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Assignment of Benefits, Part 8: North Carolina

The requests from our readers keep coming and in and this week we are taking a look at Assignment of Benefits (“AOBs”) in North Carolina.

AOBs are permitted in North Carolina, however there are several restrictions. First, concerning the AOB itself, the Courts have held that, “’[a]n action ‘arising out of contract’ generally can be assigned[ ]’ and the assignee may bring a breach of contract action.” 1 Next, where the policy includes an anti-assignment clause, the clause will be considered valid and the rights under the policy will not be assignable. 2

Additionally, even if you have a valid assignment and the policy doesn’t prohibit it, you are limited to filing suit on breach of contract only: “A claim for tortious, bad faith refusal to settle is more akin to an unassignable claim for unfair and deceptive trade practices than to an assignable claim of breach of contract. The allegations of bad faith make this claim personal to [] the insured. It may not be assigned.” 3

If you have any specific questions on AOBs or would like to see your state come up sooner, please comment below, or send me an email at [email protected].

As always, I’ll leave you with a (mildly) related tune, here’s North Carolina’s own Ben Folds Five with one of their lesser known singles, and one of my personal favorites, Army :

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Handling Assignment of Benefit (“AOB”) Claims in the Wake of Hurricanes Irma and Harvey

Overview | Blog Posts | First-Party Coverage | Timothy Engelbrecht , T. Nicholas Goanos , L. Andrew Watson | Related | Print | Share

Timothy Engelbrecht

Partner | First-Party Coverage , Extra-Contractual 813-281-1900 [email protected]

T. Nicholas Goanos

Partner | Extra-Contractual , Arson & Fraud , Casualty Defense Litigation , Third-Party Coverage , First-Party Coverage 704-940-9811  [email protected]

L. Andrew Watson

Partner | First-Party Coverage , Extra-Contractual , Casualty Defense Litigation , Arson & Fraud , Third-Party Coverage 704-543-2321 [email protected]

September 12, 2017

Hurricanes Irma and Harvey have damaged large areas of Florida, Texas, and Louisiana, as well as brought heavy rain and wind to Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. As insurers handle thousands of property damage claims in these areas, they will undoubtedly be presented with claims that have been assigned from insureds to damage-repair contractors. These are often referred to as assignments of benefits or “AOB” claims. This article explains briefly what an AOB claim is, how Florida, Texas, Louisiana, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina address AOB claims, and the best practices for handling AOB claims.

WHAT IS AN AOB CLAIM?

The classic example of an AOB claim is the following: an insured suffers property damage and hires a repair contractor to repair that damage. The repair contractor requires the insured to execute a written document, usually entitled “Assignment of Insurance Benefits”, which says something to the effect of “for and in consideration of the contractor’s agreement to protect the property from further damage and/or make repairs, the insured assigns his/her/its insurance benefits to the contractor.” The contractor thereafter makes a claim directly to the insurer using the AOB.

HOW DOES FLORIDA, TEXAS, LOUISIANA, GEORGIA, NORTH CAROLINA, AND SOUTH CAROLINA ADDRESS AOB CLAIMS?

Florida  has allowed AOB claims for over 100 years. Sec. First Ins. Co. v. State, Office of Ins. Regulation , 177 So. 3d 627, 628 (Fla. 1st DCA 2015). Post-loss property damage claims are freely assignable in Florida regardless of whether the insurer consents or not.   Start to Finish Restoration, LLC v. Homeowners Choice Prop. & Cas. Ins. Co. , 192 So. 3d 1275, 1276 (Fla. 2d DCA 2016). An insurance policy that has a “non-assignment” clause only bars the assignment of the entire insurance policy, not an assignment of a post-loss insurance claim. Bioscience West, Inc. v. Gulfstream Prop. & Cas. Ins. Co. , 185 So. 3d 638, 640-41 (Fla. 2d DCA 2016). 

Texas  has adopted the opposite approach to AOBs. The general rule in Texas is that an insured cannot assign an insurance claim if the insurance policy has a non-assignment clause. ARM Props. Mgmt. Group v. RSUI Indem . Co., 642 F.Supp.2d 592, 609-10 (W.D. Tex. 2009) relying on  Tex. Farmers Ins. Co. v. Gerdes , 880 S.W. 2d 215, 218 (Tex. App. 1994). This is true even if the non-assignment clause is general and broadly worded.

Louisiana  takes a hybrid approach to AOBs. Louisiana allows an insurer to place a clause in an insurance policy that prohibits post-loss assignments.   In re Katrina Canal Breaches Litig ., 63 So. 3d 955, 962-63 (La. 2011). However, in order for such a clause to be enforceable, the clause must clearly and unambiguously express that it applies to post-loss assignments.   Id . The general and a broadly worded non-assignment clause that has traditionally appeared in most insurance policies is not sufficient. Id. 

Georgia , much like many of the States above and across the Country, permits AOBs.  See Santiago v. Safeway Ins. Co. , 196 Ga. App. 480, 481, 396 S.E.2d 506, 608 (App. Ct. 1990). Unlike North Carolina and South Carolina, which are discussed below, an assignee in Georgia may pursue his own extra-contractual claim only after first establishing a breach of the insurance policy.  Southern Gen. Ins. Co. v. Holt , 262 Ga. 267, 416 S.E.2d 274, 276-77 (1992). Further, before pursuing an extra-contractual claim, an assignee (or insured) in Georgia must provide the insurer an opportunity to “cure” the alleged “bad faith”. See  Ga. Code Ann. § 33-4-6.

Lastly,  North Carolina  and  South Carolina  also allow AOBs. In upholding the validity of an assignment, courts in these States have ruled not only that assignments of benefits are indeed valid, but also, that they are governed by each State’s general contract law. See e.g., Alaimo Family Chiropractic v. Allstate Ins. Co. , 155 N.C. App. 194, 197, 574 S.E.2d 496, 498 (App. Ct. 2002);  Gray v. State Farm Auto. Ins. Co. , 327 S.C. 646, 491 S.E.2d 272 (App. Ct. 1997). The “rubber” meets the proverbial “road”, though, when an extra-contractual claim is alleged. In North Carolina and South Carolina, a plaintiff may assert an extra-contractual claim, even if the insurer has not breached the insurance policy. See  Tadlock Painting Co. v. Maryland Cas. Co. , 322 S.C. 498, 473 S.E.2d 52 (1996);  Kielbania v. Indian Harbor Ins. Co., 2012 WL 3957926 (M.D.N.C. 2012). However, an assignee is limited in the sense that it may pursue only his own extra-contractual claim, and not the assignors.  Horton v. New S. Ins. Co. , 122 N.C. App. 265, 268, 468 S.E.2d 856, 858 (1996);  Davis v. Liberty Mut. Ins. Co. , 2015 WL 6163243, at *4 (D.S.C. 2015).

WHAT ARE THE BEST PRACTICES FOR HANDLING AN AOB CLAIM?

First, as noted above, an adjuster needs to know if the state law where the AOB claim is being made allows for AOB claims. 

Second, assuming the state allows for AOB claims, the adjuster needs to carefully read what the actual AOB document says. They are not all the same. Some AOBs assign the entire claim. Other AOBs only assign part of the claim. For example, imagine an insured’s property is damaged by water. The insured needs the water extracted and the structure rebuilt. An AOB might assign both the water extraction and the rebuild claim to a single contractor. Or, the insured might execute one AOB to a water extraction contractor and a separate AOB to a different rebuild contractor. Or, an insured might execute an AOB to a water extraction contractor and the insured will retain the remaining rights to make the rebuild claim. If the AOB is unclear what – exactly – is being assigned, it is important for the adjuster to speak with the insured and the contractor to ensure everyone is on the same page.

