://www.prh.fi/en/kaupparekisteri/rekisterointipalvelut/ytj.html  

All businesses must also enter the VAT, Prepayment, and Employer Registers of Tax Administration. Instructions for registering a company can be found at this website: https://www.vero.fi/en/businesses-and-corporations/business-operations/tax-administrations-registers–business/  

Entrepreneurs can apply for a residence permit in Finland. Before a permit can be issued, entrepreneurs usually need to enter their business in the Trade Register maintained by the Finnish Patent and Registration Office. https://migri.fi/en/entrepreneur  

In 2022, Finland introduced a long-term “D” visa for students, researchers, persons in managerial positions in companies, and their family members to increase the immigration of skilled labor. With a “D” visa, applicants can enter Finland immediately after receiving a favorable decision on the residence permit application, and the “D” visa sticker has been attached to the passport. For more information: https://migri.fi/en/d-visa  

• Outward Investment

International trade and external economic relations are central to Finland’s foreign and security policy. The Ministry for Foreign Affairs prepares and implements Finland’s trade policy within the framework of the EU.

Team Finland is a network of public sector bodies dedicated to helping Finnish companies grow and be successful in their dealings abroad. It also promotes the country’s image and attracts foreign investments and experts to Finland. The network offers tailor-made service packages for companies’ internationalization needs based on the services provided by the network actors. Service packages typically combine services provided by the Center for Economic Development, Transport and the Environment, Business Finland, Finnvera, and the Ministry for Foreign Affairs. https://www.team-finland.fi/en/network-services-for-companies  

Business Finland is a public-sector operator and part of the Team Finland network. It helps Finnish Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) go international, encourages foreign direct investment in Finland, and promotes tourism. The organization focuses on agricultural technology, clean technology, connectivity, e-commerce, education, information and communication technology, digitalization, mining, and mobility. While many of Business Finland’s programs are export-oriented, they also seek to offer business and network opportunities within Finland that are not necessarily focused on exports. The organization employs 760 specialists at 40 foreign locations and 16 offices in Finland. https://www.businessfinland.fi/en/for-finnish-customers/home  

The government generally allows domestic investors to invest abroad, with some exceptions. The defense ministry approves arms exports for military use, the National Police Board grants permission to export civilian weapons, and the foreign ministry oversees exports of dual-use products.

• 2. Bilateral Investment and Taxation Treaties

Finland has 55 Bilateral Investment Treaties in force but does not share a BIT or Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the United States. As an EU member state, Finland is a signatory to any treaty or agreement signed by the EU, including free trade agreements. A complete list of Finland’s investment agreements can be found at: https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/countries/71/finland  

Finland and the United States signed a convention to avoid double taxation and prevent fiscal evasion concerning taxes on income and capital (TIAS 12101) that entered into force in 1990. In 2014, the two countries signed an intergovernmental agreement to implement the U.S. Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA), which fights tax evasion and fraud. For more information: https://www.vero.fi/en/businesses-and-corporations/business-operations/financial-sector/fatca-crs-and-dac2/general-information/   https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/131/FATCA-Agreement-Finland-3-5-2014.pdf

Finland is a member of the OECD Inclusive Framework on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting and a party to the two-pillar plan to address the tax challenges arising from the digitalization of the economy. For a list of Finland’s bilateral tax agreements, see: https://www.vero.fi/en/detailed-guidance/guidance/49062/tax_treatie/  

3. Legal Regime

• Transparency of the Regulatory System

In Finland, competition policy aims to create and maintain an environment where enterprises have a level playing field and an opportunity to succeed due to their expertise. The Competition Act (948/2011) is the base for the national competition policy, seeking to ensure sound and effective economic competition. The Finnish Competition and Consumer Authority is responsible for applying the legislation. For more information: https://www.kkv.fi/en/competition-affairs/competition-act/  

Finland is subject to accounting, auditing, and financial reporting requirements established through EU regulations and directives as transposed into national laws and regulations. Finland has fully aligned its legal framework with the EU acquis communitaire related to accounting and auditing. For more information: https://www.ifac.org/about-ifac/membership/profile/finland#:~:text=In%20Finland%2C%20the%20Accounting%20Act,European%20Commission%20(EC)%20Regulations  

Finnish law does not require institutional investors and financial intermediaries to consider Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors when making investment decisions. Most institutional investors and financial intermediaries have signed the UN Principles for Responsible Investment and also consider sustainable development goals in their investment decisions. However, the Finnish Corporate Governance Code considers certain ESG factors in its recommendations, such as the composition of the company’s board of directors concerning gender. The Corporate Governance Code applies to all companies listed on Nasdaq Helsinki. https://cgfinland.fi/en/corporate-governance-code/  

In September 2021, the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment released a Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) finance roadmap, called the “Finnish Roadmap for Financing a Decade of SDG Action 2021.” The roadmap aims to support Finnish stakeholders with a goal of increasing financing for solutions to reach the SDGs in Finland and globally. More information can be found here: https://tem.fi/en/developing-finlands-sustainable-finance-ecosystems  

The Act on the Openness of Public Documents establishes the openness of all records in the possession of officials of the state, municipalities, registered religious communities, and corporations that perform legally mandated public duties, such as pension funds and public utilities. Exceptions can only be made by law or by an executive order for reasons such as national security. https://oikeusministerio.fi/en/act-on-the-openness-of-government-activities  

The Ministry of Justice maintains an online Finlex Data Bank database of up-to-date legislative and judicial information. Most of the databases are only available in Finnish and Swedish, but some translations of Finnish acts and decrees are also available in English and other languages. Case law in the legal literature database is also available in English. https://finlex.fi/en/  

The Ministry of Justice provides an online service to request and give statements electronically in connection with draft regulations, legislation, and other government documents. Public administration authorities can publish draft bills and regulations for public consultation. The service is available in Finnish and Swedish: https://www.lausuntopalvelu.fi/FI  

The Parliamentary Ombudsman exercises oversight to ensure that those who perform public tasks comply with the law and fulfill their responsibilities. The Ombudsman investigates complaints, conducts on-site inspections, and makes statements on legislative proposals. The scope of the Ombudsman’s oversight includes courts, authorities, and public servants, as well as other persons and organizations that perform public tasks. The Ombudsman submits an annual report to Parliament, including observations on the state of the administration of justice and any shortcomings in legislation. https://www.oikeusasiamies.fi/en/eoa  

The status of Finland’s public finances is available at Statistics Finland, Finland’s official statistics agency: https://www.stat.fi/en/topic/national-economy  

The status of Finland’s national debt is available at the State Treasury: https://www.treasuryfinland.fi/statistics/statistics-on-central-government-debt/  

• International Regulatory Considerations

Finland follows EU internal market practices, which define Finland’s trade relations both inside the EU and with non-EU countries. As a member of the WTO, Finland reports under the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement) all proposed technical regulations that could affect trade with other member countries. In 2021, Finland submitted two notifications of technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures to the WTO. It has submitted 105 notifications since 1995. Finland is a signatory to the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA), which entered into force on February 22, 2017.

• Legal System and Judicial Independence

Finland has a civil law system. European Community (EC) law is directly applicable in Finland and takes precedence over national legislation. The Market Court is a special court for rulings in commercial law, competition, and public procurement cases, and may issue injunctions and penalties against the illegal restriction of competition. It also governs mergers and acquisitions, may overturn public procurement decisions, and require compensatory payments. More information about the court is available here: https://oikeus.fi/tuomioistuimet/en/index.html  

Finland has been a party to the New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards since 1962. The provisions of the convention have been included in the Arbitration Act (957/1992).

The Oikeus.fi website https://oikeus.fi/en/index.html   contains information about the Finnish judicial system and links to the websites of the independent courts, the public legal aid and guardianship districts, the National Prosecution Authority, the National Enforcement Authority Finland, and the Criminal Sanctions Agency.

• Laws and Regulations on Foreign Direct Investment

The Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment monitors foreign corporate acquisitions and is a national contact point for the EU screening regulation. The purpose of the Act on the Monitoring of Foreign Corporate Acquisitions in Finland (127/2012) (hereafter the Act) is to monitor and, if vital national interests so require, to restrict the transfer of influence to foreigners and foreign organizations and foundations. More information about the Act is available here: ihttps://tem.fi/en/acquisitions.

Under the Act, corporate acquisition refers to activities in which a foreign owner gains control of at least one-tenth, at least one-third, or at least one-half of the aggregate number of votes conferred by all shares in the company or a holding that otherwise corresponds to decision-making authority in a limited liability company or other monitored entity. For more information: https://tem.fi/documents/1410877/0/Kysymyksi%C3%A4+ja+vastauksia_en.pdf/0ef51799-6c84-9251-6cfe-188bc91c6f83/Kysymyksi%C3%A4+ja+vastauksia_en.pdf?t=1636548655250  

There is no primary or “one-stop-shop” website that provides all relevant laws, rules, procedures, and reporting requirements for investors. A non-European Economic Area (EEA) resident (persons or companies) operating in Finland must obtain a license or a notification when starting a business in a regulated industry. For more information: https://tem.fi/en/regulation-of-business-operations  

• Competition and Antitrust Laws

The Finnish Competition and Consumer Authority (FCCA) protects competition by intervening in cases regarding restrictive practices, such as cartels and abuse of dominant position, and violations of the Competition Act and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). Investigations occur both on the FCCA’s initiative and based on complaints. Where necessary, the FCCA makes proposals to the Market Court regarding penalties.

The FCCA requires notification on mergers and acquisitions that exceed certain turnover thresholds. The FCCA will intervene in the transaction if it deems it to prevent effective competition in Finland. The FCCA would investigate transactions where the parties’ combined turnover generated in Finland exceeds EUR 100 million and the total turnover generated in Finland of at least two parties exceeds EUR 10 million per party.

