thesis statement for organ transplant

Organ donation in the US is broken, and we know who is to blame

Researchers can identify the weakest link in transplantation, but organ procurement organizations resist change, hannah seo • january 15, 2020.

25,000 additional U.S. lives could be saved yearly by reducing the number of unused organs, one report suggests. [Credit: Pan American Health Organization , flickr | CC]

A clinic on wheels for the homeless, natalie peretsman • february 16, 2009, fecal transplants: the scoop on therapeutic poop, rachel nuwer • november 15, 2011, more bugs, healthier people, joanna klein • december 1, 2014, healing the unborn, jeanette ferrara • february 22, 2016.

While out for a routine jog, Rick collapsed and was rushed to the hospital. He had an undiagnosed genetic heart disease and needed a transplant as soon as possible. He would not receive one for five, long, suspenseful years. 

Rick was fortunate — he survived his time on the waiting list — but so many others do not. The United States is facing an organ shortage. According to U.S. Government Information on Organ Donation and Transplantation , an average of 20 people die each day waiting for a transplant, and yet another person is added to the wait list every 10 minutes. 

While no one is denying the multifaceted nature of the issue, researchers and clinicians alike point to one obvious weak link: organ procurement organizations. OPOs are the first agents to act when an organ becomes available. They are responsible for encouraging donation by talking to individuals and the families of the recently deceased, and carrying out the surgical procedures for procurement in all eligible cases. 

Today, Rick’s son, Greg Segal , is the founder of a non-profit, ORGANIZE , focused on reforming the organ donation system. He sees OPOs and their underperformance as a bottleneck that limits organ availability. “The solution is holding OPOs accountable,” Segal says. Right now, “there’s no pressure on OPOs to figure out how to improve their performance. OPOs are evaluated entirely on self-interpreted and self-reported data, there’s gross under-performance across the OPO industry and huge variability in performance.”

There are 58 OPOs in the United States, each with their own donor service area. Every organ utilized for transplantation in the United States can be traced back to an OPO, says Segal. Unfortunately, these organizations operate as monopolies in their donor service areas, with very little transparency, he adds. 

OPOs are resistant to the levels of scrutiny placed on other parts of the organ donation system, like transplant centers and hospitals, says Brianna Doby , an OPO community consultant for Johns Hopkins University. She believes this opacity undoubtedly hinders improvement and change. “There are so many OPOs who claim that they’re doing perfect work,” Doby says, but when you assess wait lists and death rates, that is clearly not the case. 

There is currently huge variability in OPO performance and very few consequences for underperformance. According to a report by the Bridgespan Group, a non-profit consulting organization based in Boston, “there are approximately 28,000 additional available organs each year from deceased donors that are not procured or transplanted due to breakdowns of the current system.” The report says that this could equate to about 25,000 additional lives that could be saved yearly. 

“Nobody is currently incentivized to optimize organ donations,” says Dorry Segev , a professor of surgery at Johns Hopkins, in an email. OPOs are evaluated by the United Network of Organ Sharing via two metrics: the number of organs they procure from a donor and organs procured per eligible death. These metrics, Segev writes, encourage subpar performance: “With the current regulatory metrics, OPOs may not be incentivized to recover organs from older, sicker, more complex potential donors.” 

Segev suspects that some OPOs are prioritizing their organs-procured-per-donor rate, ignoring potential donors where only one organ can be procured, and preventing the possibility of using that one additional organ to save a life. Segev says such a case shows that reforming the metrics used to measure OPO “success” is key to reforming the organ donation system as a whole. Segev is sure that standardizing accountability across organ procurement organizations and eliminating negligent practices will result in tangible, visible, immediate change. 

Raymond Lynch , an assistant professor of surgery at Emory University, calculated how many more donors and organs we could expect if lower performing organizations improved their rates of procurement. He found that if the bottom half of OPOs raised their procurement rates to match the average performers, and the top half of OPOs did not change in performance, we could expect 941 extra donors and 2,719 additional organs annually. This relatively conservative change could lead to so many more lives saved. Unfortunately, says Lynch, exact interventions to bring about this change will be hard to implement without complete transparency from OPOs. 

Understanding each OPO’s methods and numbers, and standardizing the industry to transparent and objective measures, is crucial, says Lynch. “We need to understand each of the OPO’s processes, even if it does not paint a flattering picture, because only when we have transparency and understanding can we start to formulate appropriate interventions.” She adds that if OPOs did as good a job of improving their performance as they did defending it, we wouldn’t be in this situation.

