fitness event essay

152 Fitness Essay Topics to Write about & Examples

Looking for the most popular fitness topics to write about? Find them here! This list contains only the best essay questions about physical fitness, topic ideas for presentation, trending gym essay topics, and research titles. Check them out below!

🔝 Top 10 Fitness Topics to Write About

🏆 best fitness topic ideas & essay examples, 👍 good essay topics on fitness, 💡 interesting topics to write about fitness, ❓ essay questions about physical fitness, 🔥 popular gym essay topics to write about, ✅ health and fitness topics to write about.

• Evaluation of Popular Workouts
• Best Fitness Apps and Wearable Devices
• How to Create a Personalized Fitness Plan
• How Physical Activity Can Reduce Stress
• The Role of Nutrition in Achieving Fitness
• How Social Media Influences Fitness Culture
• Benefits of Regular Exercise on Mental Health
• How to Maintain Fitness and Mobility in Later Life
• Strength Training and Its Importance for Overall Fitness
• What Is the Link Between Fitness and Productivity?
• Importance of Physical Fitness Although swimming might fall under the banner of sports, most people swim to relax in the water and have a good time, and can exercise their body at the same time.
• Externalities Environment and Analysis for Australian Fitness Industry In addition, the report also analyses the main forces that determine the attractiveness of a fitness industry or otherwise the industrial economic perspective of the fitness industry.
• Physical Fitness in Aviation Aviation is an aspect that highly depends on the judgment of the people on the crew and the pilot for any outcome therefore, necessitating the importance of one to be careful with the health state […]
• Business Plan – Fitness Center The aim of this business is to curb the burgeoning problem of a sedentary lifestyle in Saudi Arabia. Close to 30% of the population fall within the criteria, the fitness center is interested in.
• Business Plan of ABC Fitness Center In the content of advertise, the ABC center will highlight the positive sites, emphasis on the importance of fitness center in public health, environment of this center, and the advantages of the membership.
• Zumba Fitness Strategic Business Plan Because of a communication error between Zumba business owners and Crunch gyms, the Zumba business ended up losing a lot of time and money in legal negotiations concerning the rights of the songs used in […]
• Fitness and Its Importance for Health In the multi-tasking world of the 21st century, Every person is expected to be some sort of super being who can manage to function on very little to no sleep in order to perform in […]
• Fitness Trends: Group Exercising Provides Better Results Physical exercise is essential for the well being of the individual. The benefits of exercise are more comprehensive than simply physical gains.
• Fitness for Use in Operation Management From this perspective, the notion of fitness for use is important when customers draw conclusions about usability of products and services because personal needs are different, and the quality and fitness of the product or […]
• The Positive Effects of Physical Fitness It is essential to understand the components that contribute to proper training to ensure that the chosen program presents benefits. The factor impacts both the heart functioning and the metabolism of an individual.
• The Benefits of Fitness for Physical and Mental Health It is necessary to mention that I have been able to improve my sleep schedule and its quality because of exercise.
• Fitness Australia Organization Integrated Marketing Communication About 10 million people who need this sort of therapy and numbers of adult citizen of the country are classified as “clinically obese” for having the notable impact of stress and disability at a larger […]
• Fitness and Sport Learning Most of the theoretical and practical perspectives during the course have expanded my outlook on the role of sport in my life, as well as how it can enhance my professional fulfillment.
• Bally Total Fitness: Sports Organizations Industry Once the Bally Fitness Center’s position was improved, the company used an acquisition strategy to expand and strengthen its hold in the industry.
• A Personalized Fitness Program for a 3-Month Period The type of exercise undertaken may vary with individuals but in all cases, the big muscles of the body like the biceps and triceps muscles should be involved in the exercise as they make the […]
• Marketing Law Issues in the Fitness Industry For instance, the marketing campaign of the fitness program may include claims of the advantage in time of achieving certain results.
• The La Fitness Centre: Competition Effects on Performance The La Fitness Centre is one of the renowned fitness centres in the Hatfield region. RO4: To purchase and modify the facilities to enable the La Fitness Centre to be competitive in the market.
• Planet Fitness: Strategic Positioning According to the Porter’s Model This focus is the first compromise that Planet Fitness made, deliberately moving away from catering to affluent customers with high demands on the gym and the level of service.
• Physical Fitness Training Programs for Athletes In summary, the article provides a general guideline for athletes to build muscle and improve performance by focusing on compound exercises, progressive overload, core strength, and flexibility.
• Health and Fitness: Developing a Healthy Community The overall health, physical development, emotional health, and social and emotional maturation of young people can all be impacted by substance use.
• Negligence Area in Gyms: Fitness Center Business Sustainability In some cases, due to factors such as the cost of purchasing them, people may opt to improvise them and therefore ignore the standards required.
• The True Fitness Company’s Interventions in Singapore In 2019, the company opened the largest commercial fitness center in Singapore at the Millenia Walk to meet the growing fitness and wellness services demand.
• Identifying Proper Fitness Resources This online resource serves as a collection of fitness and nutrition advice, as well as posts news related to the well-being industry.
• Horned Melon: The Role in Promoting Health and Fitness The presence of dietary fiber in horned melon is beneficial to the digestion process. In conclusion, weight reduction is one of the strategies people use to maintain their fitness and live healthily.
• A Get-Real Guide to Building Mental Fitness in Sport and Life Fitzgerald tells stories of how athletes have had to return to the profession, facing the difficult stages of accepting their injuries and finding ways to cope.
• Army Soldier’s Fitness in the US and Saudi Arabia In the problem section, the inability of the Army to educate its subjects, along with some of the general trends regarding physical fitness in the US, Saudi Arabia, and the world’s militaries.
• Promoting Wellbeing in Homeless People: Group Fitness Intervention The authors of this article conducted the study to give insight into the importance of considering homeless people in the society they belong. The importance of the study was to encourage people to have inclusivity […]
• Fitness and Health Workforce Programs The first was the control group, used to compare results to the rest. This article can be used to inform the study about the potential options of intervention and affecting the target population.
• Gyms and Fitness Clubs’ Operation During the Covid-19 The best way to prevent the spread of COVID-19 is to take measures and create the necessary conditions for maintaining the health of both customers of fitness clubs and their employees.
• COVID-19 Influence on Fitness Industry For this reason, the aim of our study will be to examine the changes in sports habits of people, as well as their intention to visit fitness centers in the near future.
• E-Marketing Plan for Fast Fitness Since e- marketing is the procedure of business communication and value generation for the target customers with the purpose to establishing relationship with them and gaining profit from the venture.
• Budget for a Health and Fitness Program Medical practitioners have been and should be in the forefront of catering for the health needs of society as a whole as seen in the codes and ethos outlined in the practice e.g.the Hippocratic Oath.
• Infant Nutrition and Fitness Infancy is a critical stage in life since a person establishes healthy consumption patterns.This patterns can lead to the infants acquiring optimal growth and healthy development.
• Nutritional Needs of an Older Adult: Lifecycle Nutrition and Fitness As a rule, female nutritional needs are considerably lower than the ones of a man unless a woman is pregnant. Men also tend to have a considerably higher calorie requirement.
• Fitness First Company Analysis The importance of operations management in forecasting is essential in the fitness industry, where there is the threat of the changes in demand and the newsvendor challenge.
• Management Processes and Supply Chain in Fitness Plus According to the owners in the case research, as the popularity of fitness and health grew, so did the need for more people to register for membership at the club.
• Olympus Strength and Power Fitness Center’s Business Plan This is a prime location within the outskirts of the Aston metropolitan area and provides a serene, spacious environment for would-be patrons of the gym.
• Promotional Strategy for a Chain of Fitness Centers To attract the audience, these people should recite the message that First Fitness could help to “look like this” with a sense of humor.
• Small Business Idea for Fitness Workout Gym The advantages and disadvantages of the four different forms of business organization, which include the following: The business is very easy to form considering that no legal requirements are required, except a business license.
• Developing a Fitness Program The training will involve an extensive warm-up, a gradual increase of the load, and isolated joint exercises for avoiding inaccurate movements.
• Hillingdon Country House Fitness Centre Unfair Standard Terms According to the Office of Fair Trading, “a standard term is unfair if it creates a significant imbalance in the parties rights and obligations under the contract, to the detriment of the consumer, contrary to […]
• Exercise and Health Promotion: Chandler Fitness Center I came to recognize that the objectives and the philosophy of the facility were to change people’s lives through fitness enhancement.
• Nutrition and Fitness to Raise Healthy Children Ohio Action for Healthy Kids wants to establish a county-wide obesity prevention program for children ages 8-12 and requests a grant of $56,600 to meet this goal.
• The Development of a Web Portal Solution for Jupiter Fitness Center The portal will provide the customers of the company more value for the services received, which is expected to contribute to their retention and give the company a competitive advantage.
• The Brain Fitness Exercises Having said that we have a dependency also indicates that there is a certain part of our body that we tend to use a lot less because of it.
• Bally Total Fitness Accounting The portion of the one-time enrolment fee attributable to the periods occurring beyond the year of receipt should be reflected in the books of the company at the close of the respective accounting period as […]
• Benefits of Exercise and Importance of Overall Fitness Being in the best of health means more than the absence of illness. The American Heart Association recommends keeping track of body composition: how much of your body are fat, bone, and muscle.
• Genetic Basis of Fitness Differences in Natural Populations In the article to summarize, the authors recognized that one way genomics affect biology is the possibility of identifying and studying how the characteristics affecting fitness, a key issue in natural selection, are genetically based.
• Health and Fitness Workout Plan When I created my blog, I used this information to develop the plan and decide how I would explain my meal choices.
• Teaching Styles: Fitness Director Therefore, the paper aims to discuss the application of the command style, the practice style, and the divergent production as applied to the profession of a fitness director to demonstrate their usefulness for this specialist’s […]
• A Comparative Study of Mental Health Between Players and Non Players In this context, the International Journal of Sports Sciences and Fitness published a study titled “A comparative study of mental health status between players and non-players” to foster awareness regarding the importance of sports activities […]
• Fitness and Health Operations as the Chance of Improving Health The programs should be designed in a way that in the end, the customers can be able to see the results or some change as the program goes on.
• Motivation Through Holistic Fitness: A Cost-Benefit Analysis Specifically, the costs involved in the process will be discussed, and the projected profitability will be assumed. Since I will increase my team members’ motivation, I expect to receive at least a 20% increase in […]
• Employee Motivation Through Holistic Fitness By promoting the emotional, mental, spiritual, and physical fitness of the staff, I will be able to increase their productivity and dedication.
• Motivation Through Holistic Fitness: A Risk Analysis Prior to implementing the holistic fitness idea within the organization, it is necessary to conduct a risk analysis of the planned project. Hence, the primary risk of the plan is the resistance of employees to […]
• The Concept of Army Combat Fitness Test There is complex and dynamic nature of the modern military and combat activity of the army and navy, the use of the latest information technologies, weapons and military equipment, and the country’s security interests.
• Issues With the Army Combat Fitness Test and Why They Should Be Fixed This paper will review the drawbacks of the ACFT, including inadequate requirements for women, injuries associated with the test, the increased complexity of the trial, and the necessity to complete the two-mile run.
• The Relevance of the Army Combat Fitness Test for the U.S. Army The new Army Combat Fitness Test will be implemented by October 2020 and is considered as a better concept to forecast a soldier’s readiness for the pressure one will encounter on the modern battlefield.
• Anytime Fitness vs. Jetts Firm’s Business Model The paper also analyses the business models of the two firms to determine the firm with a better business model. This is probably one of the strengths of the business that has enabled it to […]
• Fitness Training Programs for Men and Women The reason for assessment of client’s fitness is that by acknowledging needs of Steve, the trainer will be able to elaborate a dedicated workout plan.
• Fitness Marketing Programs: Key Issues First, the word “guaranteed” is prone to misinterpretation: while the results obviously depend on the human factor, such as the persistence of the customers, the wording of the advertisement will likely be ruled out as […]
• Fitness and Health Terms Definition Health denotes a condition of total physical, psychological, and social welfare and not just the absence of sickness or frailty while fitness represents the capacity to satisfy the requirements of the environment.
• Saudi Arabian Spinning Studio in Fitness Industry The trainers will ensure that the clients are safe when they are in the studio and that all the rules and guidelines are followed strictly.
• Cardiovascular Fitness Effect on the Rate of Heart Beat The rate of the heart beating is also called the pulse rate and simply refers to the speed at which the heart pumps blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body for […]
• The Benefit of Personal Fitness The importance of sports for the promotion of fitness and making one a better, more fulfilled person suggests both an explanation and a justification for the current and growing popularity of sports.
• China’s Leading Companies Ethical Fitness The mention of corporate ethical responsibility in any part of China naturally draws attention to Adidas and Apple Inc.that had histories of child labor in the country.
• Fitness First Clubs Management and Strategy The main accents in the company are made on attracting the members to the clubs because of the company’s activity which is the leader in providing such kind of service.
• Australian Fitness Industry Marketing Analysis The industry needs to have fitness programs designed specifically for different segments of the market. Hence, the industry should collaborate with the media to make these programs core to the lives of Australians.
• Saudi Arabia Fitness Centre: Company Description The main promoters of the fitness centre comprise of a group of young individuals who are advocating on the importance of healthy living.
• Fitness First Clubs Strategies The development of the training programs meets the company’s orientation on the effective structure and rivalry and the peculiarities of market domination model according to which the work of managers is organized.
• Fitness Express Company: Progress and Problems The validation outcomes are promising to lead to increased interest of the owner to explore the business and results of the project.
• Fitness Express Ltd Business Plan Fitness and sporting market continues to grow in Australia and New Zealand. The vision of the company is premised on delivering fitness and sporting gears to customers as quickly and efficiently as possible in […]
• Fitness Obsession and Its Causes Apart from that, physical attractiveness is one of the factors that can contribute to their success in various areas of life.
• Analysis of the Fitness First Health and Fitness Centre The purpose of starting the club was to provide health and fitness training services to people belonging to different age groups and income levels under the directorship of the co-founders.
• Healthcare Issues: LA Fitness for Students and Healthy Living Through Fitness Programs Inclusion of sports and physical exercise classes in learning institutions justifies the significance of exercise to students. LA Fitness has physical exercise programs that are cost-friendly to college students.
• 24 Hour Fitness Worldwide Inc. Implementation Plan 24 Hour Fitness Worldwide Inc.is based in California and was established in the year 1983 for the purposes of providing fitness services to the population.
• Business Plan for Star Fitness Center Those living and working in the city will have the opportunity to use the facility that is equipped with the latest technology for body fitness.
• Strategic Management in Bally Total Fitness These were like friends’ opinions and recommendation, the nature of the place regarding the cleanliness standards, nature and friendliness of the staff, the consistent persuasiveness of marketers and sales pitches, and the convenience and location […]
• Academic Achievement and Physical Fitness This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge, which identifies that there is a positive correlation between physical fitness and academic achievement.
• Fitness Shoes Marketing Strategy The company’s location in China has created many issues and changes in the company due to the laws and regulations, global changes, data protection and the legislation of the country.
• Body Fitness and Health Yuill and Barry argues that “both male and female do different types of exercises so that they can acquire their preferred body shapes and due to complex social relations, especially in the universities, females are […]
• Ethics and Professional Standards of Fitness Gym One area where ethics and professional responsibility apply to fitness gym is in the relationship between the trainer and the client in the gym.
• Marketing program for a health and fitness club It is the responsibility of the marketing agency of the company to investigate what goes on in the mind of the customers.
• The Impact of a Fitness Intervention on People with Developmental and Intellectual Disabilities This is one of the issues that should be singled out. This is one of the issues that should be considered.
• Fit and Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness In particular, the authors of the book tried to explain the causes of major diseases and to describe the necessary sport activities to prevent and overcome them.hey expressed the medical point of view in the […]
• Recreational Therapy: Fitness Impact on the Disabled The quarterly description has six basic components that guide recreational therapists in providing care and are entered in the patient’s chart: the goal of the treatment/intervention; the intervention plan; the RT practitioner’s views on the […]
• Strategies for 24 Hour Fitness However, each of the three kinds of value discipline relies on the type of service or product provided by the organization as well as the culture maintained by the given organization.
• Physical Fitness and Sport Policy in the Cold War Johnson presidential administration shifted the priorities in the sports national policy and vision of sports rivalry in the United States.”Addressing the subject in terms of federal initiatives during the 1960s, this article will argue that […]
• Fitness for Life: Program Analysis This condition prompted Lincoln University to introduce a ‘Fitness for life Program’, which endeavors to, peg physical fitness of students to academic merit in the attainment of diplomas.
• Fitness and Performance in Aviation The physical fitness and vigorous health of aviation workers are critical aspects in their performance, in aviation, because of the nature of some of their jobs that may be physically demanding.
• The Genesis Fitness Club The use of the website for information management also serve as an advantage since the company expenses due to the reduced number of personnel required as well as expenses required for stationeries and this in […]
• How Can Fitness Overcome Fast Food?
• What Does Your Fitness Assessment Tell You?
• Does Cardiorespiratory Fitness Influence the Effect of Acute Aerobic Exercise on Executive Function?
• How Can Fitness Clubs Leverage Social Media?
• Can Exercise Increase Fitness and Reduce Weight in Patients With Schizophrenia and Depression?
• How Do Health and Fitness Facilities Affect Communities?
• Does Cardiorespiratory Fitness Buffer Stress Reactivity and Stress Recovery in Police Officers?
• How Are Consumers Convinced That It Is Necessary to Take Fitness?
• Why Is Fitness Important in Our Daily Life?
• Does Fitness Bring People Together?
• How Does Physical Fitness Improve the Quality of Your Life?
• Does Higher Physical Fitness Protect Master Athletes From Consequences of COVID-19 Infection?
• How Reliable Are Wearable Fitness Tracking Devices?
• Does Physical Fitness Improve Academic Success?
• How Does Exercise Reduce Stress?
• What Can Regular Fitness Do for You?
• Do Warm-up Exercises Play a Role in Developing the Physical Fitness of Players?
• Is Physical Fitness Training Beneficial or Dangerous for Stroke Patients?
• In What Cases Are There Increases in Physical Activity but No Measurable Gains in Physical Fitness?
• Can Physical Fitness Impact Your Research Capabilities?
• Is There a Correlation Between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and the Incidence of Sudden Cardiac Death in Athletes?
• How to Assess the Stamina and Physical Fitness of an Individual?
• Is There a Difference Between Physical Activity and Physical Fitness?
• Can Yoga Enhance Both Mental and Physical Fitness?
• How Important Is It to Stick to a Routine for Maintaining Health?
• What Is the Importance of Fitness in Life?
• How Does Physical Activity Affect Your Fitness?
• Why Is Fitness Important to You as a Student?
• How Do You Stay Fit and Healthy?
• Why Are Fitness Standards Higher Than Health Standards?
• Pros and Cons of Regular Gym Attendance
• Effective Practices for Gym Safety and Injury Prevention
• Personal Trainers’ Role in Achieving Fitness Goals
• The Psychology of Gym Motivation: How to Overcome Barriers
• Social and Psychological Benefits of Group Fitness Classes
• Pros and Cons of Working Out at Home Instead of Gyms
• Gym Etiquette for a Positive Workout Environment
• How Gym Design and Atmosphere Influence Workout Experience
• Technological Advancements and Innovative Fitness Concepts
• The Evolution of Gym Culture from Greek Gymnasiums to Modern Fitness Centers
• Hydration and its Impact on Exercise
• Fitness for Different Age Groups
• Aerobic Exercise for Cardiovascular Fitness
• Pros and Cons High-Intensity Interval Training
• Why Physical Activity Is Important for Overall Health
• Nutrition and Fitness: How Diet Can Enhance the Effect of Exercise
• Exercise for Building Muscles and Increasing Bone Density
• How Stretching and Yoga Increase Flexibility and Mobility
• The Link Between Quality Rest and Exercise Performance
• Mindfulness, Yoga, and Meditation: Holistic Approaches to Health
• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

