critical thinking and marketing

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Critical thinking for the modern marketer

Five approaches to develop your problem-solving and decision-making skills

As marketers, we’re confronted with different types of questions, data, and challenges regularly. Whether it’s reacting to a negative PR story, reviewing the performance of a digital marketing campaign, or weighing up different creative options, we need to make decisions that could impact our organization in both the short and long-term.  

Although marketers need to develop a strong set of technical skills , there is an equally important need for a rounded set of softer skills. One of the most crucial skills needed for effective decision-making is critical thinking .   

At its core, critical thinking is about making clear, reasoned judgments. Whilst this in itself sounds straightforward, like many things it’s easier said than  done  as we’re all susceptible to a wide range of personal assumptions and cognitive biases. When we read, hear or see something, there’s a risk we’ll form a snap judgment based on what fits our existing world-view and act without questioning further.  

One of the keys to effective decision-making is the ability to take a step back and objectively evaluate all the available options. To do this, we need to have the capability to think critically.  

Recognizing the importance of critical thinking

To develop our critical thinking skills, we need to think of this as a mind-set. By doing so, we bake critical thinking into our daily lives and not something exclusive to business or work. Some useful examples of critical thinking include:  

• A triage nurse will analyze incoming cases to decide the order in which patients should be treated.
• A mechanic will evaluate the different parts best suited to a particular job.  
• A marketing manager will need to analyze and evaluate web analytics and use this information to formulate an optimization plan.  

But what are the different steps and techniques we can use to refine our critical thinking skills? Here are five approaches:  

Challenge assumptions and received wisdom

Every company, group, or team will have their ways of working, some of which will be made up of assumptions and received wisdom. Whilst certain processes and ways of working will be based on empirical evidence, some will include assumptions that have built up over time without ever being questioned.  

When I was new to one of my previous roles as a digital marketing manager, I discovered that the company was measuring its digital sales performance based on last-click attribution. Although last-click measurement has its merits, for this company it didn’t accurately show where sales were being derived. By asking tough but respectful questions, the business reviewed its measurement principles and started to use a combination of methodologies, including incremental measurement .  

Ask the right questions

Building on from the previous approach, asking good, incisive questions will enable marketers to more thoroughly interrogate existing processes and ways of working. However, critical thinking isn’t about challenging everything. On the contrary, marketers with sound critical thinking capabilities will tend to take a questioning approach when the stakes are high.   

Helen Lee Bouygues  in the Harvard Business Review  gives an example:  

“If you are in a discussion about long-term company strategy upon which years of effort and expense will be based, be sure to ask basic questions about your beliefs: How do you know that business will increase? What does the research say about your expectations about the future of the market? Have you taken time to step into the figurative shoes of your customers as a “secret shopper”?”

Get outside your bubble

I’ve written before about  the importance of cognitive diversity within teams  but the same is true for individuals. If you only ever read the same things, listen to the same podcasts and converse with like-minded people, there’s a disproportionately high chance that you will have a narrower worldview that will prevent you from questioning the status quo and spotting new opportunities.  

It can be uncomfortable confronting different opinions or ideas that go against your personal way of thinking. The  political battle lines in the UK and many other countries are a testament to that! But if we only ever operate in our personal bubbles we’ll lack crucial critical thinking skills. Simon  Kuper  in the Financial Times recently  listed the eight habits of people with ‘beautiful minds’ :  

• They treat every situation as a learning opportunity.
• They can clear their mind to see the other person.  
• They often suffer anguished boredom in ordinary social life.  
• They are specialists, yet are always trying to master other fields  
• They gather insights from many different realms.  
• They do the work they want to do, not the work the world seeks to impose on them, even if there’s a cost to their career or income.  
• They have the imagination to come up with ideas, but also the humility and technique to test against data.  
• People with beautiful minds say what they think is true.

Reason through logic

Wherever you work, pay close attention to the ‘chain of logic’ that has been used to construct different arguments for why things are the way they are. Critical thinkers should take a data-centric view and ask themselves: “ is the argument supported at every point by evidence”?  And:  “do all the pieces of evidence build on each other to produce a sound conclusion”?  

Helen Lee Bouygues explains that by being aware of common fallacies will enable us to think more logically. For instance, people often engage in what’s known as  “post hoc” thinking . In this fallacy, people believe that “because event Y followed event X, event Y must have been caused by event X.”  

For instance, a marketing manager may believe that sales of hot soup go up in the winter because of the cold weather, but until this assumption is tested it’s not possible to know if this belief is correct.  

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Engage in active discussion

As  alluded to in the third point above, critical thinkers look beyond their own personal bubbles. But in addition to this, they are also looking for ways to improve their own knowledge and understanding of the world when speaking to people by engaging in active discussion.  

Instead of trying to ‘win’ an encounter with clever jargon, titles, or name-dropping, critical thinkers will look to absorb what anyone is saying, regardless of their status. For example, a senior marketing director can learn as much from a Gen Z intern (trends, interests, technology) as anyone operating at their  own level.  

Critical thinking is a crucial mindset to adopt as a marketer if you’re looking to make a real difference within your organization. The ability to think outside of your own echo chamber, evaluate situations with genuine objectivity, and ask challenging but respectful questions will improve your problem-solving skills and enable you to make good decisions.   

By Gavin Llewellyn

Gavin Llewellyn (LinkedIn) is an independent consultant. He is a Chartered Marketer who specialises in digital marketing, specifically in social media, SEO and online strategy. Gavin blogs at One Too Many Mornings where he offers advice, guidance and ideas on how individuals and companies can use digital marketing effectively to get found online, build engagement and generate conversion. You can Follow Gavin on Twitter .

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Critical Thinking in Marketing: Elevate Your Strategy

To succeed in the ever-changing world of marketing, small business owners and marketers need to possess critical thinking skills that enable them to make informed decisions to drive growth.  

Think of it like a dating…you know, that thing that’s supposed to end in a happily ever after but far too often ends in tears and heartbreak? Yeah, digital marketing is just like that. You need trust, communication, and the ability to make quick decisions that will help your brand survive in this cutthroat world. 

No pressure or anything.

In this blog post, we’ll explore the art of critical thinking in marketing. 

We’ll cover everything from analyzing data to enhancing problem-solving skills and adopting habits to cultivate a critical mindset. By understanding these concepts and putting them into practice, you can avoid costly mistakes and identify existing problems before they become bigger issues. 

… Like our client who’s previous ad manager wasted $25k in ad spend over a single week. But that’s a story for another day.

So, let’s dive in! We’ll explore the five elements of critical thinking and how they play a crucial role in making well-informed marketing decisions. You’ll learn how to hone your analytical abilities through practice and active discussion with your favorite communities.

Get ready to take your marketing game to the next level! Because let’s be real, your current level is about as impressive as a one-hit-wonder’s comeback tour (….MMM’bop anyone?).

With these insights and tips, you’ll be equipped to make informed decisions that drive growth and help your brand stand out from the competition.

Defining Critical Thinking in Marketing

In the wild world of marketing, critical thinking means taking a good hard look at situations and problems to make decisions based on cold hard evidence and logic. 

It’s all about using your experience to spot potential pitfalls and sharpening your problem-solving skills to make better decisions that ultimately lead to more success in your industry.

Because let’s face it, success in marketing won’t come from simply picking the right filter for your Instagram post. It’s about diving deep into the data to uncover insights that will set you apart from the competition. 

So let’s take a closer look at how to analyze data for effective decision-making.

Analyzing Data for Effective Decision-Making

In today’s data-driven world, being able to analyze information effectively is a critical component of successful marketing. As a marketer, you need to be able to comb through multiple sources of data – from customer feedback to market research reports – and turn them into actionable insights that drive growth. 

By harnessing the power of digital analytics and staying up-to-date on industry trends, you can make informed decisions that help your brand stand out from the competition. 

After all, data isn’t just a buzzword – it’s the key to unlocking your marketing potential.

Enhancing Problem-Solving Skills Through Experience

Marketing professionals who possess critical thinking skills can quickly identify underlying issues and develop innovative solutions that drive success. They gain this ability through experience working with diverse clients and navigating different business landscapes. By studying past campaigns’ successes or failures through case studies marketers can refine their approach over time and create effective strategies tailored for each unique situation. Critical thinking is an essential skill that helps marketers stay ahead of the curve and achieve business growth.

