bangladesh flood 2007 case study

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Bangladesh Flooding and Disaster Management

Project result / case study 05 december 2011 read time: 3 mins, share this page.

The floods and Cyclone Sidr of 2007 impacted the lives of some 25 million people. But an extensive rehabilitation and reconstruction program helped them to recover and resume their normal economic and social activities.

Sirajganj, Bangladesh ─ When the rain-swollen Jamuna River breached its banks and inundated Sirajganj town 4 years ago, the streets were under knee-deep water, forcing shutdowns of businesses and schools. Even after the rain stopped, the floodwaters took more than 2 months to recede. Roads were ravaged and the town's poor drainage system ceased to function. Residents returned to homes that were no longer fit to live in.

Today in Sirajganj, a town of around 300,000 people, hardly any trace of the disaster remains. Damaged roads and drains have either been rebuilt or repaired. An embankment that gave way, allowing floodwaters to wash through the town, has been restored.

Sirajganj is back to business, thanks to the implementation of a disaster rehabilitation program by the municipal government with financial assistance from ADB's concessionary Asian Development Fund.

Getting back on track

The Bangladesh floods and cyclone of 2007 affected some 25 million people in 51 districts, with estimated economic losses of $1.05 billion. In response, ADB rapidly approved a concessionary loan of $120 million in January 2008 for the Emergency Disaster Damage Rehabilitation (Sector) Project. With the aim of rehabilitating national and regional highways, district roads, and rural infrastructure in 23 districts and urban infrastructure in 30 municipalities, the assistance helped construct or repair 2,288 kilometers (km) of roads; 6,266 meters of bridges and culverts; and over 372 km of embankments. About 97 km of drains have also been repaired or built and nearly 29 km of canals re-excavated.

"The project contributed to sustainable economic growth by minimizing the devastating impact of the severe floods and cyclone that hit the country in 2007, and at the same time reduced future risk from similar catastrophes," says Mohammad Nazrul Islam, project officer with ADB's Bangladesh Resident Mission.

"It also helped build and strengthen the government's disaster preparedness capacity by adopting cost-effective and disaster-resistant infrastructure design standards and improving early warning systems," he adds.

But the benefits of the project have gone beyond these dry statistics. It has helped disaster-affected people to recover and rebuild their lives.

Buffers against future disaster

Sirajganj, 104 km north of the capital Dhaka, sits on a floodplain in a country buffeted by frequent floods that cause extensive damage to infrastructure and crops. Even though the town is protected by an embankment, residents have long lived in fear that floods may strike at any moment during the monsoon season. That fear has abated since rehabilitation works were carried out on the Jamuna River embankment, while improved drainage and less risk of water backing up during heavy rains also puts minds at ease.

Many Bangladeshis have benefited from the ADB-assisted program in 51 districts and 30 municipalities.

Among those beneficiaries are the poor slum women of Sirajganj, where almost one-third of the town's 300,000 residents live in flimsy huts.

Saleha Begum, a 35-year-old slum dweller, lives close to the newly repaired embankment. Assured that it will protect her from future floods, Saleha is growing vegetables in a small plot of land in front of her hut. Like many of her neighbors, she also raises poultry.

"I don't earn a fortune here, but it is enough to supplement my husband's income and feed our two children," she says.

"We know floods will come again," says Khandaker in his shop. "But I'm sure our sufferings will be mitigated. We are better prepared now."

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After the 2004 Bangladesh Flood: Integrated Management for Flood Disaster Risk Reduction in Four Different Areas

• First Online: 19 March 2021

Cite this chapter

• Kumiko Fujita 5 ,
• Rajib Shaw 6 &
• Gulsan Ara Parvin 7  

Part of the book series: Disaster Risk Reduction ((DRR))

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Flood disaster is a critical issue in Bangladesh, with the most severe cases of flooding occurring in July and August. Regular river floods affect 20% of the country, increasing up to 68% in extreme years. After such catastrophic floods, the policy, action, strategy, and plan for flood disaster risk reduction have been developed. The floods of 1987, 1988, 1998, 2004, and 2007 were particularly catastrophic, resulting in large-scale destruction and loss of lives. After the 1988 flood, a strategy of “living with the floods” was developed to achieve sustainable agricultural development and this concept was integrated into the country’s Flood Action Plan. In 1998, 68% of Bangladesh was inundated by floods. The earthen embankments were unable to give protection against the floods in 1998, even against some medium floods in the 1990s. Catastrophic disasters in the 1990s affected institutional development, giving rise to an integrated water resource management program. In 2004, Bangladesh experienced devastating floods from July to September, with 56,000 km 2 (about 38% of the country) inundated. Consequently, a more comprehensive risk reduction program was established to effectively address the complexity of water management. This paper looks at the flood history of Bangladesh, the different flood phenomena and approaches used after 2004, and the ways climate and social change affected flood disaster mitigation and people’s livelihood. It then discusses an integrated program for disaster risk reduction and resource management.

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Acknowledgment

The authors wish to thank the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) for their support of the SATREPS Project “Research project on disaster prevention/mitigation measures against floods and storm surges in Bangladesh.”