IvyPanda. (2024, February 24). 152 Fitness Essay Topics to Write about & Examples. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/fitness-essay-topics/

"152 Fitness Essay Topics to Write about & Examples." IvyPanda , 24 Feb. 2024, ivypanda.com/essays/topic/fitness-essay-topics/.

IvyPanda . (2024) '152 Fitness Essay Topics to Write about & Examples'. 24 February.

IvyPanda . 2024. "152 Fitness Essay Topics to Write about & Examples." February 24, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/fitness-essay-topics/.

1. IvyPanda . "152 Fitness Essay Topics to Write about & Examples." February 24, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/fitness-essay-topics/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "152 Fitness Essay Topics to Write about & Examples." February 24, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/fitness-essay-topics/.

• Yoga Questions
• Dance Essay Ideas
• Weight Loss Essay Titles
• Basketball Topics
• Metabolism Research Topics
• Baseball Topics
• Golf Topics
• Bicycle Research Topics
• Diet Essay Topics
• Performance Essay Topics
• Nike Topics
• Anatomy Ideas
• Health Promotion Research Topics
• Adidas Topics
• Hip Hop Essay Topics

Essay on Physical Fitness

Students are often asked to write an essay on Physical Fitness in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Physical Fitness

What is physical fitness.

Physical fitness is about having a body that can do many activities without getting too tired. It means your heart, muscles, and bones are strong. When you are fit, you can run, jump, and play without feeling out of breath quickly.

Why is Fitness Important?

Being fit is good for your health. It helps you stay away from sickness. Kids who are fit can focus better in school. It also makes you feel happy and gives you more energy to enjoy life.

How to Get Fit

To get fit, you should be active. Run, swim, or play sports. Also, eat healthy foods like fruits, vegetables, and grains. Drink plenty of water and sleep well to help your body grow strong.

Staying Safe While Exercising

When you exercise, it’s important to be safe. Wear the right shoes and clothes. Start slow and learn the right way to move. Always listen to your body and rest if you feel pain or are very tired.

Also check:

• Paragraph on Physical Fitness
• Speech on Physical Fitness

250 Words Essay on Physical Fitness

Physical fitness means being in good health and shape. It’s when your body can do activities like running, jumping, and playing games without getting too tired quickly. Being fit is important for everyone, no matter how old they are. It helps us stay strong and healthy.

Parts of Physical Fitness

There are two main parts of being fit: aerobic fitness and muscle strength. Aerobic fitness is about how well your heart and lungs work when you exercise. When you can run for a long time without stopping, that’s good aerobic fitness. Muscle strength is when your muscles can lift things or do work without getting tired fast.

Why Being Fit Matters

Being fit is great for your body. It helps you not get sick often and can make you feel happier. When you’re fit, you can play with your friends and not feel like you need to stop and rest all the time. It also means you might not get hurt as often.

Getting fit can be fun. You can play sports, dance, swim, or even just go for walks. Eating healthy foods like fruits and vegetables helps too. It’s important to exercise a few times a week and not sit around too much.

Staying Fit

Once you’re fit, you have to keep exercising to stay that way. It’s like a game where you have to keep practicing to be good at it. Remember to stay active and eat well, and being fit will become a part of your life.

500 Words Essay on Physical Fitness

Physical fitness is about keeping your body in good shape. It means having the energy and strength to do daily activities without getting too tired. Just like a car needs fuel and a good engine to run smoothly, your body needs healthy food and exercise to work well.

Why is Being Fit Important?

Being fit is key to a happy and healthy life. When you are fit, you can play, run, and do your school work better. Your body fights off sickness easier, and you feel good about yourself. It’s not just about how you look; it’s about taking care of your body so that it can take care of you.

Types of Fitness

Fitness is not just one thing. There are different types, like strength, which lets you lift things; endurance, which is the power to keep going without stopping; flexibility, which helps you move your body in different ways; and balance, which keeps you from falling. Doing a mix of activities that help all these areas is the best way to stay fit.

Getting fit can be fun. You can play sports like soccer or basketball, swim, dance, or even just walk or bike around your neighborhood. It’s important to find activities you enjoy so that you will keep doing them. Try to move your body for at least an hour every day. This doesn’t have to be all at once; it can be spread out through the day.

Eating Right

Eating healthy foods helps your fitness too. Imagine your body is like a plant. Plants need water and good soil to grow. Your body needs healthy food and water to grow strong and stay fit. Eat plenty of fruits, vegetables, grains, and proteins, and drink lots of water. Try to eat less junk food, which is like giving your plant the wrong kind of soil.

Rest and Sleep

Rest is just as important as exercise. Your body needs to sleep and take breaks to rebuild and get ready for the next day. Make sure you get enough sleep each night. This helps your body heal and gives you the energy to be active and fit.

Staying Motivated

Sometimes it’s hard to stay on track with fitness. Setting goals can help. Maybe you want to be able to run a mile without stopping or learn a new sport. Write down your goals and how you plan to reach them. Celebrate when you meet them, and set new ones.

Physical fitness is a big part of a healthy life. It keeps your body strong and gives you the energy to do all the things you love. Remember, being fit isn’t just about how you look. It’s about taking good care of your body by moving around, eating well, resting, and setting goals to keep yourself motivated. Start taking steps towards being fit today, and your body will thank you for years to come.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

• Essay on Physical Development
• Essay on Physical Bullying
• Essay on Physical Activity

Apart from these, you can look at all the essays by clicking here .

Happy studying!

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Health and Fitness Essay for Students and Children

500+ words essay on health and fitness.

We have always heard the word ‘health’ and ‘fitness’. We use it ourselves when we say phrases like ‘health is wealth’ and ‘fitness is the key’. What does the word health really mean? It implies the idea of ‘being well’. We call a person healthy and fit when he/she function well physically as well as mentally.

Factors Affecting our Health and Fitness

Good health and fitness is not something which one can achieve entirely on our own. It depends on their physical environment and the quality of food intake. We live in villages, towns, and cities.

In such places, even our physical environment affects our health. Therefore, our social responsibility of pollution-free environment directly affects our health. Our day-to-day habits also determine our fitness level. The quality of food, air, water all helps in building our fitness level.

Role of Nutritious Diet on our Health and Fitness

The first thing about where fitness starts is food. We should take nutritious food. Food rich in protein, vitamins, minerals, and carbohydrates is very essential. Protein is necessary for body growth. Carbohydrates provide the required energy in performing various tasks. Vitamin and minerals help in building bones and boosting our immune system.

However, taking food in uneven quantity is not good for the body. Taking essential nutrients in adequate amount is called a balanced diet. Taking a balanced diet keep body and mind strong and healthy. Good food helps in better sleep, proper brain functioning and healthy body weight.

Include vegetables, fruits, and pulses in daily diet. One must have a three-course meal. Having roughage helps in cleaning inner body organs. Healthy food habit prevents various diseases. Reducing the amount of fat in the diet prevents cholesterol and heart diseases.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Impact of Exercise on our Health

Routine exercise helps improve our muscle power. Exercise helps in good oxygen supply and blood flow throughout the body. Heart and lungs work efficiently. Our bones get strong and joints have the pain free movement.

We should daily spend at least twenty minutes in our exercise. Daily morning walk improves our fitness level. We should avoid strenuous Gym activities. Exercise burns our fat and controls the cholesterol level in the body. Various outdoor games like cricket, football, volleyball, etc keeps our body fit. Regular exercise maintains our body shape.

Meditation, Yoga, and Health

Meditation and yoga are part of our life from ancient time. They not only make us physically fit but mentally strong as well. Meditation improves our concentration level. Our mind gets relaxed and thinking becomes positive.

A healthy mind is key for a healthy body. Yoga makes us stressfree and improves the endurance power of the mind. Yoga controls our blood pressure. With yoga, a strong bond with nature is established. Meditation is considered the best way to fight depression.

A person stays happier when he/she is fit and healthy. A fit and healthy person is less prone to chronic diseases. The healthy mind reacts better in a pressure situation. The self-confidence of a person is increased. Risk of heart failure is reduced drastically. With the increased immunity power body could fight cancerous cells. The intensity of the fracture is decreased with regular exercise.

Customize your course in 30 seconds

Which class are you in.

