English Essay

Essay on Education In Pakistan in 1000 Words

English Essay on Education in Pakistan with Outlines & Facts in Easy Language For Students of All Classes Hello readers! Welcome to an insightful journey through the realm of education in Pakistan. Education is a vital tool that has the super power to transform lives, communities & even nations. In this essay on education in Pakistan we shall explore the historical evolution of the education system in Pakistan, its current state, the key challenges it faces & the initiatives and recommended educational reforms that aim to improve education in our beloved country. So, let’s start reading the main part of Education in Pakistan essay!

Table of Contents

Historical Overview of Education in Pakistan:

If we want to understand the present situation of education in Pakistan then it is essential to take a glimpse into the past. The educational system in Pakistan has evolved over time. It has also shaped by the influence of various civilizations. The early education system was primarily focused on religious education. Madrasas were playing a vital role in imparting knowledge. However, the British colonial era introduced a modern education system. This new system was emphasizing on English as the medium of instruction.

education

During the post-independence period, Pakistan faced numerous challenges in establishing a robust education system. Despite these hurdles, the govt made significant efforts to expand access to education & improve literacy rates. Today, Pakistan boasts a diverse education landscape that includes public and private schools, colleges, universities, vocational institutes & religious seminaries.

Current State of Education in Pakistan:

Its an admitted fact that progress has been made in educational system of Pakistan  but the current state of education in Pakistan is still a cause for concern., According to UNESCO, Pakistan has 1 of the highest out-of-school children rates globally as approximately 22.8 million children are out of school . This alarming statistic highlights the pressing need for interventions to ensure all children have access to quality education atleast at school level

Gender disparity is another significant issue plaguing the education system in Pakistan. Girls face multiple barriers like cultural norms, poverty & security concerns. These barriers hinder their access to education. This gender gap not only deprives girls of their basic right to education but also hampers the nation’s development potential.

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Challenges Faced by the Education System in Pakistan:

The education system in Pakistan faces various challenges both systemic and socio-cultural in nature. Inadequate infrastructure, lack of trained teachers & scarcity of resources are major hurdles to providing quality education in Pakistan. Many public sector schools lack basic facilities like proper classrooms, electricity, clean drinking water & sanitation facilities. All these issues make it challenging for students to learn in a conducive environment.

Moreover socio-cultural factors like child labour, early marriages & societal biases against girls’ education perpetuate the cycle of illiteracy. These challenges are further exacerbated by govt policies that often fail to prioritize education or allocate sufficient funds for its development.

Initiatives & Reforms for Improving Education in Pakistan:

Despite the challenges, numerous initiatives & reforms have been undertaken to improve education in Pakistan. The govt, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) & individuals have played significant roles in addressing educational challenges.

The federal govt has launched programs like the National Education Policy, which aims to enhance access, quality & equity in education. Additionally the establishment of the PM scholarships, free laptops and fee reimbursement schemes have provided financial assistance to deserving students for enabling them to pursue higher education.

NGOs like Zindagi trust, Alkhidmat Foundation Pakistan, The Citizens Foundation (TCF), Akhuwat, Fauji Foundation, Bunyad Foundation and Developments in Literacy (DIL) have also made commendable contributions by establishing schools in remote areas & offering scholarships to underprivileged students. Moreover individuals like Malala Yousafzai, a Nobel laureate and education activist have raised global awareness about the importance of education and advocating for girls’ right to education.

Impact of Education on Society and Economy:

Education plays a pivotal role in shaping society & driving economic growth. A well-educated population is more likely to participate actively in civic affairs, contribute to the workforce and make informed decisions . Education empowers individuals to break free from the cycle of poverty by fostering social progress & equality.

Moreover education equips individuals with the necessary job oriented skills & knowledge to thrive in a rapidly changing global economy. By investing in education, Pakistan can unlock its human capital potential, promoting innovation, entrepreneurship & sustainable economic development.

Future of Education in Pakistan

In my personal views the future of education in Pakistan is bright as government is spending more on primary and higher education. Girls are being encourged to join schools. Interest free student loans are being disbursed by many banks. Lot of NGOs are contributing too in this sector. Akhuwat has launched first free university in Pakistan. HEC is arranging foreign scholarships for local students. Lot of new universities have been given charter. Lot of educational websites have been launched in Pakistan to promote education and serve this noble cause like studysolutions.pk and arqumhouse.edu.pk etc. Digiskills is providing access to free IT courses in Pakistan. TEVTA is also there for technical education.

New Initiatives

Many universities have also launched their online and distance learning programs to facilitate the students from remote areas. Sindh government is giving scholarships to large number of school going girls. New Single National Curriculum (SNC) has been launched in the country. Modern education is being introduced in Madaris. 2 years BA/BSc and MA/MSc  programs have been replaced with the 4 years BS programs. Lot of new BS programs have been launched as per the needs of local and international job markets.

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Conclusion:

In short the education is a fundamental right & a powerful tool for social transformation and economic prosperity. However the education system in Pakistan still faces numerous challenges that hinder access, quality & equality. It is crucial for all stakeholders, including the government, NGOs and individuals to prioritize education and work collectively to address these challenges.

Let us join hands and support initiatives that aim to improve education in Pakistan. Every child of the world deserves the opportunity to learn, grow & realize their full potential. Together we can unlock the power of knowledge & pave the way for a brighter future for Pakistan. Hopefully you have enjoyed reading this essay on education In Pakistan .

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Essay On Education System Of Pakistan 2023 (200 & 500 Words) For Students

The education system in Pakistan is a complex and multifaceted system that has been shaped by a variety of factors, including the country’s colonial history, its political instability, and its economic challenges.

The education system in Pakistan is divided into two main sectors: the public sector and the private sector. The public sector is responsible for providing education to the majority of students in Pakistan, while the private sector caters to a smaller but growing number of students.

Essay on Education System in Pakistan – 200 Words

Education is the primary need for the development of humanity. Education shows us what we should do and how we should do it. The power of education can be used to change the world.

Education is the only key to success. Behind every successful man, there is education. Education is the only issue that has the power to bring people together. Education is the most challenging job in human life and also the most crucial cause. Education can lift a country from poverty to prosperity. The education system is complex. It consists of multiple factors that need to be appropriately aligned.

The government plays a vital role in the education system of the nation. The government takes responsibility for making policies for the betterment of the education sector. Pakistan’s education system, while a disgrace, urgently needs improvement.

Even after 70 years of independence, the government has failed to introduce a single education system. The education system is divided into six categories, which have relied on a flawed social engineering policy. It’s time to re-consider it.

There are six categories of education, which are:

  • Pre-Primary schools (Beginning Classes)
  • Primary schools (class I-V)
  • Middle schools (class VI-VIII)
  • Secondary schools (class IX-X)
  • Higher secondary schools ( class XI-XII)
  • University level ( Graduation/ Masters)

Essay on Education System in Pakistan – 500 Words

My topic for the essay is the education system in Pakistan. It is essential because around 3 million students are studying in different country areas, which makes possible 6% of the population. There are many problems and shortcomings that can be solved by both the Pakistani government and the people.

The Pakistani education system is one of the oldest in the world. They boast of having one of the most extensive and effective curricula in all of Asia. However, there are several flaws within the student system that need to be fixed.

Helping to reduce the extreme economic burden on parents, Article 25-A of the Constitution of Pakistan provides that all children receive free and compulsory education between the ages of five and sixteen. The article has been revised to include this provision.

Literacy rates in Pakistan differ significantly from district to district. In Islamabad, the literacy rate is 96%, while in Kohlu, it’s a mere 28%.

We need to recognize the importance of literacy and encourage people to read. The younger generation can learn from books with the example of citizenship, honesty, work ethic, and kindness.

The age range of people has a massive effect on their literacy rate. People between the ages of 55 and 64 have a literacy rate of 38%. Shouldn’t it be more?

Among American adults aged 45-54, only 46% have a high school diploma or equivalent. Meanwhile, 57% of Americans age 25-34 and 72% of Americans age 15-24 possess a high school diploma or equivalent.

It’s clear there is room for improvement, but the situation is gradually improving. With a literacy rate of 65%, Pakistan is still far behind other countries that have literacy rates over 90%, such as Norway with a literacy rate of 99%, Japan with a literacy rate of 97%, and the United States and Canada with literacy rates of 95%.

The Pakistani education system is a long one, with five levels. The first of these is the primary level for grades one to five. There are 64 national examinations a student must pass to advance to the next level.

From grades 6 to 8, we are at the middle level. The third level goes from grades nine to ten. Students at this point can achieve his or her Secondary School Certificate (SSC).

There are several reasons for which education is essential. There are many advantages to having an education. The first reason is apparent. It gives your children a better chance of a high-profile job in the future. Also, the better-educated population of the country automatically raises the public service and infrastructure by reducing the crime rate through more noble citizens.

The state of Pakistani education has seen substantial progress over the years, though it could still do a lot better. They generate around 10,000 computer scientists and 445,000 college grads annually. As you can see, this is excellent news for the country as a whole, and there is even talk of Pakistan.