Critical thinking in marketing is like a secret weapon – it can help business owners make better decisions, spot hidden opportunities, and avoid costly mistakes. With enough practice, you might even become a marketing superhero. So, let’s dive into the five elements of critical thinking and uncover how to wield this powerful tool for success.

The Five Elements of Critical Thinking

In the world of marketing, honing critical thinking abilities is essential for success. There are five key elements of critical thinking that can be honed through application and experience but need to be expressed effectively in writing to establish authority. 

Asking Good Questions for Better Understanding

One crucial aspect of critical thinking is the ability to ask relevant and thought-provoking questions. This skill helps marketers delve deeper into problems and uncover hidden insights that may otherwise go unnoticed. Asking pertinent queries can assist in gaining a better understanding of your target market’s requirements and inclinations, allowing for the formation of more effective promotional tactics. 

And let’s be honest, who doesn’t love answering a bunch of questions? Especially when they’re relevant and thought-provoking. 

It’s like a game of 20 questions, but instead of guessing if your friend is thinking of a banana, you’re figuring out how to market said banana. So go ahead, ask away and see what hidden insights you can uncover. Your target audience will thank you for it.

Actively Listening for Enhanced Communication with Clients

Ah, yes, Active listening , the often-overlooked skill in a world where everyone is too busy talking. 

But in all seriousness, active listening is a crucial component of critical thinking in marketing. By paying attention to both verbal and non-verbal cues, you can build trust and establish open lines of communication with clients and stakeholders. 

This not only leads to better collaboration but also allows for valuable feedback from your clients and team throughout various stages of a campaign.

So, put down your phone, turn off your email notifications, and let your clients do the talking. With active listening, you can hear what they’re saying, what they’re not saying, and what they really mean. Trust us, your marketing campaigns will thank you for it.

Clearly Defining Goals for Focused Strategies

A clear understanding of objectives is crucial for any business to succeed.

I mean, even Deadpool knows what he wants, and he’s not exactly the poster boy for strategic planning. But seriously, having a clear plan of action tailored towards achieving your desired results is essential in the world of marketing. Whether you’re trying to increase brand awareness or generate leads and conversions, having a focused plan will help you get there faster than Deadpool can regenerate his limbs.

To ensure clarity, goals should be SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound). Because let’s be real, setting vague goals is for those who want to leave success to chance.

In marketing, clear and specific objectives are crucial to creating focused strategies and achieving desired outcomes.

Considering Multiple Perspectives When Making Decisions

Decision-making in marketing involves a delightful mix of diverse opinions, varying objectives, and multiple stakeholders. 

But fear not, critical thinkers thrive in this environment by carefully considering every perspective and weighing the pros and cons of each before making a final decision. And not only does this approach lead to better outcomes, but it also encourages teamwork and collaboration, ensuring that everyone feels heard and valued.

Evaluating Outcomes Objectively

Last but not least, critical thinking requires marketers to evaluate the success or failure of campaigns objectively using data-driven insights rather than relying solely on personal biases and assumptions. 

By analyzing marketing analytics data, you can identify which strategies and tactics worked well and those that didn’t perform as expected, allowing you to make informed adjustments for future efforts to improve ROI and ultimately drive growth for your business. Because let’s face it, gut feelings aren’t always reliable.

Overall, the five elements of critical thinking provide a comprehensive framework for making informed decisions in marketing. By recognizing and understanding the importance of critical thinking in marketing, businesses can better identify existing problems and reduce costly mistakes with effective analysis.

And who doesn’t want to save some money?

Critical thinking – the not-so-secret weapon of successful marketers. Asking thought-provoking questions, listening actively, and considering multiple perspectives are all part of the grand plan to become a marketing genius. And let’s not forget defining goals clearly and evaluating outcomes objectively with data-driven insights. It’s like a recipe for success – just add a pinch of critical thinking and voila! You’ll be uncovering hidden insights left and right and developing marketing strategies that will blow your competition out of the water.

Importance of Critical Thinking in Marketing

Critical thinking is a vital component of marketing that can lead to better decision-making, reduced errors, and improved overall performance.

Here are some key reasons why critical thinking is so important in marketing:

Reducing Costly Mistakes with Effective Analysis

By thoroughly analyzing data and considering multiple perspectives before making decisions, marketers can avoid costly mistakes. Critical thinking enables marketers to identify potential pitfalls in advertising campaigns, messaging, and target audience selection. Such errors could have severe financial implications, making critical thinking an essential tool for minimizing risks. 

Remember that client who basically burned $25k? 

We don’t want that to happen to you – ok?

Identifying Existing Problems Swiftly

Critical thinking allows marketers to identify existing problems in their organization or industry quickly. This skill helps them proactively address potential issues and implement solutions efficiently.

 A McKinsey report highlights how quick problem identification leads to faster decision-making processes – which ultimately translates into better results for businesses.

• Fostering collaboration:  A culture that encourages open communication and teamwork helps develop a shared understanding of the challenges faced by the organization. Creative problem-solving approaches often arise when team members come together to share ideas, perspectives, and insights. Critical thinking is essential in fostering collaboration as it allows team members to identify potential areas of conflict or disagreement and work towards a mutually beneficial solution.
• Promoting continuous learning: Marketing is an ever-evolving field that requires constant learning and adaptation. Providing opportunities for employees to develop their critical thinking skills through training, workshops, or other learning initiatives can help them stay ahead of industry trends and make better-informed decisions. By promoting continuous learning, organizations can remain competitive and adapt to changing market conditions.
• Creating a culture of accountability: Holding team members accountable for their actions encourages them to think critically about the consequences of their decisions. This approach fosters an environment where mistakes are seen as opportunities for growth rather than failures. Critical thinking is essential in creating a culture of accountability, as it enables team members to assess the potential risks and benefits of their decisions more effectively.

Incorporating these practices into your organization’s daily operations will not only improve overall performance but also create a more innovative and agile workforce capable of adapting to changing market conditions. Small business owners can achieve greater success in the current competitive climate by emphasizing the value of analytical thought within their marketing strategies.

Critical thinking is essential in marketing as it allows business owners to make informed decisions and reduce costly mistakes. Developing critical thinking skills through application and experience can help marketers hone their analytical abilities, broaden perspectives, and ultimately increase success.

So, remember, critical thinking isn’t just for rocket scientists and philosophers. It’s also for marketers who want to avoid crashing and burning their campaigns.

If you want to avoid costly blunders in marketing, critical thinking is a must-have skill. By fostering a culture of collaboration, continuous learning, and accountability, entrepreneurs can encourage their team (and clients) to think critically and identify problems with lightning speed. With a creative and adaptive skills at your disposal, you’ll be ready to tackle any market condition that comes your way – as long as it’s not a zombie apocalypse.

Developing Critical Thinking Skills Through Application & Experience

Small business owners and marketers must actively engage in activities that challenge their analytical abilities to develop critical thinking skills. 

Think of it as a mental gym for your brain. 

Engaging in activities that test your analytical aptitude can help you to sharpen your problem-solving abilities and make more informed choices for marketing tactics.

Practicing Analytical Abilities Through Smaller Challenges

To begin honing your critical thinking skills, start with small tasks that require analysis and decision-making. This could include analyzing customer feedback data or evaluating the effectiveness of a recent social media campaign. 

As you work through these smaller challenges, take note of any patterns or trends that emerge – this will help build your intuition as a marketer. 

Remember, critical thinking is a process that requires continuous effort and practice. So don’t be discouraged if you don’t get it right the first time. With persistence and dedication, you’ll be well on your way to becoming a critical thinking ninja.

• Analyze customer feedback:  Review comments left by customers on social media platforms or online review sites to identify areas where improvements can be made. Who knew angry rants on Twitter could be so helpful?
• Evaluate marketing campaigns: Assess the performance of past marketing efforts using metrics such as conversion rates, click-through rates (CTR), and return on investment (ROI) to determine what worked well and what needs improvement. It’s like a game of marketing detective – just without the trench coat and magnifying glass.

Engaging in Active Discussions for Broader Perspective

Engaging in active discussions with colleagues or industry peers is another effective way to develop critical thinking skills. These conversations allow you to explore different perspectives within the field while also broadening your knowledge base about various aspects of marketing strategy.