The Association of Organ Procurement Organization declined to comment for this article, but their website states that “All OPOs are regulated by multiple government agencies and adhere to the highest medical and ethical standards.” 

A researcher who requested their name be omitted from this article begs to differ. They say that “stating OPOs are highly regulated is inherently true and inherently meaningless;” since there is no centralized regulatory body, all current regulations are effectively “toothless.” “We’ve allowed ourselves to be told that organ procurement is so complicated that nobody outside the community could understand, let alone regulate it,” they say, “and this mysticism is somehow allowed to justify rampant deregulation.” 

In spite of all this, Doby is optimistic that reformation will come. In July, the current administration released an executive order outlining intentions for increased regulations and transparency in OPOs and transplant centers. Nevertheless, she says, an executive order is just a first step — robust policy that standardizes OPO practice at the legislative level needs to be set in place.

Doby hopes that we reach a place where we can insist upon utilizing every organ for transplantation. Hopefully, we will soon see good, enforceable new regulations cross the finish line, she says, because that is what’s going to help patients the most.

About the Author

Hannah Seo is a science journalist based in New York City and the editor-in-chief of Scienceline. She loves writing about the intersections of science, tech and culture. As an ethnically Korean Canadian raised in Qatar, she also considers herself an international nomad.

I am grateful that Mr. Segal received his heart transplant through the generosity of a donor and the work of those of us in the donation field. That’s the kind of success story organ procurement organizations are working hard every day to help achieve. The article correctly states that there are still far too many people in need of life-saving transplants and that more needs to be done. The OPO where I work readily accepts this challenge, as do colleagues across the nation.

However, the article omitted several crucial facts. These facts do not negate the need to do more – we must, and we will – but they provide a more accurate picture of the current situation: Fact: For the seventh straight year, the United States set a new annual record for the number of lives saved through organ donation and transplantation. Fact: A recent study (“Success of Opt-In Organ Donation Policy in the United States,” JAMA, 2019) showed that the United States has the second best organ donation system in the world, behind only Spain, and that many states exceed Spain’s performance. Fact: The number of people on the organ transplant waiting list – although still too high – has been steadily dropping, due to the generosity of donors and the dedication of OPO staff and transplant hospitals. Fact: The proposed rule for the new government performance metric estimates an additional 5,000 to 6,000 organ transplants a year can be achieved by 2026, a far cry from the notion that there are somehow 28,000 “missing” organs. Fact: Organ procurement organizations have every incentive to save as many lives as possible, despite the couched assertions of critics in this article.

OPOs work hard every single day to save as many lives as possible and to honor the generosity of donors and their families. We welcome transparency, we welcome standardized performance metrics and we welcome innovation that can save and improve even more lives.

Thank you for your excellent article on broken OBOs. I am, like you, a nomad living outside the United States with presently no plans to return. What international organization do you know of that would allow me to register my organs for donation anywhere in the world?

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93 Organ Donation Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

🏆 best organ donation topic ideas & essay examples, ⭐ good research topics about organ donation, 👍 interesting topics to write about organ donation, ❓ organ donation research questions.