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Fujita, K., Shaw, R., Parvin, G.A. (2021). After the 2004 Bangladesh Flood: Integrated Management for Flood Disaster Risk Reduction in Four Different Areas. In: Pulhin, J.M., Inoue, M., Shaw, R. (eds) Climate Change, Disaster Risks, and Human Security. Disaster Risk Reduction. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8852-5_14

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Cyclone sidr in bangladesh: damage, loss, and needs assessment for disaster recovery and reconstruction.

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Executive Summary

On 15 November 2007, Cyclone Sidr struck the south-west coast of Bangladesh with winds up to 240 kilometers per hour. The category 4 storm was accompanied by tidal waves up to five meters high and surges up to 6 meters in some areas, breaching coastal and river embankments, flooding low-lying areas and causing extensive physical destruction. High winds and floods also caused damage to housing, roads, bridges, and other infrastructure. Electricity and communication were knocked out, and roads and waterways became impassable. Drinking water was contaminated by debris and many sources were inundated with saline water from tidal surges, and sanitation infrastructure was destroyed.

The cyclone was the second natural disaster to affect Bangladesh in twelve months. Monsoon floods had previously caused extensive agricultural production losses and destruction of physical assets, totaling near US$ 1.1 billion. The occurrence of these events in close succession is a reminder of the country's extreme vulnerability to frequent hydro-meteorological hazards, which stand to be further exacerbated because of climate change.

Damage and Losses

Damage and loss from Cyclone Sidr was concentrated on the southwest coast of Bangladesh. Four of Bangladesh's thirty districts were classified as "severely affected" and a further eight were classified as "moderately affected". Of the 2.3 million households affected to some degree by the effects of Cyclone Sidr, about one million were seriously affected.

The number of deaths caused by Sidr is estimated at 3,406, with 1,001 still missing, and over 55,000 people sustaining physical injuries. Improved disaster prevention measures, including an improved forecasting and warning system, coastal afforestation projects, cyclone shelters, and embankments are credited with lower casualty rates than what would have been expected, given the severity of the storm. Most of the destruction and related social and economic losses resulted from the harsh storm conditions and the subsequent failure of an extensive embankment system.

In the wake of Cyclone Sidr, the Government of Bangladesh, together with international experts, undertook a comprehensive damage and loss, and needs assessments to ascertain the extent of the damage caused by the storm, and to define a comprehensive and feasible recovery plan. The Joint Damage, Loss, and Needs Assessment (JDNLA) estimated the total damage and losses caused by the cyclone to be Bangladesh Taka (BDT) 115.6 billion (US$ 1.7 billion).

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Bangladesh: cyclone sidr ocha situation report no. 10, gap analysis - northeast flash flood response 2022, bangladesh, november 2022 - needs assessment working group (nawg), key immediate needs and preliminary impact assessment: north eastern flash flood, may 2022, bangladesh.

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Case Study 3: BangladeshFloods in Bangladesh: A Shift from Disaster Management Towards Disaster Preparedness

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The presentation describes problem of flooding in Bangladesh: Bangladesh belongs the countries that are affected by flooding the most. The work presents natural hazards happening in Bangladesh, frequent natural disasters causing loss of life, damage to infrastructure and economic assets, impacts on lives and livelihoods. Floods, tropical cyclones, storm surges and droughts are likely to become more frequent and severe in the coming years. Bangladesh lies in the delta of three of the largest rivers in the world – the Brahmaputra, the Ganges and the Meghna and is notable for frequent floods. Social factors are compared. Hence, during the flood hazard the following population groups are at risk: 1) the poor, 2) poor-healthy, 3) women. These groups will suffer much more disproportionately than the group of well-being and healthy men, more so in the coastal and rural areas than elsewhere. The presentation is supported by illustrations, maps and graphs. Presented at the University of Southampton, 2009.

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Bangladesh has a long history of natural disasters, with over 219 natural disasters taking place between 1980 and 2008, causing over US$16 billion in total damage. The country has had a long experience of severe cyclonic events, floods, land-slides, arsenic, tornadoes and threats of earthquakes .It is estimated that about 10 million Bangladeshi citizens are affected by one or more natural disaster annually. Additionally, the country has already started feeling the adverse impact of climate changes which stand to threaten the livelihood and food security sectors in Bangladesh. In this report we are going to focus on one of the most common natural disaster in Bangladesh “ floods ”.

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Geography-physical > Case study - Bangladesh flood 2007 > Flashcards

Case study - Bangladesh flood 2007 Flashcards

How many people died from flooding in Bangladesh in 2007?

What was the economic cost of the flooding in Bangladesh in 2007?

The economic cost was over $1 billion $290 million of crops were destroyed

How many people were made homeless as a result of the flooding in Bangladesh in 2007?

2.5 million

How many people caught water borne diseases as a consequence of the flooding in Bangladesh in 2007?

Over 100,000 people

Give some reasons why Bangladesh is prone to flooding?

• Altitude, the nation is only 1 meter above sea level
• The country has a large volume of rivers that run through it

Why did the 2007 flooding have extremely negative consequences in Bangladesh?