Third, the adjuster should speak to the insured to gather information necessary to understand and adjust the assigned claim. In Florida, an adjuster likely cannot require a contractor to perform the insurance policy’s post-loss conditions of giving documents, executing a sworn statement in proof of loss, or appearing for an examination under oath. Shaw v. State Farm Fire & Cas. Co.,  37 So. 3d 329, 332-33 (Fla. 5th DCA 2010) disapproved on other grounds in  Nunez v. Geico Gen. Ins. Co. , 117 So. 3d 388 (Fla. 2013). However, the insured is still responsible for fulfilling those conditions even with regard to the assigned claim. Id. The insured’s failure to do so may bar the assigned claim. Id. 

Fourth, assuming payment will be made on the assigned claim, the adjuster should determine who will be listed on the settlement check. If there is a valid AOB, it may be improper to list the insured on the settlement check since the insured’s rights have been assigned to the contractor. Many AOBs will state that only the contractor be listed on the settlement check. However, it is good for an adjuster to confirm with the insured that the insured understands that he/she/it will not be listed on the settlement check. It is also important for the adjuster to correctly determine if a mortgagee needs to be listed on the settlement check. Situations vary depending on the nature of the work that the contractor is doing (damage prevention versus repair) and whether the work has been completed or is still to be done. The adjuster should discuss the situation with the insured, the contractor, and the mortgagee if the adjuster is at all unsure if the mortgagee needs to be on the settlement check.

Fifth, an adjuster should know whether an assigned claim can be resolved using the insurance policy’s appraisal provision. Appraisal can be an inexpensive and expedient way to resolve a claim. In Florida, an insurer usually can require a contractor with an assigned claim to go to appraisal if the insurance policy provides for the mandatory appraisal upon request.  Certified Priority Restoration v. State Farm Florida Ins. Co ., 191 So. 3d 961, 962 (Fla. 4th DCA 2016).

Insurers will continue to be presented with AOB claims in the wake of Hurricanes Irma and Harvey. We have been helping insurers and adjusters navigate the unique issues associated with AOB claims for many years. Please contact us if you have any questions or need assistance.

For any further questions, please contact Timothy Engelbrecht, T. Nicholas Goanos, or L. Andrew Watson.

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Consumer Insight

Sept. 13, 2023

Assignment of Benefits: Consumer Beware

You've just survived a severe storm, or a tornado and you've experienced some extensive damage to your home that requires repairs, including the roof. Your contractor is now asking for your permission to speak with your insurance company using an Assignment of Benefits. Before you sign, read the fine print. Otherwise, you may inadvertently sign over your benefits and any extra money you’re owed as part of your claim settlement.

The National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) offers information to help you better understand insurance, your risk and what to do in the event you need repairs after significant storm damage.

Be cautious about signing an Assignment of Benefits. An Assignment of Benefits, or an AOB, is an agreement signed by a policyholder that allows a third party—such as a water extraction company, a roofer or a plumber—to act on behalf of the insured and seek direct payment from the insurance company.  An AOB can be a useful tool for getting repairs done, as it allows the repair company to deal directly with your insurance company when negotiating repairs and issuing payment directly to the repair company. However, an AOB is a legal contract, so you need to understand what rights you are signing away and you need to be sure the repair company is trustworthy.

• With an Assignment of Benefits, the third party, like a roofing company or plumber, files your claim, makes the repair decision and collects insurance payments without your involvement.
• Once you have signed an AOB, the insurer only communicates with the third party and the other party can sue your insurer and you can lose your right to mediation.
• It's possible the third party may demand a higher claim payment than the insurer offers and then sue the insurer when it denies your claim.
• You are not required to sign an AOB to have repairs completed. You can file a claim directly with your insurance company, which allows you to maintain control of the rights and benefits provided by your policy in resolving the claim.

Be on alert for fraud. Home repair fraud is common after a natural disaster. Contractors often come into disaster-struck regions looking to make quick money by taking advantage of victims.

• It is a good idea to do business with local or trusted companies. Ask friends and family for references.
•  Your insurer may also have recommendations or a list of preferred contractors.
• Always get more than one bid on work projects. Your adjuster may want to review estimates before you make repairs.

Immediately after the disaster, have an accurate account of the damage for your insurance company when you file a claim.

• Before removing any debris or belongings, document all losses.
• Take photos or video and make a list of the damages and lost items.
• Save damaged items if possible so your insurer can inspect them, some insurance companies may have this as a requirement in their policy.

Most insurance companies have a time requirement for reporting a claim, so contact your agent or company as soon as possible. Your  state insurance department  can help you find contact information for your insurance company, if you cannot find it.

• Insurance company officials can help you determine what damages are covered, start your claim and even issue a check to start the recovery process.
• When reporting losses, you will need insurance information, current contact information and a  home inventory or list of damaged and lost property . If you do not have a list, the adjuster will give you some time to make one. Ask the adjuster how much time you have to submit this inventory list. The NAIC Post Disaster Claims Guide has details on what you can do if you do not have a home inventory list.

After you report damage to your insurance company, they will send a claims adjuster to assess the damage at no cost to you . An adjuster from your insurance company will walk through and around your home to inspect damaged items and temporary repairs you may have made.

• A public adjuster is different from an adjuster from your insurance company and has no ties to the insurance company.
• They estimate the damage to your home and property, review your insurance coverage, and negotiate a settlement of the insurance claim for you.
• Many states require public adjusters to be licensed. Some states prohibit public adjusters from negotiating insurance claims for you. In those states, only a licensed attorney can represent you.
• You have to pay a public adjuster.
• The NAIC Post Disaster Claims Guide has information on the different types of adjusters.

Once the adjuster has completed an assessment, they will provide documentation of the loss to your insurer to determine your claims settlement. When it comes to getting paid, you may receive more than one check. If the damage is severe or you are displaced from your home, the first check may be an emergency advance. Other payments may be for the contents of your home, other personal property, and structural damages. Please note that if there is a mortgage on your home, the payment for structural damage may be payable to you and your mortgage lender. Lenders may put that money into an escrow account and pay for repairs as the work is completed.

More information. States have rules governing how insurance companies handle claims. If you think that your insurer is not responding in a timely manner or completing a reasonable investigation of your claim, contact your  state insurance department .

About the National Association of Insurance Commissioners

As part of our state-based system of insurance regulation in the United States, the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) provides expertise, data, and analysis for insurance commissioners to effectively regulate the industry and protect consumers. The U.S. standard-setting organization is governed by the chief insurance regulators from the 50 states, the District of Columbia and five U.S. territories. Through the NAIC, state insurance regulators establish standards and best practices, conduct peer reviews, and coordinate regulatory oversight. NAIC staff supports these efforts and represents the collective views of state regulators domestically and internationally.

Home » Coverage Exclusions » Assignment of Benefits

Assignment of Benefits for Homeowners

• How It Works
• Using Your AOB
• Pros & Cons
• Safe & Secure
• Watch Out for Abuse
• Frequently Asked Questions

An assignment of benefits (AOB) is a contractual agreement that enables a third party to access insurance benefits on behalf of the policyholder.[1] When the policyholder signs an AOB agreement, it grants the third party the authority to initiate an insurance claim and receive reimbursement directly from the insurance company. 

Assignment of benefits for homeowners means that any  contractors , plumbers, or other professionals who perform work to repair your home or property after a claim can work with your insurance provider directly to get compensated. You step aside as the middleman, and they work together.  

While AOB can work with most types of insurance, not every insurance company will allow it. The party performing the work (the insurance claimant) and your insurance company must both agree to the process.

• As the policyholder, you must willingly sign an AOB agreement, giving explicit consent for a third party to access their insurance benefits.
• AOBs may make things easier for both you as the policyholder and for the service provider.
• The service provider takes care of filing the claim, helps the homeowner decide on repairs, and gets paid by the insurance company, relieving you (the policyholder) of having to manage these details.

How Do Assignment of Benefits Work?

AOB is a straightforward process that simplifies insurance billing for both service providers and policyholders. Here is how an AOB works.

Coverage Verified

Before hiring a service provider, the policyholder must make sure that the service is covered by their policy by checking in with the insurance provider. Homeowners insurance pays for the cost of damages or loss due to a covered event, as outlined in the policy. 