In international competition matters, the FCCA’s key stakeholders are the European Commission (DG Competition), the OECD Competition Committee, the Nordic competition authorities, and the International Competition Network (ICN). FCCA rulings and decisions can be found in the archive in Finnish. More information is available at: https://www.kkv.fi/en/facts-and-advice/competition-affairs/

• Expropriation and Compensation

Finnish law protects private property rights. Citizen property is protected by the constitution, which includes basic provisions in the event of expropriation. Private property is only expropriated for public purposes (eminent domain), in a non-discriminatory manner, with reasonable compensation, and in accordance with established international law.

Expropriation is usually based on a permit given by the government or on a confirmed plan and is performed by the District Survey Office. An expropriation permit granted by the government may be appealed to the Supreme Administrative Court. Compensation is awarded at full market price but may exclude the rise in value due only to planning decisions.

Besides normal expropriation according to the Expropriation Act, a municipality or the state has the right to expropriate land for planning purposes. Expropriation is mainly for acquiring land for common needs, such as street areas, parks, and civic buildings. The method is rarely used: less than one percent of land acquired by the municipalities is expropriated. Credendo Group ranks Finland’s expropriation risk as low (1), on a scale from 1 to 7: https://credendo.com/en/country-risk/finland  

Dispute Settlement

• ICSID Convention and New York Convention

In 1969, Finland became a member state of the World Bank-based International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID; Washington Convention). Finland is a signatory to the Convention of the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (1958 New York Convention).

• Investor-State Dispute Settlement

The Finnish Arbitration Act (967/1992) applies to domestic and international arbitration without distinction. Sections 1 to 50 apply to arbitration in Finland, and Sections 51 to 55 apply to arbitration agreements providing for arbitration abroad and the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards in Finland. Of 229 parties in 2021, the majority (208) were from Finland.

In 2021, a Chinese investor brought the first known investment treaty claim against Finland. He was detained and had his business center raided and shut down on suspicion it was facilitating illegal immigration. The proceedings were ultimately settled between Finland and the claimant. For more information: https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/investment-dispute-settlement/cases/1192/wang-v-finland  

• International Commercial Arbitration and Foreign Courts

Finland has a long tradition of institutional arbitration, and its legal framework dates to 1928. Today, arbitration procedures are governed by the 1992 Arbitration Act (as amended), which largely mirrors the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration of 1985 (with amendments, as adopted in 2006). However, the UNCITRAL Model law has yet to be incorporated into Finnish law.

Finland’s Act on Mediation in Civil Disputes and Certification of Settlements by Courts (394/2011) aims to facilitate alternative dispute resolution (ADR) and promote amicable settlements by encouraging mediation and applies to settlements concluded in other EU member states: https://www.finlex.fi/en/laki/kaannokset/2011/en20110394.pdf

In June 2016, the Finland Arbitration Institute of the Chamber of Commerce (FAI) launched its Mediation Rules under which FAI will administer mediation: https://arbitration.fi/mediation/mediation_rules/  

Any dispute in a civil or commercial matter, international or domestic, which can be settled by agreement may be referred to arbitration. Arbitration is frequently used to resolve commercial disputes and is usually faster than court proceedings. An arbitration award is final and binding. FAI promotes the settlement of disputes through arbitration, commonly using the “FAI Arbitration/Expedited Arbitration Rules,” which were updated in 2020: https://arbitration.fi/en/arbitration/rules-and-guidelines/  

The Finland Arbitration Institute (FAI) appoints arbitrators both to domestic and international arbitration proceedings and administers domestic and international arbitrations governed by its rules. It also appoints arbitrators in ad hoc cases when the arbitration agreement provides and acts as appointing authority under the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules. The Finnish Arbitration Act (967/1992) states that foreign nationals can act as arbitrators. For more information: https://arbitration.fi/en/arbitration/  

Finland signed the UN Convention on Transparency in Treaty-based Investor-State Arbitration (“Mauritius Convention”) in March 2015. Under these rules, all documents and hearings are open to the public, interested parties may submit statements, and protection for confidential information has been strengthened.

• Bankruptcy Regulations

The Bankruptcy Act (120/2004) governs bankruptcy proceedings aimed at liquidating the assets of an insolvent company to satisfy its creditors and dissolve the company. The act was amended in 2019 to simplify, digitize, and speed up bankruptcy proceedings. The amended act allows administrators to send notices and invitations to creditor addresses registered in the Trade Register. This improves accessibility for foreign companies that have established a branch in Finland. For more information: https://www.finlex.fi/en/laki/kaannokset/2004/en20040120.pdf

The Bankruptcy Ombudsman is an independent authority that supervises the administration of bankruptcy estates in Finland . The Office of Bankruptcy Ombudsman is a member of the International Association of Insolvency Regulators (IAIR). For more information: https://www.konkurssiasiamies.fi/en/index.html  

The Reorganization of Enterprises Act (1993/47) establishes a legal framework for reorganization with the aim to provide an alternative to bankruptcy proceedings. The act excludes credit and insurance institutions and certain other financial institutions. Recognition of restructuring or insolvency processes initiated outside of the EU requires an exequatur from a Finnish court. https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1993/en19930047  

4. Industrial Policies

• Investment Incentives

Foreign-owned companies in Finland are eligible for government and EU incentives on an equal footing with Finnish-owned businesses. Companies receive support through grants, loans, tax benefits, equity participation, guarantees, and employee training.

The income tax rate for limited liability companies and other corporate entities is 20 percent. According to the 2023 International Tax Competitiveness Index, the Finnish tax system is the 19th best tax code among 38 OECD countries. For more information: https://www.vero.fi/en/businesses-and-corporations/business-operations/foreign-business-in-finland/taxation-in-finland/   and https://taxfoundation.org/location/finland/  

Startups, SMEs, and large companies can benefit from Business Finland’s incentives: https://www.businessfinland.fi/en/do-business-with-finland/invest-in-finland/business-environment/incentives/incentives-short   and https://www.businessfinland.fi/48d8e1/globalassets/julkaisut/invest-in-finland/business-guides-and-fact-sheets/iif_factsheet_incentives.pdf

Centers for Economic Development, Transport, and the Environment (ELY Centers) support the establishment, growth, and development of SMEs by providing advisory, training, and expert services, and by granting funding for investment and development projects. Large companies may also qualify for assistance or funding if they significantly increase employment in their region of operation. Startups can receive subsidies to establish and expand business operations during their first 24 months. For more information: http://www.ely-keskus.fi/en/web/ely-en/business-and-industry;jsessionid=0B09A1B237B74FAC485AAD7C8E068DBF  

As part of its Sustainable Growth Program, which is funded by the EU Recovery Plan, Finland is promoting energy investments and energy infrastructure projects that reduce greenhouse gas emissions in Finland and support Finland’s target to be carbon neutral by 2035. For more information: https://tem.fi/en/-/energy-investments-of-finland-s-sustainable-growth-programme-promote-the-green-transition   and https://www.businessfinland.fi/en/for-finnish-customers/services/funding/energy-aid  

Government aid is available for the implementation of energy audits, investments that conserve energy, and investments related to the use of renewable energy, as well as for European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations (ESCO) projects. For more information: https://www.motiva.fi/en/solutions/policy_instruments/energy_aid  

Finnvera offers loans, domestic guarantees, export credit guarantees, and other services associated with financing exports: https://www.finnvera.fi/eng  

• Foreign Trade Zones/Free Ports/Trade Facilitation

The EU Customs Code (UCC), which entered into force on May 1, 2016, harmonized free trade zone area regulations in the EU.

The Åland Islands are one of the unique fiscal territories within Finland and the EU. The tax border separates the Åland Islands from the VAT and excise territory of the EU. VAT and excise are levied on goods imported across the tax border, but no customs duty is levied. In tax border trade, goods can be sold with a tax-free invoice in accordance with the detailed taxation instructions of the Finnish Tax Administration. Trade between Åland and non-EU countries is subject to the same regulations and instructions as trade between the EU and third countries. For more information: https://tulli.fi/en/businesses/aland-businesses  

• Performance and Data Localization Requirements

As an EU member state, Finland adheres to the General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2016/679) (GDPR), an EU law that entered into force in 2016, and, following a two-year transition period, became law on May 25, 2018, without requiring EU member states to change national laws.

Finland’s Data Protection Act (1050/2018) supplements the GDPR. The Data Protection Ombudsman is a national supervisory authority that supervises compliance with data protection legislation. The office has approximately 45 specialists, including the Data Protection Ombudsman and two Deputy Data Protection Ombudsmen. For more information: https://tietosuoja.fi/en/home   and https://www.finlex.fi/en/laki/kaannokset/2018/en20181050.pdf

5. Protection of Property Rights

• Real Property

The Finnish legal system protects and enforces property rights and secured interests in property, both movable and real. Mortgages exist in Finland and can be applied to both owned and rented real estate. In Finland, real property formation, development, land consolidation, cadastral or boundary mapping, registration of real properties, ownership and legal rights, real property valuation, and taxation are all combined within one basic cadastral system (i.e. real estate register) maintained by the National Land Survey: https://www.maanmittauslaitos.fi/en/apartments-and-real-property  

Finland is not a contracting party to the 2001 Cape Town Convention on Mobile Equipment (CTC) and the Protocol on Matters Specific to Aircraft Equipment (Aircraft Protocol).

• Intellectual Property Rights

Finland is not included on USTR’s Special 301 Report or Notorious Markets List..

USTR’s 2022 Notorious Markets List mentions Finland for reportedly hosting a Flokinet server associated with infringing activity and reportedly hosting an FLVTO web server, a platform that allows the user to download music from YouTube and convert it to an mp3.

