what can i do with a phd in forestry

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• PhD Forest Science

Forest Science, Doctor of Philosophy

• Available Emphasis Areas:
• Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology - Emphasis
• Forest Science Coursework

This is the terminal degree in the profession of forestry, and it prepares you for a career in research and/or education. We offer three concentrations within this doctoral plan-ecosystem science, forest management sciences and economics, and forest social science.    For this plan, which involves completing a dissertation, we expect you to demonstrate your skill in generating original ideas; your considerable command of the literature; your skill at designing, analyzing, and interpreting research; your skill in scientific writing, including publication of research results in major professional refereed journals; and your basic skills in teaching. We expect you to be self-motivated and to largely direct your own research program with advice and counsel from your major professor and dissertation committee. We evaluate your work on the basis of the originality and quality of the new knowledge you generate.

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To receive a Doctor of Philosophy Degree (PhD) at Northern Arizona University, you must complete a planned group of courses, from one or more disciplines, ranging from at least 60 - 109 units of graduate-level courses. Most plans require research, a dissertation, and comprehensive exams. All plans have residency requirements regarding time spent on the Flagstaff campus engaged in full-time study. The full policy can be viewed here.

Overview Accordion Closed

In addition to University Requirements:

• Attend the seminar series in the School of Forestry and present two seminars
• Complete some teaching experience, regardless of the type of your financial support
• Fulfill Northern Arizona University's residency requirements (for more information about residency and other requirements that pertain to this plan, see Doctoral Requirements)
• Pass the oral exam on your dissertation (Dissertation Defense)
• Complete Coursework

Purpose Statement The Doctor of Philosophy in Forestry (PhD) is the terminal degree offered in the profession of Forestry.  The PhD prepares students to be professional researchers and educators by extensive study of Forestry and the development of original scientific research and knowledge through the completion of the dissertation. The PhD trains students for positions such as professor, instructor, conservation specialist, postdoctoral researcher, and forest health specialist in governmental and non-governmental agencies and organizations.   The PhD program is appropriate for students with a Master’s degree in Forestry or closely related disciplines.  Students lacking a Master’s but having a Bachelor’s degree may be eligible for admission if they have significant research and experience beyond the Bachelor’s degree.  PhD students are expected to generate original scientific ideas and knowledge, have a command of the literature, and have advanced skills in designing, analyzing, and interpreting research, scientific writing, and college teaching.   The PhD program emphasizes training in the focus areas of ecosystem, forest management, and forest social sciences; college teaching; research methods and statistics; quantitative analysis; professional presentations; emerging issues in forestry; and electives that provide advanced training in specific skills.  The dissertation showcases student’s command of the literature; generation of original scientific ideas; research design, execution, analysis, and interpretation; and scientific writing.

Ecology, Evolution & Conservation Biology (EECB) Emphasis The PhD includes an optional multi-disciplinary emphasis in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology (EECB).  The EECB emphasis provides a structured curriculum for students wanting to focus on ecology and conservation biology within the context of forest science.  The course requirements of the EECB are designed to be taken as elective hours within the PhD degree. 

Student Learning Outcomes Core Forestry Outcomes

• Demonstrate the ability to apply graduate level critical thinking skills to identify, explain, synthesize and solve complex professional forestry problems through acquisition and application of fundamental knowledge of forest ecosystems and human management of forests.
• Demonstrate mastery about a specific research topic in forest science (dissertation topic).
• Apply an understanding of professional ethics to forest research and professional activities.
• Design a forestry research study including planning, organizing, scheduling and executing the project.
• Design and execute a forest science research project that seeks to generate new knowledge and advance the scientific understanding of forests.
• Select, implement and interpret appropriate methods and statistical analyses for research projects.
• Effectively communicate through written, oral and visual means, a forest science research project, demonstrating the ability to communicate forest science research to technical and non-technical audiences.
• Design and implement a college-level course in the forest sciences or related fields, using innovative and learner-centered teaching approaches.
• Demonstrate the ability to synthesize and discuss the history and conceptual and theoretical foundations of ecology.
• Demonstrate the ability to discuss current and emerging topics in ecology, evolution, and conservation biology with peers and experts.
• Demonstrate the ability to use quantitative research approaches in ecology, evolution, and conservation biology.
• Demonstrate an understanding of ecology, evolution, and conservation biology at physiological, population, and community scales.
• Demonstrate an understanding of ecology, evolution, and conservation biology at ecosystem and global scales

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Graduate admission information.

The NAU graduate online application is required for all programs. Admission to many graduate programs is on a competitive basis, and programs may have higher standards than those established by the Graduate College. Admission requirements include the following:

• Transcripts.
• Undergraduate degree from a regionally accredited institution with a 3.0 GPA on a 4.0 scale ("A" = 4.0), or the equivalent.

Visit the NAU Graduate Admissions website for additional information about graduate school application deadlines, eligibility for study, and admissions policies. Ready to apply? Begin your application now.

International applicants have additional admission requirements. Please see the International Graduate Admissions Policy .

Additional Admission Requirements

Individual program admission requirements over and above admission to NAU are required.

• GRE® revised General Test
• Three letters of recommendation
• Demonstrated competence in scientific research usually through completion of a Master of Science (thesis option).
• Prerequisites (may be completed concurrently with the program)
• 15 hours of Forestry coursework
• Statement of research interests
• Resume or curriculum vitae
• All applicants should make contact with potential faculty members in the department BEFORE APPLYING.

Doctoral Requirements

This Doctoral degree requires 63 units distributed as follows:

• Forestry Common Requirements: 23 units
• Ecosystem Science
• Forest Management Sciences
• Forest Social Sciences
• Electives or the Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology Emphasis: 10 units 
• Dissertation: 15 units

Take the following 63 units: Forestry Common Requirements (23 units):

• FOR 505 , FOR 690 , FOR 692 , FOR 693 (8 units)
• STA 570 , STA 571 , STA 572 , STA 574 , STA 676 or other graduate-level courses with significant content in statistics
• Forest Science coursework and/or electives, with the recommendation of your research committee (9 units)
• FOR 500 , FOR 504 , FOR 515 , FOR 520 , FOR 544 , FOR 545 , FOR 550 , FOR 551 , FOR 552 , FOR 553 , FOR 554 , FOR 560 , FOR 563 , FOR 580 , FOR 582 , FOR 604
• FOR 500 , FOR 525 , FOR 542 , FOR 545 , FOR 551 , FOR 565 , FOR 573 , FOR 593 , FOR 633
• FOR 515 , FOR 573 , FOR 590 , FOR 605
• GSP 698 (when offered as "Planning for Small Communities and Rural Areas")
• POS 658 , POS 659

Select one of the following: Forest Science elective coursework (10 units)

• Additional Forest Science electives completed with the recommendation of your research committee. 
• BIO 577 or ENV 577 or FOR 577 (3 units)
• Select one seminar course from: FOR 505 , BIO 698 (1 unit)
• Breadth Courses (9 units): Select one course from each of the following groups:

Please note that you must take at least two of these courses at Northern Arizona University and get your dissertation committee's approval for any courses taken elsewhere. Additionally, you can use FOR 506 and FOR 695 , as well as special topics courses offered by other departments, in any of these concentrations, with approval by your dissertation committee.

• FOR 799 , for the research, writing, and oral defense of an approved dissertation (15 units)
• Electives, with no more that 9 units of 400-level courses. Electives may include the Ecology, Evolution & Conservation Biology Emphasis - see below. (19 units)
• Quantitative: BIO 523 , BIO 580 , BIO 676 , FOR 606 , ( EES 529 or GSP 529 ) or other graduate-level coursework in quantitative ecology at NAU, guided and approved by advisor input. 
• Physiological/population/community: BIO 570 , BIO 571 , BIO 573 , BIO 663 , BIO 673 , ENV 540 , FOR 504 , FOR 517 , FOR 520 , FOR 543 , FOR 545 , FOR 550 , FOR 551 , FOR 552 , FOR 553 , FOR 560 , FOR 580 , FOR 582 , FOR 604 , or other graduate-level coursework in physiological, population, or community ecology at NAU, guided and approved by advisor input. 
• Ecosystem/global: ( BIO 507 or FOR 507 ) BIO 578 , ENV 571 , FOR 515 , FOR 544 , or other graduate-level coursework in ecosystem/global ecology at NAU, guided and approved by advisor input.

Please note that you can only count 15 units of dissertation credit toward your degree; however, you may end up taking additional units since you must enroll each term while you're working on your dissertation.   In choosing courses, please be aware that:

• At least 39 units must be 500- and 600-level courses.
• No more than 24 units from a master's plan can be credited toward degree requirements.
• Your dissertation committee must approve all of your courses.

Be aware that some courses may have prerequisites that you must also successfully complete. For prerequisite information, click on the course or see your advisor.

Research Requirements In addition to completing 48 units of coursework, you must demonstrate your independence, research skill, and experience in a discipline within forestry by choosing a problem and research area in consultation with your dissertation committee and then satisfactorily completing a dissertation. Your dissertation research meets our standards when it is soundly based in the theoretical context of the subject, proceeds with a sound design that gives due attention to statistical adequacy, and concludes with findings and inferences set forth within an appropriate theoretical context. Your dissertation must demonstrate that you have mastered your field of specialization, carried out independent scholarly work, and contributed significant new knowledge. You must successfully pass an oral defense of your dissertation. Comprehensive Exams We also require that you demonstrate written and oral communication skills in English at a level that will allow you to effectively communicate your ideas and knowledge to a wide range of audiences. Part of this demonstration involves comprehensive written and oral exams designed to establish your competence in a breadth and depth of subjects within the larger field of forestry. Research Competency Requirement Northern Arizona University policy for PhD programs includes a Research Competency requirement that must be satisfied before a student can be admitted to candidacy. In most departments, this is enforced as a requirement to demonstrate an ability to translate disciplinary literature from a foreign language into English. The School of Forestry has chosen to recognize FOR 690 , STA 570 (or equivalent), plus one graduate-level course with significant content in statistics, as meeting this requirement.

Additional Information

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• Fire Science Forestry Careers

What You Can Do with a Forestry Degree Careers, Internships & Volunteer Positions

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• Pros & Cons
• Internship & Volunteer Positions

Expert Interview

Forestry careers take many forms and provide opportunities to engage in both hands-on and theoretical work. Whether they’re interested in working outside to survey land or propagate forests, using computer mapping programs to monitor forested areas, helping companies make sure they are compliant with environmental regulations, fighting and preventing forest fires or advocating for conservation-focused legislation, students can follow forestry career paths that align with their individual interests, skills and needs. Prospective students can learn about the varied range of careers they can follow with a degree in forestry and take advantage of internships, volunteer opportunities and professional organizations to help them along the way.

What Careers Can You Pursue with a Forestry Degree?

Forestry, environmental science and policy, environmental engineering and forest resources management are popular majors for those seeking forestry careers, but students can also pursue many other types of forestry degree programs . While there can be a lot of overlap in the careers available to those with different degrees, opportunities can vary depending on the major and degree-level sought.

These popular forestry careers can give students an idea of the range of work available and what different jobs entail.

Foresters play important roles in land management, conservation and rehabilitation. They plan and help carry out forestry projects, like planting new trees, monitoring and conserving wildlife habitats, choosing and preparing timber plots, assessing current timber value and suppressing forest fires. They may supervise forest and conservation technicians and ensure that projects are completed legally and consciously.

• Median annual salary: $60,120
• Estimated job growth 2016-26: 5-9%

A bachelor’s degree in forestry or a related field, such as agricultural science or environmental science. Foresters may perform a variety of duties and use skills in identification, math, decision-making, short- and long-term planning, mapping, data analysis and physical labor.

Forest and Conservation Technician

Forest and conservation technicians tend to work with and under the direction of foresters and conservation scientists to successfully carry out forest-related projects. Technicians may gather forest data, like the content and quality of soil, water and wildlife populations, survey and map forest areas and keep records of logging activities. These workers can help with forest propagation and conservation and may engage in seasonal activities, like planting seedlings and suppressing and preventing forest fires. They may also coordinate education and training programs.

• Median annual salary: $36,130
• Estimated job growth 2016-26: 2-4%

A diploma or associate’s degree is usually the minimum requirement. However, those who wish to become conservation scientists in the future may consider earning a bachelor’s degree in forestry, environmental science or a related field. Forest and conservation technicians must have strong communication, critical thinking, math and analytical skills. They should also be able to work outside for long periods of time.

Log Grader and Scaler

Log graders and scalers play an essential role in the logging and timber industries. They examine cut timber for its potential market value and rate logs based on their characteristics. They also assess logs and pulpwood based on certain criteria; look for defects; measure weight, volume and dimensions; and identify species.