• Importance of Organ Donation Considering the huge number of people in need of different body organs today, and the many that are dying each day due to organ problems, a socially upright member of our society should not consider […]
• Organ Transplantation and Donation Since people donate organs to others regardless of their locations, nations need to be cautious in order to avoid spread of diseases in the process.
• Organ Donation: Willingness to Donate Organ Among Medical Students In conclusion, organ donation is a vital and life-changing procedure that can help save lives and improve the quality of life for those in need.
• The COVID-19 Impact on Organ Donation The official statistics of the United States government also support the idea that with the onset of the pandemic, the number of organ transplantation procedures has decreased. The pandemic appears to be the main cause […]
• The Organ Donation Legislation Critique She expresses outrage and condemnation of the current organ donation legislation and the politicians who drafted it. If the global majority accepts such a perspective, it will lead to a worldwide spike of violence and […]
• Researching of Xenograft and Organ Donation Doctors have been searching for methods to save lives all along, and xenograft has shown to be one of the most reliable, particularly when it comes to organ replacement. A xenograft is fraught with dangers, […]
• Organ Donation: Donor Prevalence in Saudi Arabia Donating organs does not pose a threat to the life of the donor; however, it can save the lives of many other people who need organ transplants.
• Organ Donation Registry Beginning 16th February 2010 through to the 18th the Ypsilanti Lions club organized the organ donation registry table whose main purpose was to invite people from all walks of life to literally give a piece […]
• Organ Donation: Postmortem Transplantation The ethicality of such actions has been questioned, as this procedure may be ambiguously perceived by the relatives of the deceased patient and the recipient of organs.
• The Issue of Compensation for Organ Donation Nevertheless, in spite of the fact that proponents of the compensation for the organ donation indicate obvious advantages of using this approach for the healthcare system, opponents emphasize the unethical character of such approaches.
• Organ Donation: Ethical and Legal Considerations The other approach is by requesting the family of the deceased to give consent for the donation in a case where the deceased did not permit earlier on.
• Organ Donation in Saudi Arabia: Survey Results A total of 27 participants answered the questions that were asked in the survey. The problems that are behind the ambiguity that people have over this issue are some of their limitations and perceptions.
• Organ Donation: Ethical Dilemmas An example of an ethical dilemma surrounding the procedure is the case of rich man vs.poor man, or rather, the case of a person who can afford to buy an organ on the black market […]
• Ethics of Organ Donation After Human Death In reference to this case, the ethical dilemma is related to the fact that the hospital administrator needs to disregard the necessity of informed consent for organ donation.
• Medical Ethics of Child’s Organ Donation Obviously, the parents are the only people who represent the wishes of the patient in the case. The above-mentioned position seems to be viable when it comes to the concept of the greatest good used […]
• Gene Patenting and Organ Donation Profitability is the key to violating the law, and that is the reason for the lack of transparency in the tissue market.
• Organ Donation and Transplantation Medicine Although money and financial support will be a major factor in the process of body transplant that Canavero expects to take two years, pegging human life on money is unethical.
• Organ Donation Myths: Critical Thought This essay is aimed at subverting three of the most common myths about the subject matter by considering the facts closely, relating them to the values concerning the organ donation, and isolating the issues related […]
• Organ Donation: Importance Information Because of the improved and advanced technology, the practice of organ transplant is becoming more popular and acceptable in the society.
• Ethical Issues in Organ Donation According to the authors of the study, death is defined as, “the irreversible loss of the integrated and coordinated life of the person as a single living organism”.
• The Ethics of Organ Donation in Modern World The patient is referred to a transplant center and is to their “dismay” put on a national waiting list, after a “series of interviews, physical and medical tests” to determine the suitability of the recipient […]
• Pros and Cons of Paying for Organ Donation: Arguments for Prohibition Although the potential of people to purchase organs might bring in profits to health care and increase supply and demand of transplanted organs, the fact of increased supply rates is doubtful because recent surveys prove […]
• The Nebraska Laws on Organ Donation in the United States
• Factors Influencing Organ Donation Among African Americans
• Pros and Cons of a New Opt-Out System of Organ Donation
• An Argument in Favor of Encouraging Organ Donation After Death for Transplantation Opportunities
• Beneficence Justice Malfeasance and Autonomy in Organ Donation
• The Cases of Brain Death and Organ Donation in Children and Adults
• Comparison of the Organ Donation in the U.S. and Sweden
• Compensation for Organ Donation: The Sale of Organs
• Could Death Row Inmates Be a Viable Source for Organ Donation
• Overview of the Dutch and Belgium Organ Donation Acts
• Donation of the Organs and Their Harmful Effects on the Society
• Knoweldge and Attitudes of Health Professionals on Organ Donation
• Financial Compensation for Organ Donation
• Analyzing the Importance of the Organ Donation
• The Benefits and Shotrcomes of Organ Donation
• Improving Organ Donation Through Clarification and Education
• Increasing Organ Donation via Changes in the Default Choice or Allocation Rule
• Organ Donation: Why Everyone Should Be a Donor
• Legal and Ethical Issues Regarding Organ Donation
• Mandatory Organ Donation: Ethical or Unethical
• Organ Donation: How Recipients Are Chosen and Should Donors Be Compensated
• The Discussion of the Legalization of Organ Donation
• Effects of the Organ Donation on the Lives of Thousands of Recipients
• Ethical Issues Surrounding Organ Donation
• Why Cash for Kidneys Is Better Than Organ Donation
• Organ Donation Issues and Laws: Federal and California State
• Social Madia Initiative May Help Increase Organ Donation
• Organ Donation: Life That You May Have the Power to Save
• The Best Ways to Decrease the Shortage of Organs for Transplantation
• Public Policies in the Question of Consent for Organ Donation
• Organ Donation: Keeping the Gift of Life Alive
• Description of the Commercial Market for Organ Donation
• The Controversy Associated With the Opt-Out Organ Donation
• The Life Saving Benefits of Organ Donation
• Comparing Organ Donation Programmes Across the World
• The Global Need for Organ Donations
• Why Organ Donation Should Be Encouraged
• Organ Donation: Two Deaths or One Life
• Neonatal and Pediatric Organ Donation: Ethical Perspectives and Implications
• Organ Donation and Forest Depletion Depicted in Fitzhugh’s “The Organ Grinders”
• Is There a Black Market for Organ Donation?
• What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Organ Donation?
• How Is Organ Donation a Lucrative Business?
• Why Do Muslims Disagree With Organ Donation?
• Is Organ Donation Against God and Nature?
• What Are the Ethical Issues in Organ Donation?
• Is the US Opt-in or Opt-Out for Organ Donation?
• Why Is Organ Donation a Moral Issue?
• How Does the Process of Organ Donation Work?
• What Ethical Theory Is Against Organ Donation?
• Does Islam Support the Concept of Organ Donation After Death?
• What Is the Most Complicated Organ Donation?
• Are Organ Donations Compulsory in China?
• Why Can’t Organ Donation Be Mandatory?
• Is There an Age Limit for Organ Donation?
• What Do Religions Think About Organ Donation?
• Why Is Organ Donation in Exchange for Money Illegal?
• Is an Opt-in or Opt-Out More Effective for Organ Donation?
• What Are the Disadvantages of Organ Donation After Death?
• Are Religious Beliefs Keeping Organ Donations From Going Mainstream?
• What Cultures Don’t Believe in Organ Donation?
• Why Is Organ Donation Uncommon in India?
• Should Presumed Consent for Organ Donation Be Used in the US?
• What Are the Laws Behind Organ Donation?
• How Does the Debate on Deontology vs. Consequentialism Stand When It Comes to Organ Donation?
• What Are the Emotional Tolls of Organ Donation for the Donor?
• How Do Living Organ Donations Compare to Deceased Organ Donations in the United States?
• What Are the Challenges of Organ Donation?
• Are There Barriers to Organ Donation in the US?
• Why Are Donated Organs Sometimes Rejected?
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Organ Donation - Free Essay Samples And Topic Ideas