• Join local meetups:  Attend events organized by professional groups focused on digital marketing topics like SEO optimization techniques or content creation best practices. You might even make some new marketing friends – who will be just as nerdy about marketing as you are. Yeah, we totally called you nerdy – it’s a compliment.
• Participate in LinkedIn groups: Connect with other marketing professionals by joining relevant LinkedIn groups and engaging in discussions about industry trends, challenges, and solutions. You might even come across a new strategy to test with a client.
• Attend conferences or workshops: Participate in industry events to learn from experts and gain insights into the latest marketing strategies being employed by successful businesses. Plus, you’ll finally get to use that travel line item on your tax returns.

As a savvy small business owner or marketer, you know that the key to success is staying ahead of the game. By actively seeking opportunities to develop your intellectual abilities through utilization and practice, you’ll equip yourself with the knowledge necessary to make informed decisions and create successful marketing strategies.

The application and experience of critical thinking skills is crucial for small business owners to make smarter decisions that lead to winning marketing campaigns. By exploring real-life examples of critical thinking in marketing, you’ll further develop your analytical abilities and create even more effective campaigns that leave your competition in the dust.

If you want to be a critical thinker in marketing, you could start by analyzing customer feedback data or evaluating past social media campaigns. And for those who want to take it to the next level, engaging in discussions with peers and attending industry events could also help broaden your horizons and push limits.

And who knows, with enough practice, you might even become the Chuck Norris of marketing decision-making.

Examples of Critical Thinking in Marketing Decisions

In the world of marketing, critical thinking plays a significant role in making informed decisions that can positively impact your business. Let’s explore some examples where applying critical thinking skills has led to better marketing outcomes.

Evaluating the Credibility of Sources

When it comes to choosing the theories that will shape your marketing strategies, it’s critical to be discerning about what you accept as fact. 

Don’t just take an article’s claims at face value – dig deeper to evaluate the author’s credentials and knowledge of the field. Do they have relevant experience or expertise? Are their claims supported by other reputable sources? 

Only by doing your due diligence can you confidently make informed decisions about which theories to apply to your marketing efforts.

Utilizing Behavioral Science-Backed Insights for Targeted Campaigns

If you want to actually create effective branding campaigns that speak to specific demographics, stop guessing and start using insights based on real science. You know, that thing that’s been around for centuries and involves things like data and testing. Shocking, right?

• Analyze data like it’s your job: Use tools like Google Analytics to track user behavior on your website and identify patterns indicating what works well with different customer segments. Don’t rely on your gut feeling or your cousin’s opinion, unless they happen to be a qualified data analyst.
• Run A/B tests like you’re a mad scientist: Test multiple variations of your marketing materials (e.g., email subject lines, landing pages) to determine which ones resonate best with your target audience. Because nothing says “effective marketing” like blindly sending the same message to everyone.
• Ask for customer feedback like you’re not afraid of criticism: Actively seek input from customers through surveys or social media interactions to gain insights into their preferences and pain points. And don’t worry, your fragile ego will survive a few negative comments.

Let’s face it, in the world of marketing, everyone thinks they have the answers. But relying on just any old source for decision-making can lead to disaster. Instead, marketers need to constantly assess the credibility of sources and use data-driven intelligence to make informed choices that lead to success.

Analytical reasoning isn’t just a buzzword – it’s crucial to making smart marketing decisions. By forming habits that stimulate critical thinking and avoiding information overload, businesses can better equip themselves with the skills needed for effective campaigns. So let’s embrace everyday learning opportunities and practice due diligence, because in the world of marketing, ignorance is definitely not bliss.

Thinking analytically is not just for math geeks and data scientists. In marketing, it can mean the difference between a successful campaign and a cringe-worthy flop. But don’t worry, you don’t need a Ph.D. in statistics to make informed decisions. By evaluating the credibility of sources and tapping into behavioral science-backed insights, marketers can create targeted campaigns that resonate with their audience. And if that fails, there’s always A/B testing and begging for customer feedback.

Adopting Habits to Foster Critical Thinking

Let’s face it: we live in an age of information overload. But amidst all the noise, there’s one skill that can help small business owners and marketers rise above the fray: critical thinking. 

By cultivating a mindset that values learning and questioning the status quo, we can make more informed decisions and craft marketing plans that truly resonate with our audience. 

So don’t be afraid to challenge assumptions, dig deeper into data, and stay curious – the rewards of a more thoughtful approach to marketing are well worth the effort.

Embracing Learning Opportunities from Everyday Situations

The secret to improving your critical thinking skills? Treat every situation like it’s a learning opportunity – as Simon Kuper suggested. Be receptive, inquire, ponder encounters, and look for criticism from others.

Yep, even that embarrassing moment when you spilled your coffee all over yourself. Embrace the awkwardness, ask questions, and be receptive to feedback. Here are some tips to get you started:

• Challenge Everything: Don’t be afraid to challenge assumptions and seek clarification. Your curiosity could lead to some brilliant ideas.
• Reflect and Learn: Analyze past successes and failures to identify patterns that could inform future decisions. Trust us, analyzing your mistakes is just as important as celebrating your wins.
• Feedback is Key: Seek input from colleagues and clients about how well certain marketing tactics worked or areas where improvements can be made. Don’t be a one-hit-wonder! Looking at you, Hansen Brothers.

Practicing Due Diligence in an Era of Information Overload

Information overload can make it tough to tell the truth from the trash online. 

That’s why practicing due diligence when consuming online content is essential for forming informed opinions. And that, dear reader, is how you become a marketing mastermind. (are you catching the Bridgerton vibes?!)

Here are some tips for practicing due diligence:

• Verify sources: Don’t believe everything you read, even if it’s written by your bestie. Check the credibility of authors and publications before relying on their information. Look for industry experts, reputable organizations, or peer-reviewed studies as reliable sources.
• Cross-reference data: Make sure the data lines up. Compare information from multiple sources to ensure consistency and accuracy.
• Evaluate relevance: Make sure the info you’re getting is fresh and relevant to your specific marketing goals or target audience. It’s like milk – you don’t want it to be past its expiration date.
• Avoid confirmation bias: We all have biases, but don’t let them blind you. Be aware of your own biases when evaluating information, and actively seek out opposing viewpoints to gain a more balanced understanding of any given topic.

If you want to be the Belle of the marketing ball, make these habits part of your daily routine. Embrace learning opportunities in everyday situations, and practice due diligence amidst the sea of online content. 

With these skills in your arsenal, you’ll make better-informed decisions and see improved results in your respective industries. So, let’s get critical and start thinking!

To truly excel in the competitive world of marketing, small business owners and marketers must make a habit of thinking critically. This means asking tough questions, analyzing feedback, and seeking out new perspectives. Of course, with so much information at our fingertips these days, it can be challenging to sort through the noise and verify the accuracy of sources. But hey, at least practicing due diligence gives us an excuse to spend more time on Google.

Frequently Asked Questions about Critical Thinking in Marketing

Let’s face it, marketing is all about staying ahead of the game. And to do that, you need to be able to analyze market trends, consumer behavior, and keep an eye on your competitors – all while juggling a million other tasks. By applying critical thinking skills, marketers can identify their target audience, create unique solutions to problems, and evaluate the effectiveness of their strategies.

When it comes to critical thinking, there are five concepts to keep in mind: clarity, accuracy, precision, relevance, and depth. Basically, you need to be crystal clear on what you’re trying to achieve, fact-check like a pro, get specific, focus on what’s important, and dive deep into the nitty-gritty. By mastering these concepts, you’ll be able to make quicker decisions and develop razor-sharp thinking skills.

In marketing, critical thinking is like a three-legged stool: it requires three key elements to stand on its own. First, you need to identify any hidden assumptions or biases lurking beneath the surface. Second, you need to evaluate the evidence and determine what’s reliable and what’s not. And finally, you need to synthesize all of the information and put together a coherent solution. It’s like solving a puzzle, but instead of a picture of a cute puppy, you get more sales and happy clients.

Design and critical thinking go together like peanut butter and jelly, except instead of being delicious, they lead to innovative, user-centered products. Designers create products that are both visually pleasing and functional, while critical thinkers analyze customer feedback, industry trends, and competition data to inform product improvements. By combining these approaches, businesses can create products that not only meet customer needs but also exceed their expectations.