Mutual Agreement

The policyholder and the service provider agree to utilize an AOB form.[2] This agreement authorizes the service provider to handle direct billing to the insurance company for the services provided.

Billing Submission

With the AOB form in place, the service provider submits all relevant documentation, including invoices and service records, to the insurance company for payment. In many cases, this includes the initial claim with documentation of the damage and an explanation/proof of how it happened.

Claim Evaluation

The insurance company thoroughly reviews the submitted documents to verify that the damage itself and the provided services are indeed covered under the policy terms and that the contractor provided those same services.

Direct Payment

If the services are eligible and covered by the insurance policy, the insurance company promptly issues payment directly to the service provider. This payment aligns with the agreed-upon costs as outlined in the insurance policy.

Policyholder’s Responsibility

Generally, the policyholder is only responsible for any deductibles, copays, or out-of-pocket expenses specified in their insurance policy.[3] They are relieved of the responsibility of managing the billing process or handling reimbursement paperwork.

Service Rendered

The policyholder receives necessary services covered by their insurance policy, such as medical treatment or repairs.

Example of an Assignment of Benefits

A hurricane hit Rachel’s town, severely damaging the shed where she keeps her tools and lawn equipment. The shed is covered under her home insurance policy, and she files a claim with the insurance provider quickly with photographs and documents that show the damage and provide proof of the value and potential cost to rebuild. The insurance provider approves the replacement of the shed.

To streamline the process of paying the contractor, Rachel signs an AOB allowing the contractor to bill the insurance provider rather than billing her. This means that if there are any disputes about the costs of materials, timeliness of payment, or any other issues, those will happen between the insurance company and the contractor, and Rachel will not be required to step in. 

Additionally, rather than having to pay the contractor out of pocket and wait for a reimbursement check from the provider, the contractor will be paid directly by the insurance company, so Rachel doesn’t have to pay the cost of the shed replacement.

When Would You Use Your Assignment of Benefits?

AOBs can be useful in various situations:

• Assign benefits to contractors for property damage repairs, simplifying the insurance claim process. It can often expedite the process and help claimants to get paid faster.
• AOBs can help in emergencies, ensuring timely payment without paperwork hassles. This can be particularly helpful during already high-stress times. 
• Consider AOBs for complex claims with multiple providers or extensive paperwork. You’ll have less to manage if the parties work together directly.
• You can use an AOB for a range of professionals relating to a homeowners insurance claim, such as plumbers, roofers, window repair specialists, landscapers, carpenters, and restoration specialists.

Pros & Cons of Using Assignment of Benefits

Making Sure Your AOB Is Safe & Secure

To ensure the safety of an AOB:

• Check the reputation of the service provider and seek multiple quotes for services.[4]
• Carefully examine the AOB terms, ensuring clarity and alignment with your insurance policy.
• Beware of high-pressure tactics and take your time to decide.
• Confirm the provider’s licensing and insurance.
• Get multiple estimates in writing for the needed work.
• Consult an attorney or insurance advisor if you have concerns.
• Keep records of communication and contracts.
• Inform your insurer about the AOB and their requirements.
• After services, check the results against AOB terms and your satisfaction.
• Make sure the AOB has appropriate cancellation provisions in place so that you can rescind the agreement in writing in certain circumstances.

Assignment of Benefits Being Abused: What Are My Options?

While an AOB can offer convenience, the process may be susceptible to misuse by those who would take advantage of the insurance company and overcharge for services or claim to have provided services that they did not actually perform. Lisa Koosis, a former claims specialist, warns, “Be watchful for AOB scams, particularly after natural disasters such as earthquakes or hurricanes. Red flags include contractors who offer something for nothing, make exaggerated claims of damage or present broadly worded contracts.”

If you suspect AOB abuse or fraud, consider these options.

Contact Your Insurer 

If you suspect AOB abuse, promptly reach out to your insurance company. Express your concerns and provide any evidence you have to support them. Insurers have units dedicated to investigating potential fraud or AOB misuse.

Report Fraud

If you suspect fraudulent activities, report the issue to your state’s insurance fraud bureau or department, which investigates such cases and takes legal action when appropriate. However, fraud is generally difficult to prove. 

Seek Legal Counsel

Get advice from an  attorney who is experienced in insurance claims to navigate your specific situation. Be aware that pursuing legal action can be costly and lengthy, so it generally won’t be your first course of action. But if the process gets complicated, it’s helpful to have a legal professional on your side. Lisa Koosis, a former claims specialist, says, “If you need legal assistance but can’t afford it, try calling your local law school. Many of them offer free clinics where you can get a consultation and, sometimes, pro bono representation.”

Know About Potential Litigation

If the contractor or service provider isn’t paid by your insurance company, they might pursue legal action against your provider, leading to a dispute that may require your action or response.

Frequently Asked Questions About Assignment of Benefits (AOB) for Homeowners

We have compiled some of the most frequently asked questions about AOBs and how to use them most effectively, so you can make the most informed decisions about your situation.

An assignment of benefits, also referred to as an AOB, in homeowners insurance is when you allow a contractor or service provider to take over your insurance claim process. They deal directly with the insurance company for tasks like repairs or damage assessments and get paid directly. This can simplify and expedite the process because the service provider is dealing directly with your insurance company without you serving as the intermediary. 

All parties must agree to the process. As the policyholder, you’ll sign off on the process, and both the services provider and your insurance company must also agree to the process. 

Using an AOB can be beneficial if it is used wisely and for the purposes of working with reputable service providers. It streamlines claims, but it also comes with potential risks like fraud. Proceed with caution and agree to an AOB only if you feel confident that you are working with trusted parties. Also, be aware that not all insurance companies allow AOBs. Some states prohibit AOBs for certain types of work. Consult your insurance provider to ensure they do before proceeding. 

In recent years, AOBs have been the target of fraud. Some service providers have inflated their invoices, billing for work that wasn’t performed. In some cases, claimants sue the insurance company, resulting in higher premiums for the policyholder down the road.

An AOB simplifies the insurance claims process for policyholders, letting service providers handle the work of getting paid for their services. This reduces responsibility and stress for policyholders and can often serve the best interests of all parties.

An AOB on a claim form is a line item where you authorize a service provider to receive insurance benefits for a specific claim. It lets that provider directly bill and get paid by the insurance company, simplifying the process for you. Make sure to understand the terms before signing it.[2] In some cases, it could mean you are responsible for any fees billed by your service provider if your insurance company doesn’t pay the full amount.

Related Pages

• The Do’s & Don’ts of Submitting a Homeowners Insurance Claim
• How Long Will My Homeowners Insurance Claim Take?
• How to File a Homeowners Insurance Claim
• How to Document Property Damage for Your Claim
• How to Speed Up Your Homeowners Insurance Claim
• Insurance Claims & Appeals

Post Disaster Claims Guide . National Association of Insurance Commissioners.

Assignment of Benefits . Department of Health and Human Services – North Dakota.

Understanding Dental Assignment of Benefits . West Virginia Offices of the Insurance Commissioner.

Assignment of Benefits: Consumer Beware . (April 2020). National Association of Insurance Commissioners.

Assignment of Benefits: What It Is, and How It Can Affect your Property Insurance Claim

Table of Contents

What is an Assignment of Benefits?

In the context of insured property claims, an assignment of benefits (AOB) is an agreement between you and a contractor in which you give the contractor your right to insurance payments for a specific scope of work .  In exchange, the contractor agrees that it will not seek payment from you for that scope of work, except for the amount of any applicable deductible.  In other words, you give part of your insurance claim to your contractor, and your contractor agrees not to collect from you for part of its work.

The most important thing to know about an assignment of benefits is that it puts your contractor in control your claim , at least for their scope of work.  Losing that control can significantly affect the direction and outcome of your claim, so you should fully understand the implications of an AOB (sometimes called an assignment of claims or AOC) before signing one.