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essay on importance of education in pakistan

Sample Descriptive Essay: Education System of Pakistan

Sample Essay: Education System of Pakistan

  • October 1, 2024
  • Sir Syed Kazim Ali Notes

Sample Descriptive Essay | Education System of Pakistan: Challenges and Opportunities.

Important Note

The sample essay is uploaded to guide my students in understanding the structure and nuances of writing an essay, particularly for competitive exams like CSS and PMS. This example lets you grasp the essential components of a well-crafted essay, including the outline, introduction, body paragraphs, critical analysis, and conclusion. So, it would help if you noticed how the outline is formulated to ensure coherence and logical flow throughout the essay. The introduction sets the tone by clearly stating the thesis, while the supporting body paragraphs provide evidence and arguments that build on this thesis. The critical analysis, which is key to standing out in competitive exams, evaluates different perspectives on the topic. Finally, the conclusion reinforces the main points, leaving a lasting impact on the reader. Study this sample essay thoroughly, as it reflects the standards I expect from you in your own writing.

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  • Introduction

Understanding the term education and its purpose

Importance of education for a nation’s progress, how does a defective education system drag a country towards destruction.

  • Current situation of Pakistan’s education system

Challenges jeopardizing Pakistan’s education system

  • Low budgetary allocation leading to sub-standard education Evidence : Pakistan’s 2023-2024 federal budget allocation of 2.8% GDP to education, below UNESCO’s 4-6% recommendation
  • Political involvement and corruption hindering the performance of the education sector Evidence : Transparency International 2023 Report highlighting corruption and political involvement as main obstacles in Pakistan’s education sector
  • Inconsistent education policies aggravating the education sector Evidence : Pakistan National Education Policy 2021 revealing government’s failure to implement effective education despite adopting over 25 policies and multiple action plans
  • Outdated curriculum and primitive teaching methods leading to poor quality of education Evidence: Ishrat Husain’s essay highlighting Pakistan’s outdated curriculum and teaching methods affecting education quality
  • Economic constrains limiting access to education Evidence: UNESCO and Pakistan Institute of Education report on Pakistan’s 26.2 million out-of-school children due to economic disparities

Opportunities to revitalize Pakistan’s education system

  • Integration of information and communication technology (ICT) in education system would address the challenge of access to quality education Evidence: Ministry of Federal Education launching Global Education Monitoring Report with UNESCO, Ed Tech Hub, and ITA to leverage technology for quality education
  • Modernization of curriculum and teacher training programs would provide an opportunity to uplift the education standards Evidence: HEC and Ministry of Education reforming education with curriculum updates and establishing NITE for teacher training to uplift standards
  • Promotion of public- private partnership would fill the gaps between public and private education institutions Evidence: World Economic Forum 2023 Report highlights that public-private sector collaboration could improve Pakistan’s education system
  • Focus on technical and vocational training would boost the skills of Pakistani youth Evidence: Establishment of National Vocational and Technical Training Commission (NAVTTC) to elevate Pakistani youth skills to international standards
  • Collaboration with international organizations would offer opportunity to modernize curriculum and enhance the quality of teachers Evidence: Global Partnership for Education Report 2023 highlighting the government’s successful international collaborations offering opportunities to upgrade Pakistan’s education sector

Recommendations for addressing educational challenges in Pakistan

  • To implement education policy in its true spirits
  • To reduce political involvement and corruption in education sector
  • To ensure access to quality education to the economically deprived masses
  • Critical analysis

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Introduction-1

Education plays an indispensable role in a country’s progress. Indeed, countries prioritizing their education sectors have historically prospered in every walk of life. In contrast, countries that do not give importance to it confine themselves to a cocoon of benign inactivity, retarding their social, political, and economic growth. Unfortunately, Pakistan falls among such states that have not given much heed to its education sector. According to Education Development Index 2023, Pakistan ranks 130th out of 146 countries in terms of education. The report clearly shows the drastic situation of education in the country. Sorrowfully, the country’s education system is fraught with multiple challenges that are responsible for its ineffectiveness. That includes lack of policy implementation, low budgetary allocation, outdated curriculum, and political interference in the education sector. However, a beacon of light in the form of opportunities still emerges to make the country’s education sector efficient. These opportunities include emphasizing technical and vocational training, integration of technology in education, and promotion of private-public partnerships. However, grabbing these opportunities definitely requires some remedial measures, such as implementing education policy, decreasing political influence, and ensuring access to education. Thus, the government must address all the challenges and leverage the opportunities to make the country’s education system inclusive. This essay aims to give a detailed overview of the education system of Pakistan, as well as its challenges and opportunities, and suggests some way forward to make it equitable. (237 words)

Introduction-2

Education is not just a catalyst for a nation’s advancement; it is the very fuel. It instils in citizens the values of patience, tolerance, and gratitude, enabling them to actively contribute to a country’s progression. However, when a nation neglects its education sector, it invariably suffers setbacks in social, political, and economic spheres. Unfortunately, Pakistan is one such nation. Despite seven decades of independence, the country’s education system remains out of step with global standards. The Pakistan Institute of Education’s report on Pakistan Education Statistics starkly exposes the dire state of the nation’s education sector. This predicament is a result of a myriad of challenges, from inconsistent educational policies and obsolete curricula to meagre budget appropriations and limited accessibility. Consequently, the country’s education system languishes at the lowest echelons. Yet, a plethora of opportunities exist to steer the nation’s education system towards improvement. These include fostering public-private partnerships, integrating technology into education, and prioritizing technical and vocational training. It is, therefore, the government and policymakers’ duty to adopt a pragmatic approach, free from political influence, to implement policies that ensure access to quality education and uplift the country’s education system. This discourse offers an insightful analysis of the challenges and opportunities afflicting Pakistan’s education system, along with practical suggestions for its enhancement, highlighting the crucial role of the government in this process. (222 Words)

Introduction-3

Education is a crucial driver of a nation’s advancement. Throughout history, countries that have prioritized their education systems have thrived across various sectors. Conversely, those that have neglected education have constrained their progress, impeding social, political, and economic development. Regrettably, Pakistan is among the nations that have not accorded due significance to their education sector. According to the 2023 Education Development Index, Pakistan holds the 130th position out of 146 countries in terms of education, indicating a dire state of affairs. Ironically, the country’s education system faces numerous challenges, including inadequate policy implementation, low budgetary allocation, outdated curriculum, and political interference. Nonetheless, there are avenues for fostering a more effective education sector, such as placing greater emphasis on technical and vocational training, integrating technology into education, and promoting public-private partnerships. However, capitalizing on these opportunities necessitates remedial actions, including policy implementation, reducing political influence, and ensuring widespread access to education. It is imperative for the government to address existing challenges and leverage available opportunities to create an inclusive education system. This essay provides a comprehensive overview of Pakistan’s education system, its challenges and opportunities, and proposes a path forward to establish equity, setting the stage for the proposed solutions. (198 Words)

Introduction-4

Education is a crucial driver of a nation’s advancement. Throughout history, countries that have prioritized their education systems have thrived across various sectors. Conversely, those that have neglected education have constrained their progress, impeding social, political, and economic development. Regrettably, Pakistan is among the nations that have not accorded due significance to their education sector. According to the 2023 Education Development Index, Pakistan holds the 130th position out of 146 countries in terms of education, indicating a dire state of affairs. As a result, the country’s education system faces numerous challenges, including inadequate policy implementation, low budgetary allocation, outdated curriculum, and political interference. Nonetheless, there are avenues for fostering a more effective education sector, such as placing greater emphasis on technical and vocational training, integrating technology into education, and promoting public-private partnerships. However, capitalizing on these opportunities necessitates remedial actions, including policy implementation, reducing political influence, and ensuring widespread access to education. It is imperative for the government to address existing challenges and leverage available opportunities to create an inclusive education system. This essay provides a comprehensive overview of Pakistan’s education system, its challenges and opportunities, and proposes a path to establishing equity. (195 Words)

Introduction-5

Education plays a critical role in shaping the progress of a nation and its future trajectory. Recognized nations, including China, Japan, and Finland, have prioritized education, leading to global acclaim. In contrast, a deficient education system can propel a country towards economic, political, and social decline, posing a risk of inevitable downfall. Regrettably, Pakistan’s education system has not effectively met the nation’s aspirations despite governmental efforts, mainly due to challenges within the sector. These challenges present significant obstacles, including insufficient budget allocation, widespread corruption, political interference, economic disparities, and inadequate policy implementation. However, there are promising opportunities to strengthen the education system, such as integrating information and communication technology (ICT), emphasizing technical and vocational skills, and fostering international partnerships. Addressing these challenges requires practical measures such as minimizing political favouritism, genuine policy implementation, and ensuring access to quality education. The government must overcome these challenges and leverage the available opportunities to ensure a robust and inclusive education delivery system in the country. This essay provides an overview of the challenges facing Pakistan’s education system, explores potential opportunities, and recommends strategies to address these challenges, instilling hope for a brighter future. (190 Words)

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Before exploring the topic deeper, it is imperative to comprehend the concept of education and its underlying objectives. Education constitutes a lifelong learning and skill acquisition process that fosters critical thinking and plays a pivotal role in the citizenry’s personal and professional development, enabling them to contribute to societal advancement. Education is bifurcated into formal and informal types. Formal education is imparted within structured institutions such as schools, colleges, and universities, whereas informal education occurs outside these establishments, encompassing home-based learning and self-directed education. However, the purpose of education lies in enhancing individuals’ skills, elevating their aspirations, and instilling core values. Furthermore, a fundamental objective of education is to cultivate a spirit of inquiry, empowering individuals to make informed decisions and contribute to establishing a sustainable and equitable society.