The Finnish legal system protects intellectual property rights (IPR), and Finland adheres to numerous international agreements. Finland ranked first among 129 countries in the Property Rights Alliance 2023 International Property Rights Index (IPRI), which concentrates on a country’s legal and political environment, physical property rights, and IPR: https://www.internationalpropertyrightsindex.org/  

IPR enforcement in Finland is based on EU Regulation 608/2013. For more information, see: https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs-4/prohibitions-and-restrictions/counterfeit-piracy-and-other-ipr-violations_en  

IPR must be registered in Finland to be enforced under local laws, such as the Copyright Act, the Registered Designs Act, and the Patents Act. Patent rights in Finland are consistent with international standards, and a granted patent is valid for 20 years. The Finnish Patent and Registration Office (PRH) website contains unofficial translations in English of the Patents Act, Patents Decree, and Patent Regulation. For more information: https://www.prh.fi/en/index.html  

The Finnish Trademarks Act was enacted in May 2019 to implement the revised EU Trademark Directive. The act includes provisions concerning collective marks and control marks. It includes amendments to related legislation such as the Finnish Company Names Act, the Criminal Code, and relevant procedural acts. Trademark applicants or proprietors not domiciled in Finland must have a representative resident in the European Economic Area. Finland is a party to the Madrid Protocol.

Finnish Customs supervises counterfeit products that are imported to, exported from, and transited via Finland and other products that violate IPR. Custom officers have the authority to seize and destroy counterfeit goods. Customs has intensified the control of counterfeit goods by conducting a risk analysis of postal traffic. The long-term trend indicates a decline in counterfeit goods detected in large-volume shipments: https://www.vero.fi/en/grey-economy-crime/prevention/preventionstatistics/  

Finland is a member of the World International Property Organization (WIPO) and party to a several other treaties, including the Berne Convention, the Paris Convention, the Patent Cooperation Treaty, the WIPO Copyright Treaty, the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty, and the International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations (Rome Convention). Finland is a party to the WTO’s Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS).

For additional information about national laws and points of contact at local IP offices, please see WIPO’s country profiles at: https://www.wipo.int/directory/en/details.jsp?country_code=FI  

6. Financial Sector

• Capital Markets and Portfolio Investment

Finland is open to foreign portfolio investment and has an effective regulatory system. Credit is allocated on market terms and made available to foreign investors non-discriminately, and private sector companies have access to various credit instruments. Legal, regulatory, and accounting systems are transparent and consistent with international norms.

The Helsinki Stock Exchange is part of OMX, referred to as NASDAQ OMX Helsinki (OMXH). NASDAQ OMX Helsinki is part of the NASDAQ OMX Nordic division, together with the Stockholm, Copenhagen, Iceland, and Baltic (Tallinn, Riga, and Vilnius) stock exchanges.

Finland accepts the obligations under IMF Article VIII, Sections 2(a), 3, and 4 of the IMF Articles of Agreement. It maintains an exchange system free of restrictions on payments and transfers for current international transactions, except for those measures imposed for security reasons by the Regulations of the Council of the European Union.

• Money and Banking System

Finland has a resilient, digitally advanced, and well-capitalized banking sector characterized by cooperative banking and pan-Nordic groups. Banking is open to foreign competition, and the industry is one of Europe’s most prominent relative to the size of the national economy. Four significant banks (OP Financial Group, Nordea, Municipality Finance, and Danske Bank) dominate the banking sector, holding 80 percent of the market. The Bank of Finland is the national monetary authority and the central bank of Finland: https://www.suomenpankki.fi/en  

The Financial Supervisory Authority (FIN-FSA) supervises Finland’s financial and insurance sectors, including banks, insurance and pension companies, other companies operating in the insurance sector, investment firms, fund management companies, and the Helsinki Stock Exchange: https://www.finanssivalvonta.fi/en/  

In 2023, the financial sector’s capital position remained strong despite the gloomier economic environment. Finland’s banks met the requirements for liquid bank holdings under Basel III standards, which compare a bank’s assets with its capital to see if the bank would withstand a financial crisis. The sector’s operating environment weakened as the Finnish economy slid into a recession. Despite increased credit risks in corporate and household loans, the Finnish banking sector’s non-performing loans and loan losses were still among the lowest in Europe.

Foreign companies and nationals can, in principle, open bank accounts in the same manner as Finnish nationals. However, banks must identify customers, and this may prove more difficult for foreign nationals. In addition to personal and address data, the bank often needs to know the person’s identifier code (i.e. social security number). Several banks require a work permit, a certificate of studies, a letter of recommendation from a trustworthy bank, and details regarding the nature of transactions to be made with the account. All authorized deposit-taking banks are members of the Deposit Guarantee Fund, which guarantees customers’ deposits to a maximum of EUR 100,000 ($109,000) per depositor.

The Act on Virtual Currency Providers (572/2019) entered into force in May 2019. FIN-FSA is the registration authority for virtual currency providers. The primary objective of the act is to introduce virtual currency providers into the scope of anti-money laundering regulation. Only virtual currency providers meeting statutory requirements can carry on their activities in Finland, and only a FIN-FSA registered virtual currency provider may market its currency and services in Finland. The Finnish Tax Administration released guidelines on the taxation of cryptocurrency, available here: https://www.vero.fi/en/detailed-guidance/guidance/48411/taxation-of-virtual-currencies3/  

Foreign Exchange and Remittances

• Foreign Exchange

Finland adopted the Euro as its official currency in January 1999. Finland maintains an exchange system free of restrictions on making payments and transfers for international transactions, except for those measures imposed for security reasons. Currency transfers are protected by Article VII of the IMF Articles of Agreement: http://www.imf.org/External/Pubs/FT/AA/index.htm#art7  

• Remittance Policies

There are no legal obstacles to direct foreign investment in Finnish securities or exchange controls regarding payments into and out of Finland. Banks must identify their customers and report suspected cases of money laundering or the financing of terrorism. Banks and credit institutions must also report single payments or transfers of EUR 15,000 ($16,000) or more. If the origin of funds is suspicious, banks must immediately inform the National Bureau of Investigation. There are no restrictions on current transfers or repatriation of profits. Residents and non-residents may hold foreign exchange accounts. There is no limit on dividend distributions as long as they correspond to a company’s official earnings records. Travelers carrying more than EUR 10,000 ($11,000) must make a declaration upon entering or leaving the EU.

• Sovereign Wealth Funds

Solidium is a holding company fully owned by the Finnish government. It is a minority owner of nationally listed companies operating in clusters significant to the national economy, such as the forest industry. Solidium’s ownership stake of these companies is usually over 10 percent but rarely exceeds 20 percent. According to Solidium’s investment strategy, future investments may include companies that seek to implement green transition strategies or solutions related to the platform economy. Solidium aims to strengthen and stabilize Finnish ownership in the companies and increase the value of their holdings. In 2023, Solidium paid the Finnish government approximately $374 million as a dividend. For more information: https://www.solidium.fi/en/  

7. State-Owned Enterprises

The government of Finland owns directly or through Solidium the shares of 15 listed companies on the Helsinki stock exchange. In general, State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) are open to competition except where they have a monopoly position, namely in alcohol retail and gambling. SOEs in Finland operate in chemicals, petrochemicals, plastics, and composites; energy and mining; environmental technologies; food processing and packaging; industrial equipment and supplies; marine technology; media and entertainment; metal manufacturing and products; services; and travel. The market value of all state direct shareholdings was approximately $24 billion as of March 2024. For more information, see: https://vnk.fi/en/government-ownership-steering/companies   https://vnk.fi/en/government-ownership-steering/value-of-state-holdings  

The Ownership Steering Department in the Prime Minister’s Office has ownership steering responsibility for Finnish SOEs, and is responsible for Solidium. The State Shareholdings and Ownership Steering Act (1368/2007) and the Act Amending the State Shareholdings and Ownership Steering Act (1315/2016) regulate the administration of state-owned companies. For more information, see: https://www.finlex.fi/en/laki/kaannokset/2007/en20071368   https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2016/20161315  

Finnish state ownership steering complies with the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance. The Parliamentary Advisory Council in the Prime Minister’s Office serves in an advisory capacity regarding SOE policy; it does not make recommendations regarding any business in which the individual companies are engaged. The government has proposed changing its ownership levels in several companies and increasing the number of companies the Prime Minister’s Office steers. Parliament decides from which companies the state may relinquish its sole ownership (100 percent), its control of ownership (50.1 percent), or minority ownership (33.4 percent of votes). For more information: https://vnk.fi/en/government-ownership-steering/ownership-policy  

Finland opened domestic rail freight to competition in early 2007, and in July 2016, Fenniarail Oy, the first private rail operator on the Finnish market, began operations. In November 2020, Estonian-based Operail, which works in Finland’s rail freight operations, started a subsidiary in Finland as Operail Finland. In 2023, Operail Finland’s share was sold to Nurjminen Logistics. Passenger rail transport services will be opened to competition in stages, starting with local rail services in southern Finland. Based on an agreement between Finnish State Railways (VR) and the Ministry of Transport and Communications, VR has exclusive rights to provide passenger transport rail services in Finland until the end of 2030. For more information, see: https://lvm.fi/en/-/nine-year-contract-between-the-ministry-of-transport-and-communications-and-vr-for-purchasing-rail-transport-services-1643706  

The exclusive right applies to all passenger rail transport in Finland, excluding the commuter train transport services provided by the Helsinki Regional Transport Agency (HSL). In February 2020, HSL put its commuter train transport services out for tender; VR won the tender and will continue to provide passenger rail service for the next ten years. The value of southern Finland commuter train services is $67 million per year, with 200,000 daily passengers.

• Privatization Program

Parliament makes all decisions identifying the companies in which the state may relinquish sole ownership (100 percent of the votes) or control (minimum of 50.1 percent of the votes), while the government decides on the actual sale. The state has privatized companies by selling shares to Finnish and foreign institutional investors through both public offerings and directly to employees. Sales of the state’s direct holdings totaled $2.89 billion (2007 – 2018).