• Median annual salary: $37,880
• Estimated job growth 2016-26: -2%

A high school diploma or some college. Related experience or job-specific training may be required or preferred. They also must have sharp eyesight to help them make assessments and identifications, and should be able to record data accurately. Precise math skills are helpful in this line of work, which often requires detailed measuring and weighing.

Logging Equipment Operator

Logging equipment operators are charged with driving and controlling the vehicles and machines used on logging sites. Understanding and maintaining safety standards while using bulldozer blades, shears, winches, hoists, cranes and other equipment is essential. These operators must use their equipment to fell trees, move and stack logs, clear brush and other debris and dislodge stumps. They also perform basic maintenance on machines to ensure they’re in good working order.

• Median annual salary: $38,390

A high school diploma or equivalent. On the job training is common, as it’s important to have a strong understanding of the equipment used. Active listening skills, quick reactions and the ability to follow instructions precisely are necessary.

Forest Fire Inspection and Prevention Specialist

Forest fire inspection and prevention specialists combine former firefighting experience and skills with knowledge of laws, regulations and hazard prevention. They assess forested areas for hazards and take steps to prevent fires, report and investigate fires when they do occur and check nearby areas to make sure they’re not violating codes and regulations or posing wildfire risks.

• Median annual salary: $37,380
• Estimated job growth 2016-26: 15%

A high school diploma plus experience as a firefighter, but some employers prefer a bachelor’s degrees. Fields of study may include fire science, engineering or chemistry. On the job and classroom training in investigation is usually provided. Having strong communication and critical thinking skills, attention to detail and physical strength are very useful.

Forest and Wildland Firefighter

Forest and wildland firefighters focus their attention on the prevention and suppression of fires in areas with little human presence. They’re usually specially trained to control forest fires with heavy hoses and calculated use of fire lines and controlled burns. Smoke jumpers are wildland firefighters trained to parachute from airplanes to reach and control fires in hard-to-access areas.

• Median annual salary: $49,080

A high school diploma at minimum, but since firefighters need EMT training, many have college experience or degrees at the associate or bachelor’s level. Forest firefighters and wildland firefighters usually need specialized training and a few years of firefighting experience. Strength, stamina and the ability to think quickly and make decisions under duress are important.

Fallers use cutting tools, like chainsaws and axes, and specialized techniques to fell trees safely and with minimal fall damage. Fallers are in charge of assessing trees and making precise cut decisions to control the direction in which trees fall. This involves gauging tree lean and limb density and surveying the fall area. Fallers must also make sure that escape routes are clear and accessible. Fallers work closely and collaborate with buckers, climbers and logging equipment operators.

• Median annual salary: $40,690

A high school diploma and on-the-job training, although students can pursue associate degrees and certificates in forest technology. Keen eyesight, physical strength, stamina and quick reactions are helpful, as is the ability to learn and use job-specific software, equipment and programs.

Forest Ranger (Fish and Game Warden)

Forest rangers often work for national and state forests and ensure these areas are well-maintained and healthy. They may enforce laws, survey the land, engage in conservation and repopulation efforts, educate visitors and make sure they are safe, monitor wildlife, gather data on tree and other plant populations, clear walking paths, prevent and suppress wildfires and conduct search and rescue missions. They may also spend a good amount of time writing data and activity reports on site or in nearby facilities.

• Median annual salary: $56,410

A bachelor’s degrees in areas like forestry, wildlife science and natural resources management. Must have knowledge of relevant laws, communication and reasoning skills, and the ability to work independently.

Environmental Compliance Inspector

Environmental compliance inspectors use their knowledge of federal, state and local laws and on-site fieldwork to investigate pollution and contamination issues and pinpoint their sources. They work to ensure that those responsible for pollution engage in environmental remediation–active efforts to remove pollutants from an area and restore its health–and that they do so safely and legally.

• Median annual salary: $67,870

Environmental and compliance inspectors usually have at least a bachelor’s degree in a business-related field. They typically receive on the job training and must also have a solid knowledge of laws and regulations related to environmental compliance and remediation. Written and face-to-face communication skills are important in this field, as are observation, analytical, documentation, critical thinking and reasoning skills. Understanding of chemistry is also helpful.

Post-secondary Forestry and Conservation Science Teacher

Forestry and conservation science instructors and professors help students learn about different aspects of forestry and conservation science. They may create lesson plans, give lectures, craft and conduct classroom research projects and experiments, grade assignments and answer student questions. Some secondary-level teachers also spend a significant portion of their career conducting research to contribute to the field.

• Median annual salary: $87,420

A doctorate in the field or a similar area of study, and possibly some post-doctoral training. Educators must have strong research, communication and organizational skills and should be able to adapt to different class and student needs.

Pros & Cons of Forestry Careers

Forestry careers can come with some incredible perks, but the work isn’t for everyone. Understanding both the upsides and downsides of working in forestry is an important step in deciding whether or not to pursue the field.

Many people are drawn to forestry careers because they offer a significant amount of outdoor work. Not only that, but the work is often in beautiful areas with no desks or cubicles in sight.

A significant part of many forestry careers is ensuring natural areas stay healthy, or helping restore wellness through propagation, remediation, compliance and fire prevention.

Many forestry careers give employees the opportunity to use technologies specific to the field, giving them insights and skills other professionals don’t have.

Those in forestry often use a combination of different types of skills and knowledge to solve problems. It can be extremely satisfying to use specialized hands-on work, theory and data analysis to solve large-scale issues that affect many people and wildlife.

For many, working outside is a clear benefit, but it’s good to keep in mind that the outdoors can be varied and unpredictable. Even in poor weather or undesirable conditions, forestry workers must get the job done.

Whether they’re dealing with wildfires, contaminated areas, icy roads, rock slide areas or chainsaws, those in forestry are often expected to do dangerous, difficult work.

While bears and mountain lions can certainly be a reality for those in certain forestry careers, it’s important to remember that bugs, poisonous plants and less innocuous messes can all be frustrating or unpleasant parts of forestry careers.

Many foresters do extremely laborious work that requires strength and stamina. Further, foresters often use critical thinking and problem solving skills, which can tax them mentally, too.

Internships & Volunteer Opportunities

Volunteering and participating in internships are both great ways for students to get a firsthand look into forestry careers and gain practical experience. Whether students are looking to spend an afternoon clearing trails and documenting plant populations or want to spend several months learning about resource conservation policy and the politics of forestry, these opportunities can get them started in their search.

The 21st Century Conservation Corps pairs veterans and young Americans with projects focused around conservation of public and tribal lands across the country. Volunteers work outdoors and gain a variety of practical skills related to forestry and conservation.

Generation Green internships are open to high school students, college students and recent graduates who studied natural resources, cultural resources, recreation or engineering. These internships provide job shadowing and mentoring as well as a $250 stipend per 40 hours. Interns must commit to at least 160 hours of work.

The Forest Stewards Guild provides a rotating list of available internships for those interested in forest stewardship and related work. Opportunities are from around the country, so students can check the board regularly to find internships in their area.

The National Forest Foundation offers a selection of short-term, Colorado-based volunteer opportunities for those looking to get involved in forestry and related work. Most of their volunteer events last one to two days and focus on ecological restoration and trail improvement.

The Henry Clepper internship focuses on the natural resources policy and advocacy side of forestry and is structured to fit the different needs and interests of selected interns. A monthly stipend of $1,400 is provided, too. The duration of the internship is flexible, but a three-month minimum commitment is preferred.

These U.S. Forest Service internships give students the opportunity to work within federal agencies, gain practical experience and expose themselves to forestry and resource management career paths. Paid internships are available to undergraduate and graduate students in various locations throughout the country.

This U.S. Forest Service program is geared specifically toward people between 15 and 18 years old, which makes it a great volunteer opportunity for high school students interested in pursuing forestry degrees after graduation. Students may engage in conservation projects, clear trails, remove invasive species and educate the public on environmental issues.

Students who don’t leave near large forests and parks can still gain practical experience related to forestry through the Forest Service’s array of virtual internships. These internships take place online, and many utilize a variety of skills that more conventional forestry internships do not, such as graphic design, social media management and videography. Students can still gain hands-on forestry experience by applying for internships that focus on concepts like data analysis and GIS mapping. Internships rotate based on availability, so students can check in regularly to find convenient internships that fit their interests.

Along with internships, the U.S. Forest Service offers a range of volunteer opportunities. Volunteerships can take many forms and last anywhere from an afternoon to several months, depending on the project.

What is your current job title, and what does your work entail?

My current job title is assistant professor of Forestry and Natural Resources. My work consists of designing, organizing and teaching courses pertaining to several fields of Forestry, which include Forest Ecology, Forest Measurements, Silviculture, Dendrology and Wood Science. I also conduct forestry research and publish in reputable journals. Finally, I engage in service activities, which include serving on academic and administrative committees at MSU, advise students and the MSU Forestry Club and engage in service and outreach outside of MSU (e.g. 4H chapters, FFA, MDC).

How did you get started in forestry?

My interest in forestry started at a very young age. As the son of a professional forester, I was exposed to the practices and challenges of forestry as far back as I can remember. Though I briefly considered other career paths, when the time came to go to college, I immediately started working toward a forestry degree.

My personal interest in forestry stems from my respect for conservation, my desire to be a steward of our forest resources, my love of being outdoors and in the woods as often as possible and my desire to instill my knowledge of forestry into others through teaching and research. My desire to engage in the deeper aspects of forestry teaching and research is what led me to pursue a B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. in forestry and to also earn a M.S. in Statistics to strengthen my skills as a Forest Biometrician.

Of your forestry work, which position or activities and duties did you like the most and why?

My primary career activities thus far have consisted of research and teaching. Of the two, teaching has definitely been my favorite activity. Teaching enables me to spend time both in the classroom and out in the field, as many of my classes involve outdoor labs. I have found that I have a talent for teaching both the scientific and practical aspects of forestry to students in ways that enable them to grasp the information and be able to use it.

I also believe that teaching is one of the most valuable pursuits, especially in a profession like forestry, which is greatly misunderstood by the majority of the population and certainly not as well-known as other sciences, such as engineering, computer science, chemistry or even wildlife biology.

What are some of the greatest challenges of forestry work?

One of the greatest challenges for a forester is working with the public. Many people pursue a forestry career thinking that they will be able to hang out in the woods all day and not have to deal with people. On the contrary, engaging with people is a huge part of the job, especially in the Central Hardwoods Region, where much of the forestland is privately owned. This also highlights the general challenges that are faced by private-lands foresters when compared to public-lands foresters.

Another key challenge to forestry work is the fact that to be a knowledgeable forester, one must have at least a working knowledge of many different sciences including: biology, ecology, plant pathology, soils, hydrology, mathematics, statistics, economics, plant taxonomy, entomology and the list goes on. Forests are very complex three-dimensional landscapes consisting of countless different biotic and abiotic components all interacting with each other.

The challenge of being a forester is actually one of the things that attracted me to forestry in the first place, and the forests of the Missouri Ozarks are some of the most complex in the U.S. due to high species biodiversity and a very complex topographical landscape.

What about the benefits?

One of the greatest benefits to being a forester is being able to work in a field that is completely dedicated to sustaining growth and yield of forest ecosystems. No matter a forester’s specific focus in the greater science of forestry, the overriding objective is to manage forestland sustainably and help landowners and other stakeholders to do the same.

Another factor that I have always perceived as a benefit to being a forester is the challenge. Aside from the aforementioned challenges and the physical requirements of being a forester, there is often a certain amount of professional autonomy for foresters, meaning that most foresters do not work in direct proximity with a bunch of other foresters of the same specialty. This means that individual foresters can have a high degree of impact within their district, region or other span of influence. While this can be perceived as a benefit, it also places a high degree of responsibility on a forester to make knowledgeable decisions and to give sound advice to others.

What types of students might be good fits for careers and study in forestry?

I have seen students from pretty much all walks of life pursue careers in forestry. Traditionally, most forestry students have come from rural or semi-rural backgrounds, but that is certainly not a requirement for success. Students with a passion and aptitude for biology, wildlife, plant science and other aspects of forest ecology are often a good fit for studying forestry.

However, forestry also requires workable knowledge of mathematics and statistics. While much of the specific knowledge required in these fields is obtained while studying forestry at the college level, at least high-school level algebra, geometry and trigonometry are usually required as a prerequisite from the start, and for good reason. A successful forestry student needs to have a deep respect for the forest ecosystem and see it for the important living system that it is. Simply put, to be a forester, one needs to love being in the forest and be willing to put in the hard work that forestry work requires every day.

Resources for Forestry Degree-Holders

This professional association aims to bring ecologists together to discuss important issues in ecology, collaborate with one another, influence policy makers and educate the public on ecology. Members have access to research, publications, meetings, educational opportunities and more.