Education is undoubtedly critical for a nation’s progress, as it fosters human capital, enhances innovation, and promotes socio-economic development. It equips people with the knowledge and skills necessary to contribute effectively to the economy, politics, technology and society. In fact, countries with strong education systems, such as South Korea and Finland, have demonstrated substantial economic growth due to their investment in human capital. South Korea, for instance, transformed from a war-torn nation to a global leader in technology and innovation by prioritizing education. Its focus on science and technology has enabled it to become one of the world’s largest economies. Similarly, Finland’s emphasis on equitable education has resulted in high levels of social development and economic stability. These examples illustrate that a nation’s ability to educate its citizens directly impacts its prosperity. That ultimately leads a country to long-term benefits such as poverty reduction, improved governance, and greater global competitiveness.

Before having a bird’s eye view of Pakistan’s current education system, it needs to notice how an ineffective education system profoundly impacts a country’s trajectory, advancing it towards destruction. An inadequate, ineffective education system primarily focuses on one-way knowledge transfer from teachers to students, neglecting the importance of student-driven learning. This approach deprives individuals of the essential critical and innovative skills required for today’s workforce, potentially leading to economic stagnation. For example, the education system in Nigeria struggles with inadequate funding, poorly trained teachers, and insufficient infrastructure. As a result, many young Nigerians lack basic literacy and numeracy skills, which hampers their employability and economic prospects. This educational deficit has contributed to high unemployment rates and social unrest, weakening the nation’s stability. Moreover, a defective education system gives birth to many societal problems, like unemployment, terrorism, extremism, and street crimes, which become a source of chaos for the entire society. Hence, the overall ramifications of the defective education system are far-reaching and can shake a country’s economic, social, and political foundations and make its decline inevitable.

Current Situation of Pakistan’s education system

Currently, the state of education in Pakistan is a cause for serious concern. The education system is grappling with a range of challenges, including inconsistent policies, an outdated curriculum, compromised quality, and a severe lack of funding. These issues have left the country’s education system in a fragile state. The Ministry of Federal Education and Professional Training’s report reveals a startling statistic-the literacy rate in Pakistan is a mere 62.3%, leaving an estimated 60 million people illiterate. This data underscores the alarming state of education in the country, which has had significant social, political, and economic repercussions. Despite the government’s efforts through various initiatives, policies, and action plans, the statistics continue to present a bleak picture of education in Pakistan, highlighting the urgent need for reform.

Challenges jeoparadizing Pakistan’s education system

Education in Pakistan has been facing numerous challenges. The most significant one is the scarcity of finance. As finance is the driving engine of progress, a nation can only progress socially, politically, and economically with it. Unfortunately, financial neglect stands out as a prime contributor to the country’s defective education system. According to the Pakistan Economic Survey, “Pakistan Federal budget 2023-2024 allocated only 2.8% of GDP to the education sector, which is lower than the recommended 4 -6% by UNESCO.” This minimal budget allocation to education has led to poor infrastructure and sub-standard education in the country. With this inadequate budget allocation, the government can hardly ever meet the demands of a viable education system. Thus, the low allocation of the budget has crippled the country’s education system, making it inefficient.

Going down the ladder, political interference and rampant corruption in the education sector fuel the fire by undermining its foundation. These challenges have plagued the education sector, leading to the non-meritocratic recruitment of teachers, a defective examination system, and ghost employees. Transparency International 2023 Report depicts that corruption and political involvement in Pakistan’s education sector are the main obstacles to betterment. Moreover, corruption and political involvement in the education sector have led to misuse of allocated funds and inconsistent policies, adding more to the grievances of the general masses. Such an alarming situation showcases a decrease in the country’s education standard. Hence, political intervention and corruption are, so far, the most prominent challenges that further aggravate the country’s education condition.

Moreover, the lack of policy implementation is another notable obstacle to implementing good education in the country. Policymakers have failed to formulate an inclusive education policy that makes the country’s education system equitable. Pakistan National Education Policy 2021 highlights that the government has failed to implement effective education policy even after adopting more than 25 education policies and multiple action plans. As a result, the country’s unrewarding education system has jolted it from its very base. Thus, the government has failed to disseminate proper education policy and devise a mechanism for its implementation, rendering it an unattainable goal.

Further, the lack of quality education is a significant challenge to education in the country. Outdated curricula and incompetent teaching methodologies have compromised the country’s education quality, as they do not align with modern education needs. Ishrat Husain, in his essay, “Education Reforms in Pakistan: Building for the Future”, aptly says, “Curriculum and teaching methodologies in Pakistan’s education system are primitive and outdated, which affects the overall quality of education in the country.” Additionally, the outdated curriculum does not foster critical thinking in students, and incompetent teachers encourage rote learning, which limits students’ ability to think creatively and apply their knowledge in practical scenarios. Thus, out-of-date curricula and inept teachers have impacted the country’s education quality, hampering students’ academic and personal development.

Adding more, access to education is still a distant dream in the country due to the high cost of education. Due to economic constraints, children prefer working instead of going to school. This gloomy picture manifests as a high dropout rate, especially in remote areas. According to the collaborative report of UNESCO and the Pakistan Institute of Education, “Pakistan has the second highest number of out-of-school children in the world, with an estimated 26.2 million out-of-school children, largely due to economic disparities.” Sadly, this startling figure indicates the government’s failure to ensure access to quality education, depriving children of their bright future. Thus, poor access to education is a significant challenge for the country’s education sector, unfolding in the form of many out-of-school children.

Opportunities to revitalize Pakistan’s education system

Although the country’s education sector has grappled with a multitude of challenges, there are ample opportunities for it to thrive. These opportunities, for sure, would make the country’s education system viable. First, integrating information and communication technology (ICT) in education would address the challenge of access to education. Therefore, the government has taken multiple initiatives to integrate technology into the education system. For this, The Ministry of Federal Education, in collaboration with UNESCO, Ed Tech Hub, and the Information Technology Agreement (ITA), has launched the Global Education Monitoring Report to use technology in imparting education and ensuring access to education in the country. This step would expand e-learning platforms and provide easy access to education, especially in under-reserved and remote areas. Thus, ICT integration would help the education system to thrive completely, as it would greatly enhance access to quality education content for students nationwide.

Additionally, curriculum and teacher play the role of guide, delineating students’ learning path and helping them in the process of learning. Significant reforms in curriculum and teaching methodologies in the country’s education system would provide an opportunity to uplift education standards to the level of ever-emerging market needs. For this purpose, the Higher Education Commission (HEC) and the Ministry of Education Pakistan have taken initiatives to reform education by updating the curriculum and establishing the National Institute of Teachers Education (NITE) for teacher professional training. These education reforms would help to incorporate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) subjects in the curriculum and equip teachers with modern pedagogical skills. Hence, these reforms would provide a lot of space for promoting critical thinking and practical skills among students and teachers, ultimately improving the overall quality of education in the country.

Another significant opportunity for Pakistan’s education sector is the promotion of public-private partnerships. This collaborative approach has the potential to bridge the gap between public and private education institutions, bringing about positive changes in the country’s education system. The World Economic Forum 2023 Report on Pakistan’s education underscores the potential of successful collaboration between public and private education sectors to improve the country’s education system. This partnership would introduce innovative teaching methods, improve infrastructure, and provide modern education materials to public institutions, thereby raising their standards to match those of private education institutions. The successful implementation of public-private partnerships offers a promising opportunity to enhance the country’s education sector.

Next, focus on technical and vocational training is one of the key opportunities for improving education standards in the country. Technical and vocational training programs would emphasize skills improvement and increase employment prospects for the youth, which can increase the country’s economic output. The government of Pakistan has established the National Vocational and Technical Training Commission (NAVTTC), which would boost the skills of Pakistani youth up to international standards. This indicates that techno-vocational institutions would produce a highly skilful, creative, and confident workforce who would have advanced reasoning and perception of problem-solving skills, making a diamond out of coal. Hence, techno-vocational training programs would produce efficient human resources, heading the country’s path towards education, economic, and political development.