The government issued a new resolution on state-ownership policy in April 2020, seeking to maximize overall social and financial benefits; use corporate assets to promote domestic ownership; and diversify the economy, create innovations, and support sustainable structural change. For more information, visit https://vnk.fi/en/government-ownership-steering  

8. Responsible Business Conduct

Finland has long traditions in compliance with labor, occupational safety, health, and environmental legislation. Finnish companies recognize that their due diligence to comply with laws and regulations is central to responsible business conduct and corporate responsibility. The Finnish Business & Society (FIBS) is the largest corporate responsibility network in the Nordic countries and has more than 300 members: https://www.fibsry.fi/briefly-in-english/  

Finland is committed to implementing the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work, and the ILO’s tripartite declaration of principles concerning multinational enterprises and social policy. The government promotes Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) through the Ministry of Employment and the Economy CSR Guidelines. or more information: https://tem.fi/en/key-guidelines-on-csr  

Finland ranks first in the UN’s Sustainable Development Report, which compares 193 UN member states based on 17 sustainability goals. Finland launched a new sustainable development strategy built around the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). More information is available here: https://dashboards.sdgindex.org/profiles/finland  

The Directive of the European Parliament and the Council on the disclosure of non-financial information has been implemented via amendments to the Finnish Accounting Act, requiring affected organizations to report on their CSR. The obligation to report non-financial information and corporate responsibility reports applies to significant public interest entities, i.e., listed companies, credit institutions, and insurance companies with more than 500 employees. In addition, turnover must be greater than $45.4 million, or the balance sheet must exceed more than $22.7 million. For more information: https://tem.fi/en/accounting  

Currently, there are no other mandatory human rights-related due diligence requirements apart from those set out in the Act on the Placing on the Market of Conflict Minerals and Their Ores (1196/2020) (the Conflict Minerals Act), which improved the transparency of supply chains and brought Finland’s conflict minerals regime into line with EU regulations. Businesses importing conflict minerals (tin, tantalum, tungsten, and gold) from conflict-affected areas into the EU that exceed certain volume thresholds are subject to due diligence requirements. The Finnish Safety and Chemicals Agency and Finnish Customs are competent authorities in implementing the act. For more information: https://tukes.fi/en/industry/conflict-minerals  

Finland has joined the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI), which supports improved governance in resource-rich countries. Finland is not a member of the Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights Initiative. The Human Rights Center (HRC), administratively linked to the Office of the Parliamentary Ombudsman, encourages foreign and local enterprises to follow the most important international norms: https://www.humanrightscentre.fi/  

Finland participates in the Montreux Document on pertinent international legal obligations and good practices for states related to private military and security company operations during armed conflict. However, Finland is not a member of ICoCA, the International Code of Conduct for Private Security Service Providers’ Association.

• Additional Resources

Department of State

• Country Reports on Human Rights Practices ;
• Trafficking in Persons Report ;
• Guidance on Implementing the “UN Guiding Principles” for Transactions Linked to Foreign Government End-Users for Products or Services with Surveillance Capabilities
• U.S. National Contact Point for the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises ; and;
• Xinjiang Supply Chain Business Advisory 

Department of the Treasury

• OFAC Recent Actions

Department of Labor

• Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor Report ;
• List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor ;
• Sweat & Toil: Child Labor, Forced Labor, and Human Trafficking Around the World and;
• Comply Chain .

Finland participates in international climate negotiations as an EU member state. It is firmly committed to the EU’s joint reduction target under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Paris Agreement. The core elements of EU climate policy are the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS); national targets for sectors excluded from EU ETS (effort sharing); and obligations concerning the Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry sector (LULUCF). The EU ETS covers more than 40 percent of the total greenhouse gas emissions in the EU and just under half of the greenhouse gas emissions in Finland. For more information, see: https://tem.fi/en/emissions-trading  

The National Climate Act is another fundamental pillar of Finland’s climate policy. The act aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions for 2030 (-60 percent), 2040 (-80 percent), and 2050 (-95 percent) compared to 1990 levels. According to the act, Finland must be carbon neutral by 2035. For more information, see: https://ym.fi/en/climate  

Finland reduces carbon emissions by increasing clean energy production, investing in the hydro economy, and augmenting the carbon sequestration of the industrial and land use sectors. Renewables have replaced imported fossil fuels in domestic electricity production. In 2023, the share of carbon-free electricity production was 94 percent. The primary energy sources of electricity production were nuclear power at 41 percent, hydropower at 18.8 percent, wind at 18.1 percent, and biomass at 13.3 percent, while the share of imported electricity was 2.2 percent.

In 2024, the government reserved EUR 14.1 million ($15.3 million) in national energy aid to promote the production of renewable energy, renewable hydrogen and hydrogen-refined fuels, energy saving or more efficient energy production or use, utilization of waste heat, and the transition towards a low-carbon energy system. The government will prioritize investment projects promoting new technology, its commercialization, and the capacity of the electricity system. In addition, REPowerEU aid supports investments in new energy technology and the production and storage of renewable hydrogen, funded by the EU Recovery and Resilience Facility. REPowerEU aims to reduce dependence on Russian fossil fuels by fast forwarding the clean transition and joining forces to achieve a more resilient energy system and a true Energy Union. For more information, see: https://tem.fi/en/-/ministry-of-economic-affairs-and-employment-sets-energy-aid-priorities-for-2024  

The Finnish Climate Fund is a state-owned company that focuses on combating climate change, boosting the low-carbon industry, and promoting digitalization. Companies targeted by the fund typically receive the funding in installments over several years when meeting conditions specified in the financing agreements. For more information, see: https://www.ilmastorahasto.fi/en/  

The National Forest Strategy contains the critical outlines of Finland’s forest policy. For more information, see: https://mmm.fi/en/forests/strategies-and-programmes  

Finland also aims to increase ecological public procurement. Finland’s first National Public Procurement Strategy, launched in September 2020, focuses on developing strategic management and promoting procurement expertise. For more information, see: https://vm.fi/en/-/national-public-procurement-strategy-identifies-concrete-ways-in-which-public-procurement-can-help-achieve-wider-goals-in-society  

On MIT’s Green Future Index 2023, Finland ranked second among 76 leading countries and territories. The index measures progress and commitment towards building a low-carbon future. According to the index, Finland fosters an extensive green tech R&D ecosystem with leading-edge renewables and food tech.

9. Corruption

Corruption in Finland is covered by the criminal code and penalties range from fines to imprisonment of up to four years. The bribery offenses criminalized in the criminal code are electoral bribery, bribery violation, the giving of bribes, the acceptance of a bribe, providing bribes to a Member of Parliament, accepting a bribe as a Member of Parliament, giving of bribes in a business transaction, and accepting a bribe in a business transaction. For more information, see: https://korruptiontorjunta.fi/en/national-legislation  

Finland does not have an authority specifically charged to prevent corruption. Instead, several authorities and agencies contribute to anti-corruption work. The Ministry of Justice coordinates anti-corruption matters, but Finland’s EU anti-corruption contact is the Ministry of the Interior. The National Bureau of Investigation also monitors corruption, while the tax administration has guidelines obliging tax officials to report suspected offenses, including foreign bribery, and the Ministry of Finance has guidelines on hospitality, benefits, and gifts. The Ministry of Justice describes its anti-corruption efforts at https://oikeusministerio.fi/en/anti-corruption-activities.

The EU Directive on non-financial reporting supports action against corruption. Implementation of the EU Directive in Finland led to the amendment of the Accounting Act in December 2016. Current legislation imposes obligations on large companies to report on anti-bribery and anti-corruption action policies.

The Ministry of Justice is responsible for monitoring and developing the Transparency Register legislation. The Transparency Register Guide contains a general description, key concepts, related procedures, and published actors. The guide answers questions such as who is subject to the obligation to provide information to the Transparency Register, what kind of information must be provided to the register and when, and how the Transparency Register is monitored. The guide is available in Finnish, Swedish, and English: https://julkaisut.valtioneuvosto.fi/handle/10024/164813  

In 2020, the Ministry of Employment and Economy released an anti-corruption guide intended for companies, especially SMEs, to provide them with guidance and support for promoting sound business practices and corruption-free business relations both in Finland and abroad. Large companies must publish corporate responsibility reports. These reports must briefly describe their business model, explain the risks related to their policies, and describe how they manage these risks. The reporting obligation applies to public interest entities with over 500 employees and a turnover of over 40 million euros ($43 million) or an annual balance sheet of over 20 million euros ($22 million). Smaller companies can report voluntarily. The report can be part of yearly reports or reports on corporate social responsibility. For more information: https://tem.fi/en/-/guide-offers-smes-practical-anti-corruption-tips  

Finland has ratified the following anti-corruption conventions: the Convention on Laundering, Search, Seizure, and Confiscation of the Proceeds from Crime; the Council of Europe Civil Law Convention on Corruption; the Criminal Law Convention on Corruption; and the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. Finland has become the 32nd country to sign the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) Coalition’s Transparency Pledge, voluntarily committing to a high level of transparency and civil society inclusion in the second cycle of the UNCAC implementation review. Finland is a member of the European Partners against Corruption (EPAC).

Finland is a signatory to the OECD Convention on Anti-Bribery. In October 2020, the OECD working group on bribery said it recognizes Finland’s commitment to combat corruption but is concerned about lack of foreign bribery enforcement. For more information: https://www.oecd.org/daf/anti-bribery/finland-oecdanti-briberyconvention.htm  

• Resources to Report Corruption

Jaakko Christensen Head of Financial Crime Division National Board of Investigation P.O. Box 285, 01310 Vantaa, Finland [email protected]

Jaakko Korhonen Chairperson Transparency Finland [email protected]

• 10. Political and Security Environment

Finland acceded to NATO in April 2023 and signed a bilateral Defense Cooperation Agreement with the United States in December 2023. The Finnish Security and Intelligence Service (SUPO) estimated in the National Security Overview 2023, the most current version released, that Russia’s actions remain the greatest threat to Finland’s national security, with Russia treating Finland as an unfriendly state, and as a target for espionage and malign influence activities. According to SUPO, NATO membership protects Finland from Russia’s measures. SUPO assesses Russia’s use of irregular migration as a way for Russia to indicate its dissatisfaction with Finland’s NATO membership and generally sow the consequences of actions Russia perceives as unfriendly.