The Forest Products Society is a non-profit organization for those involved in various branches of the forest products industry. The association allows for networking and information exchange, hosts technical conferences and provides numerous resources to members, including a job board.

The Forest Stewards Guild is an organization of professionals who care for forests in a variety of capacities. These foresters focus on education, outreach and research to help them and others in their field best serve forests and those who benefit from them.

The ISA focuses on research and education related to the care of trees and the environment as a whole. The society provides educational resources for both professionals and students along with many other useful sources of information.

This organization is made up of directors of forestry agencies throughout the country. Students and graduates can learn about industry terms, policies and standards; read reports; and explore the job board for state and national forestry careers.

The National Forest Foundation focuses on promoting the health and enjoyment of the country’s national forests and grasslands. The organization provides grant and volunteer programs and educational tools, among other resources.

The SAF is a large organization of professional foresters who aim to further the forestry field through science and best practices. Conventions, education opportunities for professionals and students, publications and networking events are some of the benefits foresters involved in the SAF can use to their advantage.

Conservation-focused foresters may be interested in joining the Society for Conservation Biology. This organization aims to advance and promote conservation science and biological diversity and provides excellent resources and educational opportunities specific to students.

Urban foresters may benefit from the research, conferences, networking events and industry information provided by the Society for Municipal Arborists. This organization focuses on issues specific to those who care for trees in urban areas.

Those who study forestry may pursue rangework careers. This professional organization collects research, publications, educational tools, student competitions and more for those involved or interested in range management.

This federal website offers a wealth of information regarding forestry, land management and other related subjects in the United States.

The Wildlife Society is a comprehensive organization for professionals and students interested in all aspects of wildlife and conservation, including forestry. Student and leadership opportunities are available through the organization along with tons of information on all things wildlife.

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PHD, Forestry & Natural Resources

A 30 hour terminal degree with specialized field of expertise in Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences; Forest Biology & Management; Forest Business; Natural Resources Management & Sustainability; Parks, Recreation & Tourism; or Wildlife Ecology & Management.

Degree Type: Doctoral

Degree Program Code: PHD_FANR

Degree Program Summary:

To prepare leaders in the conservation and sustainable management of forests and other natural resources; to discover ways to restore and better use the earth’s natural resources; and to put into practice forestry and natural resources knowledge.

The PhD degree is frequently required for research and staff specialist positions, and is nearly always required for university faculty positions. The PhD is often regarded as a degree of specialized education within a relatively narrow field of expertise. The PhD requires a dissertation and a minimum of 30 hours of consecutive course work, at least 16 hours of which must be in courses open to graduate students only. As a requirement of residency, at least two consecutive semesters of full-time coursework or the equivalent must be spent in resident study on this campus (i.e., enrollment for a minimum of 30 hours of consecutive course work included on the Program of Study).

In almost all cases, a Master’s degree is required for admission to the PhD program. However, a student with an extraordinary baccalaureate record or a terminal, professional Master’s degree (e.g., MFR) may petition the Graduate Affairs Committee for admission to the doctoral program.

Specialized programs are offered in ten general fields of study. Opportunities for interdisciplinary research are available within most of the programs. Individual faculty members are identified with a particular field of study. Some are identified with more than one area. Faculty addresses, e-mail and telephone numbers are listed on the Web page and in the Faculty section. Alternatively, they can be contacted by mail at the Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2152 USA, or by telephone at (706) 542-2686.

Locations Offered:

Athens (Main Campus)

College / School:

Warnell School of Forestry & Natural Resources

180 E. Green Street Athens, GA 30602

706-542-2686

Graduate Coordinator(s):

Phone Number:

706-542-3060

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Canadian Immigration Updates

Applicants to Master’s and Doctoral degrees are not affected by the recently announced cap on study permits. Review more details

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Forestry graduate students learn from a dynamic and diverse group of researchers who educate and communicate how forests and the products that are created from them contribute to the well-being of all living things. The health and sustainability of forests and the people who depend on them underlies everything we do. We are among the best institutions globally in forest-related education and research and are also unique in the breadth of expertise we possess, which allows us to integrate new knowledge across many disciplines.

PhD in Forestry students can be found all over the world; they are important ambassadors for UBC Forestry and demonstrate just how diverse and international in scope the research is that is undertaken in our Faculty. We have approximately 130 doctoral students in any given year, which is about 40% of our total Forestry graduate student population. In addition to being part of the Faculty of Forestry, PhD students are also considered members of one of our three Faculty departments, based on their supervisor's affiliation.

For specific program requirements, please refer to the departmental program website

What makes the program unique?

The Faculty of Forestry offers excellent courses and cutting edge research across a spectrum of disciplines related to forestry, and opportunities for interdisciplinary learning. Graduate students work with leading scientists in state-of-the-art facilities within the Forest Sciences Centre and at any of two research forests. 

We are one of the largest graduate units on campus, with over 300 students enrolled in our 7 degree programs. We attract students from around the world, with over 40 countries represented in our community. Given the global nature of modern forestry, the experience our students gain by working with colleagues from around the world is a subtle but effective means of creating the global citizens that UBC aspires to produce.

UBC is a dream university for me due to its harmonious campus atmosphere and spiritual core in terms of diversity, tolerance, and innovation. It also amazed me that sustainability has been deeply embedded in UBC. There are so many eco-friendly buildings certified as Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) projects.

Program Structure

The major requirement for the PhD in Forestry is completion of a research dissertation which meets the requirements of the Faculty of Graduate & Post-doctoral Studies. Advancement to Candidacy must be achieved within 24 months of the start of studies, the requirements of which include a comprehensive examination. Course work is not required for the Forestry PhD, although many doctoral students do complete courses (either for credit or audit) as recommended by their supervisory committee.

Quick Facts

Program Enquiries

Admission information & requirements, 1) check eligibility, minimum academic requirements.

The Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies establishes the minimum admission requirements common to all applicants, usually a minimum overall average in the B+ range (76% at UBC). The graduate program that you are applying to may have additional requirements. Please review the specific requirements for applicants with credentials from institutions in:

• Canada or the United States
• International countries other than the United States

Each program may set higher academic minimum requirements. Please review the program website carefully to understand the program requirements. Meeting the minimum requirements does not guarantee admission as it is a competitive process.

English Language Test

Applicants from a university outside Canada in which English is not the primary language of instruction must provide results of an English language proficiency examination as part of their application. Tests must have been taken within the last 24 months at the time of submission of your application.

Minimum requirements for the two most common English language proficiency tests to apply to this program are listed below:

TOEFL: Test of English as a Foreign Language - internet-based

Overall score requirement : 100

IELTS: International English Language Testing System

Overall score requirement : 7.0

Other Test Scores

Some programs require additional test scores such as the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) or the Graduate Management Test (GMAT). The requirements for this program are:

The GRE is not required.

Prior degree, course and other requirements

Prior degree requirements.

Students admitted to the Ph.D. degree program normally possess a master's degree in Forestry or a related area, with clear evidence of research ability or potential. Transfer from the master's to the Ph.D. program is permitted under Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies regulations. Exceptional students may be admitted directly to the Ph.D. program from the bachelor's level.

2) Meet Deadlines

January 2025 intake, application open date, canadian applicants, international applicants, may 2025 intake, september 2025 intake, january 2026 intake, deadline explanations.

Deadline to submit online application. No changes can be made to the application after submission.

Deadline to upload scans of official transcripts through the applicant portal in support of a submitted application. Information for accessing the applicant portal will be provided after submitting an online application for admission.

Deadline for the referees identified in the application for admission to submit references. See Letters of Reference for more information.

3) Prepare Application

Transcripts.

All applicants have to submit transcripts from all past post-secondary study. Document submission requirements depend on whether your institution of study is within Canada or outside of Canada.

Letters of Reference

A minimum of three references are required for application to graduate programs at UBC. References should be requested from individuals who are prepared to provide a report on your academic ability and qualifications.

Statement of Interest

Many programs require a statement of interest , sometimes called a "statement of intent", "description of research interests" or something similar.

Supervision

Students in research-based programs usually require a faculty member to function as their thesis supervisor. Please follow the instructions provided by each program whether applicants should contact faculty members.

Instructions regarding thesis supervisor contact for Doctor of Philosophy in Forestry (PhD)

Securing the interest of a prospective faculty supervisor is a vital step in the PhD, MSc and MASc application process, and interest must be confirmed before you submit the online application. Using the prospective supervisor list at , carefully review faculty members whom you consider to be the best match with your research interests. Make a short-list of prospective supervisors and contact them to see if they are accepting new students. Remember that faculty members receive many inquiries, so generic e-mails may not receive a response. Make your correspondence stand out: tell potential supervisors about your background and interests and how this relates to their research area. As part of your conversation with a prospective supervisor, it is important to discuss funding. UBC Forestry requires that supervisors have a minimum funding package planned for the student prior to an Offer of Admission being issued. Your online application should only be submitted after a prospective supervisor has confirmed to you that they are interested in reviewing your application.

Citizenship Verification

Permanent Residents of Canada must provide a clear photocopy of both sides of the Permanent Resident card.

4) Apply Online

All applicants must complete an online application form and pay the application fee to be considered for admission to UBC.

Tuition & Financial Support

Financial support.

Applicants to UBC have access to a variety of funding options, including merit-based (i.e. based on your academic performance) and need-based (i.e. based on your financial situation) opportunities.

Program Funding Packages

From September 2024 all full-time students in UBC-Vancouver PhD programs will be provided with a funding package of at least $24,000 for each of the first four years of their PhD. The funding package may consist of any combination of internal or external awards, teaching-related work, research assistantships, and graduate academic assistantships. Please note that many graduate programs provide funding packages that are substantially greater than $24,000 per year. Please check with your prospective graduate program for specific details of the funding provided to its PhD students.

Average Funding

• 63 students received Teaching Assistantships. Average TA funding based on 63 students was $9,903.
• 73 students received Research Assistantships. Average RA funding based on 73 students was $20,299.
• 14 students received Academic Assistantships. Average AA funding based on 14 students was $4,352.
• 94 students received internal awards. Average internal award funding based on 94 students was $10,715.
• 17 students received external awards. Average external award funding based on 17 students was $31,333.

Scholarships & awards (merit-based funding)

All applicants are encouraged to review the awards listing to identify potential opportunities to fund their graduate education. The database lists merit-based scholarships and awards and allows for filtering by various criteria, such as domestic vs. international or degree level.

Graduate Research Assistantships (GRA)

Many professors are able to provide Research Assistantships (GRA) from their research grants to support full-time graduate students studying under their supervision. The duties constitute part of the student's graduate degree requirements. A Graduate Research Assistantship is considered a form of fellowship for a period of graduate study and is therefore not covered by a collective agreement. Stipends vary widely, and are dependent on the field of study and the type of research grant from which the assistantship is being funded.

Graduate Teaching Assistantships (GTA)

Graduate programs may have Teaching Assistantships available for registered full-time graduate students. Full teaching assistantships involve 12 hours work per week in preparation, lecturing, or laboratory instruction although many graduate programs offer partial TA appointments at less than 12 hours per week. Teaching assistantship rates are set by collective bargaining between the University and the Teaching Assistants' Union .

Graduate Academic Assistantships (GAA)

Academic Assistantships are employment opportunities to perform work that is relevant to the university or to an individual faculty member, but not to support the student’s graduate research and thesis. Wages are considered regular earnings and when paid monthly, include vacation pay.

Financial aid (need-based funding)

Canadian and US applicants may qualify for governmental loans to finance their studies. Please review eligibility and types of loans .

All students may be able to access private sector or bank loans.

Foreign government scholarships

Many foreign governments provide support to their citizens in pursuing education abroad. International applicants should check the various governmental resources in their home country, such as the Department of Education, for available scholarships.

Working while studying

The possibility to pursue work to supplement income may depend on the demands the program has on students. It should be carefully weighed if work leads to prolonged program durations or whether work placements can be meaningfully embedded into a program.

International students enrolled as full-time students with a valid study permit can work on campus for unlimited hours and work off-campus for no more than 20 hours a week.

A good starting point to explore student jobs is the UBC Work Learn program or a Co-Op placement .

Tax credits and RRSP withdrawals

Students with taxable income in Canada may be able to claim federal or provincial tax credits.

Canadian residents with RRSP accounts may be able to use the Lifelong Learning Plan (LLP) which allows students to withdraw amounts from their registered retirement savings plan (RRSPs) to finance full-time training or education for themselves or their partner.

Please review Filing taxes in Canada on the student services website for more information.

Cost Estimator

Applicants have access to the cost estimator to develop a financial plan that takes into account various income sources and expenses.