• Travelling Essay
• Picnic Essay
• Our Country Essay
• My Parents Essay
• Essay on Favourite Personality
• Essay on Memorable Day of My Life
• Essay on Knowledge is Power
• Essay on Gurpurab
• Essay on My Favourite Season
• Essay on Types of Sports

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Download the App

• Entertainment
• Environment
• Information Science and Technology
• Social Issues

Home Essay Samples Life

Essay Samples on Fitness

The transformative power of fitness: embracing a balanced and fulfilling lifestyle.

What is fitness for you? What does it mean to have a fit lifestyle? For some people, fitness is just a way to keep their body well-balanced or to get the right weight according to their body mass index, but fitness is much more than...

• Physical Exercise

How the Gym Influences Fitness

A primary concern that both men and women share is how they care about their physical appearance. Gym members believe they have to represent a particular image to be attractive in today’s society. Women are expected to be curvy and thin, while men are expected...

World Record of the Fastest Tennis Ball Hit

Tennis has been known as a game of inches, kings, game of lifetime…. It is incredible even today with its outstanding players, known with their incredible shots. Novak Djokovic is famous for his crazy shots from baseline to the edge of opponents service boxes. One...

Boxing Is Great for Your Physical Health

Boxing is a sport that catches many people’s attention. So many people enjoy watching this sport. This exciting sport has been going on for thousands of years! Boxing has been going on since 1681. Boxing is a great sport. It is a very hard sport...

History of Life Fitness Point: A Great Spot to Workout and Stay Healthy

Introduction of fitness and gym A gym is a place where physical exercises and activities performed, often using equipment. Gymnasium is a large room or club where a person can go to keep him/her fit. Gym is also referred as health club and fitness centre....

• Healthy Lifestyle

Stressed out with your paper?

Consider using writing assistance:

• 100% unique papers
• 3 hrs deadline option

Exploring the Discourse Community of Personal trainers or Fitness instructors

Introduction As a newly certified Coach and professional personal trainer, I am writing this report for the new comer to the discourse community of personal trainer. What is the history of this community? What are its primary mechanisms of intercommunication? What kind of threshold levels...

• Discourse Community

Fitness Testing Exam: Checking Blood Pressure and Overall Performance

Firstly, three of many reasons’ fitness benefits you are fitness rewires and improves mental strength. Being fit improves your mental strength as when you are doing exercise you discipline yourself and have self-control with a clear and open mindset. When you set yourself a goal...

• Blood Pressure

The Fitness Strengths and Techniques in Badminton

Strenghts Fitness Component: The main component in badminton would be co-ordination. Co-ordination is the body parts working together within a system. This is to have a good depth to see where the shuttlecock would fall. As well as see, what level in which you need...

• Competitive Sports

Synchronized Ice Skating: Fitness & Benefits

Synchronized Skating has been going on for approximately 60 years and has become a successful sport. Synchronized skating is now practiced around the world. It can be seen used as an act of performance in Disneyland, world synchronized championship, classes given in colleges and many...

• Ice Skating

Benefits of Listening to Music While Working Out

For my analysis, I will focus on three experiences: my workout (personal experience), at Tea Bazaar (social experience), and finally at C.R.A.V.E practice (social experience). During my workout I listened to a pre-made playlist using Spotify as the streaming software. I did not know all...

Right Care of a New Infant Toddler as an Essential Element to Fitness

The mom ought to be able to maintain her frame clean provide her meals properly and sleep well just so she can't be sick. After warm suction and drying region it's far first-rate to wash in the warmness water 37 c each night time. In...

Impact of Consumer Culture on Fitness in Philippines

Being overweight in a physically-obsessed culture such as the Philippines is hard. It is depressing. Every day, we are bombarded with hundreds of advertisements insisting us to change the way we look. On the road, specific billboards suggest that being fat is a physical issue...

• Philippines

Data Analysis of Fitness Tracker's Accuracy

My fitness tracker is an extremely important part of my life. Every morning I wake up and go on my Fitbit app and check my sleep score. How well did I sleep last night? How many hours did I get? Did I get enough REM...

Influence of Western Media on Fitness in Pakistan

Introduction The society of Pakistan is rapidly inclining towards fitness and health in the past few years. Fitness is a state of being physically healthy, active and particularly performing in physical exercises, sports, work and daily activities. The fitness industry of Pakistan has not been...

Dog Feeding Tips – A Guide To Dog Fitness

Do you think dogs can be as fit as their owners? We as humans can be quite obsessed with our health. We go gluten free, grow our own vegetables in the backyard and stress about keeping hydrated all day long. Why don’t we do the...

Ways Of Bulking Up Successfully

Bulking Up Bulking up; into the simplest terms, means to eat more than you already do and exercise harder than usual that you do for making more muscle. But for bulking up successfully you need to carry out this task in correct way or you...

Best topics on Fitness

1. The Transformative Power of Fitness: Embracing a Balanced and Fulfilling Lifestyle

2. How the Gym Influences Fitness

3. World Record of the Fastest Tennis Ball Hit

4. Boxing Is Great for Your Physical Health

5. History of Life Fitness Point: A Great Spot to Workout and Stay Healthy

6. Exploring the Discourse Community of Personal trainers or Fitness instructors

7. Fitness Testing Exam: Checking Blood Pressure and Overall Performance

8. The Fitness Strengths and Techniques in Badminton

9. Synchronized Ice Skating: Fitness & Benefits

10. Benefits of Listening to Music While Working Out

11. Right Care of a New Infant Toddler as an Essential Element to Fitness

12. Impact of Consumer Culture on Fitness in Philippines

13. Data Analysis of Fitness Tracker’s Accuracy

14. Influence of Western Media on Fitness in Pakistan

15. Dog Feeding Tips – A Guide To Dog Fitness

• Personality
• Personal Experience
• Perseverance
• Affordable Housing
• Credit Card

Need writing help?

You can always rely on us no matter what type of paper you need

*No hidden charges

100% Unique Essays

Absolutely Confidential

Money Back Guarantee

By clicking “Send Essay”, you agree to our Terms of service and Privacy statement. We will occasionally send you account related emails

You can also get a UNIQUE essay on this or any other topic

Thank you! We’ll contact you as soon as possible.

📕 Studying HQ

Good argumentative essay topics on health and fitness with prompts [+ outline], dr. wilson mn.

• August 1, 2022
• Essay Topics and Ideas , Samples

There are plenty of good argumentative essay topics on health and fitness to choose from. You can write about the benefits of a healthy lifestyle, or the importance of staying fit and active.

You can also argue for or against certain health and fitness practices, such as eating organic foods or using supplements. Whatever you choose to write about, make sure you back up your claims with evidence and research.

What You'll Learn

Argumentative Essay Topics On Health And Fitness

Personal Reflection on the Scriptural Basis for Physical Fitness & Wellness Practices

Essay prompt: Often, when people speak about physical fitness and wellness, they do it from the point of view of science and medicine in which physical fitness and wellness practices are supposed to improve our health outcomes.

Improving Fitness Practices And the Personal And Realistic Physical Fitness Plan

Essay prompt: The strategies to identify practical ways to enhance my fitness practices include personal training, outcome measurements, and wearable technology. Personal training is a strong trend that is

Do Fitness Trackers Improve Health?

Essay prompt: Fitness trackers are wearable devices that monitor physical activity, communicate with the smartphone, and pass information to it. These wearable devices monitor calories consumed and received by a person, as well as physical activity indicators, and are designed to help people move more and eat right.

How did you apply what you learned in your workouts within and outside of class and what were the outcomes? How will you continue to apply this knowledge in the future?

As you continue,  thestudycorp.com  has the top and most qualified writers to help with any of your assignments. All you need to do is  place an order  with us

Improving Health Related Fitness: Aerobic Conditioning Program

Essay prompt: The Aerobic condition program seeks to improve health-related fitness for freshmen. Aerobic exercising or “with oxygen” offers freshmen cardiovascular conditioning. The program aligns with the American heart association (AHA) minimum 30 minutes of cardiovascular exercise 5 to 7 days a week.

Field Observation Gender, Race & Fitness Written Paper & Presentation

Essay prompt: Students will visit a fitness centre not located on campus. Field notes will be taken noting the time and day of the visit and the approximate fee paid to use the facility.

Importance of Goal-Setting for Nutritional Clients And the Steps in the Goal-Setting Process

Essay prompt: It is important to set fitness goals before trying to achieve health goals because they help understand why such an initiative is essential. Better and practical results are always achieved when one has a specific, realistic goal instead of setting out without a plan.

Discuss the importance of goal-setting for nutritional clients

Argumentative Research Paper Topics On Health And Fitness with Prompts

The Role of Group Exercise Instructor

Ensuring Firefighters Maintain Proper Health Fitness During And After Training

Essay prompt: The article follows the status of the recruits’ essential health and physical fitness to fire academy training. The article demonstrates the changes that take place during training and the early probation period.

Evolutionary Biology Use In Future Work In Psychology

Elements of the Marketing Environments

The Main Problem with Anaerobic Training

Essay prompt: When it comes to matters concerning fitness, aerobics has always taken Centre stage. Tracing its name from the term ‘aerobic’ to mean oxygen, aerobics is a fitness regime that basically uses oxygen to burn body fat.

Effectiveness of Exercise-based Prediction in Determining Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF)

Essay prompt: The article’s main purpose is to explore the effectiveness of exercise-based prediction in determining cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). In such a case, it would be possible to assess their capability in classifying individuals. Argumentative Essay Topics On Health And Fitness

Injured Children During Exercise or Sports

Essay prompt: As much as exercise is important, fitness trainers also hold the same influence as they serve as the guide towards a more appropriate pattern of workout and diet for their clients.

Problems And Solutions Concerning Meeting Advancing Health Information Requirements

Essay prompt: Currently, hospital setups exhibit new Health Information Technology (HIT) innovations that help in monitoring healthcare and fitness improvement. Besides, this HIT improves health outcomes and ensures efficiency in workflow among others.

Find out more on 260+ Ethical Paper Topics – Types | Guide | Topics

Improving College Student Fitness Routine

Essay prompt: It is a well-known fact that people need to exercise to prevent being afflicted with diseases, especially those that are caused by an unhealthy lifestyles.

Physical Education Unit Plan: Fitness for Health And social awareness

SWOT Analysis of Physical Fitness Facility

Essay prompt: The Pure Barre franchise is a boutique gym line of studios that has branches across North America- the US and Canada.

The Benefits of Physical Activity for Physical & Mental Health

Essay prompt: Numerous studies have explored the benefits of physical activity to the physical and mental well-being of an individual. A literature review on the subject suggests that there is a positive relationship between physical activity, and physical and mental health.

Analysis Of Fitness And Health Claims In The Future

Essay prompt: How will you approach your analysis of fitness and health claims in the future? How will this help you in your future training endeavours?

Classroom-Based Physical Activity, Cognition, And Academic Achievement

Essay prompt: Evidence suggests that there is an observable association between cardiovascular fitness, cognitive function, and physical activity during early childhood and adolescence. The above variables are linked to the academic performance of an individual.

How the Covid-19 Regulations have Affected Students at the Gym

Essay prompt: The COVID-19 Pandemic has subjected the world to a life-threatening situation, judging by the mortality and morbidity rates. More than 6.2 million people have died of COVID-19, and over 505 million cases have been reported worldwide as of 2022 (de Abreu et al., 2022).

Argumentative Research Paper Topics

There is no shortage of ideas when it comes to writing an argumentative research paper . The key is to find a topic that is interesting to you and that you can make a strong case for. Here are some potential topics to get you started:

• Should the drinking age be lowered?
• Should the voting age be lowered?
• Should there be stricter gun control laws?
• Should the death penalty be abolished?
• Should abortion be legal?
• Should same-sex marriage be legal?
• Should marijuana be legalized?
• Are humans causing climate change?
• Is the welfare system effective?
• Do schools need to do more to prevent bullying?

Whether you’re a diehard sports fan or someone who doesn’t really follow any particular teams, there’s no denying that sports can be a great source of debate. From which sport is the most exciting to watch to whether certain players or teams are truly the best in their respective leagues, there are plenty of topics to choose from when it comes to sports debates.

To help you get started, we’ve compiled a list of some potential sports debate topics. Whether you’re looking for something lighthearted or something a little more serious, we’re sure you’ll find something on this list that gets your blood pumping.

So without further ado, here are 20 sports debate topics to get you started:

• Which sport is the most exciting to watch?
• Are certain players or teams overrated?
• Who are the best players in each sport?
• Who are the biggest busts in each sport?
• What are the best and worst moments in each sport?
• Are there too many teams in each league? Not enough?
• What changes would you make to each sport?
• Which teams are due for a championship

Sports Persuasive Speech Topics

When it comes to giving a persuasive speech, there are many different topics that you can choose from. However, one topic that always seems to be popular is sports. Sports persuasive speech topics can be about anything related to sports, from the benefits of playing a particular sport to the dangers of not playing any sport at all.

• Some good sports persuasive speech topics include:
• The benefits of playing team sports
• The importance of staying active and participating in physical activity
• The dangers of using performance-enhancing drugs in sports
• The negative effects of not playing any sport at all
• Why children should be encouraged to play sports
• How adults can benefit from playing sports

Informative Speech Topics about Sports

When it comes to choosing a topic for an informative speech, there are many directions you could go. You could choose to give a speech about a particular sport, or about the history of sports, or about some of the great athletes who have made their mark on the world of sports.

If you’re a fan of sports, then giving an informative speech about sports could be a great way to share your love of the game with others. There are so many different aspects to sports that you could focus on, from the rules of the game to the training and conditioning that athletes undergo. You could even give a speech about some of the great moments in sports history.

If you’re not a big sports fan, don’t worry – there are plenty of other topics you could choose for your informative speech. You could focus on the history of a particular sport, or on the evolution of sports over time. You could even choose to give a speech about some of the great athletes who have made their mark on the world of sports. No matter what angle you choose, there’s sure to be an informative speech topic about sports that will interest you and your audience

Start by filling this short order form order.studyinghq.com

And then follow the progressive flow. 

Having an issue, chat with us here

Cathy, CS. 