Congratulations, you’ve made it to the end! If you’re still reading, then it’s safe to assume that you’re serious about improving your critical thinking skills. And why not? After all, who doesn’t want to be a marketing genius? By mastering the art of critical thinking, you’ll be able to analyze market trends like nobody’s business, identify your target audience’s needs faster than you can say “conversion rate,” and come up with solutions that are so innovative, your competitors will be left scratching their heads.

But let’s not kid ourselves – improving your critical thinking skills isn’t a walk in the park. It takes time and effort. You might even have to sacrifice some of your precious Netflix binge-watching time (gasp!). But trust us, it’ll be worth it. When you’re able to make better-informed decisions in your marketing efforts, you’ll feel like a superhero – minus the spandex suit (unless that’s your thing). So, keep practicing, keep analyzing, and keep honing your critical thinking skills. You got this!

If you’re looking for more resources on how to use data-driven insights in your marketing strategy or need help with implementing these concepts into practice, check out our mega-mind community – Rebellion .

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Published: September 16, 2021

If you've ever tried to solve a Rubix Cube, you've put your analytical skills to the test. Making the colors match up requires problem-solving, logical reasoning, and pattern recognition.

While the majority of marketers will never make it to the next speedcubing competition, the skills you learn with puzzles like this are essential to a successful marketing career.

In today's workforce, nearly one in four workers have a job in which analytical skills are considered the most important factor. Companies want to hire for these skills because it shows a candidate's ability to think logically and use data to inform decision-making. In fact, Indeed found the most in-demand skills for employers — and several analytical skills top the list.

That's why it's important to know how analytical skills apply to your career and what you can do to develop these skills over time.

What are analytical skills?

Analytical skills refer to the ability to collect information, analyze it, and draw conclusions in order to solve problems and make effective decisions. Often divided into categories like critical thinking, data analysis, and research, these skills make it possible to recognize patterns and creatively solve complex problems.

As a marketer, being able to understand problems and provide solutions is essential to a long, successful career. It means you can take a critical lens to the details of a problem to fully understand it. This helps you notice trends, understand the steps needed to take action, and offer novel solutions. But that doesn't mean you have to throw creativity out the door. Using analytical skills to problem solve can look like a structured, methodical approach or a more creative one.

We'll explore the various types of analytical skills later on, but first, let's look at how analytical skills differ from critical thinking skills.

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Analytical Skills vs. Critical Thinking

A person who uses logic to find patterns, brainstorm, analyze data, and make decisions based on that information has analytical skills. One of the skills required to do that is critical thinking.

In other words, critical thinking is just one of many skills you need to be an analytical thinker.

You probably use critical thinking more often than you imagine, like when you:

• Question whether a piece of information is a fact or an opinion.
• Break problems down to understand the reasoning behind them.
• Draw conclusions from data, rather than a gut feeling.
• Make intentional, rational, and goal-oriented decisions.

Marketers who have strong critical thinking skills make reasonable, logical judgments and think through every decision. They provide facts and logical arguments to back their choices, which leads to smart decisions and improves company success.

While each role has its own analytical skill requirements, there are several that will benefit any marketer throughout their career.

Example of Analytical Skills

If you're looking for a marketing role that leans towards analytics, such as a market research analyst position, it's best to develop analytical skills specific to that position and your desired industry. Analytical skills are soft skills, so you'll also want to develop hard role-specific technical skills .

For an analyst, that means mastering technical skills like Google Analytics and statistical software, while also having analytical skills such as creating data collection methods and presenting findings to senior leadership.

But across the board, all marketers can benefit from developing these in-demand analytical skills.

1. Critical Thinking

Any position across all levels of a company can benefit from critical thinking skills. It's the ability to question an idea or examine why a problem exists. This can lead you to tackle issues others thought impossible and understand whether resolving a problem is worth the time, money, and effort. Critical thinking can take many forms in marketing, such as:

• Decision-making
• Content and brand auditing
• Prioritization
• Troubleshooting
• Case analysis
• Correlation
• Data interpretation
• Market research analysis

2. Data Analysis

Neil Hoyne, Chief Measurement Strategist at Google, once said, "The companies that are going to win are the ones who are using data, not guessing."

Interpreting data is more than collecting and reading information — it's making sense of what's before you by connecting patterns and recognizing trends. Strong data analysis skills allow you to pull insights from a large volume of data, which you can share with key decision-makers. This skill can show up in marketing role requirements in a few common ways.

• ROI analysis
• SWOT analysis
• Data visualization
• Pattern recognition
• Process analysis
• Industry and market research
• Presentation skills
• Measuring customer satisfaction
• Marketing analytics
• Customer segmentation strategies
• Predictive analysis

3. Creative Thinking

I once had a manager who was known for saying, "The first answer isn't the answer." She knew the role creativity played in problem-solving and pushed our team to view a possible solution from all angles. Marketers with this analytical skill work to find out-of-the-box solutions and patterns that others brush past. And if you need any more convincing, 'creativity' ranks on Indeed’s top 20 list of most in-demand skills for today's workforce. At work, creative skills involve:

• Brainstorming
• Collaboration
• Adaptability
• Search engine optimization (SEO)
• Strategic planning
• Organizational restructuring
• Predictive modeling
• Campaign development

4. Communication

Employers consistently rank communication as a must-have skill — and for good reason. Being able to explain your idea for a project or give feedback is essential as a marketing professional.

Communicating clearly helps you keep everyone on the same page when rolling out a campaign or diffuse a problem with a deadline when it (inevitably) arises. Strong communication skills needed in marketing include:

• Written and verbal communication
• Body language
• Interpersonal skills
• Active listening
• Conducting presentations
• Confidence and clarity of expression
• Sharing feedback
• Responsiveness
• Delegating responsibilities
• Respect and empathy

5. Problem-solving

Deciding how to respond to a harsh customer comment on social media. Distributing an advertising budget. Prioritizing which roles to hire for as a growing team.

All of these situations require analytical problem-solving skills, and all will pop up through a marketing career. Here are the problem-solving skills every marketer can benefit from developing:

• Data collection
• Checking for accuracy
• Risk-taking
• Attention to detail
• Dependability
• Team-building
• Logic and reasoning
• Organization
• Crisis management

6. Collaboration

Good collaboration skills can improve your working relationships, help you accomplish tasks on time, and reach your short- and long-term goals.

And nearly every marketing team has to collaborate with sales, product, business development, and creative teams to get anything done, knowing how to create synergy with your colleagues will make work smoother and more enjoyable.

The most common collaboration skills for marketers today are:

• Time management
• Negotiation
• Giving and receiving feedback
• Emotional intelligence
• Open-mindedness
• Process improvement
• Adapting to change

How to Improve Analytical Skills

Developing analytical skills takes time and effort. Unlike technical skills that have a structured approach to follow, analytical skills are more difficult to define and develop. There's a process to learn how to use Google Analytics for SEO, but the steps to become an effective communicator are more fuzzy and undefined.

Fortunately, analytical skills can be honed. Here how you can go about boosting your skills and contributing to your company's productivity and success.

Take courses, certifications, or on the job training.

Infinite resources exist both in-person and online that can help you improve your analytical skills. Universities and online companies like Coursera offer online schooling, HubSpot Academy offers free certification courses, and many companies provide stipends for continuing education.

Start by identifying which skills you want to improve and do research to find the resources that are right for your skill set and budget.

Find a mentor.

You likely know someone who is an excellent negotiator or always crafts the perfect email. Noticing how these people approach a situation and problem solve can help you hone your skills. Take notes, save examples, and apply their process to your work.

To take it a step further, ask them to chat over coffee or a phone call to discuss how they developed their skill. They can likely point you in the right direction or provide guidance on what you need to do to excel at the skill.

Try practice problems.

Role-playing is incredibly effective when working to improve analytical skills. Instead of simply reading a case study about an innovative digital media campaign, find a tool to help you develop your brainstorming skills.

Depending on the skill, you can find a practice book or an online resource to walk you through various mental models and scenarios. Work on an idea, and then present it to a trusted colleague or mentor to get feedback.

Play games to improve your analytical skills.