Career Outcomes

154 students graduated between 2005 and 2013: 2 are in non-salaried situations; for 12 we have no data (based on research conducted between Feb-May 2016). For the remaining 140 graduates:

Sample Employers in Higher Education

Sample employers outside higher education, sample job titles outside higher education, phd career outcome survey, alumni on success.

Kristina Cockle

Job Title Research Scientist

Employer CONICET

Jill Hamilton

Job Title Assistant Professor

Employer North Dakota State University

Michael Donaldson

Job Title Content Development Manager

Employer Canadian Science Publishing

Enrolment, Duration & Other Stats

These statistics show data for the Doctor of Philosophy in Forestry (PhD). Data are separated for each degree program combination. You may view data for other degree options in the respective program profile.

ENROLMENT DATA

Completion rates & times, upcoming doctoral exams, monday, 8 april 2024 - 9:00am - room 203, wednesday, 22 may 2024 - 9:00am - room 200.

• Research Supervisors

Advice and insights from UBC Faculty on reaching out to supervisors

These videos contain some general advice from faculty across UBC on finding and reaching out to a supervisor. They are not program specific.

This list shows faculty members with full supervisory privileges who are affiliated with this program. It is not a comprehensive list of all potential supervisors as faculty from other programs or faculty members without full supervisory privileges can request approvals to supervise graduate students in this program.

• Aitken, Sally (forest genetics, climate change, Climate change, conservation, ecology, genetics, genomics)
• Alila, Younes (Hydrology, Flood, Water Resources, Water Structures, Forest Hydrology, Forest management, hydrological engineering)
• Arcese, Peter (Global change biology; Ecology; Conservation Biology; Evolutionary Biology; conservation finance)
• Avramidis, Stavros (Other natural sciences, n.e.c.; Wood-water relations and sorption thermodynamics.; Fluid flow, heat transfer, and molecular diffusion; Modeling steady-state and dynamic non-isothermal diffusion in wood.; Application of fractals and machine learning to modeling wood physical properties.; Molecular modeling of the wood nano-pore network in the cell wall.; Industrial wood kiln drying optimization and development of new drying strategies.; Radio frequency vacuum (RFV) heating and drying of wood and wood products.; Dielectric wood phytosanitation.; Wood thermal modification.)
• Barbeito Sanchez, Ignacio (refining novel silvicultural practices; establishment and management of forests under global change)
• Benson-Amram, Sarah
• Boedhihartono, Agni (Forestry sciences; biodiversity; Communities and Livelihoods; conservation; Forest management; Land-use Change; social science; sustainability; Tropical Landscapes and Livelihoods)
• Bohlmann, Joerg (plant biochemistry, forestry genomics, forest health, conifers, poplar, bark beetle, mountain pine beetle, natural products, secondary metabolites, terpenes, floral scent, grapevine, Conifer genomics Forest health genomics Mountain pine beetle, fungus, pine interactions and genomics Chemical ecology of conifer, insect interactions)
• Booker, Thomas (population and quantitative genetics)
• Bulkan, Janette (aboriginal forestry, biodiversity, climate change, communities and livelihoods, conservation, corporate responsibility, forest management, forest policy, international trade, social impact, social science)
• Bull, Gary (international forest policy, environmental services markets, carbon markets, Government and economic systems)
• Burton, Cole (Forestry sciences; Ecology and Quality of the Environment; Ecological Trends; Animal; Biodiversity and Biocomplexity; Landscape and Restoration; Environment Management and Protection; Biodiversity conservation; Ecological Monitoring; Landscape ecology; Mammal Ecology; Population and Community Ecology; Wildlife Management)
• Cardinal-McTeague, Warren (Earth and related environmental sciences; Forestry sciences; plant biodiversity; Indigenous environmental management and food systems; monitoring of ecosystem health and function)
• Carroll, Allan (climate change, mountain pine beetle, bark beetles, forest disturbance, integrated pest management, insect ecology, population dynamics, insect-plant interactions, Climate change, conservation, ecology, ecosystems, forest biology, forest management)
• Chanway, Christopher (Soil microbiology)
• Cool, Julie (modelling, wood products, wood science, wood)
• Coops, Nicholas Charles (Forestry sciences; Telemetry (Remote Sensing, Radar); Space Techniques; Forestry Technology and Equipment; Plants and Forests)
• Cranston, Emily (Nanoparticle synthesis, properties and applications; Bio-based materials and nanocellulose; Atomic force microscopy (forces, adhesion, friction, imaging); Colloid and interface science; Polymer chemistry; Cellulose nanocrystals; Bioproducts; Foams, emulsions, aerogels)
• Dai, Chunping (Forestry sciences; Bamboo; Bio-products; Wood Products; Wood Science; Wood Technology)
• Daniels, Lori (forest plants and trees; forest history; forest management; environmental protection and natural resource use, Climate change, ecology, fire regimes)
• Davies, Jonathan (Phylogenetics & Biodiversity. Development and application of phylogenetic methods in ecology and conservation biology)
• Day, Susan (Forestry sciences; urban soils; urban forestry; Landscape and Restoration; urban ecology; Plants and Forests; Ecology and Quality of the Environment; Environment Management and Protection)
• Devisscher, Tahia (Forestry sciences; adaptation; climate change; Human Health; Human Well-being; Nature Recovery; Social-Ecological Resilience)
• El-Kassaby, Yousry (Forestry sciences; Applied Genetics; conservation; genomics; Seed orchards’ genetics; Tree breeding; Tree domestication)
• Eskelson, Bianca (Natural resource management; Forest Biometrics; Forest Modelling; Disturbance Effects; Management Effects)

Open Research Positions

• PhD Position in Forest Growth Projection and Sampling

Doctoral Citations

Sample thesis submissions.

• From landscape to the continent : quantifying the effect and future changes of wildland fires in Canada
• Development and characterization of xylan crystalline nanotiles and Grasstic films from plant biomass
• The evolution of bark beetle–fungus mutualisms : insights from a hardwood system
• Predicting forest tree species’ fundamental climate niche and productivity
• The characterization of stream and riparian features of importance for fish habitat using laser scanning
• Plant community resistance, resilience, and recruitment in tidal freshwater marshes of the Salish Sea
• Cottonwood ecology and restoration in the context of river diking and channelization in the semi-arid Okanagan-Similkameen Region of B.C.
• Enhancing post-harvest regeneration monitoring with digital aerial photogrammetry and deep learning
• Historical dynamics of ecosystem services and their social-ecological drivers in British Columbia, Canada
• The impact of altitude, soil geology, and soil depth on Pinus patula solid wood properties for structural timber and plywood production
• Phytobiomes and soil communities : assessing natural communities and the impact of anthropogenic change on plants, soils and their associated organisms
• Genomics of adaptation in interior spruce to past, present, and future climates of western Canada
• Optimization of log logistics at the operational level considering sorting decisions and synchronization requirements
• Optimization of forest harvest scheduling at the operational level
• Supply chain optimization of forest-based biomass for gasification considering uncertainties

Related Programs

Same specialization.

• Master of Applied Science in Forestry (MASc)
• Master of Forestry (MF)
• Master of Geomatics for Environmental Management (MGEM)
• Master of International Forestry (MIF)
• Master of Science in Forestry (MSc)
• Master of Sustainable Forest Management (MSFM)
• Master of Urban Forestry Leadership (MUFL)

Further Information

Specialization.

Forestry offers advanced study in natural and social science, management, and economic aspects of forestry and wood science, in an interdisciplinary setting.

UBC Calendar

Program website, faculty overview, program identifier, classification, social media channels, supervisor search.

Departments/Programs may update graduate degree program details through the Faculty & Staff portal. To update contact details for application inquiries, please use this form .

Mike Stefanuk

The Faculty of Forestry and UBC host a fantastic group of multi-disciplinary researchers with world-class experts in wildfire and forest ecology. I was eager to learn in a place where my perspectives would be broadened and challenged by this diverse community. Support programs offered by UBC,...

The Faculty of Forestry at UBC is full of students, faculty, and staff with diverse perspectives and backgrounds that have and will provide me with great opportunities for interdisciplinary research.

Tara L. Brown

I chose to study at UBC's Faculty of Forestry for its global reputation in multidisciplinary research on complex ecological systems, which aligns with my focus on human health and natural environments. My decision to study at UBC was further inspired after watching seminars by my eventual...

Dane Pedersen

I was born and raised in British Columbia on Secwepemc territory (Kamloops, BC). I completed my B.Sc at the University of Victoria, and my M.Sc at McGill University, where I studied the transboundary governance network tasked with protecting the endangered Southern Resident killer whale. It is from...

The city and the sea

Take a break from studying with opportunities at your fingertips. Whether you want to settle down in a café or take your research outdoors, we have a place for you.

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Forestry and Environmental Resources Doctoral Program

Our Forestry and Environmental Resources doctoral program encourages candidates to explore a variety of advanced challenges faced in a variety of fields today, including highly-focused scientific inquiry into basic cellular issues, broader inquiries into forestry or natural resource factors that affect specific plant or animal species, certain environments, entire ecosystems and the planet as a whole. Our outstanding research facilities, extensive outreach and industry activities and faculty expertise make NC State an ideal place to pursue a Ph.D.

Our doctoral degrees are available in a number of concentrations, including:

• Tree improvement and biotechnology
• Forest management and operations
• Forest economics, business and taxation
• Bioremediation
• Forest nutrition
• International forestry
• Landscape ecology
• Natural resource and environmental policy
• Restoration ecology
• Silviculture
• Spatial information systems
• Browse past program dissertations from the NC State Library.

PhD Requirements

• PhD students are required to complete 72 credits beyond their undergraduate degree.  Students with a  masters in a related field can count a minimum of 18 credits from their masters towards the 72 credits, following Graduate School policies. See  https://grad.ncsu.edu/students/rules-and-regulations/handbook/3-1-graduate-school-minimum-requirements/ for a complete description of these policies.
• Students must take FOR 801 (Seminar) and FOR 803 (research methods).
• Students must also declare a minor as part of the Ph.D.-Forestry program . A minor consists of at least 12 graduate credits approved by the student’s advisory committee and faculty member. Courses must be taken during the degree program and all must be within an established NC State curriculum or among appropriate departments to satisfy a logical interdisciplinary minor.

Forestry Graduate Programs in America

1-25 of 30 results

UC Berkeley College of Natural Resources

Berkeley, CA •

University of California - Berkeley •

Graduate School

Blue checkmark.

University of California - Berkeley ,

Graduate School ,

BERKELEY, CA ,

Virginia Tech College of Science

Blacksburg, VA •

Virginia Tech •

Virginia Tech ,

BLACKSBURG, VA ,

University of Florida College of Agricultural and Life Sciences

Gainesville, FL •

University of Florida •

• • Rating 4.67 out of 5   6 reviews

Alum: This is a program intended for people who have a purpose. Many enrolled already work full time and want a higher degree to boost payscale or in the case of teachers, allow them to teach higher education programs or develop new ones. For individuals seeking further education, this can be a great stepping stone, however be advised you need to work and seek your path, it will not be handed to you and there is little guidance without effort. Much of the course work is as described- intended for medical microbiology. Some classes are highly outdated and most geared towards academia not industry. I liked the ability to customize some of the coursework but was disappointed a dreadful career seminar I did not want to take was later removed as a requirement without compensation. I would have happily taken a credit even as an audit to learn. Be advised it can be challenging to develop relationships with professors and standout amongst large numbers of students online. ... Read 6 reviews

University of Florida ,

GAINESVILLE, FL ,

6 Niche users give it an average review of 4.7 stars.

Featured Review: Alum says This is a program intended for people who have a purpose. Many enrolled already work full time and want a higher degree to boost payscale or in the case of teachers, allow them to teach higher... .

Read 6 reviews.

Miami University - College of Creative Arts

Miami University •

Graduate School •

Miami University

• • Rating 4.56 out of 5   25

Mississippi State University

MISSISSIPPI STATE, MS

• • Rating 4.51 out of 5   49

UW College of Agricultural & Life Sciences

Madison, WI •

University of Wisconsin •

University of Wisconsin ,

MADISON, WI ,

Warnell School of Forestry & Natural Resources

Athens, GA •

University of Georgia •

University of Georgia ,

ATHENS, GA ,

College of Agriculture - Purdue University

West Lafayette, IN •

Purdue University •

Purdue University ,

WEST LAFAYETTE, IN ,

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College of Science and Engineering - University of Minnesota Twin Cities

Minneapolis, MN •

University of Minnesota Twin Cities •

• • Rating 4 out of 5   2 reviews

Doctoral Student: I started graduate school at UMN during the height of the COVID pandemic. Despite not being able to go to classes in person or get into the lab, the UMN community has been very inclusive and I have felt very supported and welcome. I would recommend UMN to any STEM graduate student because of this great community. ... Read 2 reviews

University of Minnesota Twin Cities ,

MINNEAPOLIS, MN ,

2 Niche users give it an average review of 4 stars.

Featured Review: Doctoral Student says I started graduate school at UMN during the height of the COVID pandemic. Despite not being able to go to classes in person or get into the lab, the UMN community has been very inclusive and I have... .