How Does an Assignment of Benefits Work in Practice? 

Let’s say you’re an insured homeowner, and Hurricane Ian significantly damaged your roof.  Let’s also assume your homeowner’s policy covers that damage.  A roofer, after inspecting your roof and reviewing your insurance policy, might conclude that your insurer is probably going to pay for a roof replacement under your insurance policy.  The only problem is that it’s early in the recovery process, and your insurer hasn’t yet stated whether it will pay for the roof replacement proposed by your contractor. So if you want your roof replaced now, you would ordinarily agree to pay your roofer for the replacement, and wait in hopes that your insurer reimburses you for the work.  This means that if your insurance company refuses to pay or drags out payment, you’re on the hook to your roofer for the cost of the replacement.

As an alternative to agreeing to pay your roofer for the full cost of the work, you could sign an assignment of benefits for the roof replacement.  In this scenario, your roofer owns the part of your insurance claim that pertains to the roof replacement.  You might have to pay your roofer for the amount of your deductible, but you probably don’t have to pay them for the rest of the cost of the work.  And if your insurance company refuses to pay or drags out payment for the roof replacement, it’s your roofer, and not you, who would be on the hook for that shortfall.

So should you sign an AOB?  Not necessarily.  Read below to understand the pros and cons of an assignment of benefits.

Are There any Downsides to Signing an Assignment of Benefits?

Yes.  

You lose control of your claim . This is the most important factor to understand when considering whether to sign an AOB.  An AOB is a formal assignment of your legal rights to payment under your insurance contract.  Unless you’re able to cancel the AOB, your contractor will have full control over your claim as it relates to their work. 

To explain why that control could matter, let’s go back to the roof replacement example.  When you signed the AOB, the scope of work you agreed on was to replace the roof.  But you’re not a roofing expert, so you don’t know whether the costs charged or the materials used by the roofer in its statement of work are industry appropriate or not.  In most cases, they probably are appropriate, and there’s no problem.  But if they’re not – if, for instance, the roofer’s prices are unreasonably high – then the insurer may not approve coverage for the replacement.  At that point, the roofer could lower its prices so the insurer approves the work, but it doesn’t have to, because it controls the claim .  Instead it could hold up work and threaten to sue your insurer unless it approves the work at the originally proposed price.  Now the entire project is insnared in litigation, leaving you in a tough spot with your insurer for your other claims and, most importantly, with an old leaky roof.

Misunderstanding the Scope of Work.   Another issue that can arise is that you don’t understand the scope of the assignment of benefits.  Contractor estimates and scopes of work are often highly technical documents that can be long on detail but short on clarity.  Contractors are experts at reading and writing them.  You are not.  That difference matters because the extent of your assignment of benefits is based on that technical, difficult-to-understand scope of work.  This can lead to situations where your understanding of what you’re authorizing the contractor to do is very different from what you’ve actually authorized in the AOB agreement.

In many cases, it’s not necessary .   Many contractors will work with you and your insurer to provide a detailed estimate of their work, and will not begin that work until your insurer has approved coverage for it.  This arrangement significantly reduces the risk of you being on the hook for uninsured repairs, without creating any of the potential problems that can occur when you give away your rights to your claim.

Do I have to sign an Assignment of Benefits?

No.  You are absolutely not required to sign an AOB if you do not want to. 

Are There any Benefits to Signing an Assignment of Benefits?

Potentially, but only if you’ve fully vetted your contractor and your claim involves complicated and technical construction issues that you don’t want to deal with. 

First, you must do your homework to fully vet your contractor!  Do not just take their word for it or be duped by slick ads.  Read reviews, understand their certificate of insurance, know where they’re located, and, if possible, ask for and talk to references.  If you’ve determined that the contractor is highly competent at the work they do, is fully insured, and has a good reputation with customers, then that reduces the risk that they’ll abuse their rights to your claim.

Second, if your claim involves complicated reconstruction issues, a reputable contractor may be well equipped to handle the claim and move it forward.  If you don’t want to deal with the hassle of handling a complicated claim like this, and you know you have a good contractor, one way to get rid of that hassle is an AOB.

Another way to get rid of the hassle is to try Claimly, the all-in-one claims handling tool that get you results but keeps you in control of your claim.  

Can my insurance policy restrict the use of AOBs?

Yes, it’s possible that your Florida insurance policy restricts the use of AOBs, but only if all of the following criteria are met:

• When you selected your coverage, your insurer offered you a different policy with the same coverage, only it did not restrict the right to sign an AOB.
• Your insurer made the restricted policy available at a lower cost than the unrestricted policy.
• If the policy completely prohibits AOBs, then it was made available at a lower cost than any policy partially prohibiting AOBs.
• The policy includes on its face the following notice in 18-point uppercase and boldfaced type:

THIS POLICY DOES NOT ALLOW THE UNRESTRICTED ASSIGNMENT OF POST-LOSS INSURANCE BENEFITS. BY SELECTING THIS POLICY, YOU WAIVE YOUR RIGHT TO FREELY ASSIGN OR TRANSFER THE POST-LOSS PROPERTY INSURANCE BENEFITS AVAILABLE UNDER THIS POLICY TO A THIRD PARTY OR TO OTHERWISE FREELY ENTER INTO AN ASSIGNMENT AGREEMENT AS THE TERM IS DEFINED IN SECTION 627.7153 OF THE FLORIDA STATUTES.

627.7153. 

Pro Tip : If you have an electronic copy of your complete insurance policy (not just the declaration page), then search for “policy does not allow the unrestricted assignment” or another phrase from the required language above to see if your policy restricts an AOB.  If your policy doesn’t contain this required language, it probably doesn’t restrict AOBs.

Do I have any rights or protections concerning Assignments of Benefits?

Yes, you do.  Florida recently enacted laws that protect consumers when dealing with an AOB.

Protections in the AOB Contract

To be enforceable, a Assignments of Benefits must meet all of the following requirements:

• Be in writing and executed by and between you and the contractor.
• Contain a provision that allows you to cancel the assignment agreement without a penalty or fee by submitting a written notice of cancellation signed by the you to the assignee:
• at least 30 days after the date work on the property is scheduled to commence if the assignee has not substantially performed, or
• at least 30 days after the execution of the agreement if the agreement does not contain a commencement date and the assignee has not begun substantial work on the property.
• Contain a provision requiring the assignee to provide a copy of the executed assignment agreement to the insurer within 3 business days after the date on which the assignment agreement is executed or the date on which work begins, whichever is earlier.
• Contain a written, itemized, per-unit cost estimate of the services to be performed by the assignee .
• Relate only to work to be performed by the assignee for services to protect, repair, restore, or replace a dwelling or structure or to mitigate against further damage to such property.
• Contain the following notice in 18-point uppercase and boldfaced type:

YOU ARE AGREEING TO GIVE UP CERTAIN RIGHTS YOU HAVE UNDER YOUR INSURANCE POLICY TO A THIRD PARTY, WHICH MAY RESULT IN LITIGATION AGAINST YOUR INSURER. PLEASE READ AND UNDERSTAND THIS DOCUMENT BEFORE SIGNING IT. YOU HAVE THE RIGHT TO CANCEL THIS AGREEMENT WITHOUT PENALTY WITHIN 14 DAYS AFTER THE DATE THIS AGREEMENT IS EXECUTED, AT LEAST 30 DAYS AFTER THE DATE WORK ON THE PROPERTY IS SCHEDULED TO COMMENCE IF THE ASSIGNEE HAS NOT SUBSTANTIALLY PERFORMED, OR AT LEAST 30 DAYS AFTER THE EXECUTION OF THE AGREEMENT IF THE AGREEMENT DOES NOT CONTAIN A COMMENCEMENT DATE AND THE ASSIGNEE HAS NOT BEGUN SUBSTANTIAL WORK ON THE PROPERTY. HOWEVER, YOU ARE OBLIGATED FOR PAYMENT OF ANY CONTRACTED WORK PERFORMED BEFORE THE AGREEMENT IS RESCINDED. THIS AGREEMENT DOES NOT CHANGE YOUR OBLIGATION TO PERFORM THE DUTIES REQUIRED UNDER YOUR PROPERTY INSURANCE POLICY.