New Concept ? Let a subject expert write your paper for You​

Have a subject expert write for you now, have a subject expert finish your paper for you, edit my paper for me, have an expert write your dissertation's chapter, popular topics.

Business StudyingHq Essay Topics and Ideas How to Guides Samples

• Nursing Solutions
• Study Guides
• Free Study Database for Essays
• Privacy Policy
• Writing Service 
• Discounts / Offers 

Study Hub: 

• Studying Blog
• Topic Ideas 
• How to Guides
• Business Studying 
• Nursing Studying 
• Literature and English Studying

Writing Tools  

• Citation Generator
• Topic Generator
• Paraphrasing Tool
• Conclusion Maker
• Research Title Generator
• Thesis Statement Generator
• Summarizing Tool
• Terms and Conditions
• Confidentiality Policy
• Cookies Policy
• Refund and Revision Policy

Our samples and other types of content are meant for research and reference purposes only. We are strongly against plagiarism and academic dishonesty. 

Contact Us:

📧 [email protected]

📞 +15512677917

2012-2024 © studyinghq.com. All rights reserved

25,000+ students realised their study abroad dream with us. Take the first step today

Meet top uk universities from the comfort of your home, here’s your new year gift, one app for all your, study abroad needs, start your journey, track your progress, grow with the community and so much more.

Verification Code

An OTP has been sent to your registered mobile no. Please verify

Thanks for your comment !

Our team will review it before it's shown to our readers.

• School Education /

Essay on Health and Fitness for Students

• Updated on  
• Nov 18, 2023

What did you play in your sports period at school? Was it football, Cricket, Badminton, or any other sports? Maintaining good physical health requires you to take good care of your body and in most cases, your mental fitness also. From an early age, we are taught how to take care of our health and fitness. School students are often encouraged to write an essay on health and fitness, where they must come up with ideas about how to keep themselves physically and mentally fit and the benefits of a healthy life. Well, if you have not, you need not to worry. I’ve got your back. I’ll be providing you with a detailed explanation about staying fit and how you can add them to your essay on health and fitness. Stay tuned! 

Table of Contents

• 1 Essay on Health and Fitness in 100 Words
• 2 Essay on Health and Fitness in 200 Words
• 3 Essay on Health and Fitness in 300 Words

Also Read: Best Fitness Exercises for Students Studying Abroad

Essay on Health and Fitness in 100 Words

Also Read: 7 Ways on Which Good Mental Health Leads to Good Physical Health

Essay on Health and Fitness in 200 Words

‘It is health that is real wealth and not pieces of gold and silver.’ – Mahatma Gandhi

Essay on Health and Fitness in 300 Words

Related Articles

To write an essay on health and fitness, you are required to describe how one can achieve his or her fitness goals. The health and fitness lifestyle depends on three factors; physical exercise, balanced diet and adequate rest. To achieve a healthy and fit life, you must focus on all these aspects. Describe them in detail and provide a positive conclusion.

Regular exercise boosts cardiovascular exercises, strength training, or flexibility workouts, enhances cardiovascular health, and strengthens muscles. A balanced and nutritious diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats is necessary. Adequate and quality sleep is crucial for physical recovery, cognitive function, and emotional well-being. The release of endorphins during physical activity helps reduce stress, anxiety, and depression, promoting a positive mindset. Health and fitness are not isolated concepts but interconnected elements of a holistic lifestyle. 

When on a diet, consider these fat-free foods: Beans and legumes, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, skim milk, egg whites, and yoghurt.

For more information on such interesting topics for your school, visit our essay writing page and make sure to follow Leverage Edu .

Shiva Tyagi

With an experience of over a year, I've developed a passion for writing blogs on wide range of topics. I am mostly inspired from topics related to social and environmental fields, where you come up with a positive outcome.

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Contact no. *

Connect With Us

25,000+ students realised their study abroad dream with us. Take the first step today.

Resend OTP in

Need help with?

Study abroad.

UK, Canada, US & More

IELTS, GRE, GMAT & More

Scholarship, Loans & Forex

Country Preference

New Zealand

Which English test are you planning to take?

Which academic test are you planning to take.

Not Sure yet

When are you planning to take the exam?

Already booked my exam slot

Within 2 Months

Want to learn about the test

Which Degree do you wish to pursue?

When do you want to start studying abroad.

January 2024

September 2024

What is your budget to study abroad?

How would you describe this article ?

Please rate this article

We would like to hear more.

Have something on your mind?

Make your study abroad dream a reality in January 2022 with

India's Biggest Virtual University Fair

Essex Direct Admission Day

Why attend .

Don't Miss Out

An official website of the United States government

The .gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

• Publications
• Account settings

Preview improvements coming to the PMC website in October 2024. Learn More or Try it out now .

• Advanced Search
• Journal List
• Front Sports Act Living

Sport Events for Sport Participation: A Scoping Review

Associated data.

Research on sport participation impacts from sport events has been sporadic. This scoping review assesses the current state of literature that addresses impacts, legacies, and leveraging of sport events for sport participation outcomes and the gaps in terms of study context and research designs. Two systematic approaches of article identification were performed: a traditional database search and a systematic manual search. Studies on sport participation outcomes from events mainly focused on mega sport events and adult populations, with the majority employing cross-sectional data and quantitative methods. The use theoretical of frameworks is limited and inconsistent. There is a need for longitudinal investigations, as well as more focus on youth populations, participant events, and smaller-sized events to advance the research agenda for sport participation outcomes from sport events.

Introduction

Prior to 2005, the thought that sport participation is inherently associated with sport events remained largely anecdotal, with little academic attention given to the phenomenon (Coalter, 2004 ; Weed et al., 2015 ). The scant empirical research into this notion had in fact not supported the idea that elite athletic success trickles down into grassroots participation (e.g., Hindson et al., 1994 ). In 2005, however, the London 2012 bid committee submitted a bid to host the 2012 Olympic Games with the explicit legacy claim of inspiring a generation to be more physically active (Weed et al., 2015 ). As such, academic researchers took notice, and sport participation as a possible legacy of sport events has become an increasingly popular line of inquiry (e.g., Annear et al., 2019 ), including in the field of sport management (Weed et al., 2015 ). Indeed, impacts (i.e., changes directly associated with an event), legacies (i.e., long-term impacts; planned or unplanned), and leveraging (i.e., strategically planned impacts) of sport events are starting to receive more attention in sport management scholarship as it focuses on impact assessment, process-oriented management, optimization of event outcomes to inform sport, and event planning and management (Taks et al., 2015 ).

To date, there is little empirical support for the inherent association between staging sport events and sport participation (Weed et al., 2015 ; Annear et al., 2019 ). Such findings have led to the notion that explicit plans must be made prior to the event to achieve desired outcomes, and the plans must be managed during the lead-up, implementation of, and after the event takes place (Chalip et al., 2017 ). This process is referred to as leveraging (Chalip, 2006 ). Event leveraging involves using an event to elicit further indirect benefits outside the event's primary goal that would have occurred at a much slower rate had the event not taken place (Chalip, 2006 , 2014 ). However, research on the association between hosting sport events and sport participation and leveraging sport events for participation outcomes has been sporadic, and systematic types of reviews conducted on the phenomenon have mainly focused on mega-spectator sport events (Weed et al., 2015 ), generally neglecting smaller-sized spectator and participant events. Indeed, there is a need for a more comprehensive overview including a greater variety of contexts and events to illustrate and synthesize these findings from a broader perspective. Thus, the purpose of this study is to conduct a scoping review to assess the current state of literature that addresses impacts (i.e., changes directly associated with an event), legacies (i.e., long-term impacts; planned or unplanned), and leveraging (i.e., strategically planned impacts) of sport events for sport participation outcomes and the gaps in terms of study context and research designs. The terms impact, legacy, and leverage are indeed all related to changes associated with events. They are all different, however, with regard to strategic and structural considerations. Impacts, though not formally defined in the literature, involve any change associated with the event. These could be changes that are planned or unplanned, within the host community or outside of it, and can take place at any point temporally. Legacy and leverage have more formal definitions and conceptualizations. Legacy is the long-term impact of an event that can be planned or unplanned, positive or negative, tangible or intangible, which remains in the host community long after the event is over (Preuss, 2019 ). Leveraging, however, is a strategic approach to using a sport event to achieve desired outcomes (Chalip, 2006 ).

Outcomes that have been posited to date, and how we define sport participation from sport events, include those who currently participate in sport increase their participation rates; current participants switching or diversifying sports; former participants starting to participate again; and the most contentious form of participation being nonparticipants taking up sport for the first time (e.g., Weed et al., 2015 ). In other words, we are interested in the change in nature of sport participation. These outcomes may come about at any stage of the event—in event lead-up, prior to the event taking place; during the event; or post-event.

Indeed, scholars have attempted to synthesize findings of research conducted on the phenomenon of sport participation from sport events to come to conclusions about the ability of sport events to stimulate sport participation (McCartney et al., 2010 ; Weed et al., 2015 ; Annear et al., 2019 ; Thompson et al., 2019 ; Thomson et al., 2020 ; Potwarka and Wicker, 2021 ). Such reviews, however, have taken focused approaches to evaluate specific types of events or contexts. For instance, the systematic review by Weed et al. ( 2015 ) investigated sport participation impacts of the Olympic and Paralympic Games. Similarly, McCartney et al. ( 2010 ) investigated health and socioeconomic impacts of major multi-sport events through a systematic review, and Annear et al. ( 2019 ) conducted a systematic review of sport participation impacts of mega sport events. However, the review by Annear et al. ( 2019 ) only included studies that addressed adult populations. Potwarka and Wicker ( 2021 ) considered empirical studies that specifically addressed the trickle-down effect (i.e., spectators inspired by athletes to participate in sport or physical activity). Finally, two systematic quantitative literature reviews by Thomson et al. ( 2020 ), Thomson et al. ( 2020 ) explicitly focused on legacy and spectator sport events, neglecting research investigating non-legacy impacts (e.g., short-term impacts, leveraging) and participant-based events. Five of the six reviews (e.g., McCartney et al., 2010 ; Weed et al., 2015 ; Annear et al., 2019 ; Thompson et al., 2019 ; Thomson et al., 2020 ) found no inherent effect on sport participation and/or physical activity associated with hosting major sport events, while the remaining review identified specific conditions under which the specific phenomenon of the trickle-down effect might occur (e.g., Potwarka and Wicker, 2021 ). The targeted scope of these reviews creates boundaries to studying sport participation from sport events. A wider variety of different contexts in terms of event size (i.e., size, scale, and scope; small, medium, large, mega; multi-sport to single sport, etc.), type of event (participant/spectator), and study population (e.g., youth/adults) should also be considered when undertaking future investigations. By broadening the scope of inclusion for a review of the literature on sport participation from sport events, we can draw attention to different contexts and study designs for investigating the phenomenon. Thus, a more comprehensive review of literature on sport participation impacts of various sizes and types of sport events will add to this body of knowledge. Therefore, this scoping review provides an overview of a wide variety of studies examining the relationship between sport events and sport participation outcomes. Their various study contexts (i.e., size of events, type of event, study population) and associated research designs (i.e., theory, study design, methodology, type of data, methods) are examined. Possible gaps in study context and research designs can then be determined, which can subsequently inform avenues for future research.

To achieve a comprehensive review of the literature, two systematic approaches of article identification were performed—a traditional database and a systematic manual search. This dual approach is based on previous findings that both methods lead to different pools of identified articles; one method of article identification can omit relevant articles that can be identified through other strategies (Teare and Taks, 2020 ). As such, we first present the methodological approach for the execution of the scoping review. Next, the current status of research in this domain is presented, and avenues for future research are identified and discussed.

Arksey and O'Malley ( 2005 ) identified four distinct purposes for conducting a scoping review that fall under two broader ways of thinking. The first way of thinking is considering the scoping review as a preliminary step to a systematic review. The possible purposes associated with this way of thinking would be (1) to map the fields of study to assess the range of evidence and (2) to assess if conducting a systematic review is necessary (Arksey and O'Malley, 2005 ). The second broad way of thinking is to consider the scoping review as a stand-alone study. An associated purpose would be (3) to summarize and disseminate findings for practitioners (Arksey and O'Malley, 2005 ). The final purpose, and the one undertaken in the current study, is (4) to identify gaps in the existing literature by assessing the overall state of research evidence (Arksey and O'Malley, 2005 ).

A scoping review, which is by default systematic, assesses the nature and extent of research evidence in a replicable and rigorous way (Grant and Booth, 2009 ; Whittemore et al., 2014 ). A scoping review provides an overview of a particular line in inquiry, including the size of available literature, scope of studies, and highlights gaps in methodologies and findings (Grant and Booth, 2009 ). Unlike other types of systematic approaches to reviews, such as systematic reviews or meta-analyses, a scoping review does not appraise or synthesize the findings of the articles, as was the case for the systematic reviews on sport participation from sport events previously mentioned (i.e., McCartney et al., 2010 ; Weed et al., 2015 ; Annear et al., 2019 ). The articles are not assessed within the parameters of a scoping review to avoid exclusion of relevant literature. As the phenomenon examined here is a relatively new line of inquiry, all investigations (i.e., both empirical and conceptual peer-reviewed articles) should be considered to add to the understanding of the current state of literature. Thus, the purpose of the current review is to understand the state of the literature rather than provide a synthesis of findings regarding the ability of events to stimulate sport participation.

The scoping review was executed following the five-step framework ( Table 1 ) of Arksey and O'Malley ( 2005 ) and was extended with a comprehensive systematic manual journal search framework following the guidelines of Teare and Taks ( 2020 ). The selection process was established based on the following research question: “What is the current state of literature that addresses impacts, legacies, and leveraging of sport events for sport participation outcomes in terms of study context and research designs?” (step 1).

Scoping review framework (Adapted from Arksey and O'Malley, 2005 ).

Gray background indicates extension of the framework of Arksey and O'Malley ( 2005 ) and Teare and Taks ( 2020 ) .