• The nation is densely populated
• It is a developing nation therefore it is extremely unlikely that any flood defences were in place

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• The key factors influencing abrasion and plucking
• The processes of erosion - Meltwater erosion
• Landforms of glacial erosion - Cirques
• Landforms of glacial erosion - Aretes and pyramidal peaks
• Landforms of glacial erosion - Glacial troughs
• Landforms of glacial erosion - Truncated spurs
• Landforms of glacial erosion - Hanging Valleys
• Landforms of glacial erosion - Roches moutonnees
• Landforms of glacial erosion - Crag and tail
• Landforms of glacial erosion - Subglacial meltwater channels
• Landforms of glacial erosion - Striations
• Case Study - Glacial erosion in Scotland
• Processes of glacial transport - The entrainment of debris
• Processes of glacial transport - Glacial debris transportation
• Glaciofluvial debris transportation
• Processes of glacial deposition - Glacial deposition from debris-rich glacier ice
• Processes of glacial deposition - Ice ablation
• Processes of glacial deposition - Lodgement of glacial debris
• Processes of glacial deposition - Deformation
• Processes of glacial deposition - Flow
• The characteristics of glacial deposits
• Glaciofluvial deposition
• The characteristics of glaciofluvial deposits
• Subglacial depositional landforms - Drumlins
• Landforms of glacial deposition - Ice marginal moraines
• Landforms of glaciofluvial deposition - Eskers
• Landforms of glaciofluvial deposition - Kames
• Landforms of glaciofluvial deposition - Kettle holes
• Landforms of glaciofluvial deposition - Sandur (outwash plain)
• Landforms of glaciofluvial deposition - Varves
• Periglacial climates
• Permafrost characteristics and distribution
• Periglacial processes
• Periglacial processes - Physical weathering
• Periglacial processes - Chemical weathering
• Periglacial processes - Mass movement
• Periglacial processes - Active layer processes
• Periglacial processes - Erosional processes
• Ground ice features
• Ice-wedge polygons
• Patterned ground
• Use of Glacial Lands
• Fragile Environments
• Threats and Management
• Human Interference and Patterns
• Lesson 1 - The Global Hydrological Cycle - Key definitions
• Lesson 1 - The Global Hydrological Cycle
• Lesson 2 - The Drainage Basin Hydrological Cycle
• Lesson 2b - The Three Types of Rainfall
• Human Disruptions to the Drainage Basin
• Case study - Human disruptions in Amazonia
• Lesson 3 - Water budgets and river regimes
• Lesson 4 - Storm hydrographs
• Lesson 5 - Drought
• Lesson 5 - ENSO Cycles
• Lesson 6 - Drought causes and impacts
• Case study - Drought in Australia
• Case study - Drought in Sahel
• Lesson 7 - Impacts of Drought on Ecosystems
• Lesson 8 - Physical Causes of Flooding
• Case studies - Physical causes of flooding
• Lesson 8 - Human causes of flooding
• Lesson 9 - The impacts of flooding
• Case study - Bangladesh flood 2007
• Case study - Storm Desmond 2015
• Lesson 10 - Impacts of Climate Change on the Hydrological Cycle
• Lesson 12 - The Effects of Water Insecurity
• Case studies - The price of water
• Lesson 13 - Water supply and economic development
• Case study - The Aral Sea
• Water supply and human well-being
• Case study - Water conflicts - The River Nile
• Case Study - Water conflicts - The Gilgel Gibe III Dam
• Case Study - The use of water as a political weapon with a conflict - Russia in Crimea
• Case study - River Restoration - The River Quaggy
• Lesson 15 - Integrated basin management for large rivers (IWRM)
• Case study - IRBM Case Study - Colorado integrated river management
• Case study - Water Conservation - Sustainable water schemes in Singapore
• Case study - Smart Irrigation in China and Australia
• Case study - Rainwater harvesting jars in Uganda
• Case study - Water-sharing agreements and treaties
• Lesson 16 - Hard engineering - Desalination
• Case study - Hard Engineering - China's south-north water transfer project
• The Biogeochemical Carbon Cycle (Lesson 1)
• Geological Processes : The Slow Carbon Cycle - Lesson 2
• Biological Processes (Oceans):The fast carbon cycle-Lesson 3
• Human interference and Climate Patterns-Lesson 4
• The role of Oceanic and Terrestrial Photosynthesis-Lesson 5
• Consumption of energy and the energy mix
• Energy players- Lesson 7
• Fossil Fuel combustion and Carbon Pathways
• Unconventional Fossil Fuels
• Fossil Fuels and energy Pathways
• Unconventional Fossil Fuels-Part 2
• Alternatives to fossil fuels (Lesson 10a)
• Alternatives to Fossil Fuels (Lesson 10b)
• Alternatives to Fossil Fuels (Lesson 10c)
• The environmental and economic problems resulting from inadequate water
• The impact of human activity on the carbon and water cycles
• Radical technologies
• The degradation of the water and carbon cycles and the implications for human wellbeing
• Impacts of Rising Temperatures
• An uncertain future (lesson 15a and 15b)
• Adaption and Mitigation
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