• Contain a provision requiring the assignee to indemnify and hold harmless the assignor from all liabilities, damages, losses, and costs, including, but not limited to, attorney fees.

Contractor Duties

Under Florida law, a contractor (or anyone else) receiving rights to a claim under an AOB:

• Must provide you with accurate and up-to-date revised estimates of the scope of work to be performed as supplemental or additional repairs are required.
• Must perform the work in accordance with accepted industry standards.
• May not seek payment from you exceeding the applicable deductible under the policy unless asked the contractor to perform additional work at the your own expense.
• Must, as a condition precedent to filing suit under the policy, and, if required by the insurer, submit to examinations under oath and recorded statements conducted by the insurer or the insurer’s representative that are reasonably necessary, based on the scope of the work and the complexity of the claim, which examinations and recorded statements must be limited to matters related to the services provided, the cost of the services, and the assignment agreement.
• Must, as a condition precedent to filing suit under the policy, and, if required by the insurer, participate in appraisal or other alternative dispute resolution methods in accordance with the terms of the policy.
• If the contractor is making emergency repairs, the assignment of benefits cannot exceed the greater of $3,000 or 1% of your Coverage A limit.

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Assignment of Benefits: What You Need to Know

• August 17, 2022
• Steven Schwartzapfel

Insurance can be useful, but dealing with the back-and-forth between insurance companies and contractors, medical specialists, and others can be a time-consuming and ultimately unpleasant experience. You want your medical bills to be paid without having to act as a middleman between your healthcare provider and your insurer.

However, there’s a way you can streamline this process. With an assignment of benefits, you can designate your healthcare provider or any other insurance payout recipient as the go-to party for insurance claims. While this can be convenient, there are certain risks to keep in mind as well.

Below, we’ll explore what an assignment of insurance benefits is (as well as other forms of remediation), how it works, and when you should employ it. For more information, or to learn whether you may have a claim against an insurer, contact Schwartzapfel Lawyers now at 1-516-342-2200 .

What Is an Assignment of Benefits?

An assignment of benefits (AOB) is a legal process through which an insured individual or party signs paperwork that designates another party like a contractor, company, or healthcare provider as their insurance claimant .

Suppose you’re injured in a car accident and need to file a claim with your health insurance company for medical bills and related costs. However, you also need plenty of time to recover. The thought of constantly negotiating between your insurance company, your healthcare provider, and anyone else seems draining and unwelcome.

With an assignment of benefits, you can designate your healthcare provider as your insurance claimant. Then, your healthcare provider can request insurance payouts from your healthcare insurance provider directly.

Through this system, the health insurance provider directly pays your physician or hospital rather than paying you. This means you don’t have to pay your healthcare provider. It’s a streamlined, straightforward way to make sure insurance money gets where it needs to go. It also saves you time and prevents you from having to think about insurance payments unless absolutely necessary.

What Does an Assignment of Benefits Mean?

An AOB means that you designate another party as your insurance claimant. In the above example, that’s your healthcare provider, which could be a physician, hospital, or other organization.

With the assignment of insurance coverage, that healthcare provider can then make a claim for insurance payments directly to your insurance company. The insurance company then pays your healthcare provider directly, and you’re removed as the middleman.

As a bonus, this system sometimes cuts down on your overall costs by eliminating certain service fees. Since there’s only one transaction — the transaction between your healthcare provider and your health insurer — there’s only one set of service fees to contend with. You don’t have to deal with two sets of service fees from first receiving money from your insurance provider, then sending that money to your healthcare provider.

Ultimately, the point of an assignment of benefits is to make things easier for you, your insurer, and anyone else involved in the process.

What Types of Insurance Qualify for an Assignment of Benefits?

Most types of commonly held insurance can work with an assignment of benefits. These insurance types include car insurance, healthcare insurance, homeowners insurance, property insurance, and more.

Note that not all insurance companies allow you to use an assignment of benefits. For an assignment of benefits to work, the potential insurance claimant and the insurance company in question must each sign the paperwork and agree to the arrangement. This prevents fraud (to some extent) and ensures that every party goes into the arrangement with clear expectations.

If your insurance company does not accept assignments of benefits, you’ll have to take care of insurance payments the traditional way. There are many reasons why an insurance company may not accept an assignment of benefits.

To speak with a Schwartzapfel Lawyers expert about this directly, call 1-516-342-2200 for a free consultation today. It will be our privilege to assist you with all your legal questions, needs, and recovery efforts.

Who Uses Assignments of Benefits?

Many providers, services, and contractors use assignments of benefits. It’s often in their interests to accept an assignment of benefits since they can get paid for their work more quickly and make critical decisions without having to consult the insurance policyholder first.

Imagine a circumstance in which a homeowner wants a contractor to add a new room to their property. The contractor knows that the scale of the project could increase or shrink depending on the specifics of the job, the weather, and other factors.

If the homeowner uses an assignment of benefits to give the contractor rights to make insurance claims for the project, that contractor can then:

• Bill the insurer directly for their work. This is beneficial since it ensures that the contractor’s employees get paid promptly and they can purchase the supplies they need.
• Make important decisions to ensure that the project completes on time. For example, a contract can authorize another insurance claim for extra supplies without consulting with the homeowner beforehand, saving time and potentially money in the process.

Practically any company or organization that receives payments from insurance companies may choose to take advantage of an assignment of benefits with you. Example companies and providers include:

• Ambulance services
• Drug and biological companies
• Lab diagnostic services
• Hospitals and medical centers like clinics
• Certified medical professionals such as nurse anesthetists, nurse midwives, clinical psychologists, and others
• Ambulatory surgical center services
• Permanent repair and improvement contractors like carpenters, plumbers, roofers, restoration companies, and others
• Auto repair shops and mechanic organizations

Advantages of Using an Assignment of Benefits

An assignment of benefits can be an advantageous contract to employ, especially if you believe that you’ll need to pay a contractor, healthcare provider, and/or other organization via insurance payouts regularly for the near future.

These benefits include but are not limited to:

• Save time for yourself. Again, imagine a circumstance in which you are hospitalized and have to pay your healthcare provider through your health insurance payouts. If you use an assignment of benefits, you don’t have to make the payments personally or oversee the insurance payouts. Instead, you can focus on resting and recovering.
• Possibly save yourself money in the long run. As noted above, an assignment of benefits can help you circumvent some service fees by limiting the number of transactions or money transfers required to ensure everyone is paid on time.
• Increased peace of mind. Many people don’t like having to constantly think about insurance payouts, contacting their insurance company, or negotiating between insurers and contractors/providers. With an assignment of benefits, you can let your insurance company and a contractor or provider work things out between them, though this can lead to applications later down the road.

Because of these benefits, many recovering individuals, car accident victims, homeowners, and others utilize AOB agreements from time to time.

Risks of Using an Assignment of Benefits

Worth mentioning, too, is that an assignment of benefits does carry certain risks you should be aware of before presenting this contract to your insurance company or a contractor or provider. Remember, an assignment of benefits is a legally binding contract unless it is otherwise dissolved (which is technically possible).

The risks of using an assignment of benefits include:

• You give billing control to your healthcare provider, contractor, or another party. This allows them to bill your insurance company for charges that you might not find necessary. For example, a home improvement contractor might bill a homeowner’s insurance company for an unnecessary material or improvement. The homeowner only finds out after the fact and after all the money has been paid, resulting in a higher premium for their insurance policy or more fees than they expected.
• You allow a contractor or service provider to sue your insurance company if the insurer does not want to pay for a certain service or bill. This can happen if the insurance company and contractor or service provider disagree on one or another billable item. Then, you may be dragged into litigation or arbitration you did not agree to in the first place.
• You may lose track of what your insurance company pays for various services . As such, you could be surprised if your health insurance or other insurance premiums and deductibles increase suddenly.