SUOP assesses that no significant changes have occurred in the threat of terrorism faced by Finland. The threat of terrorism in Finland remains at level 2, ‘Elevated’, on the four-tier scale. There are probably far-right and radical Islamist operators in Finland with the desire and capacity to carry out violent attacks. Supporters of these ideologies pose the most likely threat, either as individuals or in small groups. Attacks remain unlikely in the short term. .For more information, see: https://supo.fi/en/terrorism-overview  

While instances of political violence in Finland are rare, extremism exists, and anti-immigration and anti-Semitic incidents do occur. The Central Council of Finnish Jewish Communities has noted a rise in anti-Semitism in Finland over the past two decades, with reported instances likely underestimating the prevalence of such cases. Targeted acts of vandalism against the synagogue and property of the Israeli Embassy and random acts of vandalism featuring anti-Semitic language and images have become more common. Hate groups and far-right political parties use anti-Semitic language and Nazi iconography in both online publications and public events. SUPO considers Racially or Ethnically Motivated Violent Extremism (REMVE) online platforms a significant source of radicalization in Finland, and Jewish and Muslim community leaders have identified these websites as contributors to increases in public anti-Semitism.

In 2022, The Ministry of the Interior published the National Counterterrorism Strategy 2022–2025 to guide national and international counterterrorism activities. Finland combats terrorism, violent radicalization, and extremism to safeguard national interests and foster the safety and security of the country and its population. The Ministry of the Interior monitors the achievement of objectives and will prepare an interim report in 2024. For more information, see: https://intermin.fi/en/publication?pubid=URN:ISBN:978-952-324-578-5  

• 11. Labor Policies and Practices

According to Statistics Finland, the population was approximately 5.6 million, and the average number of employed persons aged 15 to 74 was 2,628,000 in 2023. The number of unemployed persons was 204,000. Men’s unemployment rate was 7.9 percent, while women’s unemployment rate was 6.5 percent. In January 2024, the number of unfilled vacancies was 133,400. The working-age population will decrease in the years to come due to an increasing retirement rate caused by Finland’s aging population. At the same time, the number of immigrants is growing, and people are working to a later age in life. In Finland, most job vacancies advertised are in the social healthcare services sector, the construction industry, and the service and retail sectors.

Finland has a long tradition of trade unions. The country has a 60 percent unionization rate, and approximately 90 percent of employees have participated in the collective bargaining system. Extensive tripartite cooperation between the government, employers’ groups, and trade unions characterizes the labor market system in Finland. Trade unions and employers’ associations may make collective agreements, and the ministry decides on the agreements’ validity, determining minimum wages, working hours, and working conditions. The Ministry of Employment and the Economy is responsible for drafting labor legislation, and the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health is responsible for enforcing labor laws and regulations via the Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) authorities of the OSH Divisions at the Regional State Administrative Agencies, which operate under the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health.

To increase the labor market’s flexibility, the government of Prime Minister Petteri Orpo aims to reform the labor market legislation in 2024. As part of the proposed reforms, the government intends to increase local bargaining, which refers to workplace-level agreements on working hours, annual holidays, or wages; tie all sectors’ wage increases to export industry levels; restrict the right to political strikes, including limiting political strikes to 24 hours; and cut social welfare and benefits programs, including unemployment benefits. The government’s proposed labor reforms launched a wave of political strikes in Finland.

In the March 2024 IMF Article IV consultation with Finland, the IMF commended the government’s efforts to boost employment through social benefit reforms, greater flexibility in the labor market, and lowering the labor tax wedge. According to the IMF, the government should establish robust systems to monitor the impact of these reforms on employment closely. Additionally, government policies and procedures should aim to improve higher education, lower skill mismatches, and more effectively attract and integrate international talent.

Finland adheres to most ILO conventions; and enforcement of worker rights is effective. Freedom of association and collective bargaining are guaranteed by law, providing the right to form and join independent unions, conduct legal strikes, and bargain collectively. The law prohibits anti-union discrimination and any obstruction of these rights. The National Conciliator under the Ministry of Employment and the Economy assists negotiating partners with labor disputes. The arbitration system is based on the Act on Mediation in Labor Disputes, and the Labor Court is the highest body for settlement. The ILO’s Finland Country profile can be found here: http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000:11110:0::NO:11110:P11110_COUNTRY_ID:102625  

• 12. U.S. International Development Finance Corporation (DFC), and Other Investment Insurance or Development Finance Programs

The U.S. International Development Finance Corporation, DFC, does not operate in Finland.

• 13. Foreign Direct Investment Statistics

* Source for Host Country Data: Statistics Finland

• 14. Contact for More Information

[email protected]  

On This Page

U.s. department of state, the lessons of 1989: freedom and our future.

• Election 2024
• Entertainment
• Newsletters
• Photography
• AP Buyline Personal Finance
• AP Buyline Shopping
• Press Releases
• Israel-Hamas War
• Russia-Ukraine War
• Global elections
• Asia Pacific
• Latin America
• Middle East
• Election Results
• Delegate Tracker
• AP & Elections
• 2024 Paris Olympic Games
• Auto Racing
• Movie reviews
• Book reviews
• Financial Markets
• Business Highlights
• Financial wellness
• Artificial Intelligence
• Social Media

Largest trial court in the US closes after ransomware attack, California officials say

• Copy Link copied

LOS ANGELES (AP) — The largest trial court in the country was closed Monday after a ransomware attack shut down its computer system late last week, officials with the Superior Court of Los Angeles County said.

The court disabled its computer network upon discovery of the cybersecurity attack early Friday, and the system remained down through the weekend. Courts remained open for business Friday, but officials said all 36 courthouse locations in the county would be closed Monday.

“The Court experienced an unprecedented cyber-attack on Friday which has resulted in the need to shut down nearly all network systems in order to contain the damage, protect the integrity and confidentiality of information and ensure future network stability and security,″ Presiding Judge Samantha P. Jessner said in a statement.

Officials said Monday night that all 36 courthouses would reopen on Tuesday.

“As a result of the tireless work of court staff and security experts, the Court will reopen all 36 courthouses tomorrow, July 23,” according to a statement posted on the court website . “Court users should expect delays and potential impacts due to limits in functionality.”

The attack was not believed to be related to the faulty CrowdStrike software update that disrupted airlines, hospitals and governments around the world, officials said in a statement Friday.

A preliminary investigation shows no evidence that users’ data was compromised, according to Friday’s statement.

The Superior Court of Los Angeles County is the largest unified superior court in the United States, serving the county’s 10 million residents over 36 courthouses. Nearly 1.2 million cases were filed and 2,200 jury trials were conducted in 2022.

He was fired over an email that asked the D.A. about her panties. He said it was a mistake

• Copy Link URL Copied!

A former victims advocate who was fired after sending an email reply to San Francisco’s district attorney asking, “What color panties you have on,” is suing the county, alleging he was defamed and has been unable to find work since he hit send on the infamous email.

Jovan Thomas, 56, was fired Jan. 26, shortly after sending the email that was then circulated on social media. Screenshots of the email appeared to show Thomas making the inappropriate inquiry in an office-wide email in reply to a message from San Francisco Dist. Atty. Brooke Jenkins.

Images of the email prompted Jenkins’ office to issue a statement to the San Francisco Chronicle clarifying that Jenkins had no relationship with Thomas, and calling the message “misogynistic behavior” that violated the office’s code of conduct.

But according to the complaint, Thomas did not intend to send the inappropriate email to his boss. Instead, Thomas says the message was intended for a fraternity friend, “who was distraught and grieving the death of his father.”

Thomas “intended to text his friend a jokey question of the sort that that plaintiff had sent his friend on occasion in the past in order to cheer him up,” the complaint states. “In the context of their long-time friendship, plaintiff’s flip question had no sexual, off-color, obscene, misogynistic or sexist meaning.”

But according to the complaint, just before Thomas planned to send the text message to his friend, he received a calendar invitation from Jenkins.

Instead of sending the message to his friend, Thomas pressed “reply all” and sent the message not just to Jenkins, but to the entire staff at the district attorney’s office.

The complaint names Jenkins, the city and county of San Francisco, the district attorney’s office, and a spokesperson for the district attorney’s office as defendants.

In the complaint, Thomas’ attorney claims the message could not have been interpreted by staff at the office any other way other than a mistake.

Attorney accuses LAPD internal affairs unit of revealing alleged sex-hazing victims’ names

The attorney, Michael Morrison, said officials should have known about the potential for backlash if his clients’ names became known within the department.

May 24, 2024

“Absolutely no one who received plaintiff’s Email could reasonably have believed that plaintiff had actually inquired of his boss, the District Attorney of San Francisco, what color panties she was wearing, either seriously or as a joke, much less in an email sent to the entire staff at defendant SFDA,” the complaint states.

The district attorney’s office declined to comment on the suit. A spokesperson for the San Francisco city attorney’s office said it would respond in court.

Immediately after sending the message, Thomas sent another office-wide email apologizing and trying to explain the mistake, according to the suit.

“While texting back and forth with my fraternity brother I sent a very inappropriate email,” the message read, according to a screenshot that was circulated on X. “I am sincerely sorry and would never do such a thing on purpose.”

Orange County Fire Authority agrees to $580,000 settlement in lawsuit alleging gender discrimination

The fire agency settles with former spokeswoman Colleen Windsor, whose lawsuit alleged that male colleagues systematically harassed and undermined her.

May 22, 2024

Later that same day, Richard Ng, director of human resources for the District Attorney’s office, notified Thomas that he was being laid off.

In the complaint, Thomas alleges it was the D.A.’s office that contacted members of the press, shared the email, and also tipped off reporters that Thomas had a previous complaint of sexual harassment filed against him.

In 2018, Thomas was sued by a woman identified only as Jane Doe, who had been the victim of a robbery and met Thomas through the Bayview Victim Services office.

The woman accused Thomas of inviting her to his home, where they had sex. Thomas was later dropped as a defendant, and a judge found the county not liable.

In the complaint, Thomas’ attorney, R. Michael Lieberman called the sexual harassment suit “meritless,” but accused the D.A.’s office of pointing reporters to the complaint.

The suit was first reported by the San Francisco Standard .

Contacted by phone, Lieberman declined to comment on the case.