Article Selection Process

Preliminary readings of related articles (e.g., Veal et al., 2012 ; Weed et al., 2015 ; Chalip et al., 2017 ; Taks et al., 2018 ) served to identify key words and terms to select the articles (step 2). The following inclusion criteria were determined: peer-reviewed articles or book chapters; available online; written in English; address impacts, legacies, leveraging of sport events; with sport participation as an outcome, not as a potential application. For example, studies that measured sport participation rates or assessed sport participation experiences were included, while studies that empirically assessed outcomes of sport events that are not sport participation (e.g., livability of areas on London; Smith et al., 2015 ) but mentioned potential sport participation implications only were excluded. The database search took place in January 2019, including articles published up to and including 2018, and the comprehensive systematic manual search included all issues up to and including 2018.

Database Search

Databases were chosen based on the research question and their likelihood to contain relevant articles. Based on preliminary readings, and in consultation with a research librarian at the author's institution, the following five databases and key words were used to search for articles published up to and including 2018: ABI Inform, Business Source Complete, Physical Education Index, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science. The following key search words were used “sport * N2 participat * ” OR “physical * N2 activ * ” AND “sport * event * ” OR Olympic * OR championship * OR “FIFA” OR “World Cup.” This initial search revealed 3,013 total articles. Duplicates were then removed, leaving 2,252 articles to be searched in the first round of screening. By keeping the search very broad and not including specific terms related to the nature of the sport participation impact (i.e., impact, legacy, or leverage), we were able to capture a wider range of articles.

The database search involved two rounds of screening to determine if the articles were to be included in the final pool of sources (step 3). Two researchers screened the articles independently. First, titles and abstracts were screened against the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Articles that were deemed to fit with the inclusion criteria by both researchers were moved directly to the second round of full-text screening. Articles that were excluded by both researchers were immediately eliminated. When the researchers disagreed, the articles were flagged, and both researchers met to discuss the titles and abstracts against the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Articles that were mutually agreed to be potentially relevant were moved to the second round of screening. After this first round of screening (title and abstracts) and discussing discrepancies, 2,053 articles were removed, and 199 articles were moved onto the second round of screening (full text). The authors then separately read all the articles of this second round in full. Articles that were agreed upon were included in the final pool of articles, and discrepancies were again discussed. Of essence was that a focus on sport participation outcomes had to be presented. After the second round of full-text screening, the database search yielded 111 relevant articles from five databases. Similar to McCartney et al. ( 2010 ) and Weed et al. ( 2015 ), we present the article selection process of the database search visually in Figure 1 (the left-hand side).

Flow diagrams for the traditional database search and systematic manual search.

Systematic Manual Search

As per Teare and Taks ( 2020 ), there are three steps involved in conducting a systematic manual search: (1) selecting the top field-specific journals (as determined by impact factors) within the specified time frame to begin the search, (2) screening all issues for relevant articles (i.e., two rounds of screening of titles and abstracts, followed by full texts), and (3) examining the reference lists of the identified articles for additional relevant journals. The same process is then completed for the identified journals, and a full journal search of these new journals is performed until no new journals arise (Teare and Taks, 2020 ).

In the context of this study, the relationship between sport participation and events is examined through the lens of impacts, legacies, and leveraging. Though these themes can be found in other domains, through preliminary reading of articles, it was identified that sport participation from sport events is substantially researched in the field of sport management. Thus, sport management journals were a relevant starting point to serve the research purpose and question. It is important to note that though sport management journals serve as a starting point for the systematic manual search, the search is not limited to only sport management journals. In fact, as identified by Teare and Taks ( 2020 ), the systematic manual search is particularly useful when conducting scoping reviews on interdisciplinary topics such as the one in the present study, as it is able to identify journals and articles from several different domains. Teare and Taks ( 2020 ) suggest that this could be due to the varying terminology used in different domains to investigate a similar topic that might not be captured by the key words used in a database search.

Looking at impact factors, the top 3 journals in sport management are Sport Management Review, Journal of Sport Management , and European Sport Management Quarterly . All articles in all issues were examined using the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Titles, abstracts, and key words comprised the first round of screening, followed by full-text screening. The top 3 journals generated 13 articles. As indicated above, the reference lists of the identified articles were examined for additional journals, revealing 23 journals to be reviewed in round 2. The 23 journals of round 2 yielded 69 relevant articles whose reference lists identified an additional 23 journals. These 23 journals of round 3 were again fully searched, generating 20 relevant articles. These articles revealed an additional two journals in their reference list for a full search in round 4. The final two journals yielded one additional article. No new journals appeared in the article's reference list. Thus, four rounds of journal searches were undertaken until no new journals arose. In total, the systematic manual search yielded 51 journals (3 + 23 + 23 + 2 = 51) for a total 103 articles (13 + 69 + 20+ 1 = 103). The process of the systematic manual search is visually represented in Figure 1 (right-hand side).

Combining the Search Methods

The database search yielded 111 relevant articles, while the systematic manual search yielded 103 relevant articles, for a total of 214 total identified articles. When combining the results of the two search methods, only 68 articles were identified through both searches. Thus, this scoping review included 146 total unique articles (43 articles unique to the database search; 35 articles unique to the systematic manual search; 68 articles identified through both search methods). All articles included in the scoping review as well as their source search method are available online as a Supplementary File . The distinctive outcome between the database search and the manual search is important, as it informs researchers that one or the other method alone is insufficient to generate a comprehensive overview of the work in a specific area. Teare and Taks ( 2020 ) suggested that for interdisciplinary topics such as the phenomenon being addressed by the current study, more than one rigorous search strategy must be employed when conducting a comprehensive review. The need for multiple rigorous search strategies may stem from the different terminologies used in different fields to describe the same phenomenon (Teare and Taks, 2020 ). This notion is confirmed by the systematic literature review by Geurin and Naraine ( 2020 ) who adopted the approach of Teare and Taks ( 2020 ) to article identification. The database search by Geurin and Naraine ( 2020 ) yielded 173 unique articles, and their systematic manual search yielded an additional 48 unique articles that did not appear in the database search.

Data Analysis

Covidence ( www.covidence.org ), a systematic review management tool, was used to streamline the study selection process (systematic review as an umbrella term for systematic approach to conducting a review; Grant and Booth, 2009 ). All relevant articles were imported into the system, allowing the researchers to analyze the articles independently from one another. Categories of information to extract from the articles (i.e., step 4 in the scoping review framework; Arksey and O'Malley, 2005 ) were developed prior to extracting the data based on preliminary reading of systematic and scoping reviews (e.g., Allender et al., 2006 ; Filo et al., 2015 ; Dowling et al., 2018 ). In addition to basic journal-identifying data [i.e., author(s), year of publication, journal, article title, key words], particular attention was given to the study context. Unlike previous reviews of literature on sport participation from sport events (e.g., McCartney et al., 2010 ; Weed et al., 2015 ; Annear et al., 2019 ), the present review considers events that vary in size and scope (event size) and takes into account the type of event based on the way in which participants engage with the event (type of event: spectator or participant event) and (3) various populations (study population). This broader and more comprehensive approach highlights several key trends and identifies which research contexts are lacking, allowing to investigate the effectiveness of different sizes and types of events in stimulating sport participation, with particular consideration given to specific study populations. For the purpose of this scoping review, we used sport event typologies of Müller ( 2015 ) and Gammon ( 2012 ) to distinguish between different sizes of events. Olympic Games and the FIFA world cup constitute mega sport events (Müller, 2015 ). All other elite international championship events (single or multisport) are considered large events. Small and medium events include charity and community events, non-elite international events, and elite national competitions (single sport). As many scholars did not state the scale of these community and non-elite events, small- and medium-sized events were considered to be the same category (Gammon, 2012 ).

Study context was followed by the elements of the research design. An overview of the data extraction criteria is provided in Table 2 .

Data extraction categories.

Results and Discussion

This section reflects step 5 of the framework by Arksey and O'Malley ( 2005 ): reporting and summarizing the results. The following sections report and summarize the frequency of publications around sport participation from sport events, the study contexts of these publications, the research designs used, and the research findings of these studies.

Publication Frequency

There has been an increasing trend of articles published on the topic of sport participation from sport events. As seen in Figure 2 , there is a larger increase in the number of articles published around the 2012 Olympic Games. This spike makes historical sense, as the 2012 Olympic Games were the first major sport event to explicitly claim, and plan for, a mass sport participation legacy (Weed et al., 2015 ). Many of the articles published in 2010, 2011, and 2012 were prospective articles, commenting on and examining the potential and likelihood of the London Games on achieving the participation goals (e.g., Charlton, 2010 ; Wellings et al., 2011 ; Bloyce and Lovett, 2012 ; Bullough, 2012 ; Hughes, 2012 ; Selvanayagam et al., 2012 ). Many of the articles published on the 2012 Olympic Games from 2015 onward were evaluations of the 2012 Games' impact on sport participation in London and the United Kingdom (e.g., Black et al., 2015 ; Mackintosh et al., 2015 ; Chen and Henry, 2016 ; Darko and Mackintosh, 2016 ; Girginov, 2016 ; Brown et al., 2017 ; Hayday et al., 2017 ; Lovett and Bloyce, 2017 ; Brown and Pappous, 2018 ).

Year of publication.

Study Context

As seen in Figure 3A , mega ( n = 88; 58%) and large ( n = 29; 19%) events combined account for over three-quarters of the studies included in this scoping review. Only 21% ( n = 32) of the studies consider the impacts of small- and medium-sized sport events on sport participation, indicating that more research in this context is encouraged. The 2% ( n = 1) of articles that were not applicable discussed sport events in general, not commenting on particular size of events (i.e., Inoue et al., 2015 ). In alignment with the year of publication trends corresponding to the 2012 Olympic Games, 52 (36%) studies included in this scoping review addressed the London 2012 Olympic Games. Other events that were commonly addressed include other Olympic Games ( n = 41; 28%), the Commonwealth Games ( n = 9; 6%), world or regional international championships (e.g., FIFA, World Rugby Championships, Pan American Games) ( n = 22; 15%), and qualifying or community events (e.g., participant running events, elite tennis events) ( n = 23; 16%).

Study context: Size of event (A) , Type of event (B) , and Study population (C) .

A noteworthy finding with regard to the event size studied is that major multisport events tend to be studied without the inclusion of their parasport counterparts and vice versa . In other words, events like the Olympic Games or PanAmerican Games are studied without the inclusion of the Paralympic and Para-PanAmerican Games context, and the Paralympics and Para-PanAmerican Games are studied without the inclusion of the Olympic and PanAmerican Games context. For some investigations, keeping these events separate makes sense. For example, Coates and Vickerman ( 2016 ) considered the impact of the 2012 Paralympics for children with disabilities. Other investigations, however, could benefit from considering both the able-bodied and para iterations of events together, as discussed below, some populations have been found to be discouraged from sport participation by viewing elite able-bodied athletes but may be inspired by para-athletes (Carter and Lorenc, 2015 ). Future research on sport participation from major multisport events with able-bodied and parasport iterations should consider investigating both event contexts to better understand the overall impact of the event on the host community.

Type of Event

A similar trend appears with regard to type of event (i.e., spectator or participant) in the event. Here, 81% ( n = 119) of the studies address spectator events, while 18% ( n = 26) address participant events, and 1% ( n = 1) address both spectator and participant events ( Figure 3B ). This trend indicates that there is still much to be researched with regard to the power of participant events to impact sport participation. As discussed below, participant events can attract nonparticipants to take up sport (training for the event) and are associated with post-event continued participation (Bowles et al., 2006 ; Crofts et al., 2012 ). If a goal of an event is to stimulate sport participation, perhaps those in decision-making positions should consider hosting participant-based events rather than spectator events. Alternatively, the nature of participant events to attract new participants can be strategically leveraged with regard to participant events (e.g., hold a participant event alongside a spectator event; Derom et al., 2015 ) to optimize attraction of nonparticipants.

Study Population

As seen in Figure 3C , many of the studies included in this scoping review examined adult's sport participation practices ( n = 41; 27%) or examined the sport organization's perspective ( n = 35; 23%) on the ability of sport events to stimulate sport participation. Few studies considered population-level changes in overall sport participation ( n = 17; 11%) or youth populations ( n = 15; 10%). The limited focus on youth is particularly problematic as many of these claims of increases in sport participation are made about youth populations. Moreover, the majority of studies that include youth populations are conducted in the context of mega or large sport events, such as the London Olympics (e.g., Griffiths and Armour, 2013 ; Mackintosh et al., 2015 ; Darko and Mackintosh, 2016 ; Kohe and Bowen-Jones, 2016 ; Sandercock et al., 2016 ; Such, 2016 ; Kohe, 2017 ) and Vancouver Olympics (e.g., Craig and Bauman, 2014 ; Potwarka and Leatherdale, 2016 ). Of note, Dubnewick et al. ( 2018 ) and Silvey et al. ( 2018 ) considered the impact of the Indigenous Traditional Games and the Newfoundland and Labrador Winter Games, respectively, on Indigenous youths' sport participation. Both Games investigated were in fact small- or medium-scale participant events. While participating in the Indigenous Traditional Games enhanced sport experiences and helped develop a foundation of movement for youth (Dubnewick et al., 2018 ), youth who had participated in the Newfoundland and Labrador Winter Games reported intentions to remain active after the Games. However, many participants did not attribute their participation intentions to participation in the Games, but rather they would have continued to participate in sport if they had not participated in the event (Silvey et al., 2018 ). Thus, future research should investigate how (if at all) sport events affect youths' sport participation.

Indeed, marginalized populations have received some attention by researchers in the literature thus far. In addition to the work by Dubnewick et al. ( 2018 ) and Silvey et al. ( 2018 ) with Indigenous youth described above, researchers have considered some marginalized populations, such as people with a disability (e.g., Misener, 2015 ; Misener et al., 2015a ; Coates and Vickerman, 2016 ). There can, however, be a more target research agenda to strategically leverage sport events to provide sport participation opportunities for those who have traditionally been excluded from sport (e.g., low-income populations, homeless populations, LGBTQ+ populations, etc.).