Last but not least, collaboration with international organizations presents significant opportunities for Pakistan to address its education crisis. By partnering with international organizations, the government can modernize its curriculum, upgrade infrastructure, and enhance the quality of its teachers. The Global Partnership for Education Report 2023 highlights that successful partnerships with international organizations, such as the United Nations, British Council, and the World Bank, can offer numerous opportunities to uplift Pakistan’s education sector. These opportunities include exchange programs, scholarships, and research opportunities for students and faculty. By leveraging these opportunities, the country can produce a more efficient, skilled, and competitive workforce. In essence, collaboration with international organizations can help Pakistan unlock its citizens’ full potential and foster a community committed to improving the country’s education standards.

Recommendations to overcome educational challenges in Pakistan

As the cliche goes, there is always light at the end of the tunnel. Pakistan can improve its education system and turn its citizens into assets if it gives due heed to its education sector. For this, the government must take some measures. The education sector in the country has always borne the burden of sheer neglect because of political unwillingness to implement policy implementation. Therefore, first, there should be a strong political will on policy implementation. Without any delay, the government, with the help of policymakers and educationists, should devise a proper education policy and ensure its effective implementation. This can help the nation to pave its education standards towards betterment.

Next, the education sector should have low political interference and corruption because they have held the whole system hostage, preventing it from functioning properly. Therefore, Finally, economic disparity has been a major obstacle to accessing education. To address this, the state should enforce the Right to Education law under Article 25-A of the Pakistani Constitution. This law, a beacon of hope for equality, states: ‘The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of five to sixteen years in such manner as may be determined by law.’ By providing financial assistance, such as scholarships and stipends, to those who cannot afford education, this law will ensure that every child has the opportunity to receive an education, thereby fostering a sense of security and protection in the population.

Finally, the prevalence of economic inequality has posed a significant barrier to accessing education. To mitigate this issue, the government must uphold the Right to Education law as stipulated in Article 25-A of the Pakistani Constitution. This legislation mandates that “The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children aged five to sixteen years in such manner as may be determined by law.” By offering financial aid such as scholarships and stipends to those who are financially incapable of affording education, this law will ascertain that every child has the opportunity to receive an education, thereby nurturing a sense of security and safeguarding within the populace.

Critical Analysis

To evaluate critically, establishing a comprehensive and resilient education system is fundamental to a nation’s advancement. Regrettably, Pakistan has struggled to develop a sustainable education system, placing future generations in a precarious position. Numerous challenges contribute to the substandard state of education in the country. Nevertheless, there are promising opportunities that serve as beacons of hope. The country can catalyze significant transformations within its education sector by capitalizing on these opportunities. Furthermore, the obstacles impeding the improvement of the country’s education can be overcome by implementing pragmatic measures. Consequently, addressing the challenges within the education system can elevate its standard, propelling the country toward unparalleled development.

In conclusion , Pakistan’s education system, plagued by challenges such as inadequate funding, political interference, and outdated curricula, has hindered the country’s progress. However, the potential for reform remains strong. Pakistan can revitalize its education sector by addressing these challenges and seizing opportunities like integrating technology, enhancing public-private partnerships, and focusing on vocational training. The government’s commitment to policy implementation and reducing corruption is crucial for achieving an inclusive, high-quality education system that can drive the nation toward sustainable development and global competitiveness.

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Pakistan & Gulf Economist

Education in Pakistan: problems, challenges and perspectives

Education in Pakistan: problems, challenges and perspectives

Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah said and I quote:

“Education is a matter of life and death for Pakistan. The world is progressing so rapidly that without requisite advance in education, not only shall we lag behind others but maybe wiped out altogether.”

The education section of the executive summary of the Economic Survey of Pakistan 2021-22 notes: “Pakistan is committed to transform its education system into a high-quality global-market demand-driven system in accordance with Goal 4 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) .” However, the reality is vastly different.

The literacy rate in Pakistan in 2021 was only 62.8%. Any gains in literacy rates over the last many years have been small, slow and marginal.

In 2021-22, we spent only 1.77% of GDP on education-related expenditure at both the federal and provincial levels. Most UN agencies recommend that the minimum expenditure on education should be 4% of GDP. In recent years, the highest percentage of GDP we have spent on education was in 2017-18, when education expenditures were raised to 2.12%. The usual argument given for lack of spending on education has always been and still is that we do not have the resources.

In Pakistan, the current literacy rate is 62.3%. In Budget 1.7% of GDP has been allocated as Education Budget which is lowest in the region. The expenditure of Rs 74,609 billion has been allocated for Tertiary Education Affairs & Services in budget 2022-23; Rs 3,786 billion for pre-primary & primary education; Rs 8,863 billion for Secondary Education Affairs and Rs 2 billion for administration. Rs 44,174 billion has been earmarked for Higher Education Commission ( HEC ) under the Public Sector Development Program (PSDP) for the year 2022-23. (Business Recorder June 11, 2022).

essay on importance of education in pakistan

According to data from the World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Report 2017-18, the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) shows Pakistan’s slow performance being ranked 129th of the 137 countries, on the Health and Primary Education related elements of competitiveness, when compared with other countries in the region like India, China, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Malaysia. The structure of school education system in the public sector is depicted in Fig. below.

essay on importance of education in pakistan

Figure Above: The structure of school education system in Pakistan (Pre-Primary to Higher Secondary)

Education system creates sense of responsibility among people and they come to know the methods to achieve their national, societal and personal rights and it also enhances their general consciousness needed to deliver their duties as citizens towards their Nation. Once the realization originates, people start working for the development and prosperity of their motherland in the atmosphere of trust and co-operation.

The polarization and non – unified education system has resulted into outraged political turmoil, deadly terrorism, incessant sectorial violence, social disruption, economic instability and degeneration of government system. Whether it is poverty, non-availability of jobs, security uncertainty, sectarianism or terrorism, lack of tolerance, lack of general awareness, illiteracy, all are off shoots of the poor, inefficient and ineffective education system. The lowest budget allocation, a realm of large number of ineffective education policies has badly failed to take country out of economic, social, political and development quagmire.

Education has fundamental role in the economic, social, political and structural development of any nation. Many of the economic issues like poverty , overpopulation, unemployment , resource mobilization, inflation, exchange rate drastic fluctuation, housing, infrastructure, and health can be reduced and handled by improving education system in Pakistan. Education can also solve social issues like Baradari system, Wadera Culture, Chaudary regime and slave mentality. The political issues like battle for power by different politicians, lawlessness, fraud, corruption, religious riots, extremism, processions to gain popularity, use of indecent remarks, no public service, no human investment to save the lives of ignorant and deprived humans. Structural Development like transition from primitive methodologies to modern strategies; Shifts from Agriculture to Industry, hand made tools to mechanization, from physical conventional education system to Online Education and adoption of highly sophisticated and up to the mark technology can only happen with the strong Education Policy and implementation of country’s education system.

Pakistan, since its inception has failed to establish an education system which can fulfill the aspirations of the general public. Being a developing country, Pakistan is facing multifaceted problems and issues in the education sector. There are many issues prevalent and practiced in Pakistan’s Education System at all levels of Education – primary, secondary – colleges or universities.

The educational institutions within the country are divided into following categories: (1) Pre-primary School (2) Primary School (3) Middle School (4) High School (5) Higher Secondary (6) Inter-colleges (7) Degree Colleges (8) Universities (9) Non-formal Basic Education (10) Education foundations (11) Technical & Vocational Institutions (12) Teacher Training Institutions (13) Deeni Madaris

Pakistan’s schooling system consists of three main school types namely public sector schools, private sector schools and Deeni Madaris. These are further divided as public and private mainly due to curriculum and examination systems used in the schools and the language of instructions used by teachers.

essay on importance of education in pakistan

The Broad Categories on education level are:

School Education (Pre-primary – Class 12) College Education (Degree Colleges Class 13-14) University Education

The education system of Pakistan is comprised of 305,763 institutions accommodating 51,186,560 9 students and 2,073,433 teachers. The system is composed of 189,748 (62%) public institutions and 116,015 (38%) private institutions, which also include 31,115 Deeni Madaris. The public sector is serving 28.49 million (56%) students to complete their education while the remaining 22.70 million (44%) are enrolled in the private sector of education. About 38 percent private educational institutions are facilitating 44 percent of students showing a slightly higher per-institution enrolment ratio in the private sector compared to the public sector.

essay on importance of education in pakistan

There are a total of 186 universities & degree awarding institutions catering to the needs of higher degree students in both public and private sectors of education. Out of these universities, 111 (60%) are working under umbrella of public sector, whereas 75 (40%) are working in the private sector.

essay on importance of education in pakistan

The total enrolment in the universities and degree awarding institutions is 1.576 million. Out of these 1.266 million (80%) students are enrolled in public sector whereas, 0.309 million (20%) students are studying in private universities and degree awarding institutions. In the overall national scenario only four percent students have access to university education. The total male enrolment in the universities is 0.881 million (56%), whereas, the female enrolment is 0.695 million (44%) . There are 56,885 teachers imparting higher education to the students in these universities. Universities in the public sector employ 38,011 (67%) teachers while those in the private sector have 18,874 (33%) teachers.