The complaint also claims that the D.A.’s office did not explain in its public statements that the email had been a “wacky email” mistakenly sent, but instead described it as “misogynistic behavior.”

The statements made by the D.A.’s office, the complaint alleges, made Thomas “the object of obloquy and ridicule.”

As a result, Thomas has been unable to find employment since he was laid off, the lawsuit alleges.

More to Read

Anaheim cop accused of raping woman after tracking her from an In-N-Out

July 9, 2024

Diplo accused of distributing revenge porn in new lawsuit

June 27, 2024

L.A. man who sent threatening, antisemitic text messages is sentenced to prison

June 10, 2024

Sign up for Essential California

The most important California stories and recommendations in your inbox every morning.

You may occasionally receive promotional content from the Los Angeles Times.

Salvador Hernandez is a reporter on the Fast Break Desk, the Los Angeles Times’ breaking news team. Before joining the newsroom in 2022, he was a senior reporter for BuzzFeed News, where he covered criminal justice issues, the growing militia movement and breaking news. He also covered crime as a reporter at the Orange County Register. He is a Los Angeles native.

More From the Los Angeles Times

Adjoa Andoh, Lady Danbury on ‘Bridgerton,’ says series still fails to light Black skin properly

Beyoncé gives Kamala Harris the green light to use ‘Freedom’ in presidential campaign

What is ‘surveillance pricing,’ and is it forcing some consumers to pay more? FTC investigates

Entertainment & Arts

Hailey Bieber, soon-to-be mom, ‘didn’t feel good’ hiding her pregnancy for 6 months

Advertisement

Supported by

How Kamala Harris Will Try to Put Trump on Defense

Democrats are eager for her to deploy lines of attack that come more naturally than they did for President Biden, including on issues like abortion rights and the rule of law.

• Share full article

By Nicholas Nehamas and Katie Glueck

Nicholas Nehamas reported from Washington, and Katie Glueck from New York.

From the beginning of President Biden’s ill-fated re-election bid, Democrats struggled to frame the race as a choice between two radically different visions, rather than a referendum on Mr. Biden’s age and abilities.

But now that he has dropped out and Vice President Kamala Harris is cruising toward the Democratic nomination , her party sees fresh opportunities to turn the public’s attention back to the vulnerabilities of former President Donald J. Trump on key issues for voters, including abortion rights, fundamental democratic principles and questions of economic fairness.

Democrats hope that Ms. Harris — a history-making former prosecutor who is nearly two decades younger than Mr. Trump — can draw a sharp new set of contrasts and tap into arguments that were out of reach for Mr. Biden, 81, starting with the issue of age but extending into matters of policy and personality.

That is especially clear on abortion rights. Mr. Biden, a practicing Catholic, has long been uncomfortable discussing the issue, or even saying the word “abortion.” Ms. Harris, by contrast, speaks easily and openly about reproductive health and has held campaign events alongside women sharing their stories of miscarriages, abortions and challenges with fertility.

Republicans, for their part, plan to argue that Ms. Harris still owns the unpopular parts of Mr. Biden’s record, saying that she is also weak on issues like inflation and immigration. Polling has shown Mr. Trump with significant advantages on many of the most important issues for voters, other than abortion rights.

But in interviews, Democrats were eager to make the race about character and experience, noting Ms. Harris’s law enforcement background and Mr. Trump’s litany of legal problems.

We are having trouble retrieving the article content.

Please enable JavaScript in your browser settings.

Thank you for your patience while we verify access. If you are in Reader mode please exit and  log into  your Times account, or  subscribe  for all of The Times.

Thank you for your patience while we verify access.

Already a subscriber?  Log in .

Want all of The Times?  Subscribe .

• Environment
• Science & Technology
• Business & Industry
• Health & Public Welfare
• Topics (CFR Indexing Terms)
• Public Inspection
• Presidential Documents
• Document Search
• Advanced Document Search
• Public Inspection Search
• Reader Aids Home
• Office of the Federal Register Announcements
• Using FederalRegister.Gov
• Understanding the Federal Register
• Recent Site Updates
• Federal Register & CFR Statistics
• Videos & Tutorials
• Developer Resources
• Government Policy and OFR Procedures
• Congressional Review
• My Clipboard
• My Comments
• My Subscriptions
• Sign In / Sign Up
• Site Feedback
• Search the Federal Register

The Federal Register

The daily journal of the united states government.

• Legal Status

This site displays a prototype of a “Web 2.0” version of the daily Federal Register. It is not an official legal edition of the Federal Register, and does not replace the official print version or the official electronic version on GPO’s govinfo.gov.

The documents posted on this site are XML renditions of published Federal Register documents. Each document posted on the site includes a link to the corresponding official PDF file on govinfo.gov. This prototype edition of the daily Federal Register on FederalRegister.gov will remain an unofficial informational resource until the Administrative Committee of the Federal Register (ACFR) issues a regulation granting it official legal status. For complete information about, and access to, our official publications and services, go to About the Federal Register on NARA's archives.gov.

The OFR/GPO partnership is committed to presenting accurate and reliable regulatory information on FederalRegister.gov with the objective of establishing the XML-based Federal Register as an ACFR-sanctioned publication in the future. While every effort has been made to ensure that the material on FederalRegister.gov is accurately displayed, consistent with the official SGML-based PDF version on govinfo.gov, those relying on it for legal research should verify their results against an official edition of the Federal Register. Until the ACFR grants it official status, the XML rendition of the daily Federal Register on FederalRegister.gov does not provide legal notice to the public or judicial notice to the courts.

Self-Regulatory Organizations; Cboe Exchange, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of a Proposed Rule Change To Amend its Fees Schedule

A Notice by the Securities and Exchange Commission on 07/23/2024

Document Details

Information about this document as published in the Federal Register .

Published Document

This document has been published in the Federal Register . Use the PDF linked in the document sidebar for the official electronic format.

Enhanced Content - Table of Contents

This table of contents is a navigational tool, processed from the headings within the legal text of Federal Register documents. This repetition of headings to form internal navigation links has no substantive legal effect.

I. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Terms of Substance of the Proposed Rule Change

Ii. self-regulatory organization's statement of the purpose of, and statutory basis for, the proposed rule change, a. self-regulatory organization's statement of the purpose of, and statutory basis for, the proposed rule change, 2. statutory basis, b. self-regulatory organization's statement on burden on competition, c. self-regulatory organization's statement on comments on the proposed rule change received from members, participants, or others, iii. date of effectiveness of the proposed rule change and timing for commission action, iv. solicitation of comments, electronic comments, paper comments, enhanced content - submit public comment.

• This feature is not available for this document.

Enhanced Content - Read Public Comments

Enhanced content - sharing.

• Email this document to a friend

Enhanced Content - Document Print View

• Print this document

Enhanced Content - Document Tools

These tools are designed to help you understand the official document better and aid in comparing the online edition to the print edition.

These markup elements allow the user to see how the document follows the Document Drafting Handbook that agencies use to create their documents. These can be useful for better understanding how a document is structured but are not part of the published document itself.

Enhanced Content - Developer Tools

This document is available in the following developer friendly formats:.

• JSON: Normalized attributes and metadata
• XML: Original full text XML
• MODS: Government Publishing Office metadata

More information and documentation can be found in our developer tools pages .

Official Content

• View printed version (PDF)

This PDF is the current document as it appeared on Public Inspection on 07/22/2024 at 8:45 am. It was viewed 2 times while on Public Inspection.

If you are using public inspection listings for legal research, you should verify the contents of the documents against a final, official edition of the Federal Register. Only official editions of the Federal Register provide legal notice of publication to the public and judicial notice to the courts under 44 U.S.C. 1503 & 1507 . Learn more here .

Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Act”), [ 1 ] and Rule 19b-4 thereunder, [ 2 ] notice is hereby given that on July 10, 2024, Cboe Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange” or “Cboe Options”) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC” or “Commission”) the proposed rule change as described in Items I, II, and III below, which Items have been prepared by the Exchange. The Commission is publishing this notice to solicit comments on the proposed rule change from interested persons.

Cboe Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange” or “Cboe Options”) proposes to amend its Fees Schedule. The text of the proposed rule change is provided in Exhibit 5.

The text of the proposed rule change is also available on the Exchange's website ( http://www.cboe.com/​AboutCBOE/​CBOELegalRegulatoryHome.aspx ), at the Exchange's Office of the Secretary, and at the Commission's Public Reference Room.

In its filing with the Commission, the Exchange included statements concerning the purpose of and basis for the proposed rule change and discussed any comments it received on the proposed rule change. The text of these statements may be examined at the places specified in Item IV below. The Exchange has prepared summaries, set forth in sections A, B, and C below, of the most significant aspects of such statements.

The Exchange proposes to amend its Fees Schedule. [ 3 ]

The Exchange first notes that it operates in a highly competitive market in which market participants can readily direct order flow to competing venues if they deem fee levels at a particular venue to be excessive or incentives to be insufficient. More specifically, the Exchange is only one of 17 options venues to which market participants may direct their order flow. Based on publicly available information, no single options exchange has more than 13% of the market share. [ 4 ] Thus, in such a low-concentrated and highly competitive market, no single options exchange possesses significant pricing power in the execution of option order flow. The Exchange believes that the ever-shifting market share among the exchanges from month to month demonstrates that market participants can shift order flow or discontinue to reduce use of certain categories of products in response to fee changes. Accordingly, competitive forces constrain the Exchange's transaction fees, and market participants can readily trade on competing venues if they deem pricing levels at those other venues to be more favorable. In response to competitive pricing, the Exchange, like other options exchanges, offers rebates and assesses fees for certain order types executed on or routed through the Exchange.