Spending hours on your phone playing Sudoku has more benefits than the personal satisfaction of beating your top score. Games that test your mental agility and memorization can improve your ability to think logically and challenge norms. While game trends are constantly changing, there are several classics that have withstood the test of time.

• Jigsaw puzzles
• Board games (i.e. Scrabble, Settlers of Catan, Splendor, Pictionary, and Bananagrams)
• Computer or mobile games (i.e. Lumosity, Elevate, and Peak)
• Crossword puzzles

Analytical Skills for Your Resume

Once you gain or improve your analytical skills, make sure to update your resume to reflect those strengths. Your resume should include a list of 10 to 20 skills, with a mix of both hard and soft skills. Note at least five to 10 analytical skills so potential employers know you have the knowledge to get your job done.

When choosing which skills to highlight, look to the job requirements section. A role may involve managing the company's social media accounts, but this typically includes collaborating with multiple teams to get the content and analytics you need to do that successfully. Showcasing a blend of technical and analytical skills is what makes you a competitive candidate.

As your career develops, you'll likely need to keep your analytical skills sharp. Be proactive by practicing and paying attention to people who have the skills you want to acquire, and you'll be on your way to solving complex problems with ease.

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How to develop critical thinking skills

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What are critical thinking skills?

How to develop critical thinking skills: 12 tips, how to practice critical thinking skills at work, become your own best critic.

A client requests a tight deadline on an intense project. Your childcare provider calls in sick on a day full of meetings. Payment from a contract gig is a month behind. 

Your day-to-day will always have challenges, big and small. And no matter the size and urgency, they all ask you to use critical thinking to analyze the situation and arrive at the right solution. 

Critical thinking includes a wide set of soft skills that encourage continuous learning, resilience , and self-reflection. The more you add to your professional toolbelt, the more equipped you’ll be to tackle whatever challenge presents itself. Here’s how to develop critical thinking, with examples explaining how to use it.

Critical thinking skills are the skills you use to analyze information, imagine scenarios holistically, and create rational solutions. It’s a type of emotional intelligence that stimulates effective problem-solving and decision-making . 

When you fine-tune your critical thinking skills, you seek beyond face-value observations and knee-jerk reactions. Instead, you harvest deeper insights and string together ideas and concepts in logical, sometimes out-of-the-box , ways. 

Imagine a team working on a marketing strategy for a new set of services. That team might use critical thinking to balance goals and key performance indicators , like new customer acquisition costs, average monthly sales, and net profit margins. They understand the connections between overlapping factors to build a strategy that stays within budget and attracts new sales. 

Looking for ways to improve critical thinking skills? Start by brushing up on the following soft skills that fall under this umbrella: 

• Analytical thinking: Approaching problems with an analytical eye includes breaking down complex issues into small chunks and examining their significance. An example could be organizing customer feedback to identify trends and improve your product offerings. 
• Open-mindedness: Push past cognitive biases and be receptive to different points of view and constructive feedback . Managers and team members who keep an open mind position themselves to hear new ideas that foster innovation . 
• Creative thinking: With creative thinking , you can develop several ideas to address a single problem, like brainstorming more efficient workflow best practices to boost productivity and employee morale . 
• Self-reflection: Self-reflection lets you examine your thinking and assumptions to stimulate healthier collaboration and thought processes. Maybe a bad first impression created a negative anchoring bias with a new coworker. Reflecting on your own behavior stirs up empathy and improves the relationship. 
• Evaluation: With evaluation skills, you tackle the pros and cons of a situation based on logic rather than emotion. When prioritizing tasks , you might be tempted to do the fun or easy ones first, but evaluating their urgency and importance can help you make better decisions. 

There’s no magic method to change your thinking processes. Improvement happens with small, intentional changes to your everyday habits until a more critical approach to thinking is automatic. 

Here are 12 tips for building stronger self-awareness and learning how to improve critical thinking: 

1. Be cautious

There’s nothing wrong with a little bit of skepticism. One of the core principles of critical thinking is asking questions and dissecting the available information. You might surprise yourself at what you find when you stop to think before taking action. 

Before making a decision, use evidence, logic, and deductive reasoning to support your own opinions or challenge ideas. It helps you and your team avoid falling prey to bad information or resistance to change .

2. Ask open-ended questions

“Yes” or “no” questions invite agreement rather than reflection. Instead, ask open-ended questions that force you to engage in analysis and rumination. Digging deeper can help you identify potential biases, uncover assumptions, and arrive at new hypotheses and possible solutions. 

3. Do your research

No matter your proficiency, you can always learn more. Turning to different points of view and information is a great way to develop a comprehensive understanding of a topic and make informed decisions. You’ll prioritize reliable information rather than fall into emotional or automatic decision-making. 

4. Consider several opinions

You might spend so much time on your work that it’s easy to get stuck in your own perspective, especially if you work independently on a remote team . Make an effort to reach out to colleagues to hear different ideas and thought patterns. Their input might surprise you.

If or when you disagree, remember that you and your team share a common goal. Divergent opinions are constructive, so shift the focus to finding solutions rather than defending disagreements. 

5. Learn to be quiet

Active listening is the intentional practice of concentrating on a conversation partner instead of your own thoughts. It’s about paying attention to detail and letting people know you value their opinions, which can open your mind to new perspectives and thought processes.

If you’re brainstorming with your team or having a 1:1 with a coworker , listen, ask clarifying questions, and work to understand other peoples’ viewpoints. Listening to your team will help you find fallacies in arguments to improve possible solutions.

6. Schedule reflection

Whether waking up at 5 am or using a procrastination hack, scheduling time to think puts you in a growth mindset . Your mind has natural cognitive biases to help you simplify decision-making, but squashing them is key to thinking critically and finding new solutions besides the ones you might gravitate toward. Creating time and calm space in your day gives you the chance to step back and visualize the biases that impact your decision-making. 

7. Cultivate curiosity

With so many demands and job responsibilities, it’s easy to seek solace in routine. But getting out of your comfort zone helps spark critical thinking and find more solutions than you usually might.

If curiosity doesn’t come naturally to you, cultivate a thirst for knowledge by reskilling and upskilling . Not only will you add a new skill to your resume , but expanding the limits of your professional knowledge might motivate you to ask more questions. 

You don’t have to develop critical thinking skills exclusively in the office. Whether on your break or finding a hobby to do after work, playing strategic games or filling out crosswords can prime your brain for problem-solving. 

9. Write it down

Recording your thoughts with pen and paper can lead to stronger brain activity than typing them out on a keyboard. If you’re stuck and want to think more critically about a problem, writing your ideas can help you process information more deeply.

The act of recording ideas on paper can also improve your memory . Ideas are more likely to linger in the background of your mind, leading to deeper thinking that informs your decision-making process. 

10. Speak up

Take opportunities to share your opinion, even if it intimidates you. Whether at a networking event with new people or a meeting with close colleagues, try to engage with people who challenge or help you develop your ideas. Having conversations that force you to support your position encourages you to refine your argument and think critically. 

11. Stay humble

Ideas and concepts aren’t the same as real-life actions. There may be such a thing as negative outcomes, but there’s no such thing as a bad idea. At the brainstorming stage , don’t be afraid to make mistakes.

Sometimes the best solutions come from off-the-wall, unorthodox decisions. Sit in your creativity , let ideas flow, and don’t be afraid to share them with your colleagues. Putting yourself in a creative mindset helps you see situations from new perspectives and arrive at innovative conclusions. 

12. Embrace discomfort

Get comfortable feeling uncomfortable . It isn’t easy when others challenge your ideas, but sometimes, it’s the only way to see new perspectives and think critically.

By willingly stepping into unfamiliar territory, you foster the resilience and flexibility you need to become a better thinker. You’ll learn how to pick yourself up from failure and approach problems from fresh angles. 

Thinking critically is easier said than done. To help you understand its impact (and how to use it), here are two scenarios that require critical thinking skills and provide teachable moments. 

Scenario #1: Unexpected delays and budget

Imagine your team is working on producing an event. Unexpectedly, a vendor explains they’ll be a week behind on delivering materials. Then another vendor sends a quote that’s more than you can afford. Unless you develop a creative solution, the team will have to push back deadlines and go over budget, potentially costing the client’s trust. 