The significant issues of Education system are lack of Budget Allocation, lack of Policy Implementation, Faulty examination System, Poor Infra Structure of Educational Institutions, Lack of Teacher’s quality, low enrolment, Wayward and Directionless Education system, High scale drop outs, Increasing Political Interference, Out dated curriculum, corruption, Poor Management and Supervision, lack of Uniformity, lack of research, lack of faculty training and Development, Cost of Education, Terrorist Attacks, Cultural Constraints, lack of Parent input, Widening gap between Educational Institutions and Community, lack of Academia Industry Linkage program and Learning Crisis etc.

Education is the nurturing and nourishing force for the construction of strong and impressive societal set up, prominent development and significant growth of the country. Education explores new dimensions and polishes the hidden talent, potential, capabilities and strengths of individuals and redirect these forces towards the rise of Pakistan as a powerful nation on the global horizon.

Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah envisioned Education System of Pakistan as the driving force behind all the national goals. In the first National Education Conference held at Karachi. It was decided that Education System will work according to the National aspirations of Pakistan and it will be truly related to the needs of the people of Pakistan. The father of Nation said, “The magnificent goal of Education sector will be to develop character of Pakistan, high sense of responsibility, social integrity, selfless service to the Nation and morality on the part of the people of Pakistan.

Critical analysis of the problems and issues of education system in Pakistan.

These are the most dominant issues and problems of our Education System which needs to be addressed and to find remedial solutions for these issues and put forward recommendations for the positive change in our prevalent Education System.

1- Lack of uniformity

The Education System is not Uniform and is based on differentiated Education System like Public Institutions, Private Institutions and Deeni Madaris. There has been accelerated polarization in the Education System due to divisive Pakistani Education System. This has penetrated into cultural veins of the Nation. The recent waves of Sectarianism and Terrorism are the consequences of this divisible system. Polarized Education System has further divided society on political, economic and social grounds instead of uniting people. This division is leading towards further segregation on linguistic and religious levels and cutting knee deep the ideological foundation of the Nation.

2- Education without direction

A sound Education System is essential for every nation of the world. All nations develop their people or human resources on the basis of rigorous focus on Education and Training . We have poor and direction less education system with lack of cohesion and more prone towards general education without creation of Skillful man power resulting into massive unemployment. It also results into massive political, social, economic and cultural distress among people. There is no use of science and technology in the education system. Students are unable to develop critical thinking, creativity, imagination, reasoning, experimentation, innovation and invention

3- Outdated curriculum

We are still following the old fashioned and outdated Education System of rote memorization, cramming the facts and figures without realizing the holistic development of individuals. The objective of Education should be development of psychological, philosophical and sociological foundations of Education. The present curriculum is not motivating learners for practical research and development, scientific knowledge and reflective observation.

4- Lack of professional development of teachers

There are few training institutes but have lack of funds, lack of resourceful and trained trainers and administers. There are no defined standards of training and development. The courses and trainings are outdated, traditional without exposure to modern technology, motivation, quality of teachers and enhancement of skills .

5- Lack of quality teacher

According to UNESCO report, the quality of educational institutions and teacher is low. The situation is grimmer in remote parts of Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan where there is non availability of teachers. Teachers are not using new methods of teaching and learning, no lesson planning, old method of cramming, no research, no use of libraries or internet, no book reading. Students are promoted to next class on the basis of cramming and memorization of facts and figures without knowledge in depth, no conceptualization, no understanding of topics in the books without relevance in schools.

6- Alarming dropouts

Lack of management and discipline in schools leads many students to drop out from school. This trend is due to punishment in schools, poor parenting, lack of motivation, unattractive school environment, child labor & poverty are also very significant reasons of huge drop out from schools, colleges and universities. It shows that almost 30% of children enrolled in primary education. This trend has added to low literacy rate in Pakistan.

7- Examination system

Students are evaluated on the basis of annual exams, semester wise assessments. Both quantitative and qualitative exams should be introduced to judge the performance of students on comprehensive level and exams should evaluate the student’s ability through various types of reliable assessments like case studies, research papers, MCQs, Comprehensive subjective questions, Analytical questions to check the conceptual understanding of students especially in higher classes (Rehman, 2011).

In Pakistan examination system is faulty and it tests only the memory of students, there is use of unfair means, bribery, cheating, issuance of duplicate marks sheets, changes of marks, change of answer sheets, impersonation. This present examination system has promoted rote memorization and cramming. It has badly failed in producing critical thinking, analytical skills, learning, intellectual power and visionary reflection in the students at all levels of education. It does not measure the strength, achievements and performance of students (Quereshi, 1975).

Modular system of examination in Medical Universities is producing incompetent students with insufficient knowledge of Anatomy which is the backbone of medicine studies. In modular system a single paper for three subjects is given to students. Students prepare easy subjects to pass the exam and leave the difficult and important subject of Anatomy for choice. Therefore, this method has tarnished the strong foundations of learning and performing badly. Doctors produced with such type of examination with lack of proper understanding of subject will not be able to serve the humanity honestly and do the justice with their profession.

In our education system educational institutions are used as breeding grounds for political parties and in colleges and universities these groups nurture. Students get benefits by being part of any political party during exams. A list of students is provided to the teacher by the student leader to pass them in the exam, admissions are given on the party basis, exams are marked and checked on party basis because mostly teachers are also working for parties while sitting in educational institutions. During Board or University exam by giving money to the invigilator, students are allowed to cheat in the exam, Students throw question paper outside the window and one of the party rep climbs up the tree near the window with Megaphone and starts dictating answers by calling up question numbers. Honest Teachers are threatened and sometimes gunned and killed in case they are not willing to listen to the unfair demands of the students of different parties.

Some of the teachers are also involved in malpractices. They leak the paper by charging handsome amounts or solve the papers for students or allow students to solve the papers by cheating from books, material or from some good student. In board exams, before submission of sheets to the board office representative student is asked to write down correct answers. Teachers are themselves involved in such political activities and award “F” grade to students who are not in their party.

In Russia there is no exam system like ours. Students study through out the year and at the end of year teacher can ask any question from the book to pass the candidate and check his understanding & knowledge of the subject.

8- Poor supervision standards

To monitor teaching and learning, poor and harsh standards of evaluation and punishment are used which in some case leads to termination of jobs . At primary school level teacher’s evaluation is not possible. Secondary Schools/Cambridge Schools are evaluated through Board exam results/CAIE results. In college, again Board or University exam results are the criteria to judge the academic performance of Student and Teacher’s teaching. Whereas, actually there is an increase in tuitions instead of relying on School or College teaching. Students and their parents are compelled to go for tuitions due pressure of good grades and admissions in good educational institutions. There are many tuition centres, coaching centres, academies where the same teachers who were unable to impart quality education give quality tuitions by charging heavy amounts and prepare students well to score good grades. The low salaries demotivate them in their institutions to impart good education. In Universities students are given power to evaluate teaching and their grading becomes part of an Annual Evaluation Report which is essential for promotion or benefit of the faculty. This system is again polluted by involvement of computer department staff, Student coordinators and by bribing students to give bad remarks about any teacher. Some insincere and corrupt teachers mark students’ attendance and give them good marks, tell them questions of exams and do immoral activities to get good evaluation from students. Teachers who are honest and hard working are ranked low by students. Even at higher education institutions there is lobbying and politics through which false evaluation against any faculty can be prepared to get rid of the unwanted faculty by the management. So, in short, supervision system is more prone to harassment and control over the teaching staff rather than providing proper guideline and training for the improvement of teaching methodologies & strategies. (Rehman, 2011).

9- Internal and external influence

In Education sector external factors are coming outside the system through politicians and they bring changes in the system to give favor to their families, relatives, friends etc. Internal factors are bureaucratic manipulations (Mazhar, 2011).

There is great favoritism and Nepotism in cases of transfers, Appointments, Promotions, Salaries, Grades & Work Stations. Due to this the basic Infrastructure of the Education System in Pakistan has been badly affected (LOUIS, 1987).

10- Lack of resources

There are not proper Libraries with physical space for Students to Study. Books are not available, No digital libraries, no computer Facility in the library especially in public sector colleges & universities. No proper lighting, no AC, no Generators in case of power break down are available to make studies more comfortable for the desirous and ambitious students. Class rooms are over-crowded, corridors are flooded with students, Inadequate and Inefficient teachers, Laboratories without required apparatus & equipment of practical learning have resulted into a situation of despair and low standard of Education (Louis, 1987).

11- Lack of policy implementation

Frequent political turmoil and change of governments have made policy implementation in its true letter and spirit impossible. Corruption, Lack of Resources, Lack of teacher’s involvement in policies and inconsistency in successive planning on the part of various political regimes in Pakistan. Teachers are ignored while designing Education policies which has led to alienation between teachers and the system of Education (Zaki, 1989).