Research Design

In alignment with findings of Annear et al. ( 2019 ) on lack of theory used to investigate sport participation from sport events, well over half the studies included in this scoping review did not clearly identify a theoretical framework. Of the 54 studies that did state a guiding framework, the most common theoretical or guiding frameworks include Transtheoretical Model ( n = 5), an Ecological Model ( n = 4), and a realist evaluation ( n = 3). The empirical articles employing the Transtheoretical model are all from the same research team (i.e., Ramchandani and Coleman, 2012 ; Ramchandani et al., 2015 , 2017a , b ). All four studies use surveys to assess adult elite sport event spectators' post-event intentions to participate in sport. All four studies also found that those who were inspired to intend to be active post-event were already active pre-event. The Transtheoretical model might be helpful in future investigations to understand behavior change associated with sport events; however, the contexts described here indicate that people who are already active engage with sport events. As discussed in sections below, research is needed to understand how events can be leveraged to engage inactive people with sport and physical activity.

Three studies (i.e., Derom and VanWynsberghe, 2015 ; Derom et al., 2015 ; Aizawa et al., 2018 ) employ a socioecological model, while one (i.e., Dubnewick et al., 2018 ) employs an Indigenous ecological model. These studies highlight the interconnectedness among individuals and event structures to suggest how sport events can impact community members. Social Ecology Theory (Stokols, 1992 ) suggests that individuals' behavior comes about from their interaction with both their physical (e.g., geography, architecture, technology) and sociocultural (e.g., culture, economics, politics) surroundings. The theory can be a useful tool for researchers to understand how leveraging initiatives can be designed to stimulate sport participation in a community and thus seems to have great potential in future work on sport event leveraging.

Finally, three studies employ a realist evaluation framework (i.e., Chen and Henry, 2016 ; Girginov, 2016 ; Bell and Daniels, 2018 ). These investigations place an emphasis on the context of the event and its ability to stimulate sport participation, particularly with regard to the resources provided for the purpose of increasing sport participation. A realist evaluation can be helpful in understanding how different types and sizes of events might be able to be leveraged by considering the event context and resources available. This approach might be helpful for researchers to consider when determining how different types and sizes of sport events might be able to be leveraged.

Other theories that were used by two studies include critical realism, neo-institutionalism, figuration theory, Foucault, Ansoff matrix, and Theory of Planned Behavior. There were an additional 29 other theories employed; however, each was only used in one study. The use of various theoretical lenses may be due to the diverse context of sport events to examine relevant sport-participating outcomes. On the other hand, the lack of theory use indicates that there is still little theoretical understanding of sport participation impacts of sport events. As such, future research might consider taking a grounded-theory approach to explore the phenomenon to develop a theory of sport participation from sport events.

It is also important to note that detailed models have been developed specifically to guide leveraging sport events for sport participation. Chalip et al. ( 2017 ) developed a model for leveraging sport events for sport participation and development. Taks et al. ( 2018 ) suggested an Event Leverage Framework to help community sport clubs leverage sport events taking place in their community, and Misener ( 2015 ) has developed the Parasport Leveraging Framework, which is a framework for leveraging parasport events for sport participation. None of the articles included in this review use these models to inform the design of the leveraging initiative. This means that although frameworks exist to guide leveraging initiatives for sport participation from sport events, they are not being utilized. Moreover, the lack of application makes it difficult to assess the effectiveness of these proposed frameworks. This lack of application of research-informed frameworks could be a contributing factor to the lack of research evidence to support the ability of sport events to stimulate sport participation. As such, stronger efforts to increase the ease of use of such frameworks by researchers are needed.

Study Design

A large portion (add 26%) of the studies included in this analysis have been cross-sectional in nature ( Figure 4A ). Very few have been longitudinal, making it difficult for researchers to make causal claims about the impacts of sport events. Even when studies are longitudinal, they tend to only use two time points, typically a pre-event and a post-event measure (e.g., Lane et al., 2012 ; Ramchandani et al., 2017b ). Though the pre–post event design allows researchers to collect baseline data to highlight potential post-event changes in sport participation, multiple pre-event snapshots will allow for a clearer understanding of baseline, and multiple post-event assessments will allow for the long-term effects of potential impacts to be understood. The use of multiple time points (i.e., three or more) is necessary to understand the role that the specific event plays in any sport participation changes (Creswell, 2014 ). This type of longitudinal data would allow researchers to track possible behavioral changes as well as the nature of participation among the study population while considering important contextual factors such as the presence of a sport event.

Research design: Study design (A) , Methods, (B) , Type of data (C) , and Instruments (D) .

Moreover, researchers can also consider the lead-up to events in stimulating sport participation. Some studies have found that sport participation increases leading up to the Olympic Games but is not sustained (e.g., Wang and Theodoraki, 2007 ; Bauman et al., 2013 ), supporting the notion of Weed et al. ( 2015 ) on the pregnancy effect. Future research may want to consider the specific aspects of the pre-event atmosphere that stimulate sport participation and how to prolong those conditions to sustain participation.

The largest portion of studies employs a quantitative approach ( n = 49; 34%), including the use of nationally collected data ( Figure 4B ). Interestingly, Britain's Active Peoples Survey is used in a number of studies, coinciding with the theme of the London 2012 Olympics being heavily investigated (e.g., Bullough, 2012 ; Hughes, 2012 ; Carmichael et al., 2013 ). Although there has been a mix of qualitative ( n = 37; 25%), mixed methods ( n = 27; 19%), and conceptual ( n = 33; 22%) approaches to examining sport participation impacts of sport events, the use of more mixed methods research to investigate impacts of events might be helpful, as different data sources will provide an alternative perspective on a phenomenon (Creswell, 2014 ). For instance, a longitudinal, mixed methods design could be executed in the area or region where the event takes place. Community members (particularly youth), sport providers, and policymakers could all be interviewed pre- and post-event to better understand how the event (may/has) affected sport participation (or not) and why. Simultaneously, a longitudinal, quantitative approach can be executed in the same region, collecting benchmark measures pre-event as well as data about event experiences and post-event effect measures.

Moreover, it has been well-established in the literature that sport events are not likely to lead to mass-participation changes (e.g., McCartney et al., 2010 ; Weed et al., 2015 ; Annear et al., 2019 ), but rather targeted leveraging initiatives within specific contexts and targeted populations are needed (e.g., Misener, 2015 ; Chalip et al., 2017 ; Taks et al., 2018 ). As such, we encourage researchers to move away from population-level data and take on research methods that can support research aims that are more targeted to better understand and establish leveraging mechanisms in host communities. Such approaches can include participatory action research where researchers deliberately assist (sport) organizations with developing, implementing, and evaluating leveraging initiatives tied to events in their community.

Type of Data

The use of primary ( n = 65; 44%) and secondary ( n = 52; 36%) data is fairly evenly distributed among the studies included in this scoping review, along with studies that employ both types of data ( n = 22; 15%) ( Figure 4C ). There is a trend of the studies published in the early 2010s that investigated past events to see if there was a population-level change associated with major events. These studies, of course, would have used secondary data, which explains why there are so many studies in that category. For instance, Bauman et al. ( 2015 ) used population-level data to examine if there had been an increase in sport and physical activity among Australians immediately following the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. Similar studies were conducted with regard to the Greek population and the Athens 2004 Olympics (Pappous, 2011 ) and Canadians and the Vancouver 2010 Olympic Games (Perks, 2015 ).

The specific data collection instruments employed across all empirical studies ( n = 104) include surveys, with 43 studies employing primary data collection surveys and 10 using secondary survey data. Interviews ( n = 29) and document analyses ( n = 22) are also a popular means of data collection ( Figure 4D ). Less popular methods of data collection that have been employed are focus groups ( n = 2), membership data ( n = 4), observations ( n = 4), and diaries ( n = 4). The remaining studies were conceptual pieces ( n = 42) and thus did not employ specific methods of data collection. In line with our previous suggestion to execute longitudinal, mixed methods approaches for these types of studies, combining various types of data simultaneously is strongly encouraged to address more targeted research aims. For example, questionnaires measuring attitudes toward sport and physical activity at multiple time points can be conducted with participants simultaneously with journal entries to elaborate on cognitive and affective states while engaging with the sport event. Moreover, to assist youth in expressing their thoughts (Taylor, 2013 ), art-based methods of data collection can also be considered.

Research Findings

About a quarter of the studies supported that the event under investigation could positively impact sport participation ( n = 39; 27%); another quarter found that the sport event under investigation did not impact sport participation ( n = 37; 25%); and 51 (35%) of the studies found mixed results, meaning that the event in the study under investigation had an impact on participation under specific conditions and not in others, or it was not clear if the event had an impact. The remaining 13% ( n = 19) were commentary articles and thus did not include findings ( Figure 5 ). Note that impact, outcomes, legacies, and leveraging were not used as an extraction category. All papers with research findings related to any of these four concepts were included in this review. What is noticeable is that delineation between impacts, outcomes, and legacies were not always clear; these concepts were often used interchangeably. In studies reporting on leveraging, the concept was generally clearly defined, but these articles were limited and in an early stage of conceptual and theoretical development. Indeed, for the line of research addressing sport participation from sport events, clear definitions of the nature of sport participation impacts, outcomes, and leveraging should be established.

Research findings.

Youth vs. Adult Populations

In terms of both adult and youth populations, the results for sport participation outcomes are mixed. For instance, there was no increase in sport participation among Australian adults following the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games (Bauman et al., 2015 ), but Aizawa et al. ( 2018 ) found that the cohort of Japanese citizens that experienced the 1964 Tokyo Olympics were more active than those who had not. However, the causality of this relationship is unclear, since other initiatives (e.g., policies) may have stimulated participation for that particular generation.

For a youth population, Canadian female youth living in regions that housed Olympic venues where Canadian female athletes performed well during the 2010 Vancouver Olympics experienced significant increases in sport participation post-event, whereas male youth in the same regions and both male and female youth outside of the regions did not experience a significant change in participation (Potwarka and Leatherdale, 2016 ). It should be noted, however, that increased participation in this case does not necessarily mean that nonparticipants take up sport (i.e., current participants could be participating at higher rates or trying different sports).

Spectator vs. Participant Events

In terms of live spectatorship of elite sports, both Ramchandani and Coleman ( 2012 ) and Potwarka et al. ( 2017 ) found that the live event inspired spectators to increase their sport participation. Potwarka et al. ( 2017 ) found that cognitive dimensions of the spectator experience (i.e., fantasy, flow, evaluation, esthetics, and physical attractiveness) led to the inspiration, though inspiration does not guarantee participation. Ramchandani and Coleman ( 2012 ) suggested that spectators must be provided with information on how to change or increase participation based on inspiration from attending sport events. Indeed, much of the support for spectator events has been found in the live-spectatorship context. There remains much to be investigated about how spectator events can impact sport participation in terms of whether these impacts exist, to what extent, and under what circumstances.

Although there are less studies ( N = 26; 18%) investigating participant events ( Figure 3 ), participant events seem to be more effective at increasing sport participation than their spectator counterparts; the majority of studies ( n = 18) concluded that the event did indeed have a positive impact on sport participation. In terms of participant events, Stevinson and Hickson ( 2014 ) found that a fun run was effective in attracting non-runners to participate. Moreover, Bowles et al. ( 2006 ) found that for the novice participants and first-time participants of a cycling event, there was a significant increase in post-event participation. Finally, Crofts et al. ( 2012 ) found that shorter distance participant events have the potential to lead to future participation in other participant events. Seemingly, participant events have a stronger potential than spectator sport events to stimulate new participation in sport. Events can impact sport participation before, during, and after the event takes place, and consistent with previous research on participant events (e.g., Funk et al., 2011 ), participant events seem to be effective in stimulating sport participation in that participants train in preparation for the event and intend to remain active post-event (e.g., Bowles et al., 2006 ; Crofts et al., 2012 ; Stevinson and Hickson, 2014 ; Coleman and Sebire, 2017 ) possibly in preparation for the next participant event (Crofts et al., 2012 ).

Mega/Large vs. Small/Medium-Sized Events

Generally speaking, there is little evidence to support that mega sport events stimulate grassroot participation. Toohey ( 2008 ) found that the policies and funding for sport around the 2000 Olympic Games in Australia heavily favored elite athletes at the expense of grassroots participation. With respect to the London 2012 Olympic Games, few organizations were willing to take on the responsibility of delivering a sport participation legacy (Bloyce and Lovett, 2012 ), and those eventually charged with delivering the legacy (e.g., community sport clubs) lack the resources to do so (Hughes, 2012 ). The lack of support for sport impacts from mega sport events has largely been conceptualized as an “unmet legacy” (Bloyce and Lovett, 2012 ; Hughes, 2012 ; Orr, 2018 ).

Grix et al. ( 2017 ) found that when London was awarded the bid to host the 2012 Olympic Games, and leading up to the Games, there was an increase in participation among the London population, though participation levels declined back to pre-bid levels. Interestingly, Carter and Lorenc ( 2015 ) found that watching the elite athletes during the London 2012 Olympic Games could actually discourage inactive adults from participating in sport, while watching mass participation events and Paralympic athletes could serve to inspire participation.

Small and medium spectator events show mixed results as to whether or not the event had stimulated sport participation, as two studies concluded that the event under investigation had positively impacted sport participation (i.e., Ramchandani and Coleman, 2012 ; Ramchandani et al., 2015 ), while three studies concluded that the event had no impact on sport participation (i.e., Taks et al., 2014 ; Hodgetts and Duncan, 2015 ; Misener et al., 2015b ). Interestingly, six of the studies found mixed results in that there was not enough evidence to support a claim of increased participation or there was increased participation among certain populations and no changes in participation among others (i.e., Taks et al., 2013 , 2015 , 2018 ; Derom and VanWynsberghe, 2015 ; Misener, 2015 ; Hoskyn et al., 2018 ). There is an additional gap with regard to the role of smaller sport events in contributing to sport participation outcomes. As suggested by Taks ( 2013 ), smaller events may be more powerful in improving social benefits to host communities, including sport participation. Thus, an additional line of research should address the role of small events in impacting sport participation.