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• Frontiers in Transplantation
• Abdominal Transplantation
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Organ Transplantation by 2040

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About this Research Topic

December 23, 2024 marks the 70th anniversary of the first successful kidney transplantation in humans. This event has launched one of the most spectacular and consequential fields in modern medicine, saving over 1 million lives in the US alone. However, despite successfully integrating advances in surgery, immunology, genetics, pharmacology, and epidemiology, the ever-evolving field of organ transplantation has never been as challenging as it is today, as essential caveats and gaps in our knowledge remain. In practice, these present significant limitations for clinical organ transplantation but, at the same time, ample opportunities for insightful and ground-breaking translational research. This Research Topic aims to facilitate a discussion on the future of organ and cell transplantation in 15 years. The Frontiers of Transplantation represents a perfect global platform for a multidisciplinary crosstalk between academic researchers, clinical scientists, and the biotech industry. It is urgently needed to move the field forward, eliminate the existing boundaries, and offer life-saving transplants to patients with terminal organ failure. We hope to obtain a variety of viewpoints on how challenging current dogmas and status quo may shape the future of organ/cell transplantation by 2040. Topics covered within this selection include, but are not limited to: 1. Solving donor organ shortage 2. Targeting peri-transplant tissue damage 3. Refining organ preservation techniques 4. Acquiring operational tolerance, i.e. “one transplant for life” 5. Transitioning vascularized composite allografts (VCA) from research to standard-of-care 6. Recognizing growing ethical and psychosocial issues, e.g., body-to-head transplantation (BHT), perhaps the final frontier of organ transplantation. Manuscripts may include comprehensive/mini-reviews, policy/practice reviews, hypothesis/theory articles, perspective articles, and opinion pieces.

Keywords : Kidney Transplantation, Surgery, Immunology, Genetics, Pharmacology, Epidemiology, Translational Research, Organ Transplantation, Cell Transplantation, Organ Shortage, Peri-transplant tissue, VCA.

Important Note : All contributions to this Research Topic must be within the scope of the section and journal to which they are submitted, as defined in their mission statements. Frontiers reserves the right to guide an out-of-scope manuscript to a more suitable section or journal at any stage of peer review.

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