12- Low budgetary allocation for education

Education system in Pakistan has been crippled mainly due allocation of scarce financial resources in budget. The Education Budget which is definitely not sufficient to fulfill the growing needs of population and involvement of modern technology in the education system, low salaries, high taxation are also hindering the growth of this sector. Taxes are even imposed on the hourly payment of visiting faculty at the rate of ten percent from filers and twenty percent from non-filers which is really unjustified and reduces the meagre earning.

In many countries like Bangladesh & Sri Lanka the Education share in total budget of the country is increasing but in Pakistan it is continuously declining (Sayan, 2012).

13- Corruption

Corruption is another factor responsible for deterioration of the Education System, use of unfair means, nepotism, favors in transfer, promotion and appointments and decision making, misuse of funds, use of illegal authority by the school management, Gender based exploitation and harassment are the subsidiaries of corruption .

14- Lack of faculty training and development

Educational institutions do not spend available funds on the training and development of teachers. They are neither sent to attend the workshops, courses, seminars or conferences to groom themselves and learn the modern techniques and methodologies of teaching. Here again only few favorite teachers are selected for these trainings and most of the teachers remain deprived of any opportunity to groom their teaching skills.

15- Non- availability of public transport/ parking/traffic congestion

Most of the private schools are located in residential areas usually in bungalows to avoid taxes. Here the big issue is non-availability of public transport, parking and traffic congestion on daily basis. This makes both students and teachers tired and stressed because of wastage of lots of time of travelling to and from school to home. This unnecessary delay in timings also affects the quality of education. Mostly schools do not provide their conveyance to students, teachers and staff but ask them to avail transport of the companies with which the senior management set commission.

16- Opening up of large nuber of private schools

There is opening up of various private schools with a shift from Matric system to O & A level with Up-to-date modern technologies. They have comparatively better infrastructure, spacious class rooms, low strengths of class, more trained teachers, with proper sanitary conditions, counselors, doctors, psychologist, its teachers, sports teacher, swimming pools, etc. Creativity of students is enhanced through various activities. These facilities are missing in public schools so parents prefer to send their children to nearby private schools.

17- Politics in education

Different political parties prepare their representatives amongst students. Different teachers also involve them in this exercise as party members. These teacher in exchange of this get favors and benefits from parties by helping their students in getting admissions, provision of question papers, awarding of good grades as per list provided by the party.

18- Compulsion to purchase stationery, syllabus, uniforms and other items from school shop

School management compels parents to purchase the required stationery, syllabus, uniforms and all other required study material from their own school’s shop where the rates are too high as compared to the open market. This puts burden on the finances of the family and parents have to change the school or leave the school. The school charge fess for 3 moths and invest this amount in different profit schemes to earn interest on it.

During COVID-19 pandemic when due lock down schools were closed and even online classes were not in practice, school charged full fee from the students and parents had no option except listening to the management and doing as they demand to keep admission of their child locked and secured.

19- Entry tests, coaching and paper out

All the admissions have been linked with admission test in more or less all institutions making the credibility of different schools, boards, colleges and universities doubtful just to give benefits to the students who are non-deserving and not coming on merit with their results. Every year we hear about MCAT test, usually tests are postponed or test paper is out and re-exam is arranged and many of the students with good grades are pushed out of the admission list. The private colleges have their own test criteria and select students as per their own policies and even charge fees as per their own policies. Most of the deserving, hard working students due to the demand of heavy fees are forced to move towards some other institution. Every year PMDC is dissolved. For these entry tests students join academies, tuition centres and coaching centre and pay high charges to prepare for admission in all these high ranked Engineering and Medical institutes.

These admission tests are introduced to favor their own families, relatives, friends or workers of the political parties to strengthen their vote bank in their constituency.

These tests are fake, their results are fake, the merit lists displayed are fake. In this way many deserving students do not get chance to pursue education of their own choice.

20- Theoretical knowledge inplace of practical learning

Students are given only bookish theoretical knowledge instead of practical knowledge. Most of the students even after getting degrees do not meet the requirement of jobs and are unable to be absorbed in the working population. Students should be sent at least for one semester in organizations before their graduation so that they may become acquainted with the office environment and familiar with the working of different reputable organizations. Activities, Role plays, Case Studies, Worksheets, Research Projects, Seminars, Symposiums, Lecture Series, Events should be organized for the students with their hundred percent involvement so the students not only own the activity but get an opportunity to meet influential people from big companies of reputable brands.

21- Lack of liaison between industry and educational institutions

Mostly universities have no liaison with industries and therefore their students face problems at the time of induction. Universities should invite industrialists to teach courses especially in the last two semester of their studies so that students can learn about the ins and outs of the industrial workings and may get a chance of absorption in the industry as employees.

22- Non-participatory in nation building

Education Sector is not playing any role in Nation Building. Our Education System is producing students with mindset that only foreign countries are providing good education and to get good job it is necessary to become foreign graduates. Mostly Students lack patriotism, civic sense, loyalty and love for their homeland and people living here and treat them as inferior to the foreign world. So being Status conscious and due ostentatious effect our crème has moved abroad for higher education. On the other hand, students who get them enrolled here in Pakistan after getting degrees and job search find it best to move abroad for higher studies, job and career growth. Once they get job, they prefer to stay there on permanent basis and become citizens of that country with dual nationality status. Our best youth has settled in European Countries, USA, UK, Canada, Germany, Spain, Italy, Australia, Malaysia, South Africa and Gulf Region and rendering their best services and earning handsome salaries and maintaining luxury life styles in those countries without any fear of security, terrorist attacks, bomb blasts, sectarian riots, traffic congestions, pollution, Smog, energy Shortage etc. By being there they feel satisfied and happy. They do not send any remittances here instead they are calling up their families, relatives and friends to come and transfer their assets to those countries making Pakistan’s economy weaker with this outflow of resources. Our Doctors, Engineers, Architects, Retired Army Officers, Bankers, health workers paramedical staff, skilled labor, business graduates, pilots, Air men, Air Technicians, Aircraft Engineers, Educationists, Insurance Agents, Scientists and Researcher have moved to Western countries and are not willing to come back or serve the Nation.

23- Pupil teacher, pupil school and teacher school ratio

These ratios are very important. If there are more peoples in one class then teacher cannot give individual attention to students. Weak students are neglected and gap between strong and weak students widens. If pupil school ratio increases then infrastructure does not accommodate the increased number of students and in place of two students, three or four students are asked to sit. Other facilities like availability of labs, computers, access to canteens, sports items, playgrounds, washrooms etc. become less for the large number of people. If schools have low number of teachers hirings then work load for one teacher is overburdened and individual attention, mood, behavior, marking of copies/assignments or imparting of quality education is disturbed. The ideal class size is 30 students at most for one teacher but in our universities sometimes more than 100 students are accommodated in one class.

24- Non-availability of electricity

Load shedding and energy crisis in the country has devastatingly ruined the quality of education. In summer when the weather is hot and humid, then in the class of 68-70 students when teacher has very limited space to move, then there is suffocation, lack of oxygen, smell of sweat and loss of student’s attention in studies. This is a source of big demotivation for students and teachers and they want to leave.

25- Non-availability of drinking and washing water in toilets

In most of the schools clean drinking water is not available. Mostly the washrooms are not cleaned on regular basis so health hazards are faced by the students and teachers especially female students suffer a lot because of this. Mostly, schools’ students suffer from cholera, diarrhea, typhoid etc.

26- Non-availability of boundary wall

There are many schools in villages, towns and even cities where schools are working without boundary walls, which has become a security hazard.

27- Terrorist attacks and child killing

Terrorist attacks in schools like APS, Peshawar where a large number of students were killed. Schools are force to provide security to students. Attacks on students, teachers, on school buses, entrance of school buildings have decreased enrollment in schools.

28- Female students and female teachers’ harassment

Female students and female teachers are sexually harassed by male teachers. Many students are threatened not to speak against the culprit. In universities many male teachers award good grades to female students after their sexual assault. In jobs, females involved in such type of illicit activities and involved with the management get all kind of benefits of increments; increase in salaries, courses abroad, promotions and in some cases female faculty was awarded PhD degrees even when their research work was not up to the mark and rejected by external supervisors.

29- Parent’s input for improvement of education system at all levels

Parents should be involved at all education levels to maintain the high standards of education and learning.

30- Cost of education

The economic cost is higher in private schools and they are located in rich localities only though they provide better quality of education. Public schools ensure equitable access but low-quality education.

31- Cultural constraints and traditional taboos

Due to cultural constraints and traditional taboos parents prefer early marriages of their girls instead of sending them to schools. Similarly, mothers feel comfortable when girls stay home and help mothers in baby sitting and finishing household chores. In some of the areas only boys are sent to schools considering them as head of the future families and girls are asked to learn some family skills like embroidery, weaving, pottery or for cattle care.