Effect of Event Leveraging

Effects of event leveraging studies looking into how to effectively leverage non-mega sport events for sport participation impacts show mixed results (Misener et al., 2015a ; Chalip et al., 2017 ; Hoskyn et al., 2018 ; Taks et al., 2018 ). Effective leveraging strategies have yet to be identified, with results largely indicating that sport clubs lack the capacity to engage in leveraging strategies (Taks et al., 2018 ) or event attendees engage minimally with leveraging initiatives (Hoskyn et al., 2018 ).

Future research should attempt to establish best practices for event leveraging and identify benchmarks for event practitioners to draw from. Furthermore, drawing from marketing theory (Kotler and Keller, 2009 ), the use of similar strategies to elicit participation at a population level is ineffective; different populations need different stimuli to elicit participation outcomes.

Limitations

As scoping reviews do not require an appraisal of research quality (Arksey and O'Malley, 2005 ), some of the articles included in the present scoping review could be of lower quality. Moreover, scoping reviews also do not involve a synthesis of research findings (Arksey and O'Malley, 2005 ), thus this project only briefly highlighted which types and sizes of sport events generate which outcomes, without addressing the ways that sport events can affect sport participation (if at all).

A scoping review was conducted to assess the current state of literature that addresses impacts, legacies, and leveraging of sport events for sport participation outcomes and the gaps in terms of study context and research designs. A summary of key findings discussed can be found in Table 3 .

Summary of key findings.

Studies looking into the potential impacts of sport events on sport participation tend to be cross-sectional in nature and primarily investigate adult populations or the population as a whole. These studies also tend to look into mega spectator-based events. This scoping review has provided several key insights for a research agenda for sport management scholars in the area of sport participation from sport events to subsequently inform sport policy and event planners and organizations. Moving forward, researchers should employ longitudinal investigations that collect data at multiple time points to help understand the specific role that the event plays in shaping attitudes, intentions, and behaviors toward sport participation. These investigations should also be more theory-driven. Specifically, behavior change theories may enhance our understanding of it and how behavioral outcomes (e.g., attitudes, intentions, and behaviors) toward sport participation are generated from sport events. However, given the use of limited, but various, theoretical lenses, a grounded-theory approach to exploring the phenomenon could also be considered to develop a theory of sport participation from sport events.

Furthermore, as many claims made about the impacts of sport events are made with regard to youth populations, future investigations should be conducted with these youth populations to better understand the role of the event with regard to youth. Moreover, and particularly relevant to sport management practitioners, participant events should also be considered as effective ways of increasing sport participation through events. If an important goal of hosting sport events is to increase participation in sport, hosting participant events should be considered, rather than spectator events, as this scoping review indicates that participant events may have more potential than spectator events in this regard. Alternatively, traditional spectator events, such as Olympics or PanAmerican Games, can consider implementing participant-based aspects, such as a mass participant event to help open the Games where citizens of the host region are invited to participate (e.g., Derom et al., 2015 ). Finally, more research is needed with regard to the role of small and medium sport events, both participant and spectator, in sport participation outcomes. As we can see from this scoping review, smaller participant events seem to have potential to increase sport participation; however, they are also underresearched. In summary, we recommend further lines of inquiry into the role and mechanisms of smaller events, both spectator and participant events, in impacting sport participation, as well as a focus on youth. Taking a longitudinal approach is also highly recommended.

Author Contributions

All authors listed have made a substantial, direct and intellectual contribution to the work, and approved it for publication.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Supplementary Material

The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2021.655579/full#supplementary-material

• Aizawa K., Wu J., Inoue Y., Sato M. (2018). Long-term impact of the Tokyo 1964 Olympic Games on sport participation: a cohort analysis . Sport Manag Rev . 21 , 86–97. 10.1016/j.smr.2017.05.001 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Allender S., Cowburn G., Foster C. (2006). Understanding participation in sport and physical activity among children and adults: a review of qualitative studies . Health Educ. Res . 21 , 826–835. 10.1093/her/cyl063 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Annear M. J., Shimizu Y., Kidokoro T. (2019). Sports mega-event legacies and adult physical activity: a systematic literature review and research agenda . Eur. J. Sport Sci . 19 , 671–685. 10.1080/17461391.2018.1554002 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Arksey H., O'Malley L. (2005). Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework . Int. J. Soc. Res. Methodol . 8 , 19–32. 10.1080/1364557032000119616 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Bauman A., Bellew B., Craig C. L. (2015). Did the 2000 Sydney Olympics increase physical activity among adult Australians? Br. J. Sports Med . 49 , 243–247. 10.1136/bjsports-2013-093149 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Bauman A. E., Murphy N., Matsudo V. (2013). Is a population-level physical activity legacy of the London 2012 Olympics likely? J. Phys. Act. Health 10 , 1–4. 10.1123/jpah.10.1.1 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Bell B., Daniels J. (2018). Sport development in challenging times: leverage of sport events for legacy in disadvantaged communities . Manag. Sport Leis . 23 , 369–390. 10.1080/23750472.2018.1563497 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Black A., Costello R., Craft A., Katene W. (2015). ‘It's all about developing the whole child': an examination of the ‘legacy' benefits of Youth Sport Trust's school-based inclusion initiatives . Eur. Phys. Educ. Rev . 21 , 362–378. 10.1177/1356336X15584089 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Bloyce D., Lovett E. (2012). Planning for the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic legacy: a figurational analysis . Int. J. Sport Policy Polit . 4 , 361–377. 10.1080/19406940.2012.740063 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Bowles H. R., Rissel C., Bauman A. (2006). Mass community cycling events: who participates and is their behaviour influenced by participation? Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act . 3 :39. 10.1186/1479-5868-3-39 [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Brown C., Pappous A. (2018). “The Legacy Element. It Just Felt More Woolly”: exploring the reasons for the decline in people with disabilities' sport participation in England 5 years after the London 2012 Paralympic Games . J. Sport Soc. Issues 42 , 343–368. 10.1177/0193723518781237 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Brown G., Essex S., Assaker G., Smith A. (2017). Event satisfaction and behavioural intentions: examining the impact of the London 2012 Olympic Games on participation in sport . Eur. Sport Manag. Q . 17 , 331–348. 10.1080/16184742.2017.1294193 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Bullough S. J. (2012). A new look at the latent demand for sport and its potential to deliver a positive legacy for London 2012 . Int. J. Sport Policy Polit . 4 , 39–54. 10.1080/19406940.2011.627357 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Carmichael F., Grix J., Marqués D. P. (2013). The Olympic legacy and participation in sport: an interim assessment of Sport England's Active People Survey for sports studies research . Int. J. Sport Policy Polit . 5 , 229–244. 10.1080/19406940.2012.656675 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Carter R. V., Lorenc T. (2015). A qualitative study into the development of a physical activity legacy from the London 2012 Olympic Games . Health Promot. Int . 30 , 793–802. 10.1093/heapro/dat066 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Chalip L. (2006). Towards social leverage of sport events . J. Sport Tour . 11 , 109–127. 10.1080/14775080601155126 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Chalip L. (2014). “From legacies to leverage,” in Leveraging Legacies From Sports Mega-Events: Concepts and Cases , ed Grix J. (London: Palgrave Pivot; ), 2–12. [ Google Scholar ]
• Chalip L., Green B. C., Taks M., Misener L. (2017). Creating sport participation from sport events: Making it happen . Int. J. Sport Policy Polit . 9 , 257–276. 10.1080/19406940.2016.1257496 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Charlton T. (2010). ‘Grow and Sustain': the role of community sports provision in promoting a participation legacy for the 2012 Olympic Games . Int. J. Sport Policy Polit . 2 , 347–366. 10.1080/19406940.2010.519340 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Chen S., Henry I. (2016). Evaluating the London 2012 Games' impact on sport participation in a non-hosting region: a practical application of realist evaluation . Leis. Stud . 35 , 685–707. 10.1080/02614367.2015.1040827 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Coalter F. (2004). “London 2012: a sustainable sporting legacy?,” in After the Goldrush: A Sustainable Olympics for London , eds Vigor A, Mean M. (London: ippra Demos; ), 14 . [ Google Scholar ]
• Coates J., Vickerman P. B. (2016). Paralympic legacy: exploring the impact of the Games on the perceptions of young people with disabilities . Adapt. Phys. Act Q . 33 , 338–357. 10.1123/APAQ.2014-0237 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Coleman S. J., Sebire S. J. (2017). Do people's goals for mass participation sporting events matter? A self-determination theory perspective . J. Public Health 39 , E202–E208. 10.1093/pubmed/fdw090 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Craig C. L., Bauman A. E. (2014). The impact of the Vancouver Winter Olympics on population level physical activity and sport participation among Canadian children and adolescents: population based study . Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act . 11 :107. 10.1186/s12966-014-0107-y [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Creswell J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches , 4th Edn. Thousan Oaks, CA: SAGE. [ Google Scholar ]
• Crofts C., Schofield G., Dickson G. (2012). Women-only mass participation sporting events: does participation facilitate changes in physical activity? Ann. Leis. Res . 15 , 148–159. 10.1080/11745398.2012.685297 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Darko N., Mackintosh C. (2016). ‘Don't you feel bad watching the Olympics, watching us?' A qualitative analysis of London 2012 Olympics influence on family sports participation and physical activity . Qual. Res. Sport Exerc. Health 8 , 45–60. 10.1080/2159676X.2015.1056825 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Derom I., VanWynsberghe R. (2015). Extending the benefits of leveraging cycling events: evidence from the Tour of Flanders . Eur. Sport Manag Q . 15 , 111–131. 10.1080/16184742.2014.997772 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Derom I., VanWynsberghe R., Scheerder J. (2015). Maintaining physical activity post-event? Case of the Tour of Flanders Cyclo in Belgium . Ann. Leis. Res . 18 , 25–47. 10.1080/11745398.2014.932699 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Dowling M., Leopkey B., Smith L. (2018). Governance in sport: a scoping review . J. Sport Manag . 32 , 438–451. 10.1123/jsm.2018-0032 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Dubnewick M., Hopper T., Spence J. C., McHugh T.-L. F. (2018). “There's a Cultural Pride Through Our Games”: enhancing the sport experiences of Indigenous youth in Canada through participation in Traditional Games . J. Sport Soc Issues 42 , 207–226. 10.1177/0193723518758456 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Filo K., Lock D., Karg A. (2015). Sport and social media research: a review . Sport Manag Rev . 18 , 166–181. 10.1016/j.smr.2014.11.001 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Funk D., Jordan J., Ridinger L., Kaplanidou K. (2011). Capacity of mass participant sport events for the development of activity commitment and future exercise intention . Leis. Sci . 33 , 250–268. 10.1080/01490400.2011.564926 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Gammon S. (2012). “Sports events: typologies, people and place,” in The Routledge Handbook of Events , eds Page SJ, Connell J. (London: Routledge; ), 104–118. [ Google Scholar ]
• Geurin A. N., Naraine M. L. (2020). 20 years of Olympic media research: trends and future directions . Front. Sports Act Liv . 2 :572495. 10.3389/fspor.2020.572495 [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Girginov V. (2016). Has the London 2012 Olympic Inspire programme inspired a generation? A realist view . Eur. Phys. Educ. Rev . 22 , 490–505. 10.1177/1356336X15623169 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Grant M. J., Booth A. (2009). A typology of reviews: an analysis of 14 review types and associated methodologies . Health Inf. Libr. J . 26 , 91–108. 10.1111/j.1471-1842.2009.00848.x [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Griffiths M., Armour K. (2013). Physical education and youth sport in England: conceptual and practical foundations for an Olympic legacy? Int. J. Sport Policy Polit . 5 , 213–227. 10.1080/19406940.2012.656676 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Grix J., Brannagan P. M., Wood H., Wynne C. (2017). State strategies for leveraging sports mega-events: Unpacking the concept of ‘legacy.' Int. J. Sport Policy Polit . 9 , 203–218. 10.1080/19406940.2017.1316761 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Hayday E. J., Pappous A., Koutrou N. (2017). Leveraging the sport participation legacy of the London 2012 Olympics: senior managers' perceptions . Int. J. Sport Policy Polit . 9 , 349–369. 10.1080/19406940.2016.1255241 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Hindson A., Gidlow B., Peebles C. (1994). The ‘trickle-down'effect of top level sport: myth or reality? A case study of the Olympics . Aust. J. Leis. Recreat . 4 , 16–24. [ Google Scholar ]
• Hodgetts D., Duncan M. J. (2015). Quantitative analysis of sport development event legacy: an examination of the Australian Surf Life Saving Championships . Eur. Sport Manag Q . 15 , 364–380. 10.1080/16184742.2015.1021824 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Hoskyn K., Dickson G., Sotiriadou P. (2018). Leveraging medium-sized sport events to attract club participants . Mark. Intell. Plan . 36 , 199–212. 10.1108/MIP-04-2017-0063 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Hughes K. (2012). “Mega sports events and the potential to create a legacy of increased sport participation in the host country,” in International Sports Events: Impacts, Experiences and Identities , eds Shipway R., Fyall A. (New York, NY: Routledge; ), 42–54. [ Google Scholar ]
• Inoue Y., Berg B. K., Chelladurai P. (2015). Spectator sport and population health: a scoping study . J. Sport Manag . 29 , 705–725. 10.1123/JSM.2014-0283 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Kohe G. Z. (2017). London 2012 (Re)calling: youth memories and Olympic ‘legacy' ether in the hinterland . Int. Rev. Sociol. Sport . 52 , 24–44. 10.1177/1012690215581604 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Kohe G. Z., Bowen-Jones W. (2016). Rhetoric and realities of London 2012 Olympic education and participation ‘legacies': Voices from the core and periphery . Sport Educ. Soc . 21 , 1213–1229. 10.1080/13573322.2014.997693 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Kotler P., Keller K. L. (2009). Marketing Management , 13th Edn. Pearson. [ Google Scholar ]
• Lane A., Murphy N., Bauman A., Chey T. (2012). Active for a day: predictors of relapse among previously active mass event participants . J. Phys. Act. Health 9 , 48–52. 10.1123/jpah.9.1.48 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Lovett E., Bloyce D. (2017). What happened to the legacy from London 2012? A sociological analysis of the processes involved in preparing for a grassroots sporting legacy from London 2012 outside of the host city . Sport Soc . 20 , 1625–1643. 10.1080/17430437.2017.1284813 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Mackintosh C., Darko N., Rutherford Z., Wilkins H.-M. (2015). A qualitative study of the impact of the London 2012 Olympics on families in the East Midlands of England: lessons for sports development policy and practice . Sport Educ. Soc . 20 , 1065–1087. 10.1080/13573322.2014.881337 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• McCartney G., Thomas S., Thomson H., Scott J., Hamilton V., Hanlon P., et al.. (2010). The health and socioeconomic impacts of major multi-sport events: systematic review (1978-2008) . BMJ 340 :c2369. 10.1136/bmj.c2369 [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Misener L. (2015). Leveraging parasport events for community participation: development of a theoretical framework . Eur. Sport Manag Q . 15 , 132–153. 10.1080/16184742.2014.997773 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Misener L., McGillivray D., McPherson G., Legg D. (2015a). Leveraging parasport events for sustainable community participation: The Glasgow 2014 Commonwealth Games . Ann. Leis. Res . 18 , 450–469. 10.1080/11745398.2015.1045913 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Misener L., Taks M., Chalip L., Green B. C. (2015b). The elusive “trickle-down effect” of sport events: assumptions and missed opportunities . Manag. Sport Leis . 20 , 135–156. 10.1080/23750472.2015.1010278 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Müller M. (2015). The mega-event syndrome: why so much goes wrong in mega-event planning and what to do about it . J. Am. Plann. Assoc . 81 , 6–17. 10.1080/01944363.2015.1038292 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Orr M. (2018). Blinded by gold: Toronto sports community ignores negative legacies of 2015 Pan Am Games . Event Manag . 22 , 367–378. 10.3727/152599518X15252008713173 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Pappous A. (2011). “Do the olympic games lead to a sustainable increase in grassroots sport participation? A secondary analysis of Athens 2004,” in Sustainability and Sport , eds Savery J., Gilbert K.(Champaign, IL: Common Ground; ), 81–87. [ Google Scholar ]
• Perks T. (2015). Exploring an Olympic “legacy”: sport participation in Canada before and after the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics . Can. Rev. Sociol. Can. Sociol . 52 , 462–474. 10.1111/cars.12087 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Potwarka L. R., Drewery D., Snelgrove R., Havitz M. E., Mair H. (2017). Modeling a demonstration effect: the case of spectators' experiences at 2015 Pan Am Games' track cycling competitions . Leis. Sci . 40 , 578–600. 10.1080/01490400.2017.1325796 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Potwarka L. R., Leatherdale S. T. (2016). The Vancouver 2010 Olympics and leisure-time physical activity rates among youth in Canada: Any evidence of a trickle-down effect? Leis. Stud . 35 , 241–257. 10.1080/02614367.2015.1040826 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Potwarka L. R., Wicker P. (2021). Conditions under which Trickle-Down Effects occur: a Realist Synthesis approach . Sustainability 13 :69. 10.3390/su13010069 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Preuss H. (2019). Event legacy framework and measurement . Int. J. Sport Policy Polit . 11 , 103–118. 10.1080/19406940.2018.1490336 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Ramchandani G., Coleman R., Christy E. (2017a). The sport participation legacy of major events in the UK . Health Promot Int . 34 , 82–94. 10.1093/heapro/dax061 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Ramchandani G., Coleman R. J., Bingham J. (2017b). Sport participation behaviours of spectators attending major sports events and event induced attitudinal changes towards sport . Int. J. Event Festiv. Manag Bingley 8 , 121–135. 10.1108/IJEFM-02-2016-0014 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Ramchandani G., Davies L. E., Coleman R., Shibli S., Bingham J. (2015). Limited or lasting legacy? The effect of non-mega sport event attendance on participation . Eur. Sport Manag. Q . 15 , 93–110. 10.1080/16184742.2014.996583 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Ramchandani G. M., Coleman R. J. (2012). The inspirational effects of three major sport events . Int. J. Event Festiv. Manag. Bingley 3 , 257–271. 10.1108/17582951211262693 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Sandercock G. R. H., Beedie C., Mann S. (2016). Is Olympic inspiration associated with fitness and physical activity in English schoolchildren? A repeated cross-sectional comparison before and 18 months after London 2012 . BMJ Open 6 :e011670. 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011670 [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Selvanayagam M., Thompson C., Taylor S. J. C., Cummins S., Bourke L. (2012). How might the London 2012 Olympics influence health and the determinants of health? Local newspaper analysis of pre-Games pathways and impacts . BMJ Open 2 :e001791. 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001791 [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Silvey D., Buote R., Donovan C., Dubrowski A. (2018). Impacts of the 2018 Newfoundland and Labrador Winter Games on youth who participated in the sport of Olympic Wrestling with Team Indigenous . Phys. Health Educ. J. Glos . 84 , 1–20. [ Google Scholar ]
• Smith N. R., Lewis D. J., Fahy A., Eldridge S., Taylor S. J., Moore D. G., et al.. (2015). Individual socio-demographic factors and perceptions of the environment as determinants of inequalities in adolescent physical and psychological health: the Olympic Regeneration in East London (ORiEL) study . BMC Public Health 15 :150. 10.1186/s12889-015-1459-1 [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Stevinson C., Hickson M. (2014). Exploring the public health potential of a mass community participation event . J. Public Health . 36 , 268–274. 10.1093/pubmed/fdt082 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Stokols D. (1992). Establishing and maintaining healthy environments: toward a social ecology of health promotion . Am. Psychol . 47 , 6–22. 10.1037/0003-066X.47.1.6 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Such E. (2016). The Olympic family? Young people, family practices and the London 2012 Olympic Games . Int. J. Sport Policy Polit . 8 , 189–206. 10.1080/19406940.2015.1105278 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Taks M. (2013). Social sustainability of non-mega sport events in a global world . Eur. J. Sport Soc . 10 , 121–141. 10.1080/16138171.2013.11687915 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Taks M., Chalip L., Green B. C. (2015). Impacts and strategic outcomes from non-mega sport events for local communities . Eur. Sport Manag. Q . 15 , 1–6. 10.1080/16184742.2014.995116 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Taks M., Green B. C., Misener L., Chalip L. (2014). Evaluating sport development outcomes: the case of a medium-sized international sport event . Eur. Sport Manag. Q . 14 , 213–237. 10.1080/16184742.2014.882370 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Taks M., Green B. C., Misener L., Chalip L. (2018). Sport participation from sport events: why it doesn't happen? Mark. Intell. Plan . 36 , 185–198. 10.1108/MIP-05-2017-0091 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Taks M., Misener L., Chalip L., Green B. C. (2013). Leveraging sport events for participation . Can. J. Soc. Res . 3 , 12–23. [ Google Scholar ]
• Taylor B. (2013). “Creative form of qualitative data collection and analysis,” in Qualitative Research in the Health Sciences: Methodologies, Methods and Processes , 1st Edn, eds Taylor B., Francis K. (Abingdon, VA: Routledge; ), 266–284. [ Google Scholar ]
• Teare G., Taks M. (2020). Extending the scoping review framework: a guide for interdisciplinary researchers . Int. J. Soc. Res. Methodol . 23 , 311–315. 10.1080/13645579.2019.1696092 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Thompson A., Cuskelly G., Toohey K., Kennelly M., Burton P., Fredline L. (2019). Sport event legacy: a systematic quantitative review of literature . Sport Manag. Rev . 22 , 295–321. 10.1016/j.smr.2018.06.011 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Thomson A., Kennelly M., Toohey K. (2020). A systematic quantitative literature review of empirical research on large-scale sport events' social legacies . Leis. Stud . 39 , 859–876. 10.1080/02614367.2020.1800804 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Toohey K. (2008). The Sydney Olympics: striving for legacies – overcoming short-term disappointments and long-term deficiencies . Int. J. Hist. Sport 25 , 1953–1971. 10.1080/09523360802439270 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Veal A. J., Toohey K., Frawley S. (2012). The sport participation legacy of the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games and other international sporting events hosted in Australia . J. Policy Res. Tour Leis. Events 4 , 155–184. 10.1080/19407963.2012.662619 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Wang W., Theodoraki E. (2007). Mass sport policy development in the Olympic City: the case of Qingdao — host to the 2008 sailing regatta . J. R. Soc. Promot. Health 127 , 125–132. 10.1177/1466424007077345 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Weed M., Coren E., Fiore J., Wellard I., Chatziefstathiou D., Mansfield L., et al.. (2015). The Olympic Games and raising sport participation: a systematic review of evidence and an interrogation of policy for a demonstration effect . Eur. Sport Manag. Q . 15 , 195–226. 10.1080/16184742.2014.998695 [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Wellings K., Datta J., Wilkinson P., Petticrew M. (2011). The 2012 Olympics: assessing the public health effect . Lancet 378 , 1193–1195. 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60550-3 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
• Whittemore R., Chao A., Jang M., Minges K. E., Park C. (2014). Methods for knowledge synthesis: an overview . Heart Lung 43 , 453–461. 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2014.05.014 [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]