The Exchange assesses fees in connection with orders routed away to various exchanges. Currently, under the Routing Fees table of the Fees Schedule, fee codes TD, TE, TF, TG, TH and TI are appended to certain Customer orders in ETF and Equity options, as follows:

• fee code TD is appended to Customer orders in ETF options originating on an Exchange-sponsored terminal for greater than or equal to 100 contracts routed to AMEX, BOX, EDGX, MIAX, or PHLX, and assesses a charge of $0.18 per contract;
• fee code TE is appended to Customer orders in ETF/Equity options originating on an Exchange-sponsored terminal for less than 100 contracts Start Printed Page 59789 routed to AMEX, BOX, EDGX, MIAX, PHLX, and assesses no charge per contract;
• fee code TF is appended to Customer orders in ETF, Penny options originating on an Exchange-sponsored terminal for greater than or equal to 100 contracts routed to ARCA, BX, BZX, C2, ISE, GMNI, MERC, EMLD, PERL, NOMX, or MEMX, and assesses a charge of $0.18 per contract;
• fee code TG is appended to Customer orders in ETF, Non-Penny options originating on an Exchange-sponsored terminal for greater than or equal to 100 contracts routed to ARCA, BX, BZX, C2, ISE, GMNI, MERC, EMLD, PERL, NOMX, or MEMX, and assesses $0.18 per contract;
• fee code TH is appended to Customer orders in ETF/Equity, Penny options originating on an Exchange-sponsored terminal for less than 100 contracts routed to ARCA, BX, BZX, C2, ISE, GMNI, MERC, EMLD, PERL, NOMX, or MEMX, and assesses no charge per contract; and
• fee code TI is appended to Customer orders in ETF/Equity, Non-Penny options originating on an Exchange-sponsored terminal for less than 100 contracts routed to ARCA, BX, BZX, C2, ISE, GMNI, MERC, EMLD, PERL, NOMX, or MEMX, and assesses no charge per contract.

The Exchange proposes to remove fee codes TF, TG, TH, and TI and amend fee codes TD and TE to consolidate Customer routing fee codes. Specifically, the Exchange proposes to amend fee code TD to be appended to all Customer orders in ETF options originating on an Exchange-sponsored terminal for greater than or equal to 100 contracts. Similarly, the Exchange proposes to amend fee code TE to be appended to all Customer orders in ETF/Equity options originating on an Exchange-sponsored terminal for less than 100 contracts. The charges assessed per contract for each fee code remain the same under the proposed rule change.

The Exchange notes that its current approach to routing fees is to set forth in a simple manner certain sub-categories of fees that approximate the cost of routing to other options exchanges based on the cost of transaction fees assessed by each venue as well as a flat $0.15 assessment that covers costs to the Exchange for routing ( i.e., clearing fees, connectivity and other infrastructure costs, membership fees, etc.) (collectively, “Routing Costs”). The Exchange then monitors the fees charged as compared to the costs of its routing services and adjusts its routing fees and/or sub-categories to ensure that the Exchange's fees do indeed result in a rough approximation of overall Routing Costs, and are not significantly higher or lower in any area. The Exchange notes that other options exchanges currently assess routing fees in a similar manner to the Exchange. [ 5 ]

The Exchange believes that eliminating fee codes TF, TG, TH, and TI and amending fee codes TD and TE to apply to applicable orders regardless of class or which away exchange the order is being routed to will simplify and streamline the System's billing process for routed Customer orders in ETF and equity options. As a result of the proposed rule change, orders to which TF, TG, TH, and TI are currently applicable may then be absorbed into orders to which TD and TE are currently applicable and the routing fees for Customer orders in ETF and equity options originating on an Exchange-sponsored terminal may be billed as one of two fee codes, instead of six. For example, fee code TI would, prior to this proposal, be appended to Customer orders in ETF/Equity Non-Penny options originating on an Exchange-sponsored terminal for less than 100 contracts routed to ARCA, BX, BZX, C2, ISE, GMNI, MERC, EMLD, PERL, NOMX, or MEMX; under the proposed rule change, fee code TE would be appended to such orders.

Additionally, the Exchange proposes to amend the Regular Trading Hours (“RTH”) XSP Lead Market-Makers (“LMMs”) Incentive Program (the “Program”). By way of background, the Exchange offers several LMM Incentive Programs which provide a rebate to TPHs with LMM appointments to the respective incentive program that meet certain quoting standards in the applicable series in a month. [ 6 ] The Exchange notes that meeting or exceeding the quoting standards in each of the LMM incentive program products to receive the applicable rebate is optional for an LMM appointed to a program. Particularly, an LMM appointed to an incentive program is eligible to receive the corresponding rebate if it satisfies the applicable quoting standards, which the Exchange believes encourages appointed LMMs to provide liquidity in the applicable class and trading session ( i.e., RTH or Global Trading Hours). The Exchange may consider other exceptions to the programs' quoting standards based on demonstrated legal or regulatory requirements or other mitigating circumstances. In calculating whether an LMM appointed to an incentive program meets the applicable program's quoting standards each month, the Exchange excludes from the calculation in that month the business day in which the LMM missed meeting or exceeding the quoting standards in the highest number of the applicable series.

The Exchange proposes to amend the current Program. Currently, the Program provides that if an LMM appointed to the Program provides continuous electronic quotes during RTH that meet or exceed the proposed heightened quoting standards (below) in at least 95% of the series 90% of the time in a given month, the LMM will receive (i) a payment for that month in the amount of $40,000 (or pro-rated amount if an appointment begins after the first trading day of the month or ends prior to the last trading day of the month) and (ii) a rebate of $0.27 per XSP contract that is executed in RTH in Market-Maker capacity and adds liquidity electronically contra to non-customer capacity.

The Exchange now proposes to amend a rebate offered under the Program. As amended, if the LMM meets the requirements of the Program, the LMM will receive (i) a payment for that month in the amount of $40,000 (or pro-rated amount if an appointment begins after the first trading day of the month or ends prior to the last trading day of the month) and (ii) a rebate of $0.09 (rather than $0.27) per XSP contract that is executed in RTH in Market-Maker capacity and adds liquidity electronically contra to non-customer capacity.

Further, the Exchange proposes to amend the heightened quoting requirements offered by the Program. The current heightened quoting requirements are as follows in the table below: Start Printed Page 59790

MoneynessSize (0 to 35 days to expiry)[>3% ITM)5[3% ITM to 2% ITM)5[2% ITM to 0.25% ITM)10[0.25% ITM to ATM)20[ATM to 1% OTM)20[>1% OTM]20

The Exchange proposes to adopt a new set of heightened quoting standards for the Program. The heightened quoting standards proposed for XSP options are as follows in the table below:

Width

Moneyness	Expiring option	1 day	2 days to 5 days	6 days to 14 days	15 days to 35 days
[>3% ITM)	$0.30	$0.30	$0.30	$0.50	$0.75
[3% ITM to 2% ITM)	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.30	0.50
[2% ITM to 0.25% ITM)	0.12	0.12	0.15	0.20	0.30
[0.25% ITM to ATM)	0.06	0.08	0.08	0.12	0.18
[ATM to 1% OTM)	0.03	0.04	0.05	0.06	0.10
[>1% OTM]	0.02	0.03	0.04	0.05	0.06
[>3% ITM)	0.40	0.50	0.60	0.60	1.00
[3% ITM to 2% ITM)	0.25	0.30	0.30	0.35	0.80
[2% ITM to 0.25% ITM)	0.18	0.20	0.25	0.30	0.50
[0.25% ITM to ATM)	0.10	0.12	0.15	0.15	0.25
[ATM to 1% OTM)	0.05	0.06	0.07	0.09	0.10
[>1% OTM]	0.03	0.04	0.05	0.06	0.07

The proposed heightened quoting standards are designed to incentivize LMMs appointed to the Program to provide significant liquidity in XSP options during the RTH session, which, in turn, would provide greater trading opportunities, added market transparency and enhanced price discovery for all market participants in XSP.

The Exchange believes the proposed rule change is consistent with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Act”) and the rules and regulations thereunder applicable to the Exchange and, in particular, the requirements of Section 6(b) of the Act. [ 7 ] Specifically, the Exchange believes the proposed rule change is consistent with the Section 6(b)(5)  [ 8 ] requirements that the rules of an exchange be designed to prevent fraudulent and manipulative acts and practices, to promote just and equitable principles of trade, to foster cooperation and coordination with persons engaged in regulating, clearing, settling, processing information with respect to, and facilitating transactions in securities, to remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open market and a national market system, and, in general, to protect investors and the public interest. Additionally, the Exchange believes the proposed rule change is consistent with the Section 6(b)(5)  [ 9 ] requirement that the rules of an exchange not be designed to permit unfair discrimination between customers, issuers, brokers, or dealers. The Exchange also believes the proposed rule change is consistent with Start Printed Page 59791 Section 6(b)(4) of the Act, [ 10 ] which requires that Exchange rules provide for the equitable allocation of reasonable dues, fees, and other charges among its Trading Permit Holders and other persons using its facilities.

The Exchange believes that the proposed rule change to remove fee codes TF, TG, TH, and TI and amend fee codes TD and TE is reasonable in that it is reasonably designed to simplify and streamline the System's billing process for routed Customer orders in ETF and equity options. As a result of the proposed rule change, orders to which fee codes TF, TG, TH, and TI are currently applicable may then be absorbed into the orders to which fee codes TD and TE are applicable and the routing fees for Customer orders in ETF and equity options originating on an Exchange-sponsored terminal may be billed as one of two fee codes, instead of six.

The Exchange notes that routing through the Exchange is optional and that TPHs will continue to be able to choose where to route their Customer orders in ETF and equity options in the same sub-category group of away exchanges as they currently may choose to route. The Exchange believes that the proposed rule change is equitable and not unfairly discriminatory because TPHs' routed Customer orders in ETF/Equity options will continue to be automatically and uniformly assessed the applicable routing charges.

Additionally, the Exchange believes that it is reasonable to amend the Program's heightened quoting standards, as the proposed new quoting requirements are overall reasonably designed to continue to encourage LMMs appointed to the Program to provide significant liquidity in XSP options, which benefits investors overall by providing more trading opportunities, tighter spreads, and overall enhanced market quality to the benefit of all market participants.