32- Illiteracy of parents and parental concerns

Due to non – availability of Education and lack of awareness poor parents have number of children in the hope that they will become their earning hands and instead of sending them to school their mothers working in different houses as domestic help take them along for the baby sitting of the children of theses houses and demand money for that. They think that investing girls will be of benefit to the in laws or her husband since they will not get any return from it so its better as long as girls are staying in their homes they should earn and bring money for the family.

33- Learning crisis:

The education system is not producing students who are learning from education as per the requirement of the standard in which they are studying. Maybe a student studying in class five does have the knowledge of class two or three only. This Learning Crisis has become the biggest issue of our current education system. It means there is wide gap between school input and school output.

34- Distance:

There are many schools which are far from some of villages and there are no means of transportation and children have to walk on foot to reach schools miles away from their homes which is not possible for girl students to do as parents do not want to send their girls unattended and do not accompany them since they have to work to meet both ends.

Recommendations:

  • Budget allocation should be increased as per international standards of education.
  • Schools should be shifted on solar system to handle the issue of load shedding.
  • Pupil teacher, pupil school and teacher school ratios should be balanced and class strength, teacher’s number and number of classrooms should be in accordance to the international education standards.
  • Boundary walls should be made. Security staff should be hired, CCTV cameras should be installed, student teacher and staff should be issued identity cards.
  • For teacher training and development quality professional institutes with sufficient funds should be set up.
  • Political and bureaucratic influence should be minimized at all educational levels.
  • The system of accountability should be strengthened and all associated in education system are trained to own responsibilities both at individual and collective basis.
  • Curriculum should be revised on annual basis and new strategies and methods should be incorporated to align our education system with other countries.
  • Examination system should be made free of unfair means, Mafia culture and illegal gratification. Supervision and monitoring should be strong to subside this element.
  • Policies should be implemented with delay and in continuity to get their outcomes.
  • The culture of research should be promoted in the educational institutions.
  • There should be Academia industrial linkage programs to make our education practical and our students capable of absorption in the job market.
  • Introduction of technical and vocational trainings at secondary schools.
  • Increasing public expenditure on education and skill generation from 2.7% of GDP to 5% of GDP and then to 7% of GDP.
  • Reduce polarization and try to introduce uniform standards at all types of schools.
  • Enhance the scale and quality of education in general and the scale and quality of scientific/technical education in Pakistan in particular.

Conclusion:

Sense education is developing not only mind but it also cleans and grooms our body and soul. We not only get education for economic reason but to handle social, political, psychological, ethical, legal and spiritual issues of our life. Education turns a raw human into a polished human being which becomes human capital of any nation and key to the development of that country. With education many countries are ruling the world and have become leaders in the comity of nations. The current system has made our younger generation direction directionless and uncertain about their future so they are leaving Pakistan and settling down in developed countries. The lawlessness, fear of loss of life, terrorist attacks, unemployment, inflation, exchange rate fluctuation, overpopulation, poverty, taxes and IMF loans are producing forces of degree holders without any vision, mission, critical thinking, reflection, analysis, research and creativity. Our outdated curriculum is pushing our youth towards stone age instead of directing them towards the fast-changing technology driven world. Traditional teaching is giving theoretical knowledge to students but practical learning is missing.

Finally, education reforms are the only solution to change the existing education system so following recommendations are suggested for the policy makers, thinkers, researchers, educationists and common people. Hope it will add value in the research and development of both student and teachers.

References:

  • http://library.aepam.edu.pk/Books/Pakistan%20Education%20Statistics%202017-18.pdf
  • https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED570671.pdf
  • https://contentgenerate.com/problems-of-education-sector-solutions-pakistan-content-generate/
  • https://www.finance.gov.pk/survey/chapter_22/PES10-EDUCATION.pdf
  • https://ipripak.org/education-system-of-pakistan-issues-problems-and-solutions/
  • https://www.morenews.pk/real-issues-education-system-pakistan/
  • Zaki W. M., “Evaluation of Education Plans and Projects”, Islamabad, National Book Foundation, 1989.
  • Save the Children & UNICEF “Disciplining The Child Practices and Impacts”, NWFP: School & Lietarcy Department, 2005.
  • Rehman H. and Khan N., “The flaws in Pakistan’s Education System”, Abasyn Journal of Social Sciences, vol/issue: 4(1), 2011.
  • Louis D. H., “The crises of Education in Pakistan”, Lahore, Vanguard Book Ltd., 1987.
  • Iqbal M., “Education in Pakistan”, Lahore, Aziz publishers, 1981.
  • Qurashi I. H., “Education in Pakistan”, Karachi, Ma,aref LTD, 1975.
  • Sayan, Fida, and Hussain, “Pakistan existing education system”, 2008. Retrieved from Retrieved from www.eric.articles/pak/edu on dated 2012, July 18.
  • Naseem J. Q., “Problem of Education in Pakistan”, Karachi, Royal Book Company, 1990.
  • Government of Pakistan, Ministry of Education. “National Assessment Findings”, Islamabad, National Education System, 2006.
  • Ahmed, Iqbal.,” Critical Analysis of the Problems of Education in Pakistan: Possible Solutions”, . International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) Vol.3, No.2, June 2014, pp. 79~84 ISSN: 2252-8822.

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Education System in Pakistan

Education System in Pakistan: Issues, Problems and Solutions

Welcome to an exploration of Pakistan’s education system : its challenges, its promises, and the path forward. This article dissects the issues plaguing education, offers solutions, and dives into the diverse landscape of learning in Pakistan.

Join us in uncovering the hurdles, understanding the complexities, and discovering the solutions vital for transforming education in this dynamic nation.”

Issues Impacting Education

Education in Pakistan faces multifaceted challenges, hindering its progress and impeding the fulfillment of crucial global commitments. Understanding these issues is pivotal in devising effective solutions.

Meeting MDGs and Pakistan’s Status:

Pakistan is dedicated to attaining the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) which encompass achieving education. However, despite making progress the country faces challenges in meeting these objectives. Issues, like poverty, gender inequality, and insufficient infrastructure pose barriers, to accessing quality education in regions and marginalized communities. This discrepancy between commitment and reality highlights a critical issue that needs urgent attention.

Challenges with Education for All Commitment:

The Education for All (EFA) commitment remains a formidable challenge. While strides have been made in increasing enrollment, retention rates, teacher quality, and curriculum relevance remain problematic. Disparities in education persist based on gender, socio-economic status, and geographical location, posing significant hurdles to achieving comprehensive education for all.

Vision 2030 and Education Goals:

Vision 2030 outlines ambitious goals for Pakistan’s development, including educational reforms. However, inadequate policy implementation, insufficient budget allocation, and bureaucratic hurdles hamper progress. Bridging the gap between vision and execution is essential for realizing sustainable advancements in the education sector.

These issues collectively illustrate the systemic challenges embedded in Pakistan’s education system. Tackling these hurdles demands a holistic approach, addressing infrastructure gaps, socio-economic disparities, policy execution, and societal mindsets toward education. The subsequent sections will delve into specific problems within various educational tiers and propose actionable solutions to combat these pressing issues.

Identified Problems

The educational landscape in Pakistan is marred by a spectrum of challenges across different tiers, hindering the holistic development of its populace.

Primary, Middle, and Secondary Education Challenges:

Challenges, in education include facilities, a shortage of qualified teachers, and low enrollment rates, particularly in rural areas. Middle and secondary education encounter difficulties such, as dropout rates, outdated curricula, and limited availability of quality learning materials. These challenges perpetuate an environment where foundational knowledge and skills remain deficient among a significant portion of the population.

Vocational and Tertiary Education Issues:

Vocational education encounters a lack of emphasis and recognition, leading to a dearth of skilled labor. Tertiary education confronts challenges related to limited access to quality institutions, outdated teaching methodologies, and a mismatch between curriculum and industry needs. These factors hinder the country’s ability to produce a competitive, skilled workforce equipped for a rapidly evolving job market.

Issues with Secondary/Higher Secondary Education System:

The secondary and higher secondary education system struggles with disparities in quality between public and private institutions. Moreover, the emphasis on rote learning over critical thinking stifles creativity and innovation among students. Standardized testing and assessment methodologies often fail to evaluate holistic learning, focusing primarily on memorization.

The Role of Community Colleges:

Community colleges intended to bridge the gap between secondary education and higher learning, face challenges in recognition, funding, and curriculum relevance. Lack of awareness and support limits their efficacy in offering diverse educational opportunities beyond traditional pathways.

Addressing these problems necessitates a comprehensive overhaul of educational policies, infrastructure development, teacher training, curriculum redesign, and a shift in societal perspectives towards alternative educational pathways. The subsequent section will outline actionable solutions and recommendations aimed at tackling these entrenched issues to foster a more robust and inclusive educational system in Pakistan.

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Solutions and Recommendations

Resolving the intricate issues entrenched within Pakistan’s education system demands a multifaceted approach, combining policy reforms, infrastructure enhancement, and a paradigm shift in educational practices.