Given these disadvantages, it’s still wise to keep track of insurance payments even if you choose to use an assignment of benefits. For example, you might request that your insurance company keep you up to date on all billable items a contractor or service provider charges for the duration of your treatment or project.

For more on this and related topic, call Schwartzapfel Lawyers now at 1-516-342-2200 .

How To Make Sure an Assignment of Benefits Is Safe

Even though AOBs do carry potential disadvantages, there are ways to make sure that your chosen contract is safe and legally airtight. First, it’s generally a wise idea to contact knowledgeable legal representatives so they can look over your paperwork and ensure that any given assignment of benefits doesn’t contain any loopholes that could be exploited by a service provider or contractor.

The right lawyer can also make sure that an assignment of benefits is legally binding for your insurance provider. To make sure an assignment of benefits is safe, you should perform the following steps:

• Always check for reviews and references before hiring a contractor or service provider, especially if you plan to use an AOB ahead of time. For example, you should stay away if a contractor has a reputation for abusing insurance claims.
• Always get several estimates for work, repairs, or bills. Then, you can compare the estimated bills and see whether one contractor or service provider is likely to be honest about their charges.
• Get all estimates, payment schedules, and project schedules in writing so you can refer back to them later on.
• Don’t let a service provider or contractor pressure you into hiring them for any reason . If they seem overly excited about getting started, they could be trying to rush things along or get you to sign an AOB so that they can start issuing charges to your insurance company.
• Read your assignment of benefits contract fully. Make sure that there aren’t any legal loopholes that a contractor or service provider can take advantage of. An experienced lawyer can help you draft and sign a beneficial AOB contract.

Can You Sue a Party for Abusing an Assignment of Benefits?

Sometimes. If you believe your assignment of benefits is being abused by a contractor or service provider, you may be able to sue them for breaching your contract or even AOB fraud. However, successfully suing for insurance fraud of any kind is often difficult.

Also, you should remember that a contractor or service provider can sue your insurance company if the insurance carrier decides not to pay them. For example, if your insurer decides that a service provider is engaging in billing scams and no longer wishes to make payouts, this could put you in legal hot water.

If you’re not sure whether you have grounds for a lawsuit, contact Schwartzapfel Lawyers today at 1-516-342-2200 . At no charge, we’ll examine the details of your case and provide you with a consultation. Don’t wait. Call now!

Assignment of Benefits FAQs

Which states allow assignments of benefits.

Every state allows you to offer an assignment of benefits to a contractor and/or insurance company. That means, whether you live in New York, Florida, Arizona, California, or some other state, you can rest assured that AOBs are viable tools to streamline the insurance payout process.

Can You Revoke an Assignment of Benefits?

Yes. There may come a time when you need to revoke an assignment of benefits. This may be because you no longer want the provider or contractor to have control over your insurance claims, or because you want to switch providers/contractors.

To revoke an assignment of benefits agreement, you must notify the assignee (i.e., the new insurance claimant). A legally solid assignment of benefits contract should also include terms and rules for this decision. Once more, it’s usually a wise idea to have an experienced lawyer look over an assignment of benefits contract to make sure you don’t miss these by accident.

Contact Schwartzapfel Lawyers Today

An assignment of benefits is an invaluable tool when you need to streamline the insurance claims process. For example, you can designate your healthcare provider as your primary claimant with an assignment of benefits, allowing them to charge your insurance company directly for healthcare costs.

However, there are also risks associated with an assignment of benefits. If you believe a contractor or healthcare provider is charging your insurance company unfairly, you may need legal representatives. Schwartzapfel Lawyers can help.

As knowledgeable New York attorneys who are well-versed in New York insurance law, we’re ready to assist with any and all litigation needs. For a free case evaluation and consultation, contact Schwartzapfel Lawyers today at 1-516-342-2200 !

Schwartzapfel Lawyers, P.C. | Fighting For You™™

What Is an Insurance Claim? | Experian

What is assignment of benefits, and how does it impact insurers? | Insurance Business Mag

Florida Insurance Ruling Sets Precedent for Assignment of Benefits | Law.com

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• understanding how the assignment of benefits clause can affect your personal insurance coverage

Understanding How the Assignment of Benefits Clause Can Affect Your Personal Insurance Coverage

How it all starts…. Following a loss such as water heater leak, one’s first instinct might be to call a contractor or plumber with the intention to get the issue resolved quickly. The contractor is more than willing to get started, but before he or she can begin repairs a document is produced, regarded as “standard documentation,” and the line of, “I won’t be able to start the work until this is signed,” is said. Of course, wanting to resolve your issue as soon as possible, you sign, unaware that the contract you have just entered into includes an assignment of benefit clause. But, what does that even mean? An Assignment of Benefits (AOB) is a contract between you and a contractor (such as a plumber, water remediation firm, roofer, etc.) where you give the contractor control of your claims benefits. They file a claim for their services and instruct the insurance company to pay them directly. Once you sign an AOB, you lose control of the direction of your claim. The contractor takes control and can submit whatever they like to your insurance company, sometimes billing the company double, even triple the going market rate for their services, and sometimes include work that was never performed. You don’t see this, and you can’t verify what was done but you have now committed to this contractor. You now have little to no recourse, nor are you able to comparison shop if you’re not satisfied with their work. Even if their work is incomplete, or you are unsatisfied with the end result, they can still claim compensation from the insurance company, which gets deducted from your benefits. Both you and the contractor, are still bound by the terms and conditions of the policy, and if the contractor violates those terms and conditions, those actions could potentially jeopardize coverage for your entire loss. What to look out for! “ If it seems too good to be true, it probably is. ” Has the contractor done any of the following?

• Solicited a job from you unannounced, for damages you were unaware were allegedly present
• Offered you something for nothing, such as a free roof or cabinet upgrade
• Wanted to start work immediately and advise you to delay contacting your insurance company
• Offered to take care of your deductible

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How Does Your Insurance Policy’s “Assignment of Benefits” Clause Affect You?

When homeowners suffer a property loss, one of the first things they do – even before they know the amount of coverage they will receive from their insurer – is call a contractor. The contractor looks at the damage, and estimates the likely cost of repairing the property. Maybe that estimate is greater than the coverage amount the homeowner expects the insurance company to pay out.

In this instance, the contractor will sometimes suggest that the homeowner enter into an “assignment of benefits” (AOB) arrangement. Under this side contract, the contractor agrees to accept as payment whatever the insurance company pays for the insured’s property loss claim.

Such AOB deals can be a major problem.

For one thing, most contractors know very little about insurance coverages and the art of negotiating optimal coverage payouts. The insurance company may initially offer $60K, for example, in a situation where an experienced public adjuster could have secured almost twice that amount. The contractor might take the $60K, and then discover that amount isn’t enough to get the repair job done properly. The contractor then must skimp and cut corners, resulting in a shoddy repair job for the unsuspecting homeowner.

At common law, insureds were prohibited from assigning their insurance policy benefits and other underlying rights. State legislatures, however, have allowed AOB, and many state courts will permit the assignment of insurance policies.

The problems stemming from AOB have led to a mountain of litigation and debates about whether it should be allowed at all. Insurance carriers are happy to allow AOB, because contractors present an easy mark and often accept low-ball claim offers. The contractors, meanwhile, are serving two masters – handling the insured’s claim, as well as taking money to do repairs. That’s exactly why the National Association of Public Insurance Adjusters (NAPIA) doesn’t allow contractors to be PAs and do this type of work.

We recently spoke with Brian Goodman, General Counsel of NAPIA, who calls the practice of AOB “ripe with the possibility of harming consumers and making it so the insured never gets properly indemnified.”  We agree.

NAPIA is working with the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) to eradicate the practice of AOB. There is some resistance because of an unwillingness to infringe on an individual’s right to contract with somebody. But, in our view, any use of AOB really harms consumers.