Here’s how you could approach the situation with creative thinking:

• Analyze the situation holistically: Determine how the delayed materials and over-budget quote will impact the rest of your timeline and financial resources . That way, you can identify whether you need to build an entirely new plan with new vendors, or if it’s worth it to readjust time and resources. 
• Identify your alternative options: With careful assessment, your team decides that another vendor can’t provide the same materials in a quicker time frame. You’ll need to rearrange assignment schedules to complete everything on time. 
• Collaborate and adapt: Your team has an emergency meeting to rearrange your project schedule. You write down each deliverable and determine which ones you can and can’t complete by the deadline. To compensate for lost time, you rearrange your task schedule to complete everything that doesn’t need the delayed materials first, then advance as far as you can on the tasks that do. 
• Check different resources: In the meantime, you scour through your contact sheet to find alternative vendors that fit your budget. Accounting helps by providing old invoices to determine which vendors have quoted less for previous jobs. After pulling all your sources, you find a vendor that fits your budget. 
• Maintain open communication: You create a special Slack channel to keep everyone up to date on changes, challenges, and additional delays. Keeping an open line encourages transparency on the team’s progress and boosts everyone’s confidence. 

Scenario #2: Differing opinions 

A conflict arises between two team members on the best approach for a new strategy for a gaming app. One believes that small tweaks to the current content are necessary to maintain user engagement and stay within budget. The other believes a bold revamp is needed to encourage new followers and stronger sales revenue. 

Here’s how critical thinking could help this conflict:

• Listen actively: Give both team members the opportunity to present their ideas free of interruption. Encourage the entire team to ask open-ended questions to more fully understand and develop each argument. 
• Flex your analytical skills: After learning more about both ideas, everyone should objectively assess the benefits and drawbacks of each approach. Analyze each idea's risk, merits, and feasibility based on available data and the app’s goals and objectives. 
• Identify common ground: The team discusses similarities between each approach and brainstorms ways to integrate both idea s, like making small but eye-catching modifications to existing content or using the same visual design in new media formats. 
• Test new strategy: To test out the potential of a bolder strategy, the team decides to A/B test both approaches. You create a set of criteria to evenly distribute users by different demographics to analyze engagement, revenue, and customer turnover. 
• Monitor and adapt: After implementing the A/B test, the team closely monitors the results of each strategy. You regroup and optimize the changes that provide stronger results after the testing. That way, all team members understand why you’re making the changes you decide to make.

You can’t think your problems away. But you can equip yourself with skills that help you move through your biggest challenges and find innovative solutions. Learning how to develop critical thinking is the start of honing an adaptable growth mindset. 

Now that you have resources to increase critical thinking skills in your professional development, you can identify whether you embrace change or routine, are open or resistant to feedback, or turn to research or emotion will build self-awareness. From there, tweak and incorporate techniques to be a critical thinker when life presents you with a problem.

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Elizabeth Perry, ACC

Elizabeth Perry is a Coach Community Manager at BetterUp. She uses strategic engagement strategies to cultivate a learning community across a global network of Coaches through in-person and virtual experiences, technology-enabled platforms, and strategic coaching industry partnerships. With over 3 years of coaching experience and a certification in transformative leadership and life coaching from Sofia University, Elizabeth leverages transpersonal psychology expertise to help coaches and clients gain awareness of their behavioral and thought patterns, discover their purpose and passions, and elevate their potential. She is a lifelong student of psychology, personal growth, and human potential as well as an ICF-certified ACC transpersonal life and leadership Coach.

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Rethinking Marketing

• First Online: 19 July 2022

Cite this chapter

• Rajagopal 2  

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Rethinking marketing approaches is the need of the hour. Capturing customer value, expectation, and co-creation options from collective information leads business model sophistication to explore in refining the pool of resources toward contributing to the business performance. This chapter discusses the shifts in marketing practices due to behavioral swings, availability and utilization of resources, upstream evolution of social and customer values, technology, innovation, and transformation in business practices. These attributes are discussed as market-evolution grid in the chapter. Marketing managers are routinely challenged to rationalize their resources, improve the effectiveness of their marketing activities, and strengthen the firms’ competitive positions. One of the fundamental challenges faced by the marketers is how to divide their resources between aggressive and defensive marketing activities. This chapter categorically addresses the contemporary marketing challenges at both ends of the marketing pipeline by examining the aggressive and defensive marketing practices. The role of critical thinking and collective intelligence in developing cognitive skills has been discussed comprehensively in this chapter. In addition, the discussions focus on the transgenerational evolution of markets and increasing complexities in marketing operations causing aggressive marketing practices. The recent developments on crowd-based business modeling have also been discussed in this chapter.

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Journal of Historical Research in Marketing

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Article publication date: 3 August 2012

The purpose of this paper is to argue that the function of history in critical marketing studies centres on the issue of contextualisation. It aims to put forward the idea that historically informed critical marketing studies highlight that key institutions, actors and scholarly writings have all helped to constitute, perform and destabilise marketing theory, thought and practice in ways that reflect multiple constellations of interests.

Design/methodology/approach

By way of an engagement with various strands of the literature, it is suggested that the history of marketing thought and marketing history are riven with power relations. They include economically derived power relations and culturally significant changes in the social environment. However, while important, they are only part of a more pluralistic tapestry of factors that come from sometimes completely unrelated areas that helped constitute the conditions which fostered a given area of inquiry, debate and so on, in marketing and consumer research.

Weaved into accounts such as those articulated within critical marketing studies are attempts to rethink aspects of theory, concept formation, thought, practice and institutions that have assumed a taken‐for‐granted status.

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This account is based on a detailed reading of interdisciplinary debates read into the history of marketing thought and marketing history.

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Tadajewski, M. (2012), "History and critical marketing studies", Journal of Historical Research in Marketing , Vol. 4 No. 3, pp. 440-452. https://doi.org/10.1108/17557501211252970

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Critical thinking in the marketing world, how thinking critically effects marketing..

Critical thinking, a concept not so easily explained with one simple definition, generally can be interpreted as “the process of applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and/or evaluating information gathered from, or generated by, observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication, as a guide to belief and action 1 .” Thinking critically is, for sure, one of the few things every college student has in common. It can be applied in every major and career field; marketing is no exception. Without critical thinking, the basics of marketing, promoting and selling products or services, including market research and advertising, could not be accomplished 2 .

Marketing is defined as the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for costumers, clients, and society at large 3 . In my Basic Marketing class, a student’s ability to properly use and understand the concepts of critical thinking in the marketing field are put to the test; usually with practical examples and real-world cases. Critical thinking is a crucial skill. If we cannot successfully learn to predict the wants and needs of consumers, we fail the basics of marketing and we fail the consumers. Critical thinking pushes students to learn how ways to strategically predict future marketing trends and ways to advertise and promote different products. One of the first things taught in the Basic Marketing class at USF, is how to create a marketing plan. Planning involves the process of anticipating future events and determining strategies to achieve organizational objectives in the future 3 . Conducting research is important for the creation of a market plan. To successfully interpret research data that is collected, whether it be customer satisfaction, different demographic data, or how to remarket a product, students must be able to use critical thinking to analyze the information and make a practical decision. There are four major things that must be considered when critically thinking through a marketing plan: product strategies (what products are to be marketed), place or distribution (where customers will purchase these products), promotion strategies (how products get advertised and promoted), and pricing (how to determine the cost of the product sold) 3 . Known as the Four P’s, these strategies require someone who can properly interpret and implement them.

In Basic Marketing, students are taught, using real-world examples, how to use critical thinking in today’s ever-growing business markets. Professors use familiar companies and products to explain how being able to think critically produces successful outcomes in the field. In example: packaging of a product, using marketing techniques that create an overall appeal, regardless of the target market's ethnicity, gender or other characteristics, to certain population groups can prove to be beneficial for the company and may result in the product being accessible to a broad range of customers 4 . Being able to analyze these types of data and make a decision on a type of packaging can be linked to critical thinking. Without critical thinking, making a decision on package style or advertisement strategy could lead to a product’s failure—which ultimately has a negative impact on the company. Another, more specific, example would be, a car advertisement that appeals mainly to female consumers would need to avoid stereotypical images to enable the vehicle to appeal to a broader base of consumers 4 . Marketing professionals must use their critical thinking skills to examine branding concepts from a perspective that eliminates gender in advertising the car's features 4 .