Revamping Primary, Middle, and Secondary Education:

  • Infrastructure Improvement:  Investing in infrastructure upgrades in rural areas, ensuring schools have adequate facilities and are accessible to all communities.
  • Teacher Training and Support:  Enhancing teacher training programs, incentivizing qualified educators to work in remote areas, and ensuring ongoing professional development.
  • Curriculum Enhancement:  Updating curricula to be more relevant, inclusive, and aligned with modern pedagogical approaches, focusing on critical thinking and practical skills.

Enhancing Vocational and Tertiary Education:

  • Promoting Vocational Training:  Elevating the status of vocational education, expanding vocational training centers, and forging industry partnerships for practical skill development.
  • Quality Assurance in Tertiary Institutes:  Implementing rigorous quality standards in tertiary institutions, updating course content to meet industry demands, and fostering research and innovation.

Strengthening Community Colleges:

  • Awareness and Promotion:  Raising awareness about the benefits of community colleges, promoting their role in providing alternative educational pathways, and ensuring their accreditation and integration within the broader educational framework.
  • Expanding Curriculum Options:  Diversifying course offerings in community colleges to cater to a wide array of interests and career paths, incorporating practical, job-oriented skills.

Strategies for Improvement in Higher Education:

  • Industry-Academia Collaboration:  Promoting collaborations, between institutions and businesses to synchronize the curriculum with the demands of the job market guaranteeing that graduates acquire the necessary skills.
  • Research and Innovation:  Promoting the development of research infrastructure, cultivating a climate of creativity and ingenuity, and providing incentives for research endeavors to stay on par with progress.

When these solutions are implemented together in a manner they have the potential to bring about a transformation, in the education system of Pakistan. However, it is crucial for the government, educational institutions, civil society, and the private sector to work together diligently and make progress to ensure development in the field of education.

Education Landscape in Pakistan

Education Landscape in Pakistan

Understanding the historical context, current allocations, and various stages of formal education elucidates the intricate tapestry of Pakistan’s educational system.

Historical Context of Education:

  • Early Educational Systems:  Pakistan’s educational journey traces back to ancient civilizations, with an early emphasis on religious education and centers of learning.
  • Colonial Influence:  British rule introduced a formal education system, primarily serving the elite, leading to a disparity in educational access and quality among different societal strata.

Government’s Budgetary Allocation for Education:

  • Budgetary Trends:  Analyzing the government’s allocation for education over the years, highlighting any fluctuations, trends, or inadequacies.
  • Impact of Budgetary Policies:  Understanding the correlation between budgetary allocations, infrastructure development, and educational outcomes.

Different Stages of Formal Education:

  • Primary Education:  Describing the foundational stage of education, its importance, challenges, and enrollment statistics.
  • Secondary Education:  Exploring the transition from primary to secondary education, challenges faced, and the impact on future opportunities.
  • Tertiary Education:  Investigating the landscape of higher education, including universities, colleges, and their contributions to workforce development.
  • Quaternary Education:  Examining specialized higher education, research institutions, and their role in advancing knowledge and innovation.
  • Non-formal and Informal Education:  Recognizing alternative learning pathways, their significance in addressing educational disparities, and their integration within the formal system.
  • Madrassas:  Understanding the role, challenges, and reforms in religious educational institutions.

Analyzing these different facets provides a comprehensive overview of Pakistan’s educational landscape, shedding light on the strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities present within the system. This understanding is crucial for devising targeted interventions and policies aimed at fostering a more inclusive, accessible, and effective education system in the country.

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Focus Areas for Progress

Within Pakistan’s education system, specific sectors and initiatives require focused attention to drive meaningful progress and ensure comprehensive development.

Degree Awarding Institutions/Universities in Pakistan:

  • Quality and Accreditation:  Evaluating the caliber of universities and colleges and the criteria, for accreditation. How they influence brilliance and career prospects.
  • Research and Innovation:  Universities play a role, in driving knowledge and technology showcasing their research output, and fostering innovation hubs.

Technical & Vocational Education and Training (TVET):

  • Aligning with Industry Needs:  Strengthening TVET programs to meet the demands of evolving industries, ensuring graduates possess practical skills and are job-ready.
  • Promoting Vocational Training:  Encouraging the perception shift towards vocational education, emphasizing its importance in national development.

Skill Development and Incubation Centers:

  • Entrepreneurship and Skill Enhancement:  Empowering youth through skill development programs, fostering an entrepreneurial mindset, and establishing incubation centers for startups and innovation.
  • Partnerships and Support:  Collaborating with private enterprises and government initiatives to support skill development and incubation programs.

Government Policies and Initiatives:

  • Policy Analysis:  Evaluating existing educational policies, their efficacy, implementation challenges, and potential areas for improvement.
  • Initiatives for Access:  Highlighting government initiatives aimed at increasing access to education, addressing disparities, and promoting inclusivity.

Market Insights:

  • Aligning Education with Market Demands:  Understanding market trends, skills in demand, and aligning educational curricula to bridge the gap between academia and industry.
  • Employment Opportunities:  Exploring job prospects, identifying sectors with growth potential, and preparing students accordingly.

Focusing on these areas presents opportunities for targeted interventions and strategic investments, fostering a more responsive, inclusive, and dynamic educational ecosystem in Pakistan. Collaboration among stakeholders, innovative approaches, and a commitment to addressing these focal points can pave the way for a brighter future for education in the country.

Conclusion 

Pakistan’s education system stands at a critical juncture, grappling with myriad challenges while holding immense potential for transformation. From issues in access and quality across different educational tiers to the need for policy reforms, infrastructure enhancements, and a paradigm shift in educational practices, the landscape is complex and multifaceted.

However, within these challenges lie opportunities for progress and innovation. By implementing the outlined solutions, focusing on key sectors, and fostering collaborative efforts among stakeholders, Pakistan can pave the way for a more inclusive, accessible, and effective educational system.

It’s a collective responsibility to invest in education, a fundamental cornerstone for societal growth, economic prosperity, and individual empowerment. The journey toward an improved education system requires sustained dedication, visionary leadership, and a commitment to nurturing the potential of every learner, ensuring a brighter future for generations to come.

Inadequate infrastructure, low budget, outdated curricula, and a shortage of qualified teachers.

Girls face barriers; solutions include gender-sensitive curricula, improved infrastructure for girls’ schools, and changing societal attitudes.

Poverty prevents attendance; solutions include need-based scholarships, increased funding in low-income areas, and free or subsidized textbooks.

Insufficient training affects quality; solutions include ongoing teacher training, updated methodologies, and incentives for professional development.

Outdated curricula hinder relevance; solutions include a comprehensive overhaul, modern teaching methods, and collaboration with industry experts.

Limited access hinders tech use; solutions include digital learning initiatives, infrastructure investment, and training for teachers and students.

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Pakistan Education News, Universities admission scholarships, and Results

Essay on Education In Pakistan With Outline

Essay on Education In Pakistan With Outline . Essay on Education In Pakistan With Outline: Inside Pakistan, the system of educational sector is comprised of educational centers that are engaged in the services of offering formal education. The educational sector offers education in almost all public and private, for-profit and nonprofit, and onsite or virtual instruction. If we do define it in broader terms, then it would also be identified to be the system that is engaged in covering up the services of the financing along with the managing and operations too. They do have their own rules and regulations that is giving out guidance with respect to the individual and institutional interactions that are all known to be the main part of the education system. Scroll down and you will be able to learn about the statistics of Pakistan’s educational sector and about the issues rising in Pakistan’s educational system.

For the information of the readers, we would like to mention that the education system of Pakistan is basically comprised of 260,903 institutions. All the institutions are giving out the best educational services to almost 41,018,384 students all along with the helping hand services of 1,535,461 teachers. The system adds up with the coverage of 180,846 public institutions and almost 80,057 private institutions.

Essay on Education In Pakistan With Outline

Main and Important Issues in Pakistan’s Educational System:

It is a common fact that Pakistan is a developing country before it is facing a huge sum of problems in almost all of its sectors and Pakistan’s Educational system is one of the main mentioned sectors. Some of the common issues that are taking place in Pakistan’s educational system:

  • Lack of Proper Planning: Pakistan is facing the issue of not having many of the MDGs and EFA goals. This is the main reason that it is predicted that Pakistan would not be able to meet high standards of international education because of the lack of finances.
  • Social Hurdles: Another one of the main issues that are so far coming across is about the social! Issues that are coming in the way of the social and cultural orientation of the people should be rendered so that much of the educational system of Pakistan can be improved.
  • Gap of Gender: One of the major and most important reasons of them all is the gender gap in which girls are shown backward position. Sometimes poverty and cultural constraints can also be mentioned as one of the main reasons for not bringing any sort of improvement in the educational system of Pakistan.

Moin akhtar

I am committed to helping Pakistani students craft successful career paths by merging their individual passions with market trends. As a career counselor, we'll explore both well-established fields and modern industries to find the best fit for you. With personalized counseling and strategic planning, we aim to transform your educational journey into a thriving professional future.

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