Diane Swerling

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Assignment of Benefits for Contractors: Pros & Cons of Accepting an AOB

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Insurance , Restoration , Slow Payment

When a property owner files an insurance claim to cover a restoration or roofing project, the owner typically deals directly with the insurance company. They may not have the funds available to pay the contractor out of pocket, so they’re counting on that insurance check to cover the construction costs.

But insurance companies often drag their feet, and payments can take even longer than normal. Contractors often wish they could simply deal with the insurance company directly through an assignment of benefits. In some circumstances, an AOB can be an effective tool that helps contractors collect payment faster — but is it worth it?

In this article, we’ll explain what an assignment of benefits is, and how the process works. More importantly, we’ll look at the pros and cons for restoration and roofing contractors to help you decide if an AOB is worth it . 

What is an assignment of benefits? 

An assignment of benefits , or AOB, is an agreement to transfer insurance claim rights to a third party. It gives the assignee authority to file and negotiate a claim directly with the insurance company, without involvement from the property owner. 

An AOB also allows the insurer to pay the contractor directly instead of funneling funds through the customer. AOBs take the homeowner out of the claims equation.

Here’s an example: A property owner’s roof is damaged in a hurricane. The owner contacts a restoration company to repair the damage, and signs an AOB to transfer their insurance rights to the contractor. The contractor, now the assignee, negotiates the claim directly with the insurance company. The insurer will pay the claim by issuing a check for the repairs directly to the restoration contractor. 

Setting up an AOB

A property owner and contractor can set up an assignment of benefits in two steps: 

• The owner and the contractor sign an AOB agreement
• The contractor sends the AOB to the insurance company

Keep in mind that many states have their own laws about what the agreement can or should include .

For example, Florida’s assignment of benefits law contains relatively strict requirements when it comes to an assignment of benefits: 

• The AOB agreements need to be in writing. The agreement must contain a bolded disclosure notifying the customer that they are relinquishing certain rights under the homeowners policy. You can’t charge administrative fees or penalties if a homeowner decides to cancel the AOB. 
• The AOB must include an itemized, per-unit breakdown of the work you plan to do. The services can only involve how you plan to make repairs or restore the home’s damage or protect the property from any further harm. A copy must be provided to the insurance company. 
• A homeowner can rescind an AOB agreement within 14 days of signing, or within 30 days if no work has begun and no start date was listed for the work. If a start date is listed, the 30-day rule still applies if substantial progress has not been made on the job. 

Before signing an AOB agreement, make sure you understand the property owner’s insurance policy, and whether the project is likely to be covered.

Learn more – Assignment of Benefits: Ultimate Guide for Contractors & Policyholders

Pros & cons for contractors

It’s smart to do a cost-benefit analysis on the practice of accepting AOBs. Listing pros and cons can help you make a logical assessment before deciding either way. 

Pro: Hiring a public adjuster

An insurance carrier’s claims adjuster will inspect property damage and arrive at a dollar figure calculated to cover the cost of repairs. Often, you might feel this adjuster may have overlooked some details that should factor into the estimate. 

If you encounter pushback from the insurer under these circumstances, a licensed, public adjuster may be warranted. These appraisers work for the homeowner, whose best interests you now represent as a result of the AOB. A public adjuster could help win the battle to complete the repairs properly. 

Pro: More control over payment

You may sink a considerable amount of time into preparing an estimate for a customer. You may even get green-lighted to order materials and get started. Once the ball starts rolling, you wouldn’t want a customer to back out on the deal. 

Klark Brown , Co-founder of The Alliance of Independent Restorers, concedes this might be one of the very situations in which an AOB construction agreement might help a contractor. “An AOB helps make sure the homeowner doesn’t take the insurance money and run,” says Brown.  

Pro: Build a better relationship with the homeowner

A homeowner suffers a substantial loss and it’s easy to understand why push and pull with an insurance company might be the last thing they want to undertake. They may desire to have another party act on their behalf. 

As an AOB recipient, the claims ball is now in your court. By taking some of the weight off a customer’s shoulders during a difficult period, it could help build good faith and further the relationship you strive to build with that client. 

Learn more : 8 Ways for Contractors to Build Trust With a Homeowner

Con: It confuses payment responsibilities

Even if you accept an AOB, the property owner still generally bears responsibility for making payment. If the insurance company is dragging their feet, a restoration contractor can still likely file a mechanics lien on the property .

A homeowner may think that by signing away their right to an insurance claim, they are also signing away their responsibility to pay for the restoration work. This typically isn’t true, and this expectation could set you up for a more contentious dispute down the line if there is a problem with the insurance claim. 

Con: Tighter margins

Insurance companies will want repairs made at the lowest cost possible. Just like you, carriers run a business and need to cut costs while boosting revenue. 

While some restoration contractors work directly with insurers and could get a steady stream of work from them, Brown emphasizes that you may be sacrificing your own margins. “Expect to accept work for less money than you’d charge independently,” he adds. 

The takeaway here suggests that any contractor accepting an AOB could subject themselves to the same bare-boned profit margins. 

Con: More administrative work

Among others, creating additional administrative busywork is another reason Brown recommends that you steer clear of accepting AOBs. You’re committing additional resources while agreeing to work for less money. 

“Administrative costs are a burden,” Brown states. Insurers may reduce and/or delay payments to help their own bottom lines. “Insurers will play the float with reserves and claims funds,” he added. So, AOBs can be detrimental to your business if you’re spending more while chasing payments. 

Con: Increase in average collection period

Every contractor should use some financial metrics to help gauge the health of the business . The average collection period for receivables measures the average time it takes you to get paid on your open accounts. 

Insurance companies aren’t known for paying claims quickly. If you do restoration work without accepting an AOB, you can often take action with the homeowner to get paid faster. When you’re depending on an insurance company to make your payment, rather than the owner, collection times will likely increase.

The literal and figurative bottom line is: If accepting assignment of benefits agreements increases the time it takes to get paid and costs you more in operational expense, these are both situations you want to avoid. 

Learn more: How to calculate your collection effectiveness 

AOBs and mechanics liens

A mechanics lien is hands down a contractor’s most effective tool to ensure they get paid for their work. Many types of restoration services are protected under lien laws in most states. But what happens to lien rights when a contractor accepts an assignment of benefits? 

An AOB generally won’t affect a contractor’s ability to file a mechanics lien on the property if they don’t receive payment. The homeowner is typically still responsible to pay for the improvements. This is especially true if the contract involves work that wasn’t covered by the insurance policy. 

However, make sure you know the laws in the state where your project is located. For example, Florida’s assignment of benefits law, perhaps the most restrictive in the country, appears to prohibit an AOB assignee from filing a lien. 

Florida AOB agreements are required to include language that waives the contractor’s rights to collect payment from the owner. The required statement takes it even further, stating that neither the contractor or any of their subs can file a mechanics lien on the owner’s property. 

On his website , Florida’s CFO says: “The third-party assignee and its subcontractors may not collect, or attempt to collect money from you, maintain any action of law against you, file a lien against your property or report you to a credit reporting agency.”

That sounds like a contractor assignee can’t file a lien if they aren’t paid . But, according to construction lawyer Alex Benarroche , it’s not so cut-and-dry.

“Florida’s AOB law has yet to be tested in court, and it’s possible that the no-lien provision would be invalid,” says Benarroche. “This is because Florida also prohibits no-lien clauses in a contract. It is not legal for a contractor to waive their right to file a lien via an agreement prior to performance.” 

Learn more about no-lien clauses and their enforceability state-by-state

Remember that every state treats AOBs differently, and conflicting laws can create additional risk. It’s important to consult with a construction lawyer in the project’s state before accepting an assignment of benefits. 

Best practices for contractors 

At the end of the day, there are advantages and disadvantages to accepting an assignment of benefits. While it’s possible in some circumstances that an AOB could help a contractor get paid faster, there are lots of other payment tools that are more effective and require less administrative costs. An AOB should never be the first option on the table . 