Read 2 reviews.

College of the Environment

Seattle, WA •

University of Washington •

University of Washington ,

SEATTLE, WA ,

College of Geosciences - Texas A&M University

College Station, TX •

Texas A&M University •

Texas A&M University ,

COLLEGE STATION, TX ,

NC State University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences

Raleigh, NC •

North Carolina State University •

North Carolina State University ,

RALEIGH, NC ,

College of Natural Resources - NC State University

College of agriculture, forestry, and life sciences - clemson university.

Clemson, SC •

Clemson University •

• • Rating 5 out of 5   2 reviews

Master's Student: I've just started, but so far, so good! The staff has been very supportive and helpful. The online software can be a bit tricky to get the hang of, but the material itself is good. ... Read 2 reviews

Clemson University ,

CLEMSON, SC ,

2 Niche users give it an average review of 5 stars.

Featured Review: Master's Student says I've just started, but so far, so good! The staff has been very supportive and helpful. The online software can be a bit tricky to get the hang of, but the material itself is good. .

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College of Agriculture & Natural Resources - Michigan State University

East Lansing, MI •

Michigan State University •

Michigan State University ,

EAST LANSING, MI ,

College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science - Michigan Technological University

Houghton, MI •

Michigan Technological University •

Michigan Technological University ,

HOUGHTON, MI ,

College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Science - Cal Poly - San Luis Obispo

San Luis Obispo, CA •

California Polytechnic State University (Cal Poly) - San Luis Obispo •

California Polytechnic State University (Cal Poly) - San Luis Obispo ,

SAN LUIS OBISPO, CA ,

Auburn University School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences

Auburn, AL •

Auburn University •

Auburn University ,

AUBURN, AL ,

Mississippi State University College of Forest Resources

Mississippi State, MS •

Mississippi State University •

Mississippi State University ,

MISSISSIPPI STATE, MS ,

Colorado State University School of Global Environmental Sustainability

Fort Collins, CO •

Colorado State University •

Colorado State University ,

FORT COLLINS, CO ,

Herbert College of Agriculture

Knoxville, TN •

University of Tennessee •

• • Rating 1 out of 5   1 review

University of Tennessee ,

KNOXVILLE, TN ,

1 Niche users give it an average review of 1 stars.

Read 1 reviews.

Oregon State University College of Forestry

Corvallis, OR •

Oregon State University •

Oregon State University ,

CORVALLIS, OR ,

College of Agriculture, Food and Environment - University of Kentucky

Lexington, KY •

University of Kentucky •

University of Kentucky ,

LEXINGTON, KY ,

Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Design

Morgantown, WV •

West Virginia University •

West Virginia University ,

MORGANTOWN, WV ,

S.J. and Jessie E. Quinney College of Natural Resources

Logan, UT •

Utah State University •

Utah State University ,

LOGAN, UT ,

Northern Arizona University College of the Environment, Forestry, and Natural Sciences

Flagstaff, AZ •

Northern Arizona University •

Northern Arizona University ,

FLAGSTAFF, AZ ,

University of Maine College of Natural Sciences, Forestry, and Agriculture

Orono, ME •

University of Maine •

• • Rating 5 out of 5   1 review

Graduate Student: I am in the hybrid (partially online, partially in-person coursework) Master of Social Work program at UMaine, and I have loved it so far! Working at another system college, I find myself very critical of our institutions sometimes, but I have very little to complain about from a student perspective. My faculty are excellent, there are abundant support and professional development opportunities (including fun ones, like Ted Talks!), and the hybrid format reinforces cohort-style learning but allows working professionals to further their education. ... Read 1 review

University of Maine ,

ORONO, ME ,

1 Niche users give it an average review of 5 stars.

Featured Review: Graduate Student says I am in the hybrid (partially online, partially in-person coursework) Master of Social Work program at UMaine, and I have loved it so far! Working at another system college, I find myself very... .

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Home » Forest Sciences (Ph.D.)

Forest Sciences (Ph.D.)

The Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship consists of foresters, range scientists, hydrologists, and social scientists that study natural environmental processes and how they interact with human systems.

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Forest Sciences

Areas of study.

• Fire ecology and management
• Forest biometry
• Forest ecology
• Forest economics
• Forest ecosystem management
• Forest hydrology and water quality
• Forest restoration
• Natural resource policy
• Quantitative analysis of natural resources
• Silviculture
• Spatial landscape analysis
• Wood products
• Contact your department representative or request more program information .
• Check out department requirements and resources from your department’s website.
• When you’re ready to take the leap, start your application .

Requirements

Coursework, credit requirements, and more information is available in the Colorado State University general catalog . Please contact your department representative with program-related questions.

Student Employment

Graduate students interested in employment positions (GTA, GRA, GSA appointments and hourly positions) should contact their advisor and their departmental graduate coordinator for the process to apply.

Financial Aid

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What is forestry?

Students majoring in forestry are working to ensure sustainable access to one of society’s most vital natural resources: wildland and urban forests. This major addresses both the scientific and human elements of forest ecosystem management, and you’ll learn about the life cycle and management of hundreds of tree species. You’ll graduate with a sense of stewardship and land-use ethics, and be prepared to take an active role in finding new and better ways to conserve, use, and sustain the world’s vital forest resources.

Learn more about this major and the  Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation .

What will I learn in this major?

Students majoring in forestry take courses in the following core areas: forest science, geospatial analysis, environmental economics, and natural resources policy. Students also take courses based on their specific option in one of the following areas:

• Forest operations and business — Fire ecology and management, forest biometrics, soil management, forest harvesting, timber procurement, forest management, accounting, business writing, and business law and ethics.
• Forest resources management  — Fire ecology and management, forest biometrics, forestry field skills, outdoor recreation management, forest harvesting, forest boundaries, soil management, forests and pest management, accounting, chemistry, and physical science.
• Urban and community forestry  — Community forest management, forest and tree pests, geospatial analysis, soil science, arboriculture, landscape architecture, urban affairs and planning, and woody landscape plants.  

Field Experiences in Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation

Why study forestry at Virginia Tech?

• All students in the major enroll in Field Experience in Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, a hands-on field course that helps students develop key skills in navigation, mapping, taking inventory, resource conservation and management, timber harvesting, and forestry operations.
• You can take part in an undergraduate research project such as studying wildfire hazards and risks in the Great Smoky Mountains or conducting an ecological assessment on a forested section of the Virginia Tech campus.
• Internships are highly recommended and encouraged. Watch our internship videos and learn more as students talk about their experiences at the Harvard Forest, Virginia Department of Forestry, and other sites.
• You’ll learn from faculty like  Carolyn Copenheaver , who is leading the charge to address sexual misconduct in field courses, and John Seiler  (Dr. Dendro), who is known nationally for his annual fall foliage forecasts. Passing his Forest Biology and Dendrology lab class is akin to a badge of honor in the college.
• Students and faculty can take part in teaching and research activities in areas like the old-growth Stadium Woods and the 1,353-acre Fishburn Forest, which is located only 20 minutes from campus.
• In the senior capstone course , you’ll gain the invaluable experience of working with real-life “clients,” like landowner and Virginia Tech Athletic Director Whit Babcock, to synthesize four years of learning into a professional forest management plan.
• You might be interested in a CNRE or integrated Pathways minor that will provide you with additional subject matter expertise, allow you to pursue a passion, and help you stand out in the job market.
• Student organizations such as the Forestry Club and Society of American Foresters Student Chapter provide opportunities to make connections and get involved on campus and in the community. Virginia Tech also hosts Timberbeast, an annual timber sports and technical skills competition. 

What can I do with a degree in forestry?

Graduates in forestry may enter the job market or pursue a graduate degree in the field. Career possibilities are listed below, and potential employers include timber/lumber companies, forest products companies, U.S. Forest Service, National Park Service, state and local parks, environmental consulting firms, municipal forestry organizations, commercial tree care services, regional urban forest management groups, and nonprofit conservation organizations.

• Arborist  — Employed by private firms, nonprofit organizations, and utility service providers to plant, maintain, and protect landscape trees in and around cities and neighborhoods.
• Consulting forester  — Provides services and advice to companies, agencies, and individuals on how to manage forests for various uses.
• Extension agent  — Provides the public with information gained from current research programs and speaks with community groups to teach them about forestry.
• Forest biologist  — Protects the health of forests.
• Forest entomologist — Studies forest insects and their impacts on forest health.
• Forest manager  — Manages forests to provide society with a renewable supply of wood and paper products, clean water, recreation opportunities, wildlife habitat, and environmental quality.
• Forest technician  — Helps to manage forested areas on public lands: marks trees for cutting, measures and calculates timber volumes, and surveys and identifies areas to be harvested or improved.
• Geographic information system (GIS) programmer/computer mapping specialist  — Uses computer technology to assist in managing forests and other natural resources.
• Government forester  — Works with landowners to manage their forests or manages publicly owned forests.
• Landowner assistance forester  — Provides technical assistance to landowners in managing forests for timber, wildlife, recreation, aesthetic quality, water quality, etc.
• Natural resources planning and policy advisor  — Advises governments and other agencies that make regulations on the use and management of natural resources, and analyzes impacts of proposed regulations and policies.
• Procurement forester  — Buys timber for paper and forest products companies.
• Urban forester  — Employed by local government or state agencies to manage trees in public urban spaces and advise communities on how to care for their trees.
• Wildland firefighter  — Uses a variety of tactics to suppress wildfires.

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Ph.D. Forest & Conservation Sciences

Phd forest & conservation sciences.

Our doctoral program offers you the opportunity to conduct rigorous, meaningful research on a broad range of forest and conservation sciences topics. You'll complete a dissertation based on original and creative work. You'll investigate and analyze a range of scientific, technical or managerial subjects. You must be accepted as a student by a College of Forestry and Conservation faculty member in order to apply for admission to our PhD program.   Wildlife Biology  is offered as separate doctoral degree program.

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A Doctor of Forestry (D.F.) degree program is a postgraduate degree designed to prepare students for advanced leadership and research roles in the forestry and forest products industry.

With its high-level training and extensive research potential, the doctorate in forestry is an ideal degree for a career in research, conservation, and management of forests around the world.

The Doctor of Forestry program emphasizes the integration of the biological, physical, social, and economic elements of forestry and forest products. It prepares students to think critically and make sound decisions in the environmental and management issues affecting forests and their usage.

In addition to coursework, Doctor of Forestry students often participate in research projects, seminars, and internships in areas such as forest ecology, genetics, ecology, wood production, forest resources policy, natural resources management, and environmental science. With this degree, graduates can pursue a career in teaching, consulting, public policy, and the private sector.

Graduate degree programs, such as a Ph.D. in Forestry, are not generally available in the U.S. at this time through the 100% online format, although you can often find a master’s degree or graduate certificate program in forestry through the hybrid format.

Typically, an extensive research and dissertation process, hands-on training, lab work, field trips, internships, and/or teaching assistantships are often required in an on-campus setting.

Best Doctor of Forestry Schools

University of montana.

PHD IN FOREST & CONSERVATION SCIENCES

School Highlights: The University of Montana provides several Ph.D.’s that are applicable to Forestry, such as Resource Conservation, Wildlife Biology, and Forest & Conservation Science.

Doctoral students delve deeply into their research projects, which the Franke College of Forestry and Conservation supplies 20. Some exciting options are listed below in the Concentration Sample.

The curriculum provides pathways for all pursuits and takes students out into the real world to develop their knowledge and skills.

Graduates have received grants worth tens of thousands, some now work in the wildest tropical forests, and others provide crucial findings at the intersection of economic development and conservation.

Concentration Sample:

• Biometrics and Ecological Modeling
• Fire Science
• International Conservation and Development

Campus Location: Missoula, MT

Accreditation:

• Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities

LEARN MORE ABOUT UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA’S PHD IN FOREST & CONSERVATION SCIENCES

Michigan technological university.

FOREST SCIENCE—PHD

School Highlights: Michigan Technological University supplies two vast and exciting options for students pursuing a doctor of philosophy in forestry. Despite their choice, they are provided with all of the highest quality tools and resources from an institution steeped in STEM-focused research.