Critical thinking forces us to take the steps to strategize and conduct research before they market a product. As students, we are taught that products and their relative advertisements must reach out to a specific demographic, or target market, whether it be college students from a lower-lever income class, or a corporate-working mother with a family of four. Proper research, analysis, and development must be obtained in order to successfully sell a product. Thinking through the proper steps will produce more successful marketing campaigns in the long run. The typical process for a marketing campaign must think and answer these question: is there a growing need for a new or existing product? Who buys/would buy the product? How much will this product cost, including the expense of packaging and advertising? How necessary is this product? These are just a few of the questions we as marketing students must learn to answer—and the only way to answer is by thinking critically.

Critical thinking is found in every college classroom and is widely used in daily life. It is extremely important for students to explore and develop their own styles and interpretations of critical thinking. Critical thinking opens the mind to different solutions and means of achieving an end. In marketing, critical thinking is of absolute importance. Without proper skills to think critically, students will lack the necessary requirements to successful market products and services in the fast-paced business industry.

1. "Defining Critical Thinking." Defining Critical Thinking . Foundation for Critical Thinking, 2013. Web. 23 Sept. 2015.

2. "Marketing." BusinessDictionary.com . WebFinance, Inc., 2015. Web. 23 Sept. 2015.

3. Lamb, Charles W., Joseph F. Hair, and Carl McDaniel. MKTG: Principles of Marketing. 9th ed. N.p.: Cengage Learning, 2015. Print.

4. Mayhew, Ruthanne. "Examples of Using Critical Thinking to Make Decisions in the Workplace." Small Business . Hearst Newspapers, LLC, 2015. Web. 24 Sept. 2015.

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25 beatles lyrics: your go-to guide for every situation, the best lines from the fab four.

For as long as I can remember, I have been listening to The Beatles. Every year, my mom would appropriately blast “Birthday” on anyone’s birthday. I knew all of the words to “Back In The U.S.S.R” by the time I was 5 (Even though I had no idea what or where the U.S.S.R was). I grew up with John, Paul, George, and Ringo instead Justin, JC, Joey, Chris and Lance (I had to google N*SYNC to remember their names). The highlight of my short life was Paul McCartney in concert twice. I’m not someone to “fangirl” but those days I fangirled hard. The music of The Beatles has gotten me through everything. Their songs have brought me more joy, peace, and comfort. I can listen to them in any situation and find what I need. Here are the best lyrics from The Beatles for every and any occasion.

And in the end, the love you take is equal to the love you make

The End- Abbey Road, 1969

The sun is up, the sky is blue, it's beautiful and so are you

Dear Prudence- The White Album, 1968

Love is old, love is new, love is all, love is you

Because- Abbey Road, 1969

There's nowhere you can be that isn't where you're meant to be

All You Need Is Love, 1967

Life is very short, and there's no time for fussing and fighting, my friend

We Can Work It Out- Rubber Soul, 1965

He say, "I know you, you know me", One thing I can tell you is you got to be free

Come Together- Abbey Road, 1969

Oh please, say to me, You'll let me be your man. And please say to me, You'll let me hold your hand

I Wanna Hold Your Hand- Meet The Beatles!, 1964

It was twenty years ago today, Sgt. Pepper taught the band to play. They've been going in and out of style, but they're guaranteed to raise a smile

Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band-1967

Living is easy with eyes closed, misunderstanding all you see

Strawberry Fields Forever- Magical Mystery Tour, 1967

Can you hear me? When it rains and shine, it's just a state of mind

Rain- Paperback Writer "B" side, 1966

Little darling, it's been long cold lonely winter. Little darling, it feels like years since it' s been here. Here comes the sun, Here comes the sun, and I say it's alright

Here Comes The Sun- Abbey Road, 1969

We danced through the night and we held each other tight, and before too long I fell in love with her. Now, I'll never dance with another when I saw her standing there

Saw Her Standing There- Please Please Me, 1963

I love you, I love you, I love you, that's all I want to say

Michelle- Rubber Soul, 1965

You say you want a revolution. Well you know, we all want to change the world

Revolution- The Beatles, 1968

All the lonely people, where do they all come from. All the lonely people, where do they all belong

Eleanor Rigby- Revolver, 1966

Oh, I get by with a little help from my friends

With A Little Help From My Friends- Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, 1967

Hey Jude, don't make it bad. Take a sad song and make it better

Hey Jude, 1968

Yesterday, all my troubles seemed so far away. Now it looks as though they're here to stay. Oh, I believe in yesterday

Yesterday- Help!, 1965

And when the brokenhearted people, living in the world agree, there will be an answer, let it be.

Let It Be- Let It Be, 1970

And anytime you feel the pain, Hey Jude, refrain. Don't carry the world upon your shoulders

I'll give you all i got to give if you say you'll love me too. i may not have a lot to give but what i got i'll give to you. i don't care too much for money. money can't buy me love.

Can't Buy Me Love- A Hard Day's Night, 1964

All you need is love, love is all you need

All You Need Is Love- Magical Mystery Tour, 1967

Whisper words of wisdom, let it be

Blackbird singing in the dead of night, take these broken wings and learn to fly. all your life, you were only waiting for this moment to arise.

Blackbird- The White Album, 1968

Though I know I'll never lose affection, for people and things that went before. I know I'll often stop and think about them. In my life, I love you more

In My Life- Rubber Soul, 1965

While these are my 25 favorites, there are quite literally 1000s that could have been included. The Beatles' body of work is massive and there is something for everyone. If you have been living under a rock and haven't discovered the Fab Four, you have to get musically educated. Stream them on Spotify, find them on iTunes or even buy a CD or record (Yes, those still exist!). I would suggest starting with 1, which is a collection of most of their #1 songs, or the 1968 White Album. Give them chance and you'll never look back.

14 Invisible Activities: Unleash Your Inner Ghost!

Obviously the best superpower..

The best superpower ever? Being invisible of course. Imagine just being able to go from seen to unseen on a dime. Who wouldn't want to have the opportunity to be invisible? Superman and Batman have nothing on being invisible with their superhero abilities. Here are some things that you could do while being invisible, because being invisible can benefit your social life too.

1. "Haunt" your friends.

Follow them into their house and cause a ruckus.

2. Sneak into movie theaters.

Going to the cinema alone is good for your mental health , says science

Considering that the monthly cost of subscribing to a media-streaming service like Netflix is oft...

Free movies...what else to I have to say?

3. Sneak into the pantry and grab a snack without judgment.

Late night snacks all you want? Duh.

4. Reenact "Hollow Man" and play Kevin Bacon.

America's favorite son? And feel what it's like to be in a MTV Movie Award nominated film? Sign me up.

5. Wear a mask and pretend to be a floating head.

Just another way to spook your friends in case you wanted to.

6. Hold objects so they'll "float."

"Oh no! A floating jar of peanut butter."

7. Win every game of hide-and-seek.

Just stand out in the open and you'll win.

8. Eat some food as people will watch it disappear.

Even everyday activities can be funny.

9. Go around pantsing your friends.

Even pranks can be done; not everything can be good.

10. Not have perfect attendance.

You'll say here, but they won't see you...

11. Avoid anyone you don't want to see.

Whether it's an ex or someone you hate, just use your invisibility to slip out of the situation.

12. Avoid responsibilities.

Chores? Invisible. People asking about social life? Invisible. Family being rude? Boom, invisible.

13. Be an expert on ding-dong-ditch.

Never get caught and have the adrenaline rush? I'm down.

14. Brag about being invisible.

Be the envy of the town.

But don't, I repeat, don't go in a locker room. Don't be a pervert with your power. No one likes a Peeping Tom.

Good luck, folks.

19 Lessons I'll Never Forget from Growing Up In a Small Town

There have been many lessons learned..

Small towns certainly have their pros and cons. Many people who grow up in small towns find themselves counting the days until they get to escape their roots and plant new ones in bigger, "better" places. And that's fine. I'd be lying if I said I hadn't thought those same thoughts before too. We all have, but they say it's important to remember where you came from. When I think about where I come from, I can't help having an overwhelming feeling of gratitude for my roots. Being from a small town has taught me so many important lessons that I will carry with me for the rest of my life.

1. The importance of traditions.

Sometimes traditions seem like a silly thing, but the fact of it is that it's part of who you are. You grew up this way and, more than likely, so did your parents. It is something that is part of your family history and that is more important than anything.