The Exchange believes that the proposed changes to width sizes for the Program's heightened quoting requirements eases the heightened quoting standards in a manner that makes it easier for appointed LMMs to achieve such requirements and will incentivize an increase in quoting activity in XSP options. Particularly, by increasing certain quote widths, the Exchange believes the proposed changes will encourage appointed LMMs to post more aggressive quotes in XSP options, in order to meet the heightened quoting standards, as amended, and receive the rebates offered under the incentive program, resulting in tighter spreads and increased liquidity to the benefits of investors. The Exchange also believes that the proposed width sizes are reasonable because they remain generally aligned with the current heightened standards in the Program, as the proposed width sizes are only marginally changed in order to incentivize an increase in quoting activity.

The Exchange further believes that the proposed rule change to amend a rebate amount received under the program, from $0.27 to $0.09 per XSP contract that is executed in RTH in Market-Maker capacity and adds liquidity electronically contra to non-customer capacity, is reasonable because the rebate, as amended, is an incentive reasonably designed to continue to encourage appointed LMMs to provide liquidity electronically contra to non-customer capacity in XSP options during the trading day. The Exchange notes that LMMs appointed to the Program will continue to receive a monthly rebate and that it is not required to maintain this additional per contract credit incentive.

The Exchange believes that the proposed changes to the Program are equitable and not unfairly discriminatory. Specifically, the changes to the Program will apply equally to any and all TPHs with LMM appointments to the Program that seek to meet the Program's quoting standards in order to receive the rebates offered. The Exchange additionally notes that, if an LMM appointed to the Program does not satisfy the corresponding heightened quoting standard for any given month, then it simply will not receive the rebate offered by the Program for that month.

Regarding the Program generally, the Exchange believes it is reasonable, equitable and not unfairly discriminatory to continue to offer financial incentives to LMMs appointed to the Program, because it benefits all market participants trading in XSP options during RTH. The incentive program encourages the appointed LMMs to satisfy the applicable quoting standards, which may increase liquidity and provide more trading opportunities and tighter spreads. Indeed, the Exchange notes that these LMMs serve a crucial role in providing quotes and the opportunity for market participants to trade XSP options, which can lead to increased volume, providing robust markets. The Exchange ultimately offers the Program, as amended, to sufficiently incentivize LMMs appointed to the Program to provide key liquidity and active markets in the XSP options during RTH and believes that the incentive program, as amended, will continue to encourage increased quoting to add liquidity in XSP options, thereby protecting investors and the public interest. The Exchange also notes that an LMM appointed to an incentive program may undertake added costs each month to satisfy that heightened quoting standards ( e.g., having to purchase additional logical connectivity).

The Exchange does not believe that the proposed rule change will impose any burden on competition that is not necessary or appropriate in furtherance of the purposes of the Act. The Exchange does not believe the proposed rule change to remove certain routing fee codes and to update other routing fee codes accordingly to apply instead, will impose any burden on intramarket competition because all TPHs' routed Customer orders in ETF/Equity options will continue to be able to route to the same sub-category group of away exchanges and will automatically and uniformly be assessed the applicable routing fees. Further, the proposed changes to the Program will apply to all LMMs appointed to the Program in a uniform manner. To the extent these LMMs appointed to an incentive program receive a benefit that other market participants do not, as stated, these LMMs in their role as Market-Makers on the Exchange have different obligations and are held to different standards. For example, Market-Makers play a crucial role in providing active and liquid markets in their appointed products, thereby providing a robust market which benefits all market participants. Such Market-Makers also have obligations and regulatory requirements that other participants do not have. The Exchange also notes that an LMM appointed to an incentive program may undertake added costs each month to satisfy that heightened quoting standards ( e.g., having to purchase additional logical connectivity). The Exchange also notes that the incentive programs are designed to attract additional order flow to the Exchange, wherein greater liquidity benefits all market participants by providing more trading opportunities, tighter spreads, and added market transparency and price discovery, and signals to other market participants to direct their order flow to those markets, thereby contributing to robust levels of liquidity. As a result, the Exchange believes that the proposed change furthers the Commission's goal in Start Printed Page 59792 adopting Regulation NMS of fostering competition among orders, which promotes “more efficient pricing of individual stocks for all types of orders, large and small.”  [ 11 ]

The Exchange does not believe that the proposed rule changes in connection with routing fees will impose any burden on intermarket competition that is not necessary or appropriate in furtherance of the purposes of the Act because, as previously discussed, the Exchange operates in a highly competitive market. The Exchange notes that, in addition to Cboe Options, TPHs have numerous alternative venues that they may participate on and direct their order flow, including 16 other options exchanges and off-exchange venues. Additionally, the Exchange represents a small percentage of the overall market. Based on publicly available information, no single options exchange has more than 13% of the market share. [ 12 ] Therefore, no exchange possesses significant pricing power in the execution of option order flow. Indeed, participants can readily choose to send their orders to other exchange and off-exchange venues if they deem fee levels at those other venues to be more favorable. Moreover, the Commission has repeatedly expressed its preference for competition over regulatory intervention in determining prices, products, and services in the securities markets. Specifically, in Regulation NMS, the Commission highlighted the importance of market forces in determining prices and SRO revenues and, also, recognized that current regulation of the market system “has been remarkably successful in promoting market competition in its broader forms that are most important to investors and listed companies.”  [ 13 ] The fact that this market is competitive has also long been recognized by the courts. In NetCoalition v. Securities and Exchange Commission , the D.C. Circuit stated as follows: “[n]o one disputes that competition for order flow is `fierce.' . . . As the SEC explained, `[i]n the U.S. national market system, buyers and sellers of securities, and the broker-dealers that act as their order-routing agents, have a wide range of choices of where to route orders for execution'; [and] `no exchange can afford to take its market share percentages for granted' because `no exchange possesses a monopoly, regulatory or otherwise, in the execution of order flow from broker dealers' . . . .”. [ 14 ] Accordingly, the Exchange does not believe its proposed fee change imposes any burden on competition that is not necessary or appropriate in furtherance of the purposes of the Act.

The Exchange neither solicited nor received comments on the proposed rule change.

The foregoing rule change has become effective pursuant to Section 19(b)(3)(A) of the Act  [ 15 ] and paragraph (f) of Rule 19b-4  [ 16 ] thereunder. At any time within 60 days of the filing of the proposed rule change, the Commission summarily may temporarily suspend such rule change if it appears to the Commission that such action is necessary or appropriate in the public interest, for the protection of investors, or otherwise in furtherance of the purposes of the Act. If the Commission takes such action, the Commission will institute proceedings to determine whether the proposed rule change should be approved or disapproved.

Interested persons are invited to submit written data, views, and arguments concerning the foregoing, including whether the proposed rule change is consistent with the Act. Comments may be submitted by any of the following methods:

• Use the Commission's internet comment form ( https://www.sec.gov/​rules/​sro.shtml ); or
• Send an email to [email protected] . Please include file number SR-CBOE-2024-032 on the subject line.
• Send paper comments in triplicate to Secretary, Securities and Exchange Commission, 100 F Street NE, Washington, DC 20549-1090.

All submissions should refer to file number SR-CBOE-2024-032. This file number should be included on the subject line if email is used. To help the Commission process and review your comments more efficiently, please use only one method. The Commission will post all comments on the Commission's internet website ( https://www.sec.gov/​rules/​sro.shtml ). Copies of the submission, all subsequent amendments, all written statements with respect to the proposed rule change that are filed with the Commission, and all written communications relating to the proposed rule change between the Commission and any person, other than those that may be withheld from the public in accordance with the provisions of 5 U.S.C. 552 , will be available for website viewing and printing in the Commission's Public Reference Room, 100 F Street NE, Washington, DC 20549 on official business days between the hours of 10 a.m. and 3 p.m. Copies of the filing also will be available for inspection and copying at the principal office of the Exchange. Do not include personal identifiable information in submissions; you should submit only information that you wish to make available publicly. We may redact in part or withhold entirely from publication submitted material that is obscene or subject to copyright protection. All submissions should refer to file number SR-CBOE-2024-032, and should be submitted on or before August 13, 2024.

For the Commission, by the Division of Trading and Markets, pursuant to delegated authority. [ 17 ]

Vanessa A. Countryman,

1.   15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1) .

2.   17 CFR 240.19b-4 .

3.  The Exchange initially filed the proposed fee changes on July 1, 2024 (SR-CBOE-2024-029). On July 10, 2024, the Exchange withdrew that filing and submitted this proposal.

4.   See Cboe Global Markets U.S. Options Monthly Market Volume Summary (June 27, 2024), available at https://markets.cboe.com/​us/​options/​market_​statistics/​ .

5.   See e.g., MIAX Options Exchange Fee Schedule, Section 1(c), “Fees for Customer Orders Routed to Another Options Exchange.”

6.   See Exchange Rule 3.55(a). In advance of the LMM Incentive Program effective date, the Exchange will send a notice to solicit applications from interested TPHs for the LMM role and will, from among those applications, select the program LMMs. Factors to be considered by the Exchange in selecting LMMs include adequacy of capital, experience in trading options, presence in the trading crowd, adherence to Exchange rules and ability to meet the obligations specified in Rule 5.55.

7.   15 U.S.C. 78f(b) .

8.   15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5) .

9.   Id.

10.   15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(4) .

11.   See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 51808, 70 FR 37495 , 37498-99 (June 29, 2005) (S7-10-04) (Final Rule).

12.   See supra note 4.

13.   See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 51808 (June 9, 2005), 70 FR 37496 , 37499 (June 29, 2005).

14.   NetCoalition v. SEC , 615 F.3d 525, 539 (D.C. Cir. 2010) (quoting Securities Exchange Act Release No. 59039 (December 2, 2008), 73 FR 74770 , 74782-83 (December 9, 2008) (SR-NYSEArca-2006-21)).

15.   15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(3)(A) .

16.   17 CFR 240.19b-4(f) .

17.   17 CFR 200.30-3(a)(12) .

[ FR Doc. 2024-16108 Filed 7-22-24; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 8011-01-P

• Executive Orders

Reader Aids

Information.

• About This Site
• Accessibility
• No Fear Act
• Continuity Information