If you do decide to become an assignee to the property owner’s claim benefits, make sure you do your homework beforehand and adopt some best practices to effectively manage the assignment of benefits process. You’ll need to keep on top of the administrative details involved in drafting AOBs and schedule work in a timely manner to stay in compliance with the conditions of the agreement. 

Make sure you understand all the nuances of how insurance works when there’s a claim . You need to understand the owner’s policy and what it covers. Home insurance policy forms are basically standardized for easy comparisons in each state, so what you see with one company is what you get with all carriers. 

Since you’re now the point of contact for the insurance company, expect more phone calls and emails from both clients and the insurer . You’ll need to have a strategy to efficiently handle ramped-up communications since the frequency will increase. Keep homeowners and claims reps in the loop so you can build customer relationships and hopefully get paid faster by the insurer for your work.

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Insurance claims , medical revenue recovery, what should an assignment of benefits form include.

An assignment of benefits form (AOB) is a crucial document in the healthcare world. It is an agreement by which a patient transfers the rights or benefits under their insurance policy to a third-party – in this case, the medical professional who provides services. This way, the medical provider can file a claim and collect insurance payments. In the context of personal injury protection coverage, an AOB is a critical step in the reimbursement process.

Personal injury protection coverage , or PIP, is designed to cover medical expenses and lost wages incurred after an auto accident, regardless of who is at fault. In New Jersey, drivers are required to carry PIP. Now, let’s say there’s an accident: the driver sees a medical provider for treatment, and the provider bills the patient’s carrier. There is nothing that requires that the insurance carrier to pay the provider. 

This is why an assignment of benefits form is so important. It essentially removes the patient from the equation and puts the medical provider in their place as far as the insurance policy is concerned. This enables the provider to be paid directly. If you see PIP patients and want to be paid directly by the insurer (and avoid claim denials or complex legal situations later) you must get an AOB.

The AOB authorization creates a legal relationship between the provider and the insurance carrier. What should it include?

• Correct Business Entity

Fill out your business name correctly: it seems simple, but this can be a stumbling block to reimbursement. If your business name is Dr. Smith’s Chiropractic Care Center, you cannot substitute Dr. Smith’s, Smith’s Chiropractic, etc.  It must be Dr. Smith’s Chiropractic Care Center. If you have a FEIN number, use the name that is listed on your Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) form.

• “Irrevocable” 

It is important that you include this term to indicate that the patient cannot later revoke the assignment of benefits. This tells the court that the AOB is the only document determining standing , or the ability to bring a lawsuit on related matters.

Another key term: the court sees benefits as payments. It does not necessarily give you the right to bring a lawsuit. Include language such as, “assigns the rights and benefits, including the right to bring suit…” 

• Benefit of Not Being Billed At This Time for Services

Essentially, this means that a provider gives up the right to collect payments at the time of service in exchange for the right to bring suit against the insurance company if they are not paid in full. Likewise, the patient gives up the right to bring suit, but they do not have to pay now. The wording will look like this: “In exchange for patient assigning the rights and benefits under their PIP insurance, Dr. Smith’s Chiropractic Care Center will allow patients to receive services without collecting payments at this time.”

• Patient Signature 

Yes, it’s basic, but make sure the assignment of benefits form is signed and dated by the patient! This renders the AOB , for all intents and purposes, null and void. It is not an executed contract. You would have to start the entire process again, which means waiting longer to be reimbursed for the claim. 

• Power of Attorney Clause

Including a power of attorney clause, which supports not only “the right of collecting payment” but also the provider’s ability to take legal action on behalf of the patients, is vital. At Callagy Law, we always argue this is inherent within the no-fault statute; however, there are carriers to argue against the right to arbitration when the language is not in the AOB.

As medical providers, it is critical that you receive proper – and timely – reimbursement for services rendered. The assignment of benefits form is one of the most important pieces in this puzzle. It is essential for an attorney to prepare, or at least review, your AOB and other admission paperwork to ensure that you are able to collect pursuant to your patients’ insurance benefits in whatever ways needed. 

Callagy Law can not only review these documents, but also ensure you are pursuing all recoverable bills to which you are eligible. If you have any questions, would like us to review your AOB form, or have issues collecting payment from insurance companies, please contact the Callagy Law team today .

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Assignment of Benefits Abuse a Looming Problem for Insurers

(Coauthored by  Matthew J. Gray and David W. Earley )

In recent years, assignment of benefits abuse has wreaked havoc on Florida’s property insurance industry. According to a recent report by the Florida Justice Reform Institute, over 54% of insurance cases served in Florida in 2016 involved an assignment of benefits. This rise in assignment of benefits cases has resulted in significant increases in insurer costs and insured premiums. Insurers in other states are potentially at risk as well. However, with appropriate safeguards, insurers can minimize the risk that assignment of benefits abuse poses.

An assignment of benefits is the assignment by an insured to a third party of the proceeds of an insurance policy resulting from a claim. A classic example is a homeowner assigning the benefits of his or her policy to a water remediation company after a water loss occurs in the home. Rather than seeking payment from the insured, the water remediation company would seek reimbursement from the insurer directly.

At first glance, a rise in assignments of benefits would seemingly be of no significant concern to insurers. Instead of paying the value of the claim under the policy to the insured, the insurer would simply pay that same value to a third party instead. Unfortunately, this arrangement is repeatedly abused.

First, assignees (i.e., the person or company to which the benefits are assigned) may seek an inflated claim and delay reporting of that claim. Often, much of the mitigation and repair is completed by the time the claim is reported. Investigating these delayed and inflated claims takes additional resources from insurers who may ultimately end up paying the inflated claim even after a proper investigation, and despite the late reporting.

Second, a refusal to pay the entirety of the inflated claim may result in costly litigation. Some jurisdictions require that an insurer pay a plaintiff’s legal fees incurred pursuing policy benefits under certain circumstances. The statutory law in this regard is crucial. Florida, where this problem has been most acute, has a statute mandating the award of attorneys’ fees with no limit. North Carolina, on the other hand, allows the discretionary awarding of attorneys’ fees with a statutory cap of $10,000. Even if an insurer is successful in defeating these inflated claims, it will still have to pay its own legal bills, which may rival the cost of the inflated claims themselves.

As a further problem, some unscrupulous contractors may generate entirely fraudulent claims by offering insureds incentives to assign their benefits. For example, some contractors may offer insureds a free roof if they are willing to sign an assignment of benefits. Other contractors may offer a free gift card to a restaurant if they assign their benefits for a fraudulent windshield repair claim. Such assignment of benefits mills only exacerbate the problem.

There are a few ways that insurers can safeguard themselves against assignment of benefits abuse. First, their policies can provide that assignment of benefits is prohibited. Though many standard insurance policies include anti-assignment clauses, such general clauses are likely insufficient to prevent assignment of benefits. In North Carolina, two insurers have recently revised their policies to explicitly prohibit the assignment of post-loss benefits. Please note that case law in some jurisdictions may prevent this policy clarification.

Second, insurers can revise their policies to mitigate the potential for abuse in the event of an assignment of benefits. Such revisions might include adding provisions limiting the amount of emergency work that can be done without approval or requiring that insurers be given a specific amount of time to inspect losses before repair work can begin. In this way, insurers can more regularly defeat contractors with inflated or fraudulent claims in court, disincentivizing these contractors (and their attorneys) from bringing such cases at all.

The assignment of benefits crisis in Florida is a dire warning to insurers to safeguard themselves. Though such safeguards will necessarily be constrained by state law, insurers would be well-served to do what they can to prepare for this problem.

Matt Gray is a shareholder at Young Moore and Henderson. His primary area of practice is insurance coverage analysis and alleged insurance bad faith.

David Earley is an associate at Young Moore and Henderson. His practice focuses on business litigation, insurance coverage analysis, and alleged insurance bad faith.

Please contact Matt or David if you have any questions about this article or would like to discuss it further.

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