2. How to be thankful for family and friends.

No matter how many times they get on your nerves or make you mad, they are the ones who will always be there and you should never take that for granted.

3. How to give back.

When tragedy strikes in a small town, everyone feels obligated to help out because, whether directly or indirectly, it affects you too. It is easy in a bigger city to be able to disconnect from certain problems. But in a small town those problems affect everyone.

4. What the word "community" really means.

Along the same lines as #3, everyone is always ready and willing to lend a helping hand when you need one in a small town and to me that is the true meaning of community. It's working together to build a better atmosphere, being there to raise each other up, build each other up, and pick each other up when someone is in need. A small town community is full of endless support whether it be after a tragedy or at a hometown sports game. Everyone shows up to show their support.

5. That it isn't about the destination, but the journey.

People say this to others all the time, but it takes on a whole new meaning in a small town. It is true that life is about the journey, but when you're from a small town, you know it's about the journey because the journey probably takes longer than you spend at the destination. Everything is so far away that it is totally normal to spend a couple hours in the car on your way to some form of entertainment. And most of the time, you're gonna have as many, if not more, memories and laughs on the journey than at the destination.

6. The consequences of making bad choices.

Word travels fast in a small town, so don't think you're gonna get away with anything. In fact, your parents probably know what you did before you even have a chance to get home and tell them. And forget about being scared of what your teacher, principle, or other authority figure is going to do, you're more afraid of what your parents are gonna do when you get home.

7. To trust people, until you have a reason not to.

Everyone deserves a chance. Most people don't have ill-intentions and you can't live your life guarding against every one else just because a few people in your life have betrayed your trust.

8. To be welcoming and accepting of everyone.

While small towns are not always extremely diverse, they do contain people with a lot of different stories, struggle, and backgrounds. In a small town, it is pretty hard to exclude anyone because of who they are or what they come from because there aren't many people to choose from. A small town teaches you that just because someone isn't the same as you, doesn't mean you can't be great friends.

9. How to be my own, individual person.

In a small town, you learn that it's okay to be who you are and do your own thing. You learn that confidence isn't how beautiful you are or how much money you have, it's who you are on the inside.

10. How to work for what I want.

Nothing comes easy in life. They always say "gardens don't grow overnight" and if you're from a small town you know this both figuratively and literally. You certainly know gardens don't grow overnight because you've worked in a garden or two. But you also know that to get to the place you want to be in life it takes work and effort. It doesn't just happen because you want it to.

11. How to be great at giving directions.

If you're from a small town, you know that you will probably only meet a handful of people in your life who ACTUALLY know where your town is. And forget about the people who accidentally enter into your town because of google maps. You've gotten really good at giving them directions right back to the interstate.

12. How to be humble .

My small town has definitely taught me how to be humble. It isn't always about you, and anyone who grows up in a small town knows that. Everyone gets their moment in the spotlight, and since there's so few of us, we're probably best friends with everyone so we are as excited when they get their moment of fame as we are when we get ours.

13. To be well-rounded.

Going to a small town high school definitely made me well-rounded. There isn't enough kids in the school to fill up all the clubs and sports teams individually so be ready to be a part of them all.

14. How to be great at conflict resolution.

In a small town, good luck holding a grudge. In a bigger city you can just avoid a person you don't like or who you've had problems with. But not in a small town. You better resolve the issue fast because you're bound to see them at least 5 times a week.

15. The beauty of getting outside and exploring.

One of my favorite things about growing up in a rural area was being able to go outside and go exploring and not have to worry about being in danger. There is nothing more exciting then finding a new place somewhere in town or in the woods and just spending time there enjoying the natural beauty around you.

16. To be prepared for anything.

You never know what may happen. If you get a flat tire, you better know how to change it yourself because you never know if you will be able to get ahold of someone else to come fix it. Mechanics might be too busy , or more than likely you won't even have enough cell service to call one.

17. That you don't always have to do it alone.

It's okay to ask for help. One thing I realized when I moved away from my town for college, was how much my town has taught me that I could ask for help is I needed it. I got into a couple situations outside of my town where I couldn't find anyone to help me and found myself thinking, if I was in my town there would be tons of people ready to help me. And even though I couldn't find anyone to help, you better believe I wasn't afraid to ask.

18. How to be creative.

When you're at least an hour away from normal forms of entertainment such as movie theaters and malls, you learn to get real creative in entertaining yourself. Whether it be a night looking at the stars in the bed of a pickup truck or having a movie marathon in a blanket fort at home, you know how to make your own good time.

19. To brush off gossip.

It's all about knowing the person you are and not letting others influence your opinion of yourself. In small towns, there is plenty of gossip. But as long as you know who you really are, it will always blow over.

Grateful Beyond Words: A Letter to My Inspiration

I have never been so thankful to know you..

I can't say "thank you" enough to express how grateful I am for you coming into my life. You have made such a huge impact on my life. I would not be the person I am today without you and I know that you will keep inspiring me to become an even better version of myself.

You have taught me that you don't always have to strong. You are allowed to break down as long as you pick yourself back up and keep moving forward. When life had you at your worst moments, you allowed your friends to be there for you and to help you. You let them in and they helped pick you up. Even in your darkest hour you showed so much strength. I know that you don't believe in yourself as much as you should but you are unbelievably strong and capable of anything you set your mind to.

Your passion to make a difference in the world is unbelievable. You put your heart and soul into your endeavors and surpass any personal goal you could have set. Watching you do what you love and watching you make a difference in the lives of others is an incredible experience. The way your face lights up when you finally realize what you have accomplished is breathtaking and I hope that one day I can have just as much passion you have.

SEE MORE: A Letter To My Best Friend On Her Birthday

The love you have for your family is outstanding. Watching you interact with loved ones just makes me smile . You are so comfortable and you are yourself. I see the way you smile when you are around family and I wish I could see you smile like this everyday. You love with all your heart and this quality is something I wished I possessed.

You inspire me to be the best version of myself. I look up to you. I feel that more people should strive to have the strength and passion that you exemplify in everyday life.You may be stubborn at points but when you really need help you let others in, which shows strength in itself. I have never been more proud to know someone and to call someone my role model. You have taught me so many things and I want to thank you. Thank you for inspiring me in life. Thank you for making me want to be a better person.

Waitlisted for a College Class? Here's What to Do!

Dealing with the inevitable realities of college life..

Course registration at college can be a big hassle and is almost never talked about. Classes you want to take fill up before you get a chance to register. You might change your mind about a class you want to take and must struggle to find another class to fit in the same time period. You also have to make sure no classes clash by time. Like I said, it's a big hassle.

This semester, I was waitlisted for two classes. Most people in this situation, especially first years, freak out because they don't know what to do. Here is what you should do when this happens.

Don't freak out

This is a rule you should continue to follow no matter what you do in life, but is especially helpful in this situation.

Email the professor

Around this time, professors are getting flooded with requests from students wanting to get into full classes. This doesn't mean you shouldn't burden them with your email; it means they are expecting interested students to email them. Send a short, concise message telling them that you are interested in the class and ask if there would be any chance for you to get in.

Attend the first class

Often, the advice professors will give you when they reply to your email is to attend the first class. The first class isn't the most important class in terms of what will be taught. However, attending the first class means you are serious about taking the course and aren't going to give up on it.

Keep attending class

Every student is in the same position as you are. They registered for more classes than they want to take and are "shopping." For the first couple of weeks, you can drop or add classes as you please, which means that classes that were once full will have spaces. If you keep attending class and keep up with assignments, odds are that you will have priority. Professors give preference to people who need the class for a major and then from higher to lower class year (senior to freshman).

Have a backup plan

For two weeks, or until I find out whether I get into my waitlisted class, I will be attending more than the usual number of classes. This is so that if I don't get into my waitlisted class, I won't have a credit shortage and I won't have to fall back in my backup class. Chances are that enough people will drop the class, especially if it is very difficult like computer science, and you will have a chance. In popular classes like art and psychology, odds are you probably won't get in, so prepare for that.

Remember that everything works out at the end

Life is full of surprises. So what if you didn't get into the class you wanted? Your life obviously has something else in store for you. It's your job to make sure you make the best out of what you have.

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