Home — Essay Samples — Life — Fitness — My Fitness Plan: Reflective Analysis

My Fitness Plan: Reflective Analysis

• Categories: Fitness Healthy Lifestyle Physical Exercise

About this sample

Words: 835 |

Published: Apr 11, 2019

Words: 835 | Pages: 2 | 5 min read

Table of contents

Fitness program, interpretation of my current fitness levels, works cited:, how these activities improved my stress levels, impact these activities have had on my emotional and social well-being, the success of self-set goals at the beginning of the program.

• About. (n.d.). Black Lives Matter. Retrieved from https://blacklivesmatter.com/about/
• About Dr. King. (n.d.). The Martin Luther King Jr. Center for Nonviolent Social Change. Retrieved from https://thekingcenter.org/about-dr-king/
• Encyclopedia of Alabama. (n.d.). Montgomery Bus Boycott. Retrieved from http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/h-1560
• King, M. L., & Carson, C. (2015). The essential writings and speeches of Martin Luther King, Jr. HarperCollins.
• Morris, A. D. (2013). The Scholar Denied: W. E. B. Du Bois and the Birth of Modern Sociology. University of California Press.
• Parker, C. (2018). Martin Luther King Jr.: A life. Beacon Press.
• Reid, P. (2018). The United States of America, 1765-1865: Slave Empires and the Kingdom of Cotton. Routledge.
• Sitkoff, H. (2011). The struggle for Black equality. Hill and Wang.
• Taylor, C. (2018). From #BlackLivesMatter to Black liberation. Haymarket Books.
• Waldschmidt-Nelson, B. (2017). Who Speaks for the Negro?: Confronting the Jim Crow South. University Press of Kentucky.

Cite this Essay

Let us write you an essay from scratch

• 450+ experts on 30 subjects ready to help
• Custom essay delivered in as few as 3 hours

Get high-quality help

Dr. Heisenberg

Verified writer

• Expert in: Life Nursing & Health

+ 120 experts online

By clicking “Check Writers’ Offers”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy . We’ll occasionally send you promo and account related email

No need to pay just yet!

Related Essays

1 pages / 589 words

2 pages / 959 words

2 pages / 1013 words

2 pages / 946 words

Remember! This is just a sample.

You can get your custom paper by one of our expert writers.

121 writers online

Still can’t find what you need?

Browse our vast selection of original essay samples, each expertly formatted and styled

Physical fitness is an essential aspect of human health and well-being. It is not just a temporary goal that we set for ourselves; rather, it is a lifetime commitment that we must make to ourselves. Maintaining an active [...]

Obesity has become a significant public health concern globally, with a high prevalence rate in both developed and developing countries. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), obesity has more than doubled since 1980, [...]

Running is a popular form of exercise that offers numerous health benefits. Whether you are a seasoned marathon runner or just starting out with a few laps around the block, running can have a positive impact on your physical [...]

Keeping physically fit requires resolve! Nothing is more important than deciding to follow a fitness plan. Around the holidays so many of us make a New Year's resolution to get fit and healthy, but I'm here to tell you that [...]

I want to share my fitness story in this essay. When I started my fitness program I set out what I wanted by setting up the plan of what my goals would be. I know how I can be extremely lazy at times and I wanted to break the [...]

Fitness is a general term used to describe the ability to perform physical work. It includes the following components: Health-related components like Cardiorespiratory endurance, Muscular endurance, Muscular Strength, [...]

Related Topics

By clicking “Send”, you agree to our Terms of service and Privacy statement . We will occasionally send you account related emails.

Where do you want us to send this sample?

By clicking “Continue”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy.

Be careful. This essay is not unique

This essay was donated by a student and is likely to have been used and submitted before

Download this Sample

Free samples may contain mistakes and not unique parts

Sorry, we could not paraphrase this essay. Our professional writers can rewrite it and get you a unique paper.

Please check your inbox.

We can write you a custom essay that will follow your exact instructions and meet the deadlines. Let's fix your grades together!

Get Your Personalized Essay in 3 Hours or Less!

We use cookies to personalyze your web-site experience. By continuing we’ll assume you board with our cookie policy .

• Instructions Followed To The Letter
• Deadlines Met At Every Stage
• Unique And Plagiarism Free

Home / Essay Samples / Life / Fitness / Achieving Physical Fitness: An Informative Guide

Achieving Physical Fitness: An Informative Guide

• Category: Life , Health
• Topic: Fitness , Healthy Lifestyle , Physical Exercise

Pages: 2 (1127 words)

• Downloads: -->

--> ⚠️ Remember: This essay was written and uploaded by an--> click here.

Found a great essay sample but want a unique one?

are ready to help you with your essay

You won’t be charged yet!

Assisted Suicide Essays

Drug Addiction Essays

Alcohol Abuse Essays

Smoking Essays

Underage Drinking Essays

Related Essays

We are glad that you like it, but you cannot copy from our website. Just insert your email and this sample will be sent to you.

By clicking “Send”, you agree to our Terms of service  and  Privacy statement . We will occasionally send you account related emails.

Your essay sample has been sent.

In fact, there is a way to get an original essay! Turn to our writers and order a plagiarism-free paper.

samplius.com uses cookies to offer you the best service possible.By continuing we’ll assume you board with our cookie policy .--> -->