Both curricula offer in-depth training and knowledge in all areas of the discipline, from forest ecology to growth and yield to geographic information systems. Applicants with either a bachelor’s or a master’s are welcome. The only difference is thirty additional credits for those with an undergraduate degree.

Degree Options:

• Forest Science
• Forest Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology

Campus Location: Houghton, MI

• Higher Learning Commission
• Society of American Foresters

LEARN MORE ABOUT MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY’S FOREST SCIENCE PHD

North carolina state university.

FORESTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES DOCTORAL PROGRAM

School Highlights: There are thirteen concentrations available at North Carolina State University, which is plentiful compared to other curricula throughout the country.

Students can carve personal academic pathways at this outstanding institution, where all learners are incredibly committed to their pursuits, which is quite clear through NC State’s phenomenal retention rate of 94%.

Some of the most exciting specializations are listed below, and a few others include Bioremediation, International Forestry, and Spatial Information Systems. Students are also required to choose a minor as part of the Ph.D. in Forestry.

• Tree Improvement and Biotechnology
• Forest Economics, Business, and Taxation
• Silviculture

Campus Location: Raleigh, NC

LEARN MORE ABOUT NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY’S FORESTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES DOCTORAL PROGRAM

University of missouri.

PHD IN NATURAL RESOURCES WITH AN EMPHASIS IN FORESTRY

School Highlights: The University of Missouri offers a unique option in forestry that gives students a more broad approach to the discipline. The curriculum requires students to participate in educational and professional activities such as conference lectures and seminar presentations.

There is also a significant amount of independent study required for graduation, wherein doctor of philosophy learners work alongside some of the industry’s most respected experts.

Graduates go on to provide the community with pivotal research findings in contribution to massive global issues such as climate change, forest reduction, and endangered species

Coursework Sample:

• Ecohydrology: Contemporary Topics
• Landscape Ecology and GIS Analysis I and II
• Methods in Aquatic Ecology

Campus Location: Columbia, MO

• Higher Learning Commission 230 South LaSalle Street, Suite 7-500 Chicago, Illinois 60604 www.hlcommission.com, (800) 621-7440

LEARN MORE ABOUT THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI’S PHD IN NATURAL RESOURCES WITH AN EMPHASIS ON FORESTRY

Northern arizona university.

FOREST SCIENCE, DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY

School Highlights: Northern Arizona University has been included on numerous Online-PhD-Degrees.com lists and rankings, but typically for its fabulous distance education programs.

Since, as of today, there are no doctoral degrees in forestry available online, we now recognize NAU for its outstanding terminal, on-campus program in Forest Science.

Through this curriculum, students concentrate their coursework in Ecosystem Science, Forest Management Science, or Forest Social Science, and, despite their choice, the degree is perfect for students pursuing careers in either research or education.

There is also an optional emphasis on Ecology, Evolution, & Conservation Biology, which further refines this excellent Ph.D.

Concentration Options:

• Ecosystem Science
• Forest Management Science
• Forest Social Science
• Ecology, Evolution, & Conservation Biology Emphasis

Campus Location: Flagstaff, AZ

LEARN MORE ABOUT NORTHERN ARIZONA UNIVERSITY’S DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN FOREST SCIENCE

The famous writer Paulo Coelho once said, “In a forest of a hundred thousand trees, no two leaves are alike. And no two journeys along the same path are alike.” So, follow your dreams and take the next step in your educational journey that will help you achieve your dreams. Your love for nature will lead the way!

What is involved in the field of Forestry?

You don’t have to be Smokey Bear to appreciate the invaluable work of the forester! Undoubtedly, the field of forestry is a balancing act. Why do you ask? On the one hand, trees must be used wisely for human use. On the other hand, maintaining a growing population of trees for use can be challenging.

As a forester, you are responsible for preserving and protecting valuable trees while also providing them for corporations to produce building materials, paper, maple syrup, paint, and soaps, as well as medicines and cosmetics.

Foresters also supervise recreational activity locations related to the field of forestry management, such as state parks, wildlife preserves, camping, and hiking areas, and those areas specifically reserved for hunting. Important research is done each year to promote forest conservation, historic preservation, and fire prevention in our woodlands.

How do I earn a Doctor of Forestry degree?

The prerequisites for earning a Ph.D. in Forestry are similar to most other topics. You will need to have completed a bachelor’s or master’s degree program, submit your official transcripts, as well as, provide letters of recommendation, and have excellent GRE scores.

Your Ph.D. program will take approximately four years to complete. The program is an intensive research program designed for those who would like to teach at the university level or conduct research at accredited universities, forest product firms, or perhaps, government agencies. Most likely, you will be required to work an internship with a forestry or conservation agency.

Coursework can vary greatly depending on your specialization; however, you can expect studies in the plant, tree, and wild animal species, as well as silviculture, soil compositions and conservation, forest preservation, botany, tree physiology, and forestry management. You may also study wildlife biology, climate change, and ecology.

What specializations can I choose from in the field of Forestry?

As you embark upon earning a doctorate degree in forestry, you may be interested in choosing a specialized area in the field. The topic of forestry covers a wide array of subjects.

You may be interested in forest management and economics or ecosystem science. Or, forest social science, watershed management, or genetics and physiology? Other choices may include forest biometrics and geomatics, sustainable engineering or biodeterioration, and materials protection.  What are you truly interested in?

Can I earn a Certificate in Forestry instead of a Doctorate degree?

Graduate certificates in forestry are available for professionals who would like to earn the accolade; however, they primarily focus on a major of your choice and do not include general courses like a Ph.D. program does.

You may choose from many concentrations, such as Ecological Restoration, Natural Resource Policy & Administration, Environmental Education and Communication, Forest Health, or Wilderness Management, just to name a few options.

Do I need to be licensed to be a Forester?

In some states, you will need to be licensed or registered. Continuing educational opportunities are also available from the Society of American Foresters (SAF), which offers voluntary certifications.

What kind of career and salary can I expect in the field of Forestry?

If you intend to use your doctoral degree in forestry and conservation science within the realm of teaching at the postsecondary level, you can expect to earn $98,160 to upwards of $138,310 annually , according to the BLS, as of May 2022.

In addition, your doctoral degree will help you demonstrate the skills needed to conduct your own scientific research in the field of forestry. Of course, your options are limitless when research is involved. Such areas may include testing and analyzing data, as well as, publishing your results in major journals in forest management or natural resource policy and law.

Perhaps the desired results of your doctoral degree are for that promotion you want, such as for an administrative or management position as a head forester or department manager in forest conservation.

Most Ph.D. holders in forest sciences find employment with government agencies, such as the U.S. Department of Agriculture or the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The U.S. Forest Service also employs many who have a passion for our trees and wildlife.

Popular career options also include Forest Ecologist, Conservation Scientist, or Nature Preserve Specialist. The average salary earned for a forester as of May 2022 according to the BLS was between $64,420 per year, however, this can vary greatly depending on many factors, such as experience, job location, and education.

The field of forestry is expected to grow 4% between 2022 and 2032, as fast as the average for all occupations.

What schools offer on-campus PhD in Forestry programs?

There are a variety of schools that offer forestry-related doctoral programs and most choose to concentrate on certain aspects of forestry. Therefore, through careful research and consideration, you will, without a doubt, find the right program to fit your needs.

Some of the best schools offering Doctor of Philosophy degrees in Forestry include Northern Arizona University in Flagstaff, AZ; North Carolina State University in Raleigh, NC; Michigan Tech in Houghton, MI; the University of Missouri in Columbia, MO; and the University of Montana in Missoula, MT.

What are the advantages of earning a graduate degree in Forestry?

Although many, here are a few to take a look at:

• Professional Advancement: Earning a graduate degree in Forestry can lead to career advancement. It can also open up more job opportunities with research institutions or government agencies in which advanced degrees are required, such as the Forest Service or the Departments of Agriculture and Natural Resources.
• Higher Salaries: Professionals who hold graduate degrees in Forestry tend to experience higher salaries and increased job security compared to individuals with only a Bachelor’s degree.
• Career Specialization: A graduate degree in Forestry can provide specialization in different areas, such as forest management, economics, ecology, and botany. This allows individuals to hone their knowledge in specific areas and become experts in the field.
• Professional Networking: Earning a graduate degree in Forestry gives students the opportunity to develop valuable professional contacts and networks with professors and other students who have similar interests and backgrounds.
• Problem-Solving Skills: Graduate courses in Forestry also provide students with the necessary problem-solving skills and knowledge to address the many different challenges faced in the industry today.

All of the above considerations are invaluable in developing business plans, identifying and addressing environmental challenges, and advancing the sustainable management of forests.

Additional Information:

• The Best Doctor of Geological Science (D.G.S.) Degree Programs
• The Best Doctor of Molecular Biology (Ph.D. Mol Biol) Degree Programs: Salary and Info
• The Best Doctor of Chemistry (D.Chem.) Degree Programs

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Majoring in Ecosystem Management and Forestry

Ecosystem Management and Forestry (EMF)  focuses on the conservation and restoration of the earth's natural resources through hands-on study of the ecology, stewardship, and management of forest, woodland, and grassland ecosystems. The program offers two specializations to choose from, and if the student chooses a specialization in Forestry, they can qualify to take the Registered Professional Forester's licensing exam in California. Topics studied include wildlife and conservation biology, ecosystem restoration, rangeland management, water policy, fire science, GIS and remote sensing, environmental justice, and rural sociology. Students can participate in an 8-week summer field program in the Sierra Nevada. Offered by the  Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management  (ESPM).

Students interested in learning more about the EMF major can attend a Forestry Mini-Camp . Learn about the forest ecology of the Plumas National Forest, talk to an advisor about your options, and meet some of UC Berkeley’s forestry alumni professionals during a five day/four night camp in August. 

What will I study?

Many students interested in the EMF major have the chance to visit the site of Forestry Field Camp to learn more and get hands-on experience. Photo by Karina Bencomo.

Students in the EMF major select between two specializations:

 The Forestry specialization provides students with the ecological, quantitative, and social foundation to be the managers and leaders in the management of forests and forest resources.  The Forestry specialization is accredited by the Society of American Foresters and provides four years of qualifying education or professional experience for licensing as a professional forester in California. The goals of the Forestry specialization are very closely associated with the educational requirements of the forestry profession and prepare our students for a variety of  careers in forestry or closely related natural resource fields.

The Natural Resource Management specialization provides students with greater flexibility to explore subjects in ecology, physical environment, monitoring and measurement, and management and policy.  Students can choose to concentrate their studies in water management, ecology, climates change or design their own concentration based on interest.

Students in the program, regardless of concentration, have ample opportunity to acquire interdisciplinary skills in the ecology, stewardship, and management of ecosystems such as forests, woodlands, and grasslands. Within the program, students can choose to emphasize topics such as wildlife biology, water policy, fire science, ecosystem restoration, environmental justice, remote sensing and GIS, and rural sociology.

Scholarships

Forestry students are eligible for a series of endowed scholarships based on academic performance and financial need. These scholarships are awarded to students at all academic levels and are usually awarded in the fall semester. In 2012, scholarships totaling $60,000 were awarded in scholarships ranging from $2,000 to $5,000. Beginning in 2013, additional awards will be targeted for students in their first and second years in the major.

The George and Vi Craig California Forestry Association Scholarship Fund  is an endowed fund managed by the Regents of the University of California. It was set up to benefit students studying Forestry and Natural Resources (FNR) at the University of California, Berkeley. The payout from the endowment may be used to provide scholarships to individual students and/or pay for transportation or instructional equipment and material costs associated with field instruction in courses that support the FNR degree program. These funds are intended to increase field experience opportunities for students in the FNR program.

How much coursework is required?

Lower division requirements include courses in chemistry, environmental sciences, physical science, biology, calculus, statistics, GIS and economics. All students in EMF are required to complete three core upper divison courses in ecology, resource management, and a capstone course for a total of 11-12 units. Upper division electives vary for each specialization.

Participation in the eight-week summer field program— Forestry Field Camp —in the northern Sierra Nevada is required of all students specializing in Forestry. Natural Resource Management students have the option, but are not required, to complete a field program and can choose either the eight-week summer field program or the fall semester course on the Polynesian island of Moorea ( Biology & Geomorphology of Tropical Islands ).

What can I do with this major?

EMF provides specific analytical tools needed for graduate school or virtually any type of career in natural resources. Graduates can pursue careers in

• environmental consulting
• public agencies
• non-profit conservation organizations
• private companies
• professional forestry
• wildlife biology
• range management

Some may tackle the planning and implementation of forest management projects, including fuel reduction, timber harvest, reforestation, urban forestry, and prescribed burning.

Others focus their professional work in areas such as wildfire, fire, water, wetlands, restoration, vegetation management, soil/erosion, cultural resources, policy, and the human aspects of natural resources. Much of natural resource management today is about working with, communicating with, and engaging the public and landowners.

The program itself has a longstanding history, so our graduates often find themselves sought after for employment by alumni established in both the public and private sectors.

The Cal Alumni Foresters (CAF)  is the alumni association for the 100 year old forestry program at UC Berkeley. CAF helps bring alumni working in forestry and the diverse fields related to resource and environmental management together to support ongoing discussion and camaraderie. Alumni of all ages are bonded by memories of classes in Mulford Hall, bean feeds put on by the forestry club and summers spent in Meadow Valley learning about Sierra Nevada ecology and timber cruising.

Forestry has changed over the last hundred years since Berkeley’s program began, but this discipline is still very important as an ever growing local and global population place increasing pressure on California’s and our world’s forests. Therefore, CAF supports current Cal forestry students by providing scholarships, mentoring and introducing the new crop of managers to the Society of American Foresters (SAF) at the national convention each fall. We hope that these efforts will help ensure that Berkeley will continue to train excellent foresters and resource managers for our future state and world.

Forestry alumni who complete their qualifications can test to become Registered Professional Foresters in California.  Results of the exams are available here .

Undergraduate Advisor: Sarah Rhoades [email protected] 260 Mulford University of California  Berkeley, CA 94720-3100 View our advising hours schedule here

Faculty Advising: Brandon Collins Department of Environmental Science, Policy, & Management [email protected]

College of Agriculture & Natural Resources Department of Forestry

Ms and phd programs, graduate programs.

Masters of Science in Forestry (MS) Students interested in pursuing an MS in Forestry may choose between two tracks. Students will not be admitted into the Research Intensive MS program until a faculty member has agreed to serve as major professor. If you're interested in applying for the Research Intensive MS you are encouraged to contact individual faculty members directly. Both degrees require a total of 30 credit hours:

In addition to coursework, students in the Research-Intensive track are expected to conduct original research leading to the completion of a thesis. This work is expected to result in at least one publication in the peer-reviewed scientific literature.

Students interested in pursuing a PhD or a career in research should consider the Research-Intensive Track.

In the Professional Track, the focus is primarily on coursework, although the students are required to complete a final report.

The Professional Track may be more appropriate for students interested in management-oriented careers, either with public agencies, non-governmental organizations or the private sector.

Traditional in-person option offers face-to-face interaction with an advisor in a program geared more towards specific research interests.

The new hybrid online option is a mostly online asynchronous set of required courses geared towards working professionals looking for a career change into forestry. This option provides flexibility for those that wish to work full-time while pursuing their MS degree.

See the Department of Forestry's Graduate Handbook for specific requirements. If you are applying for an MS, it is very important to indicate in your application to which degree track (Research Intensive, Professional, or Professional Hybrid) you are applying. Do this at the end of your Academic Statement. If you are applying for the Research Intensive Track also indicate which faculty member(s) you are interested in working with.

Doctor of Philosophy in Forestry (PhD) Students will not be admitted into the PhD program until a faculty member has agreed to serve as major professor. If you're interested in applying for a PhD, you are encouraged to contact individual faculty members directly.

Programs of Study

• Entomology and Pathology
• Resource Economics
• Soils and Hydrology
• Silviculture
• Social Forestry
• Agro Forestry
• Tree Physiology
• Urban and Community Forestry
• Wood Science

Application Deadline

Application materials must be submitted by December 1 for admission the following fall semester. Applications received after this date will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis.

Scholarships and Assistantships

Graduate scholarships and assistantships.

Michigan Christmas Tree Association Graduate Scholarship ($300) - Awarded to a graduate student who has demonstrated interest and participation in the Christmas tree industry and high scholarship.

Graduate Research Assistantships

Depending on the availability of funds in the department and in individual research projects, research assistantships may be available on a quarter-time or half-time (rarely three-quarter-time) basis. Besides a monthly stipend, assistantship recipients receive many other benefits including tuition waivers and health benefits. More information is available in the Graduate Student Handbook.

Academic Advising

If you have questions about the graduate program in the Department of Forestry, please contact the Director of Graduate Studies in Forestry, Dr. David Rothstein, Associate Professor of Forest Ecology/Biogeochemistry.

David Rothstein

Professor, Forest Ecology / Biogeochemistry & Director of Graduate Studies [email protected] 517-432-3353

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• Emily Huff | Human Dimensions of Natural Resources Laboratory
• Jessica Miesel | Fire and Ecosystem Ecology Laboratory
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The Ph.D. in forestry symbolizes the mastery of a special field of learning and indicates the ability of the recipient to independently complete original research and the highest levels of scholarly work. The recipient must demonstrate a comprehensive knowledge of the specialized field by successful completion of a prescribed course of study, planning and conducting original research, preparation and defense of a well-written dissertation, and passing qualifying and final examinations. The Ph.D. in forestry is a research degree awarded in recognition of the student’s ability to think and work independently as a scholar and to contribute to society original research in a chosen field of natural resource management.

Admission Requirements for the Ph.D. Program

• Hold or qualify for a master’s degree in an appropriate area of knowledge from an accredited college or university
• Have a minimum GPA of 3.5 (on a 4.0 scale) on the master’s degree coursework and an acceptable score on the GRE

Exceptions to the above admission requirements may be made on the recommendation of the Graduate Council in the ATCOFA to the dean of the College of Forestry and Agriculture following a written appeal by the applicant to the ATCOFA Graduate Council.

Degree Requirements for the Ph.D. Program

Beyond the master’s degree, a student must complete a minimum of 36 credit hours of graduate coursework, six of which will be a research tool, plus six credit hours of dissertation ( FOR 699   ) for a total of 42 credit hours.

Approved research tools include:

• Statistics (6-9 hours)
• Computer science (6-9 hours)
• Foreign language (6-9 hours or by examination, or other research tools as recommended by the committee)

Required core courses for Ph.D.:

• FOR 510 - Research Methods In Forestry    
• FOR 517 - Biometrics    
• FOR 687 - Graduate Seminar    
• Doctoral students that have successfully completed FOR 510    and FOR 517    while enrolled in our M.S. program, or have successfully completed similar courses in a graduate program at another institution, will be allowed to substitute these courses upon the advice of their research advisory committee.

Although a student’s native language is not acceptable as a foreign language, a student whose native language is not English may use English as a foreign language. In such a case, the student will demonstrate proficiency by a score of 550 or greater on the paper version of the Test of English as a Foreign Language or a score of 213 or greater on the computer-based TOEFL.

Graduate courses required for achieving proficiency in a research tool may not be counted in the total hours required for the degree and each must be completed with a grade of B or higher. Guidelines regarding acceptance of transfer courses are stated in the Research and Graduate Studies section earlier in this bulletin.

Residency Requirement

No residency required.

No terminal time limit is imposed for the doctoral degree. All completed graduate coursework included in the candidate’s degree program must have been taken within six years of admission to candidacy, exclusive of a maximum of three years of military service. If the degree is not completed within three years after admission to candidacy, the candidate’s work is subject each year thereafter to an annual review by the advisory committee.

Qualifying Examination

The qualifying examination (required of all students within approximately six semester hours of completing the formal coursework specified on the official degree plan) determines the student’s mastery of the subject matter in all fields of her/his program and helps to determine whether she/he is to be admitted to candidacy for the Ph.D.

Forestry Degree

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• Why Forestry?
• Associate's Level Degrees
• Bachelor's Level Degrees
• Graduate Level Certificates
• Master's Level Degrees
• PhD Level Degrees
• Job Prospects
• Search For Schools

Why a Forestry Degree?

Associate's degrees.

While some technical forestry positions don't require a college degree, many others do require a two-year degree from a technical college recognized by the Society of American Foresters. These highly focused programs typically provide highly focused introductory coursework in forest management, ecology, biology , and soil science. The degrees can stand on their own, or be transferred to four-year colleges.

What are the education costs associated with earning an associate's degree in forestry?

Two-year degrees generally require completion of about 60 credits. Since community colleges typically charge in-district students about $110 in tuition and fees per credit hour, the average forestry degree will cost about $6,600.

What are the entry requirements for associate's degree programs in forestry?

Applicants to two-year programs in this field must have a high school diploma or GED.

What coursework is required for a forestry associate's degree?

Two-year programs offer foundational courses in biology, chemistry, and the physical sciences. Students must also complete general education requirements in the social sciences and humanities.

What are my employment options with an associate's degree in forestry?

Many two-year forestry degrees are designed to meet state requirements for certain forestry positions, such as a forestry technician, recreation technician, utility forester, or nature interpreter.

School Spotlight

Columbia College - California Located on hundreds of acres of woodland, Columbia College in Sonora, California offers an Associate of Science in Forestry. Columbia is part of the Yosemite Community College District, which partners with the USDA Forest Service to provide training at the High Sierra Institute at historic Baker Station in the Sierra Nevada. Coursework includes soil science, dendrology (plant identification), forest surveying, GIS and remote sensing, and forest management techniques. One course in the human dimensions of forest management, such as law , policy , and conservation is also required. The department cooperates with the Geographic Information Systems and Water Resources Management programs to integrate those areas into the curriculum. Students develop a solid background in wildlife and watershed issues, forestry, mapping, and other necessary skills. They also gain valuable hands-on experience working in Yosemite National Park, the Stanislaus National Forest, Calaveras Big Trees State Park, and other nearby locations. North Idaho College North Idaho College's Associate of Science degree with an area of emphasis in Forestry/Wildlife/Range Management is intended for transfer to a four-year institution. Located in Coeur d'Alene, the program includes foundational courses in the physical, biological, and social sciences, as well as math. Students then progress to take courses in forestry and forest ecology, and choose electives in wildlife biology, range management, geology, and related areas. The program provides a solid background in the management of forests, rangelands, and related natural resources that advanced study at four-year institutions can build upon.

Forestry Undergraduate Programs

Professional forestry positions generally require a bachelor's degree. Forestry programs begin with foundational courses in biology , chemistry , and geology . Students then progress to coursework in forestry, ecology, natural resources management , hydrology, geography, and environmental science . They also take classes in the social sciences and arts. Since foresters must understand the interplay between forests and society and be able to communicate their findings, these classes are also important. It's best to seek out a baccalaureate degree that's accredited by the Society of American Foresters (SAF), which will demonstrate that you've received adequate training for professional forestry work.

What are the education costs associated with earning a bachelor's degree in forestry?

The cost of your degree will depend heavily on the school you choose. In-state students pay an average of $9,139 per year in tuition and fees at public colleges and universities, while out-of-state students pay nearly $23,000. A bachelor's degree in forestry from a private college costs approximately $31,231 per year. Some schools may charge higher fees to support scientific labs and firefighting equipment. These figures do not include the cost of room and board.

What are the entry requirements for undergraduate programs in forestry?

Applicants must have completed a high school diploma or GED. ACT or SAT scores are also usually required. Taking college preparatory courses and as many math and science courses as possible during high school is also advantageous.

What coursework is required for a bachelor's degree in forestry?

Forestry programs begin with foundational courses on biology, chemistry, and geology. Students then progress to coursework on forestry , ecology, natural resources management, hydrology, geography, and environmental science . Some schools offer courses on rangeland management, water issues, and wildlife biology. Lab and field work is usually required. Participants also take classes in the social sciences and arts. Since foresters must understand the interplay between forests and society and be able to communicate their findings, these classes are also important.

What are my employment options with an undergraduate degree in forestry?

Bachelor's degrees are often designed to meet state requirements for certain forestry jobs, such as forester or silviculturist. College graduates are also qualified for jobs with the U.S. Forest Service at the GS-5 or GS-7 grade level.

University of California, Berkeley University of California, Berkeley's well-established forestry program grants a Bachelor of Science in Forestry and Natural Resources. There are two specializations within the degree program: Professional Forestry and Natural Sciences. The SAF-accredited Professional Forestry specialization is intended to help gradu-ates qualify for licensing as a professional forester in California. The Natural Sciences specialization focuses specifically on ecology and the physical envi-ronment. The Human Dimensions of Natural Resources concentration provides students with greater flexibility to explore subjects in ecology, physical environment, monitoring and measurement, and management and policy. Coursework covers wildlife biology, water policy, fire science , ecosystem restoration, environmental justice, remote sensing and GIS, and rural sociology . All students must participation in a fieldwork program. Berkeley offers a Forestry Field camp, or eight-week summer field program in the northern Sierra Nevada, and a fall semester course on the Polynesian island of Moorea, Biology & Geomorphology of Tropical Islands. Virginia Tech Virginia Polytechnic Institute offers a Bachelor of Science in Forestry with three tracks. The Forest Resource Management Option provides the solid background in biological and social sciences necessary for forest management and decision-making. The Forest Operations and Business Option emphasizes forest management from the perspective of commercial timber sale. Graduates work in both public and private forests. The Urban Forestry Option emphasizes forest resource management in cities and towns. Students following this interdisciplinary track choose from classes in horticulture, landscape architecture, and planning to customize their program of study to fit their goals. Graduates find work in municipal forestry, commercial tree care, utility vegetation management, urban environmental consulting, public agencies, and nonprofits. All program participants learn about managing protected areas, economic policy, urbanization, genomics, and soil science. They also discover cutting-edge technology through the college's Center for Geospatial Information Technology and Center for Environmental Applications of Remote Sensing. Students gain hands-on experience by working together to sell timber products and compete in forest sports through the Virginia Tech Forestry Club .

Graduate Certificate in Forestry

There are only a handful of graduate certificates in forestry in the United States. The majority are online programs accommodate working professionals where they live and work.

Online School Spotlight

Oregon State University Oregon State University launched the country's first online graduate program in Urban Forestry in 2015. While the Graduate Certificate is new, Oregon State is well-respected for its forestry programs and quality of online education. Urban forestry is an emerging field that emphasizes the integration of forests with society through parks and trees in public spaces. Recent focus on more livable cities has made this integration a growing trend. Trees and green space provide valuable benefits in urban areas, such as stormwater control and shading. Required courses include Urban Forestry Leadership, Urban Forest Planning, Policy and Management, and Green Infrastructure. Students can also choose from electives in Arboriculture, Ecological Restoration, and Geographic Information Systems. An urban forestry capstone project is also required. Students receive personalized mentorship from OSU faculty or local experts in the field while completing the project. Students who wish to pursue further study can apply the certificate towards OSU's full Master of Natural Resources (MNR) degree. Michigan State University Michigan State University offers an online Graduate Certificate in Forest Carbon Science, Policy and Management that specializes in forests' role in the carbon cycle, and their use in climate change mitigation. The four-course program focuses on how forest management decisions affect the forest carbon balance, the principles of forest carbon markets, the social context of managing forests for carbon sequestration, and the tools for measuring, monitoring, and accounting for forest carbon - including satellite imagery, remote sensing, and integrated carbon sequestration models. Students complete courses in Forest Biogeochemistry and Global Climate Change, Human Dimensions of Forest Carbon Management, Forest Carbon Policy, Economics, and Finance, and Measurement and Monitoring of Forest Carbon. The Certificate program gives working foresters, natural resource managers, and environmental scientists an edge in competing for employment in carbon mitigation projects of corporations, governments, and non-governmental organizations.

Master's Degrees in Forestry

Graduate programs in forestry focus on policy issues and managerial techniques. They also include advanced scientific coursework. These programs are geared towards experienced foresters and natural resource managers who want to advance into higher-level careers.

What are the education costs associated with earning a forestry master's degree?

The average cost of a master's degree in forestry can be at least $11,000 per year at a public college ($916 per credit hour) and $25,000 per year ($2,083 per credit hour) at a private institution. A five-year combined bachelor's and master's program is an excellent way to earning a master's while paying only one year's worth of additional tuition.

What are the entry requirements for graduate programs in forestry?

Applicants must have a bachelor's degree, typically in a natural science. They must also submit GRE or GMAT scores.

What coursework is required for a forestry master's degree?

Graduate programs in forestry cover advanced scientific coursework in tree physiology and taxonomy, forest dynamics, ecology , soil science , hydrology, statistics, natural science research methods, and environmental law . They also focus on administrative topics such as policy, management, and finance. They are typically professional degrees that require a capstone course or project, rather than a thesis.

What are my employment options with a master's degree in forestry?

Graduates fill management and policy positions in forestry, wildlife biology, range management, and environmental consulting. They are employed by government agencies, private companies, and nonprofit environmental organizations.

Yale University - Connecticut Yale University's Master of Forestry has an interdisciplinary curriculum that combines the biological and social sciences. The program develops an understanding the social, political, and scientific aspects of forest resource management. The curriculum is comprised of three educational stages. The Basic Knowledge stage focuses on scientific issues. The Frameworks and Skills for Integrating Knowledge stage focuses on quantitative methods in science and economics. The third stage includes both Synthesis and Analysis of Knowledge and the Capstone. Students take interdisciplinary courses relating to forest management and policy. Within the sciences, students take courses in several topical areas, including Tree Physiology, Morphology and Taxonomy; Forest Ecology; Wildlife Ecology; Forest Health; Soil Science; and Hydrology. They also take courses in Social and Political Ecology, anthropology, policy, and law. The courses are highly interactive and feature group projects. Students can use electives to specialize in a variety of areas including watershed health, tropical forests, urban forestry, and agroforestry, among others. Michigan Technological University Michigan Technological University in Houghton, Michigan has an internationally-recognized forestry program. The school has been designated a Regional Center for Global Climate Change by the US Department of Energy. Michigan Tech offers a Master of Science in Forestry for career changers who want to become foresters. The coursework-only MF is a professional degree designed to prepare students for a career in forestry, rather than a traditional Master of Science (MS) degree. Areas of study include forest ecology, forest soils, silviculture, tree improvement, forest wildlife biology, economics, forest inventory, geographic information systems, growth and yield, wood science, and forest biology. The University partners with the Peace Corps to incorporate Peace Corps service into its curriculum, and owns a 4,600-acre Research Forest and center that supports student and faculty research. The degree program can be completed in three semesters. Michigan Tech undergraduates can earn the additional MF degree with in one additional year through the Accelerated Master's Program.

Doctoral Programs in Forestry

Doctoral programs teach students to conduct original scientific research, in preparation for careers in research and academia. Courses typically focus on research methodology, statistics, quantitative methods, dissertation, and effective teaching techniques. Ph.D. programs also offer further study in the science of forestry, forest management, and the human dimensions of natural resource management, such as policy and law.

What are the education costs associated with earning a doctorate in forestry?

The cost of a doctorate in forestry will depend on which school you choose. Most Ph.D. programs require 60 credits, which can amount to $55,000 at a public college to $125,000 at a private university.

What are the entry requirements for Ph.D. programs in forestry?

Applicants must have at least a bachelor's degree from a regionally accredited institution, preferably in a natural science such as biology, chemistry, or ecology. They must have earned a minimum GPA, and must submit GRE or GMAT scores. Some doctoral programs only accept students who have completed a master's degree and thesis.

What coursework is required for a doctorate in forestry?

Doctoral-level coursework includes advanced topics in biology, ecosystem science, wildlife biology, forest dynamics, soil science, and forest management. Candidates learn research methods, statistics, and experimental design, and use these skills to develop expert knowledge in a specific area of forestry. Required teaching experience is also common.

What are my employment options with a doctoral degree in forestry?

Successful candidates will be qualified for science, research, and policy positions at federal and state agencies, as well as faculty positions at colleges and universities.

Northern Arizona University Northern Arizona University in Flagstaff offers a Doctor of Philosophy in Forestry with three specializations - ecosystem science, forest management sciences and economics, and forest social science. Candidates learn all aspects of their chosen specialization, including the professional literature and issues surrounding research in that area. The program emphasizes generating ideas for original research, research design and methodology, scientific writing skills, and teaching skills. Located near forestland, the campus hosts a research unit of the U.S. Forest Service, as well as the Colorado Plateau Research Station, which is a unit of the U.S. Geological Survey. The University has residency requirements regarding time spent on the Flagstaff campus engaged in full-time study.

Licensure and Certification

Foresters and forest technicians may need to be licensed or registered in some states. Voluntary professional certification is available through the Society of American Foresters.

Opportunities in forestry are expected to grow at a rate of 7% through 2030. Most of this growth will occur within federal and state forest lands in the West. Most foresters work for the USDA Forest Service and state forest agencies. Others are employed in the private sector, where they work for forestry and environmental consulting companies, lumber companies, and forestry firms. Some work for environmental nonprofits, or become faculty members at colleges and universities. Many foresters are also qualified to work as wildlife biologists and range managers.

2020 US Bureau of Labor Statistics salary figures and job growth projections for Conservation Scientists and Foresters reflect national data not school-specific information. Conditions in your area may vary. Data accessed September 2021.

Skills You'll Learn Studying Forestry

• Critical Thinking - Foresters must be able to identify the strengths and weaknesses of various approaches to problems.
• Decision Making - Professionals in this field must use good judgement to make appropriate decisions regarding the alternatives they've identified.
• Reading Comprehension - Foresters need to understand and write program reports and policy documents.
• Speaking - Foresters learn how to communicate information effectively to colleagues, managers, groups, and students.

Tennessee wildlife officials will pay you $100 to catch these invasive carps. What to know

The Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (TWRA) will pay you to fish, but only if you catch a tagged silver carp.

TWRA is running a "silver carp reward tag project" in collaboration with Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources. In both Kentucky Lake and Lake Barkley, fisheries will tag around 1,000 silver carp with a loop tag. Some silver carp will have an upper jaw band.

Fishers can turn in tags and bands each for a $100 reward.

Through the project, TWRA studies the impact of removing silver carp populations and how biologists can fight this invasive species . Additionally, the project supplies data on the carp's movement, behavior and routes.

TWRA began a program in 2018 to eradicate carp from those lakes. In July 2021, the agency reached a milestone of removing 10 million pounds of the invasive species.

Here's what you need to know to help out and claim $100.

Where can I catch silver carp in Tennessee during this project?

Silver carp swims mostly in West and Middle Tennessee .

Reports place the fish species moving south from Kentucky Lake along the Tennessee River and branching off to the Duck and Buffalo rivers. Reports also place the silver carp upstream east from Barkley Lake along the Cumberland River. The furthest report east placed the fish at the Cordell Hull Dam.

One reported sighting was in the Chickamauga Reservoir near Chattanooga.

Silver carp can make it into East Tennessee waters, but it's uncommon. If one is caught in a location uncommon for silver carp, TWRA urges fishers to ice or freeze the fish and contact TWRA immediately.

What do I do if I catch a tagged silver carp?

First, keep the tag. The tag shows you caught the carp, it's neccesary for the reward and there's a phone number on the tag.

The second step is to call or text the listed phone number to contact TWRA's fisheries division.

Finally, fishers will need to provide additional information for the project:

• Contact information for the reward
• Fish identification number on the tag
• A photo of the reward tag
• Date of capture
• Method of capture
• Approximate location where it was caught
• Confirm if the fish was harvested or not

Why are invasive carp bad? How many invasive carp species are there?

There are four invasive carp species in the U.S. and Tennessee. Each species originates from the Yangtze and Amur River systems in China.

Silver carp (the subject of this project) eat microscopic aglae and zooplankton. Zooplankton is a vital food source for native fish species including paddlefish, shad and buffalo. Weighing about 60 pounds, silver carp tend to jump in the water and injure boaters. This makes the species a threat to both other fish and fishers.

Bighead carp also eat zooplankton too, thinning the diet of native fish. Bighead carp are quite large, too, weighing up to 100 pounds.

Black carp eat snails and mussels. Originally, black carp was brought to the U.S. to control the snail population because snails host parasites. Now, the fish species threatens native snail populations.

Finally, grass carp eat aquatic vegetation and was introduced to specifically eat weeds in catfish ponds. However, the species eats various types of vegetation that provides cover for fish like largemouth bass, crappie and bluegill. Vegetation also provides food for waterfowl. Sterile grass carps are legal to keep in private lakes and ponds, but recently tests showed that most carp aren't sterile.

Where are the other invasive carp species found?

Bighead carp are usually found in the lower reservoirs of the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers, with a few reaching the Nickajack Reservoir. 

Black carp reports locate the species primarily in the Mississippi River, but some have been found in Kentucky Lake and Barkley Lake.

Finally, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service works with states to manage grass carp in small lakes. Additionally, private owners stock grass carps in their lakes and ponds.

How do you deal with invasive carp?

The U.S. Geological Survey recommends fish poisons, barriers, physical removal, catching the carp, altering their habitats or adding threats to control the population.

TWRA recommends contacting the agency if an invasive carp species is located in an uncommon area.

Is carp safe to eat?

Carp is safe to eat, according to the USGS. Just be cautious of the intramuscular bones.

TWRA serves invasive carp at events throughout the year. The agency hopes people will try it and desire to eat more, which will grow demand for carp harvesting.

If you see carp on the menu or at a market, it's safe to eat.

In September 2023, the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation lifted a "Do Not Consume" advisory for silver and bighead carp caught in the Mississippi River.

You can't move live carp, according statewide guidelines . Silver carp, bighead carp and black carp are all banned from being moved while alive.

Keenan Thomas  reports for the Knox News business growth and development team. You can reach him by email at [email protected].

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